i
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled, “UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI

EXTRACT IN ANT REPELLENT CHALK PRODUCTION” prepared and
submitted by GIRLYN GRACE R. ESAGA, DECELYN B. HUMALATAG,
IDEELYN R. QUIGAO, and ROSELYN V. USARES, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION is hereby ACCEPTED.
STUDENT RESEARCH COMMITTEE
JAZTINE C. CATINDOY, MTE

Adviser
RYAN C. NEGROS, MM, MTE MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

Member Member
RECOMMENDED for acceptance as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD
EDUCATION Major in Home Economics
MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

Head, BTLEd Department
ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION Major in
Home Economics
GWENDOLYN C. TATOY, DBA

College Dean
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is worthwhile and God giving strength that the researchers have
almost finished their undergraduate programme, the Bachelor of Science in
Technology and Livelihood Education. Completing such a programme is a
huge accomplishment. The researcher would like to toast to everyone who
has accompanied them on this amazing journey.
The researcher must first express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Maricris
Estubio Ph.D who has played a crucial role in their success during the
previous research semesters. The researcher consider themselves
tremendously lucky to have had the assistance and mentoring of a reputable
professor of her calibre. These three make up the greatest research panel
and adviser in the department: Sir Ryan C. Negros, and Ma’am Jaztine C.
Catindoy. The researcher are thankful that you were by their side while the
researcher overcame the difficulties and enjoyed the professional attribution
to their studies.
To Sir Roger Barreto, the researcher wanted to take a moment to
express their gratitude for your invaluable support and assistance throughout
the process of completing their thesis. Your expertise as a data analyst has
played a crucial role in the success of their research.
Your unwavering support and faith in them have been a guiding light,
like a silent, beautiful illumination of Jesus in their hearts. Your continuous
assistance and belief in their abilities have been truly invaluable. As the
researcher, they cannot express enough the profound impact your guidance
and mentorship have had on their journey. You have been a source of
iii
inspiration and a role model, shaping their path with your wisdom and care.
They are deeply grateful for all the guidance, support, and blessings you have
bestowed upon them, even those that may have been hidden from their view.
Finally, the researcher would want to sincerely thank their parents,
loved ones, relatives, and scholarship sponsors. Your warmth and love have
kept them going through many late hours and early mornings, giving them the
moral, financial, and spiritual support they need. They appreciate you. They
have all been a devoted reminder that life is full of serious attention
interspersed with enticing breaks, drawing them away from the computer with
regular outdoor fun with their co-researchers and dedicated companions.

iv
Abstract
Title: UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACTIN

ANT REPELLENT CHALK PRODUCTION
Researchers: Esaga, Girlyn Grace R.

Humalatag, Decelyn B.
Quigao, Ideelyn R.
Usares, Roselyn V.
Degree: Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education Major

in Home Economics
School: Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus
Adviser: Jaztine C. Catindoy MTE
Date Completed: May 2024
This study aimed to produce ant repellent chalk utilizing Averrhoa

bilimbi fruit juice extract as ant repellent in different ratios (T1=25mL,
T2=50mL, T3=75mL), tested in three trials among common household fire ants
Solenopsis Invicta using candies as bait. The efficiency repelling effect is
measured using before and after observations calculated with Paired t-test.
The physical characteristics as to dust attributes, odour, and hardness is
assessed via Likert’s scale perception of consumers. The estimated cost per
chalk (1 cm diameter by 6.5 cm) is also computed. The results show that
Averrhoa bilimbi Pest Repellent is safe for consumers, has a typical mineral
hardness of chalk, is easily erased, and is effective when at least 75mL of the
plant extract is used as the active ingredient. The chalk repellent not only
effectively addresses dust markings and fades over time but also triggers a
repellent reaction through ants' odor detection threshold. To further gauge the
extent of its repellent effect, conducting more trials with a wider array of ant
species is recommended. Moreover, in addition to its application in
conventional laboratory tests for further toxicity studies, the design of its
packaging can be seamlessly and cost-effectively incorporated for practical
use.
Keyword: insects, repellent, pesticides, Averrhoa bilimbi, Solenopsis Invicta

v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of Study 4
Scope and Delimitation 4
Definition of Terms 5
Conceptual Framework of the Study 6
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHOD
Research Experimental Design 23
Research Flow 24
Needed Materials and Equipment 25
Research Procedure 26
Data Gathering Procedures 31
Research Instrument 32
Statistical Treatment of Data 33
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATIONS OF RESULTS AND 34

DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND 42

RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Research Tools and Equipment Used in 26

Making Chalk Production
2 Ingredients Used 26
3 Repelling Effects Before and After Treatments 35

Experiment of Banana Peel Wafer
4 Chalk Dust Attributes of Averrhoa Bilimbi 40

Pest Repellent
5 Odour Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 41

Pest Repellent
6 Hardness Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 42

Pest Repellent
7 Costing of Ant Repellent Chalk 43

vii
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 8
Figure 2. Research Flow 25
Figure 3. Collecting Raw Averrhoa Bilimbi 27
Figure 4. Washing and Cleaning the Averrhoa Bilimbi 27
Figure 5. Checking the Materials and Tools 28
Figure 6. Blending the Averrhoa Bilimbi 28
Figure 7. Squeezing the Averrhoa Bilimbi 29
Figure 8. Mixing the Ingredients 29
Figure 9. Moulding into Chalk 30
Figure 10. Sun Drying the Repellent Moulded Chalk 30

viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
PAGE
APPENDIX A: Permit to Conduct 49

Waiver Form 50
Approval for Oral Defense 51
APPENDIX B: Research Tools 52
APPENDIX C: Research Questionnaires 55
APPENDIX D. Ingredients Used in Ant-Repellent 57
Chalk Production
APPENDIX E: Location Map 58

APPENDIX F: Research Documentation 59
APPENDIX G: Research Procedures 61
APPENDIX H: Report of Grammarly 66
APPENDIX I: Curriculum Vitae 67

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i

This thesis entitled, “UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI

STUDENT RESEARCH COMMITTEE

JAZTINE C. CATINDOY, MTE

RYAN C. NEGROS, MM, MTE MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

RECOMMENDED for acceptance as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

GWENDOLYN C. TATOY, DBA

It is worthwhile and God giving strength that the researchers have

almost finished their undergraduate programme, the Bachelor of Science in

Technology and Livelihood Education. Completing such a programme is a

huge accomplishment. The researcher would like to toast to everyone who

has accompanied them on this amazing journey.

previous research semesters. The researcher consider themselves

tremendously lucky to have had the assistance and mentoring of a reputable

researcher overcame the difficulties and enjoyed the professional attribution

To Sir Roger Barreto, the researcher wanted to take a moment to

played a crucial role in the success of their research.

like a silent, beautiful illumination of Jesus in their hearts. Your continuous

Finally, the researcher would want to sincerely thank their parents,

regular outdoor fun with their co-researchers and dedicated companions.

Title: UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACTIN

Researchers: Esaga, Girlyn Grace R.

Degree: Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education Major

School: Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus

Adviser: Jaztine C. Catindoy MTE

Date Completed: May 2024

This study aimed to produce ant repellent chalk utilizing Averrhoa

Keyword: insects, repellent, pesticides, Averrhoa bilimbi, Solenopsis Invicta

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATIONS OF RESULTS AND 34

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND 42

1 Research Tools and Equipment Used in 26

3 Repelling Effects Before and After Treatments 35

4 Chalk Dust Attributes of Averrhoa Bilimbi 40

5 Odour Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 41

6 Hardness Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 42

7 Costing of Ant Repellent Chalk 43

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 8

Figure 2. Research Flow 25

Figure 3. Collecting Raw Averrhoa Bilimbi 27

Figure 4. Washing and Cleaning the Averrhoa Bilimbi 27

Figure 5. Checking the Materials and Tools 28

Figure 6. Blending the Averrhoa Bilimbi 28

Figure 7. Squeezing the Averrhoa Bilimbi 29

Figure 8. Mixing the Ingredients 29

Figure 9. Moulding into Chalk 30

Figure 10. Sun Drying the Repellent Moulded Chalk 30

APPENDIX A: Permit to Conduct 49

APPENDIX E: Location Map 58

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