11/13/2024 MANUAL FOR

STRUCTURAL
CALCULATIONS

CENTER FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

PROPOSED 5 STOREY RESIDENTIAL APPARTMENT ON PLOT NO. 3

CLIENT: - PETER MBIYU WARONJA

P.O. BOX: - 12134

DESIGNED BY: - C.M.M

CHECKED BY: - CAITECH

TABLE OF CONTENTS AND PRINTING ORDER

1. Design Load Calculations

2. Reference Drawings

3. Slab

4. Beam

5. Column

6. Column Pads

7. Staircase

8. Truss

9. Strip Foundation

DESIGN CONCEPTS
Structural Analysis is done by;

• TEKLA TEDDS
• ETABS
• AUTOCAD-DETAILING

Calculations is prepared manually using Microsoft word

Building standards References Used

Design Load
BS 8110 Part 1-1997 Manual for the design of concrete buildings
BS 6399 Part 1-1996 For loading of building
CP3 Part 2-1972 For wind

1
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SLAB SIZING/SLAB DEPTH

INTERIOR PANEl (3)

4000 mm (Lx)

5000 mm (Ly)
Design as two
Ly⁄𝐿𝑥 = 5000⁄4000 = 1.25 < 2 N/B Way spanning
If less than 2, it’s two-way spanning slab
If more than 2, it’s one-way spanning

From table 3.4, figure 3.2, the minimum thickness of a floor

based on fire resistance duration of 2hrs is 125mm and 3hrs
resistance is 150mm.
BS 8110: OR
Part 1 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
Depth ratio- Minimum effective depth = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑥 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Pg. 35 ⁄
Table 3.9 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Modification
factor – Page For slab design, consider the short span of the
36 slab d = 4000⁄26 𝑥 1.41 =
Table 3.10
109.11mm

Cover for Overall depth (h) = Effective depth + cover + Ø⁄2

continuous
floor to 2hrs = 109.11 + 25 + 10⁄2
fire = 139.11mm
resistance
Table 3.4
Page 24 Say, h = 150mm Slab depth (h)
150 mm

2
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Ultimate Load for Slab

BS 6399 Ultimate load for slab

Clause 5.1.4 Dead Load = 0.15m x 24 KN/m3
Page 5 = 3.6 KN/m2

BS 6399 Partition = 1.0 KN/m2

Table 1 Ceiling = 0.25 KN/m2
Page 3 Imposed = 2 KN/m2

Total dead load = 3.6 + 1 + 0.25 = 4.85 KN/m2

Table 2.1 Ultimate Load

Pg9 = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk
= 1.4 (4.85) + 1.6 (2) = 10KN/m2 W=10KN/m2

Ultimate load(W)=10 KN/m2

Design Moment(M)=WL2/8
=10KN/m2x4.02m/8 = 20 KN M=20KN

MU=75.47 KN
Ultimate Moment(Mu)=0.156FCUbd2
=0.156x25x1000x139.112x10-6 = 75.47 KN M<MU No
compression reinf
Design K = M/FCUbd2 req
formulae 20x106/25x1000x139.112 = 0.0413<0.156
Clause 3.4.4.4 K=0.0427
Pg 28 K`=MU/FCUbd2
75.47x106/25x1000x139.112=0.1559975 K<K` No
compression reinf
Z= d (0.5+ 0.25-k/0.9
= d (0.5+ 0.25-0.0413/0.9 =0.951d<0.95d Z=0.95d

As= M/0.87 X fyz =

=20x106/0.87x500x0.95x139.11= 347.9mm2 As=347.9mm2

As min = 0.13%bh

0.13\100 x 1000 x 150 = 195mm2 AS min=195mm2

3
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

WATER TANK LOADS

CB3 5.0 m CC3

Point
Load
4.0 m

CB2 CC2

Assuming a circular tank of height = 2170 mm, diameter 2560 mm

and a capacity of 10,000 litters.
The tank exerts a uniformly distributed load equally on it’s base,
the point load exerted by the tank should be converted to a udl
so that total forces on the slab can be summed together.

4
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
CB3 2.5 m 2.5 m CC3

2m 2m

2560 mm

2m
2m

2.5 m 2.5 m
CB2 CC2

Total weight of tank (W)

= Volume of water x Unit weight of water
Volume of water in the tank
= Surface area of tank x height of tank

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝜋𝑟2

= 3.142 x (1280)2 = 5.148 m2 A=5.148m2
Volume = Area x height = 5.148 x 2.170 = 11.17 m3 V=11.17m3

W (Weight of tank) = Volume x Unit weight of water

= 11.17 x 9.81
= 109.59 KN W=109.59KN

Converting the water tank point load (KN) to UDL

Surface area of tank = 5.148 m2
Pressure at base of tank (P)

P = 𝑊⁄𝑆. 𝐴 = 109.59 𝐾𝑁⁄5.148 𝑚2 = 21.29 KN/m2 P=21.29KN/m2

Check for compatibility,

Pressure = Unit weight of water x height of
water = 9.81Kn/m3 x 2.17m = 21.29 KN/m2

21.29 ≥ 21.29 KN/m2 O.K

5
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Manual Sizing of structural members is based on the critical slab that’s

design of based on the longest spans for slabs, beams, walls, column and
concrete foundation.
structure to
BS 8110 by BEAM SIZING
ISE
SUPPORT RECTANGULAR FLANGED BEAMS
CONDITIONS SECTION 𝒃𝒘
≤ 0.3
Table 3.9 𝒃
Page 35 Cantilever 7 5.6
Simply Supported 20 16.0
Continuous 26 20.8

BEAM SIZING Say,

Depth to be
400 mm and
Ly = 5.0 m Breadth to be 200
mm.
i) For Simply Supported
Clause 3.4.6.5  Minimum Depth = 𝐿⁄16 = 5000⁄16 = 312.5 mm

Table
 A minimum of 2hrs fire resistance was adopted
3.4(Fig. 3.2)
therefore a minimum Breadth of 200 mm with a 40 mm
Page 25
cover to reinforcement was recommended
For breadth
ULTIMATE BEAM LOAD

Beam Dead Load = B X D X Density of Concrete x Beam Span

= 0.2 x 0.4 x 24 KN/m3 x 5.0= 9.6 KN
Ultimate Load
= 1.4 x Gk (Gk is the beam dead load) Beam Dead
= 1.4 x 9.6 = 13.44 KN =13.44KN
= 2.688 KN/m =2.688KN/m
WALL LOADS

Wall loads = Thickness of wall x Height of wall x Unit masonry

weight x Span of wall on beam (beam span) Wall dead
= 0.2 x 2.6 x 20 KN/m3 x 5.0 =52KN
= 52 KN =10.4KN/m
= 10.4 KN/m

Total load of beam acting on the column area span

= Beam dead load + Wall loads Total
= 13.44 + 52 = 65.44 KN =65.44KN
= 13.088KN/m =13.088KN/m

6
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Ultimate load=13.088KN/m
=65.44KN

Max Bending Moment(M)=WL2/8

=13.088KN/mX5.02m/8 = 40.9 KN/m M= 40.9 KN/m

Design Shear Force(v) = w/2

=65.44KN/2 = 32.72KN V = 32.72KN

Ultimate Moment(Mu)=0.156FCUbd2
=0.156x25x200x4002x10-6 = 124.8 KN/m MU=124.8 KN/m

K = M/FCUbd2
40.9x106/25x200x4002 = 0.0511<0.156 K=0.0511<0.156

Z= d (0.5+ 0.25-k/0.9
= d (0.5+ 0.25-0.0511/0.9 =0.94d<0.95d Z=0.94d<0.95d

As= M/0.87 X fyz =

=40.9x106/0.87x500x0.94x400 = 250.061mm2 As= 250.061mm2

As min = 0.13%bh AS min=104mm2

0.13\100 x 200 x 400 = 104mm2

7
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Calculating Axial Load For Column (CB3, CB2) Col. Area 13.438m2
{Top most column}

N (Axial load)
= {(Column Area X Slab ultimate load) + (Beam Loads + Water
tank loads)}
= {(13.438m2 x 10KN/m2) + (65.44KN+109.59KN)}
=309.41KN
N = 309.41KN N=309.41KN

COLUMN SIZING (CB3 AND CB2)

Axial Load (N) = 309.41 KN

FCU = 25 N/mm
FYY = 500 N/mm

ASC (Area of steel in concrete) = 4% of Gross Column Area

N = 0.4 Fcu Ac + 0.8 FY ASC

309.41X103 = 0.4 (25) (AC – 4% AC) + 0.8 (500) (0.04AC)

309410 = 9.6 AC + 16 AC
309410 = 25.6 AC AC=12086.33mm2
2
AC = 12086.32813 mm If the column is square;

A=SxS»S=√A
S = √ (12086.32813) = 109.9378 mm
Say,
S = 250 mm (Square column) Side = 250 mm
Side = 250 mm
If the column is rectangular;

A = L x W (Assume a width = 200 mm)

12086.32813 = 200 x L
L = 60.43164 mm

Say, L = 300 mm (Rectangular Column)

N/B Length
= 300
If the column surpasses a 𝐿⁄𝑊 ratio of 1:3, it becomes a shear mm
Width = 200 mm
wall e.g. 200 x 60 or 400 x 120 (design as shear wall)

8
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check whether Column is Short or Long

Column is 200 x 300 mm

End conditions at Top x–x=1
y–y=2
End conditions at Bottom x–x=3
y–y=3

The clear column height between restraints = 3,000 mm

Table 3.19 X – Direction

Pg67
Top Condition = 1, Bottom Condition = 3
βx = 0.9 Bx =0.9
Effective length = βx x Le
Lex = 0.9 x 3000 = 2,700mm Lex = 2700mm

𝐿𝑒𝑥⁄𝐿 = 2700⁄300 = 9 < 15 (Design as Short Column)

9 < 15

Y – Direction

Top Condition = 2, Bottom

Condition = 3 βy = 0.95 BY =0.95

Effective Length, Ley = βy x Le

Ley = 0.95 x 3000 = 2850 mm Ley =2850mm

𝐿𝑒𝑦⁄𝑊 = 2850⁄200 = 14.25 < 15 (Design as Short Column) 14.25 < 15

9
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Calculating Axial Load For Column (CB3, CB2) Col. Area 13.438m2
{Bottom most column}

N (Axial load)
= {(Column Area X Slab ultimate load) + (Beam Loads + Water
tank loads)} x Number of Stories
= {(13.438m2 x 10KN/m2) + (65.44KN+109.59KN)} x5
=1547.05KN
N = 1547.05KN N=1547.05KN

COLUMN SIZING (CB3 AND CB2)

Axial Load (N) = 1547.05 KN

FCU = 25 N/mm
FYY = 500 N/mm

ASC (Area of steel in concrete) = 4% of Gross Column Area

N = 0.4 Fcu Ac + 0.8 FY ASC

1547.05X103 = 0.4 (25) (AC – 4% AC) + 0.8 (500) (0.04AC)

1547050 = 9.6 AC + 16 AC
1547050 = 25.6 AC AC=60431.64mm2
AC = 60431.64063 mm2 If the column is square;

A=SxS»S=√A
S = √ (60431.64) = 245.828478 mm
Say,
S = 350 mm (Square column) Side = 350 mm
Side = 350 mm
If the column is rectangular;

A = L x W (Assume a width = 200 mm)

60431.64063 = 200 x L
L = 302.158mm

Say, L = 400 mm (Rectangular Column)

Length
= 400
mm
Width = 200 mm

10
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check whether Column is Short or Long

Column is 200 x 400 mm

End conditions at Top x–x=1
y–y=2
End conditions at Bottom x–x=3
y–y=3

Table 3.19 The clear column height between restraints = 3,000 mm

Pg67
Z – Direction

Top Condition = 1, Bottom Condition = 3

βx = 0.9 Bx =0.9
Effective length = βx x Le
Lex = 0.9 x 3000 = 2,700mm Lex = 2700mm

𝐿𝑒𝑥⁄𝐿 = 2700⁄400 = 6.75 < 15 (Design as Short Column)

6.75 < 15

AA – Direction

Top Condition = 2, Bottom

Condition = 3 βy = 0.95 BY =0.95

Effective Length, Ley = βy x Le

Ley = 0.95 x 3000 = 2850 mm Ley =2850mm

𝐿𝑒𝑦⁄𝑊 = 2850⁄200 = 14.25 < 15 (Design as Short Column) 14.25 < 15

11
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Calculating Axial Load For Column (CC3, CC2) Col. Area 21.25m2
{Top most column}

N (Axial load)
= {(Column Area X Slab ultimate load) + (Beam Loads + Water
tank loads)}
= {(21.25m2 x 10KN/m2) + (65.44KN+109.59KN)} =KN
N = 387.53KN N=387.53KN

COLUMN SIZING (CC3 AND CC3)

Axial Load (N) = 387.53 KN

FCU = 25 N/mm
FYY = 500 N/mm

ASC (Area of steel in concrete) = 4% of Gross Column Area

N = 0.4 Fcu Ac + 0.8 FY ASC

387.53X103 = 0.4 (25) (AC – 4% AC) + 0.8 (500) (0.04AC)

387530 = 9.6 AC + 16 AC
387530 = 25.6 AC
AC = 15137.89063 mm2 If the column is square; AC=15137.89mm2

A=SxS»S=√A
S = √ (15137.89063) = 123.0361 mm
Say,
S = 250 mm (Square column)
Side = 250 mm
If the column is rectangular; Side = 250 mm

A = L x W (Assume a width = 200 mm)

15137.89 = 200 x L
L = 75.68945 mm

Say, L = 300 mm (Rectangular Column)

N/B
Length
If the column surpasses a 𝐿⁄𝑊 ratio of 1:3, it becomes a shear = 300
wall e.g. 200 x 60 or 400 x 120 (design as shear wall) mm
Width = 200 mm

12
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check whether Column is Short or Long

Column is 200 x 300 mm

End conditions at Top x–x=1
y–y=2
End conditions at Bottom x–x=3
y–y=3

The clear column height between restraints = 3,000 mm

Table 3.19 X– Direction

Pg67
Top Condition = 1, Bottom Condition = 3
βx = 0.9 Bx =0.9
Effective length = βx x Le
Lex = 0.9 x 3000 = 2,700mm Lex = 2700mm

𝐿𝑒𝑥⁄𝐿 = 2700⁄300 = 9 < 15 (Design as Short Column)

9 < 15

Y– Direction

Top Condition = 2, Bottom

Condition = 3 βy = 0.95 BY =0.95

Effective Length, Ley = βy x Le

Ley = 0.95 x 3000 = 2850 mm Ley =2850mm

𝐿𝑒𝑦⁄𝑊 = 2850⁄200 = 14.25 < 15 (Design as Short Column) 14.25 < 15

13
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Calculating Axial Load For Column (CC3, CC2) Col. Area 21.25m2
{Bottom most column}

N (Axial load)
= {(Column Area X Slab ultimate load) + (Beam Loads + Water
tank loads)} x Number of Stories
= {(21.25m2 x 10KN/m2) + (65.44KN+109.59KN)} x5
=1937.65KN
N = 1937.65KN N=1937.65KN

COLUMN SIZING (CC3 AND CC2)

Axial Load (N) = 1937.65 KN

FCU = 25 N/mm
FYY = 500 N/mm

ASC (Area of steel in concrete) = 4% of Gross Column Area

N = 0.4 Fcu Ac + 0.8 FY ASC

1937.65X103 = 0.4 (25) (AC – 4% AC) + 0.8 (500) (0.04AC)

1937650 = 9.6 AC + 16 AC
1937650 = 25.6 AC AC=75689.45mm2
AC = 75689.45313 mm2 If the column is square;

A=SxS»S=√A
S = √ (75689.45313) = 275.1171625 mm
Say,
S = 350 mm (Square column) Side = 350 mm
Side = 350 mm
If the column is rectangular;

A = L x W (Assume a width = 200 mm)

75689.45313 = 200 x L
L = 378.4472557 mm

Say, L = 400 mm (Rectangular Column)

Length
= 400
mm
Width = 200 mm

14
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check whether Column is Short or Long

Column is 200 x 400 mm

End conditions at Top x–x=1
y–y=2
End conditions at Bottom x–x=3
y–y=3

The clear column height between restraints = 3,000 mm

Table 3.19 X– Direction

Pg67
Top Condition = 1, Bottom Condition = 3
βx = 0.9 Bx =0.9
Effective length = βx x Le
Lex = 0.9 x 3000 = 2,700mm Lex = 2700mm

𝐿𝑒𝑥⁄𝐿 = 2700⁄400 = 6.75 < 15 (Design as Short Column)

9 < 15

Y– Direction

Top Condition = 2, Bottom

Condition = 3 βy = 0.95 BY =0.95

Effective Length, Ley = βy x Le

Ley = 0.95 x 3000 = 2850 mm Ley =2850mm

𝐿𝑒𝑦⁄𝑊 = 2850⁄200 = 14.25 < 15 (Design as Short Column) 14.25 < 15

15
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SIZING OF BASE FOOTING

{CB3/CB2}

Plan Area of Base = 𝑁⁄𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

1547.05KN⁄200 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2 = 7.735 m2

Area = Side x Side (Square) Provide a 2.8 m x
Side = √ Area 2.8 m square
S = √ 7.735 = 2.78 m base

To get the depth of the base you can decide to assume a ratio of
plan depth is 1:3 i.e. The depth is a third of the base plan.
D=950mm
Depth = 2.8⁄3 = 0.93 m = 950 mm

OR {Rankines formulae}
H= qu ⁄Ɣ (1 − sinØ |1 + sinØ)

Where;
qu = Soil Ultimate Bearing Capacity (KN/m2)
Ɣ = Soil Density (20 KN/m3)
Ø = Angle of repose (300)
H = 200KN/m2⁄20 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3 {1 − sin 30⁄1 + sin30 } H = 3.33m

OR {Punching Shear}
Where;

Clause 3.4.5.8 Perimeter of Column = 2 (L+W) = 2 (400 mm + 200mm) p= 1200mm

Pg 32 shear stress (v) is 0.8 √Fcu 4N/mm2 So that; -
D= N X 103/ (Column [Perimeter x v)
=1547.05KN/(1200mmx4N/mm2)
=322.302mm
H=D + Cover +Bar dia/2
=322.302mm+50mm+16/2
=380.302mm Say 500mm

16
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

SIZING OF BASE FOOTING

{CC3/CC2}

Plan Area of Base = 𝑁⁄𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

1937.65KN⁄200 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2 = 9.69 m2

Area = Side x Side (Square) Provide a 3.2 m x
Side = √ Area 3.2 m square
S = √ 9.69 = 3.11 m base

To get the depth of the base you can decide to assume a ratio of
plan depth is 1:3 i.e. The depth is a third of the base plan.
D=1040mm
Depth = 3.2⁄3 = 1.04 m = 1040 mm

OR {Rankines formulae}
H= qu ⁄Ɣ (1 − sinØ |1 + sinØ)

Where;
qu = Soil Ultimate Bearing Capacity (KN/m2)
Ɣ = Soil Density (20 KN/m3)
Ø = Angle of repose (300)
H = 200KN/m2⁄20 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3 {1 − sin 30⁄1 + sin30 } H = 3.33m

OR {Punching Shear}
Where;

Perimeter of Column = 2 (L+W) = 2 (400 mm + 200mm) p= 1200mm

Clause 3.4.5.8 shear stress (v) is 0.8 √Fcu 4N/mm2 So that; -
Pg 32 D= N/(Column [Perimeter x v)
=1937.65KN/(1200mmx4N/mm2)
=403.677mm
H=D + Cover +Bar dia/2
=403.677mm+50mm+16/2 Say 500mm
=461.677mm

17
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

STAIR DESIGN

Cover 25mm, Assumed Bar diameter 12mm, Riser150mm, Tread

300mm, FCU25N/mm2, FYY500N/mm2, Waist 150mm,1200mm
landing, 1200mm stair width.
10Risers in each flight
10Treads in each flight

Loading
Dead Load
Self-weight = 0.15x24=3.6KN/m2
Imposed load=2KN/m2
Ultimate load(W)= 1.4gk+1.6qk W=8.24KN/m
=1.4(3.6) +1.6(2) =8.24KN/m
M=15.67KN/m
M=WL2/8 =8.24X3.92/8 = 15.67KN/m

Main Steel

K=M/FCUbd2 =15.67KN/m X 106/25N/mm2x1000x1502

=0.02839<0.156

Z=d(0.5+√0.25-k/0.9) = d (0.5+√0.25-0.02839/0.9)
= 0.967d>0.95d Hence use 0.95d
As=M/0.87FYZ =15.67KN/m X 106/0.87x500x0.95x150
As=252.7929mm
=252.7929mm
Secondary steel
As min = 0.13%bh

As min = 0.13%x1000x150mm
As Min=195mm
=195mm

18
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

TRUSS DESIGN

DATA
Span=12.5m W=12.5m
Spacing=4.5m H=15m
GI Sheet=0.2KN/m2
Height of eaves above GL=15m
Purlins placed at panel points

Height of king post tan Q=Opp /Adj

=6.25tan300=3.61m H=3.6m
Q=Tan-1 (3.6/6.25) = 290 Say 300 Q=300

DESIGN LOADS
Total dead load=GI Sheet + Purlin self-weight
GI Sheet =0.2KN/m X Span(2.5m) =0.5KN/m Total Dead
Purlin=0.075m x 0.05m x 5KN/m3=0.01875KN/m Say 0.5KN/m
BS6399
Table 1 Imposed=1.5KN/m2

19
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
CP3 – Part 2-
1972 Vs=V X S1 X S2 X S3
Clause 5.1
pg6 V=28m/s
Clause 5.4 S1=1
Table 3 pg11 S2=1.00
Clause 5.6 S3=1
Vs=28m/s x 1 x 1.0 x 1=28m/s Vs=28m/s
Clause 6 Q=KVS2
pg13 =0.613N/m2X282 =480.592N/m2/103
=0.48KN/m2 Q=0.48KN/m

Clause 7.2 F=(CPe - Cpi) qA

Pg16
Wind Coefficients
Table 8 Internal wind pressure coefficient Cpi=+-0.2
External wind pressure coefficient Cpe=?

H/W=15/12.5=1.2 =1.2

½<H/W<3/2
Roof Angle 300

Q=00 Q=900
EF GH EG FH
-0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8

For 00
Case 1: - External and Internal Suction (-0.2)
On windward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.2-(-0.2) = 0
On Leeward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.5-(-0.2) =-0.3
Case 2: - External and internal pressure (+0.2)
On windward side =Cpe-Cpi -0.2-(0.2) =-0.4
On Leeward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.5-(0.2)=-0.7

For 900
Case 1: - External and Internal Suction (-0.2)
On windward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.8-(-0.2) = -0.6
On Leeward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.8-(-0.2) = -0.6
Case 2: - External and internal pressure (+0.2)
On windward side =Cpe-Cpi -0.8-(0.2) =-1
On Leeward rafter=Cpe-Cpi -0.8-(0.2)=-1

Maximum coefficient(F)=-1
=-1 x 0.48KN/m x 2.4m F=-1.152KN/m
=-1.152KN/m

20
REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

LOADS SUMMARY
Total dead=0.51875KN/m
Imposed=1.5KN/m
Truss self-weight =0.1m x 0.05m x 5KN/m3=0.025KN/m
Fixing=0.005KN/m

Serious Total dead=0.51875+0.025+0.005=0.54875KN/m

Dead load=0.54875KN/m D=0.54875KN/m

Imposed load=1.5KN/m Im=1.5KN/m

Load combination
1.4gk + 1.6qk + 1.2wk
1.4(0.54875) + 1.6(1.5) + 1.2(-1.152) = 1.78585KN/m W= 1.79KN/m

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REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

STRIP FOUNDATION

INTERNAL STRIP FOUNDATION

Assuming 600x200mm strip footing
Span 5m
Loading; -

Self – weight=0.6mx0.2mx24KN/m3= 2.88KN/m

foundation walling=1.5m
Ground to eaves = 2.85m x 5Floors= 14.25m
Total height=1.5m + 14.25m = 15.75m H=15.75m

Wall loading=15.75m x 0.2m x 20KN/m3 = 63KN/m =63KN/m

Loading For Beams; -

2.688KN/m

Total loading=63KN/m + 2.688KN/m= 65.688KN/m =65.688KN/m

Ultimate load =1.4gk

=1.4(65.688)
W =91.9632KN/m W=91.9632KN/m

Assuming a soil bearing capacity of 200KN/m2 SBC=200KN/m2

Plan area =W/SBC

Plan area =91.9632KN/m/200KN/m2 = 0.4598m Say 0.6m =0.6m

Depth; -

Perimeter of Wall = 2 (L+W) = 2 (1000 mm + 200mm)

=2400mm P=2400mm
shear stress (v) is 0.8 √Fcu 4N/mm2 So that; - V=4N/mm2
D= N / (Column [Perimeter x v)
=91.9632KN/m/ (2400mmx4N/mm2)
=9.5795mm D=9.5795mm
H=D + Cover +Bar dia/2
=9.5795mm+50mm+16/2
=67.57mm H=200mm
Say 200mm

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REFERENCES LOAD CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EXTERNAL STRIP FOUNDATION

Assuming 600x200mm strip footing

Span 5m
Loading; -

Self – weight=0.6mx0.2mx24KN/m3= 2.88KN/m

foundation walling=1.5m
Ground to ceiling=2.85m x 5Floors= 14.25m
Total height=1.5m + 14.25m = 15.75KN/m H=15.75m

Wall loading=15.75m x 0.2m x 20KN/m3 = 63KN/m =63KN/m

Loading For Beams; -

2.688KN/m

Total loading=63KN/m + 2.688KN/m= 65.688KN/m =65.688KN/m

Ultimate load =1.4gk

=1.4(65.688)
W =91.9632KN/m W=91.9632KN/m

Assuming a soil bearing capacity of 200KN/m2 SBC=200KN/m2

Plan area =W/SBC

Plan area =91.9632KN/m/200KN/m2 = 0.4598m Say 0.6m =0.6m

Depth; -

Perimeter of Wall = 2 (L+W) = 2 (1000 mm + 200mm)

=2400mm P=2400mm
shear stress (v) is 0.8 √Fcu 4N/mm2 So that; - V=4N/mm2
D= N/(Column [Perimeter x v)
=91.9632KN/m/ (2400mmx4N/mm2)
=9.5795mm D=9.5795mm
H=D + Cover +Bar dia/2
=9.5795mm+50mm+16/2
=67.57mm H=200mm
Say 200mm

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