Development (Prashant Kirad)

CLASS 10 NOTES
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Development
PRASHANT KIRAD
PRASHANT KIRAD
Development
Development is the process of growing and becoming better.
Different people seek different things each one of them has a different
priorities and they have different goals for development.
Example: A girl expects equal freedom and opportunities like her brother.
So, we can conclude that:
Different people have different developmental goals.
what may be development for one may not be development for the other.
For Example: To get more electricity, an industrialist may want more dams.
But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of displaced people,
such as tribes.
Income and other goals :-
D
RA
A person has two types of developmental goal:
1) Material Things - money, car, house, etc.
KI
2) Non-material Things - freedom, friends, equality, respect, etc.
People prefer to earn more income to fulfil their daily requirements of life,
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However, this is not the only component.

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They want, equal treatment, freedom, education opportunities, security and

respect for their jobs, peace, A pollution-free environment and, so on...
H
National development
AS
National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the

PR
standard of living of its citizens.

The standard of living of citizens depends on per capita income, gross
domestic product, literacy rate, health system, infant mortality rate etc.
How to compare different countries or state.
The total income of a country is the main criterion for comparing a
developed country with an underdeveloped one. Countries with higher income
are more developed than other countries as more income means more of all
the things that a human being needs.
Per Capita Income: Per capita income of a country is the average income
per person, calculated by dividing the total national income by the
population.
Total income
= Perincome
capita E.M.A
Total Population
JOSH METER?
PRASHANT KIRAD
Infant mortality rate:

Number of children that die before the age of one year in proportion to 1000
live children born in that particular year.
Literacy rate:
Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7-and-above
age group.
Net attendance ratio
Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15
years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same
age group.
Public facilities E.M.A
Facilities provided by the government are considered public facilities such
as Schools, Hospitals, Transport, electricity, etc.
Individuals need public facilities, Not everything can be bought with money
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such as we cannot buy a pollution-free environment with the help of money.
Public facilities also include the PDS system (Public Distribution System) for
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those unable to purchase food grains at market price. The government
provides them, with those essential items at a cheap rate.
KI
Kerala is the preferred living destination because of:
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Kerala’s Low Infant Mortality Rate. Adequate provision of basic health facilities.
AN
Kerala’s effective public distribution system. Kerala's proper education facilities.

H
Human development report published by UNDP

Human Development compares countries based on the education levels
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of the people, and their health.

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Per capita income
Literacy rate
Life expectancy
Body mass index (BMI) Is used to indicate the health of the body if a person
is overweight or underweight, 18-25 is normal range.
Life expectancy: Life Expectancy at birth denotes
Weight (in Kg)
the expected length of life of a person at the time E.M.A
Height ^2(in n)
of birth.
Sustainability of development
Refers to the development of human beings at the same time sustaining the
ability of natural resources.
PRASHANT KIRAD
Groundwater is an example of a renewable resource.
For the sustainability of development, we have to minimise our needs and also
have to reduce our dependency on nature.
Top 7 Questions
Q1. What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
Explain with suitable examples.
Ans: Different people have different notions of development because the life
situations of people are different. For example, the construction of a dam leads
to the generation of hydroelectricity, this development. However disastrous for
many people who have been displaced from their villages. Hence it may not
develop for them.
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Q2. What is body mass index?
RA
Ans: Body mass index (BMI) is an international standard used to determine
whether an adult is undernourished or not.
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If we divide a person's weight by the square of his/her height. We get a ratio
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called body mass index. Nourished person's BMI is 18-25.

AN
BMI- Weight/ Height^2 in m.

Q3. Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of
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our lives.
AS
Ans: While income is an important factor for a good standard of living, several
other aspects are equally crucial for our overall well-being:
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Education: Access to quality education enables people to acquire knowledge and

skills.
Healthcare: Good health is essential, and without access to proper healthcare,
even those with high incomes may face poor health outcomes.
Safety and Security: A safe environment, free from violence and crime, is
essential. High income holds less value if personal safety is at risk.
Freedom and Equality: The ability to express opinions and live without
discrimination is crucial for life satisfaction.
Environmental Quality: Clean air, water, and a pollution-free environment are
vital for a healthy life.
Q4. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for
development? Explain.
Pointers yaad
rakhna, important h!
PRASHANT KIRAD
Ans: It is an important criterion because it tells us what a person is likely to
earn and also gives an idea about his living.
The prosperity of a country depends not only on its income but also on the no.
of People who would share it.
However, average income alone does not provide a complete picture of
development. It's essential to consider income distribution; if a small number
of people hold most of the wealth, the average may be misleading. In India,
despite a growing average income, the disparity in wealth distribution means
that many still live in poverty. Thus, while average income is a useful indicator,
it must be evaluated alongside other factors to understand true development.
Q5. Define sustainability of development.
Ans: Sustainability of development means the development should take place in
the present without damaging the environment.
Development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the
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future.
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The resources should be used in such a way that environment balance is also
maintained.
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There is a limited stock of natural resources if they are not used judiciously
then there will be nothing left for future generations.
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Q6. Define human development goals.

AN
Ans: There are many types of human development goals like:

H
For rich farmers, development means higher support prices of crops, cheap
labour etc.
AS
For a landless farmer, the aim/goal will be more days of work, school for
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their children and no social discrimination.

For tribal community members, their goal would be no discrimination,
education, school etc.
For an urban girl, from a rich family, free to choose her profession or be
independent.
Q7. Which countries are known as rich countries based on per capita income?
Ans: Countries with Per Capita Income of more than US $ 12,236 per annum
are known as rich based on per capita income.
“Class 10th Phodenge”

- Prashant Bhaiya

Development (Prashant Kirad)

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CLASS 10 NOTES

However, this is not the only component.

They want, equal treatment, freedom, education opportunities, security and

National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the

standard of living of its citizens.

Infant mortality rate:

Kerala’s effective public distribution system. Kerala's proper education facilities.

Human development report published by UNDP

of the people, and their health.

Per capita income

called body mass index. Nourished person's BMI is 18-25.

BMI- Weight/ Height^2 in m.

Education: Access to quality education enables people to acquire knowledge and

Q6. Define human development goals.

Ans: There are many types of human development goals like:

their children and no social discrimination.

“Class 10th Phodenge”

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