TABLE OF CONTENTS CHALK

i
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled, “UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI

EXTRACT IN ANT REPELLENT CHALK PRODUCTION” prepared and
submitted by GIRLYN GRACE R. ESAGA, DECELYN B. HUMALATAG,
IDEELYN R. QUIGAO, and ROSELYN V. USARES, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION is hereby ACCEPTED.
STUDENT RESEARCH COMMITTEE
JAZTINE C. CATINDOY, MTE

Adviser
RYAN C. NEGROS, MM, MTE MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

Member Member
RECOMMENDED for acceptance as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD
EDUCATION Major in Home Economics
MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

Head, BTLEd Department
ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION Major in
Home Economics
GWENDOLYN C. TATOY, DBA

College Dean
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is worthwhile and God-given strength that the researchers have
completed their undergraduate program, the Bachelor of Science in
Technology and Livelihood Education. Completing such a programme is an
enormous accomplishment. The researcher would like to toast everyone who
has joined them on this incredible journey.
The researchers express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Maricris Estubio
Ph.D who has played a crucial role in their success during the previous
research semesters. The researchers consider themselves tremendously
lucky to have had the assistance and mentoring of a reputable professor of
her calibre. These three make up the greatest research panel and adviser in
the department: Sir Ryan C. Negros, and Ma’am Jaztine C. Catindoy. The
researchers are thankful that you were by their side while the researcher
overcame the difficulties and enjoyed the professional attribution to their
studies.
The researchers are grateful to Sir Roger Barreto for his invaluable
support and assistance throughout the process of completing their thesis. His
expertise as a data analyst has played a crucial role in the success of their
research.
Your unwavering support and faith in them have been a guiding light,
like a silent, beautiful illumination of Jesus in their hearts. Your continuous
assistance and belief in their abilities have been truly invaluable. As the
researcher, they cannot express enough the profound impact your guidance
and mentorship have had on their journey. You have been a source of
iii
inspiration and a role model, shaping their path with your wisdom and care.
They are deeply grateful for all the guidance, support, and blessings you have
bestowed upon them, even those that may have been hidden from their view.
Finally, the researchers wanted to sincerely thank their parents, loved
ones, relatives, and scholarship sponsors. Your warmth and love have kept
them going through many late hours and early mornings, giving them the
moral, financial, and spiritual support, they need. They appreciate you. They
have all been a devoted reminder that life is full of serious attention
interspersed with enticing breaks, drawing them away from the computer with
regular outdoor fun with their co-researchers and dedicated companions.

iv
Abstract
Title: UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACT IN

ANT REPELLENT CHALK PRODUCTION
Researchers: Esaga, Girlyn Grace R.

Humalatag, Decelyn B.
Quigao, Ideelyn R.
Usares, Roselyn V.
Degree: Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education Major

in Home Economics
School: Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus
Adviser: Jaztine C. Catindoy MTE
Date Completed: May 2024
This study aimed to produce ant repellent chalk utilizing Averrhoa

bilimbi fruit juice extract as ant repellent in different ratios (T1=25mL,
T2=50mL, T3=75mL), tested in three trials among common household fire ants
Solenopsis Invicta using candies as bait. The efficiency repelling effect is
measured using before and after observations calculated with Paired t-test.
The physical characteristics as to dust attributes, odour, and hardness is
assessed via Likert’s scale perception of consumers. The estimated cost per
chalk (1 cm diameter by 6.5 cm) is also computed. The results shown that
Averrhoa bilimbi Pest Repellent is safe for consumers, has a typical mineral
hardness of chalk, is easily erased, and is effective when at least 75mL of the
plant extract is used as the active ingredient. The chalk repellent not only
effectively addresses dust markings and fades over time but also triggers a
repellent reaction through ants' odor detection threshold. To further gauge the
extent of its repellent effect, conducting more trials with a wider array of ant
species is recommended. Moreover, in addition to its application in
conventional laboratory tests for further toxicity studies, the design of its
packaging can be seamlessly and cost-effectively incorporated for practical
use.
Keyword: insects, repellent, pesticides, Averrhoa bilimbi, Solenopsis Invicta

v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of Study 4
Scope and Delimitation 5
Definition of Terms 5
Conceptual Framework of the Study 6
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHOD
Research Experimental Design 23
Research Flow 24
Needed Materials and Equipment 25
Research Procedure 26
Data Gathering Procedures 31
Research Instrument 32
Statistical Treatment of Data 33
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATIONS OF RESULTS AND 34

DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND 42

RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Research Tools and Equipment Used in 26

Making Chalk Production
2 Ingredients Used 26
3 Repelling Effects Before and After Treatments

35
Experiment of Banana Peel Wafer
4 Chalk Dust Attributes of Averrhoa Bilimbi 40

Pest Repellent
5 Odour Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 41

Pest Repellent
6 Hardness Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 42

Pest Repellent
7 Costing of Ant Repellent Chalk 43

vii
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 8
Figure 2. Research Flow 25
Figure 3. Collecting Raw Averrhoa Bilimbi 27
Figure 4. Washing and Cleaning the Averrhoa Bilimbi 27
Figure 5. Checking the Materials and Tools 28
Figure 6. Blending the Averrhoa Bilimbi 28
Figure 7. Squeezing the Averrhoa Bilimbi 29
Figure 8. Mixing the Ingredients 29
Figure 9. Moulding into Chalk 30
Figure 10. Sun Drying the Repellent Moulded Chalk 30

viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
PAGE
APPENDIX A: Transmittal Letter 48

APPENDIX B: Research Tools 49
APPENDIX C: Research Questionnaires 52
APPENDIX D. Ingredients Used in Ant-Repellent 54
Chalk Production
APPENDIX E: Location Map 55

APPENDIX F: Research Documentation 56
APPENDIX G: Research Procedures 58
APPENDIX H: Report of Grammarly 63
APPENDIX I: Curriculum Vitae 64
ix

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i

This thesis entitled, “UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI

STUDENT RESEARCH COMMITTEE

JAZTINE C. CATINDOY, MTE

RYAN C. NEGROS, MM, MTE MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

RECOMMENDED for acceptance as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

MARICRIS S. ESTUBIO, EdD

ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

GWENDOLYN C. TATOY, DBA

It is worthwhile and God-given strength that the researchers have

completed their undergraduate program, the Bachelor of Science in

Technology and Livelihood Education. Completing such a programme is an

enormous accomplishment. The researcher would like to toast everyone who

has joined them on this incredible journey.

The researchers express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Maricris Estubio

research semesters. The researchers consider themselves tremendously

lucky to have had the assistance and mentoring of a reputable professor of

overcame the difficulties and enjoyed the professional attribution to their

like a silent, beautiful illumination of Jesus in their hearts. Your continuous

Finally, the researchers wanted to sincerely thank their parents, loved

regular outdoor fun with their co-researchers and dedicated companions.

Title: UTILIZATION OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACT IN

Researchers: Esaga, Girlyn Grace R.

Degree: Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education Major

School: Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus

Adviser: Jaztine C. Catindoy MTE

Date Completed: May 2024

This study aimed to produce ant repellent chalk utilizing Averrhoa

Keyword: insects, repellent, pesticides, Averrhoa bilimbi, Solenopsis Invicta

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATIONS OF RESULTS AND 34

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND 42

1 Research Tools and Equipment Used in 26

3 Repelling Effects Before and After Treatments

4 Chalk Dust Attributes of Averrhoa Bilimbi 40

5 Odour Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 41

6 Hardness Characteristics of Averrhoa Bilimbi 42

7 Costing of Ant Repellent Chalk 43

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 8

Figure 2. Research Flow 25

Figure 3. Collecting Raw Averrhoa Bilimbi 27

Figure 4. Washing and Cleaning the Averrhoa Bilimbi 27

Figure 5. Checking the Materials and Tools 28

Figure 6. Blending the Averrhoa Bilimbi 28

Figure 7. Squeezing the Averrhoa Bilimbi 29

Figure 8. Mixing the Ingredients 29

Figure 9. Moulding into Chalk 30

Figure 10. Sun Drying the Repellent Moulded Chalk 30

APPENDIX A: Transmittal Letter 48

APPENDIX E: Location Map 55

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