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    of 10

    What is the output of the following C code?

    c
    Copy code
    int x = 5;
    printf("%d", x++);

    1.
    ○ a) 4
    ○ b) 5
    ○ c) 6
    ○ d) Compilation Error
    Answer: b) 5
    2. What is the size of an int in C?
    ○ a) 2 bytes
    ○ b) 4 bytes
    ○ c) Depends on the platform
    ○ d) 8 bytes
    Answer: c) Depends on the platform
    3. Which of the following is a valid declaration of a pointer?
    ○ a) int *ptr;
    ○ b) int ptr*;
    ○ c) *int ptr;
    ○ d) None of the above
    Answer: a) int *ptr;
    4. Which sorting algorithm is the fastest in the average case?
    ○ a) Bubble Sort
    ○ b) Quick Sort
    ○ c) Merge Sort
    ○ d) Insertion Sort
    Answer: b) Quick Sort
    5. What is the time complexity of searching an element in a Binary Search Tree
    (BST) in the worst case?
    ○ a) O(log n)
    ○ b) O(n)
    ○ c) O(n log n)
    ○ d) O(1)
    Answer: b) O(n)

    What is the output of the following Python code?


    python
    Copy code
    list = [1, 2, 3]
    print(list[1:2])

    6.
    ○ a) [1, 2]
    ○ b) [1]
    ○ c) [2]
    ○ d) [2, 3]
    Answer: c) [2]

    Data Structures

    7. What is the time complexity of inserting an element at the end of an array


    (without resizing)?
    ○ a) O(n)
    ○ b) O(log n)
    ○ c) O(1)
    ○ d) O(n log n)
    Answer: c) O(1)
    8. Which data structure uses a First In First Out (FIFO) approach?
    ○ a) Stack
    ○ b) Queue
    ○ c) Array
    ○ d) Linked List
    Answer: b) Queue
    9. What is the time complexity of removing an element from the head of a singly
    linked list?
    ○ a) O(n)
    ○ b) O(log n)
    ○ c) O(1)
    ○ d) O(n^2)
    Answer: c) O(1)
    10. Which of the following data structures allows efficient O(1) average time
    complexity for insertion and deletion?
    ○ a) Stack
    ○ b) Queue
    ○ c) Hash Table
    ○ d) Binary Tree
    Answer: c) Hash Table
    11. In which scenario does the time complexity of binary search degrade to O(n)?
    ○ a) Sorted array
    ○ b) Unsorted array
    ○ c) Binary search never degrades
    ○ d) Linked list
    Answer: d) Linked list

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    12. Which of the following is not a property of OOP?


    ○ a) Encapsulation
    ○ b) Inheritance
    ○ c) Polymorphism
    ○ d) Compilation
    Answer: d) Compilation
    13. What is it called when an object has multiple forms (such as a class having
    multiple methods with the same name but different arguments)?
    ○ a) Encapsulation
    ○ b) Abstraction
    ○ c) Inheritance
    ○ d) Polymorphism
    Answer: d) Polymorphism
    14. Which OOP principle focuses on hiding internal details of objects and
    exposing only what’s necessary?
    ○ a) Encapsulation
    ○ b) Inheritance
    ○ c) Abstraction
    ○ d) Polymorphism
    Answer: a) Encapsulation
    15. Which of the following is a feature of abstraction in OOP?
    ○ a) Providing implementation details
    ○ b) Hiding unnecessary details
    ○ c) Inheritance
    ○ d) Memory management
    Answer: b) Hiding unnecessary details

    Database Management Systems (DBMS)

    16. Which of the following SQL clauses is used to fetch unique records from a
    table?
    ○ a) SELECT DISTINCT
    ○ b) SELECT UNIQUE
    ○ c) SELECT PRIMARY
    ○ d) SELECT DIFFERENT
    Answer: a) SELECT DISTINCT
    17. What is the purpose of the JOIN operation in SQL?
    ○ a) To combine rows from two or more tables
    ○ b) To delete records
    ○ c) To filter records
    ○ d) To update records
    Answer: a) To combine rows from two or more tables
    18. What is the primary key used for in a database?
    ○ a) To store large data types
    ○ b) To uniquely identify each record
    ○ c) To relate two tables
    ○ d) To store sequential data
    Answer: b) To uniquely identify each record
    What is the output of the following SQL query?
    sql
    Copy code
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees WHERE age > 30;

    19.
    ○ a) A list of employees with age greater than 30
    ○ b) The count of employees with age greater than 30
    ○ c) Employees sorted by age
    ○ d) None of the above
    Answer: b) The count of employees with age greater than 30
    20. Which normal form eliminates partial dependency?
    ○ a) First Normal Form (1NF)
    ○ b) Second Normal Form (2NF)
    ○ c) Third Normal Form (3NF)
    ○ d) Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
    Answer: b) Second Normal Form (2NF)

    Operating Systems

    21. What is a deadlock in an operating system?


    ○ a) A process terminates unexpectedly
    ○ b) Multiple processes wait for each other to release resources
    ○ c) A process completes its execution
    ○ d) None of the above
    Answer: b) Multiple processes wait for each other to release resources
    22. Which of the following scheduling algorithms is non-preemptive?
    ○ a) Round Robin
    ○ b) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
    ○ c) Shortest Remaining Time First
    ○ d) Multilevel Queue
    Answer: b) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
    23. What is the role of the memory management unit (MMU)?
    ○ a) Manages process scheduling
    ○ b) Translates logical addresses to physical addresses
    ○ c) Manages files on the disk
    ○ d) Allocates CPU to processes
    Answer: b) Translates logical addresses to physical addresses

    Networking

    24. What does TCP stand for?


    ○ a) Transfer Communication Protocol
    ○ b) Transmission Control Protocol
    ○ c) Transmission Common Protocol
    ○ d) None of the above
    Answer: b) Transmission Control Protocol
    25. In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for routing?
    ○ a) Physical layer
    ○ b) Data link layer
    ○ c) Network layer
    ○ d) Transport layer
    Answer: c) Network layer

    Cloud Computing

    26. Which of the following is not a type of cloud service model?


    ○ a) IaaS
    ○ b) PaaS
    ○ c) SaaS
    ○ d) FaaS
    Answer: d) FaaS
    27. What is the benefit of using cloud computing?
    ○ a) Cost reduction
    ○ b) Scalability
    ○ c) Resource optimization
    ○ d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
    28. Which of the following is a cloud platform?
    ○ a) Google Cloud
    ○ b) Oracle
    ○ c) Facebook
    ○ d) Netflix
    Answer: a) Google Cloud

    29. What is the output of the following C++ code?


    cpp
    Copy code
    int a = 5, b = 10;
    a = a + b - (b = a);
    cout << a << " " << b;

    ● a) 5 10
    ● b) 10 5
    ● c) 0 10
    ● d) 15 5
    Answer: d) 15 5

    30. In Java, which of the following is a correct way to declare a 2D array?

    ● a) int[][] arr = new int[10][10];


    ● b) int[10][10] arr;
    ● c) int arr[][] = new int[10][];
    ● d) int arr[10][] = new int[][10];
    Answer: a) int[][] arr = new int[10][10];

    31. Which of the following is an advantage of a doubly linked list over a


    singly linked list?

    ● a) Easier deletion of nodes


    ● b) Requires less memory
    ● c) Faster access to middle elements
    ● d) None of the above
    Answer: a) Easier deletion of nodes

    32. Which data structure is used in recursion?

    ● a) Stack
    ● b) Queue
    ● c) Array
    ● d) Linked List
    Answer: a) Stack

    33. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a linked list?

    ● a) Memory is wasted due to the use of pointers


    ● b) Insertion and deletion operations are slow
    ● c) Access to elements is slow
    ● d) Both b and c
    Answer: c) Access to elements is slow

    34. What is the space complexity of merge sort?


    ● a) O(1)
    ● b) O(n log n)
    ● c) O(log n)
    ● d) O(n)
    Answer: d) O(n)

    35. In Python, what will the following code output?


    python
    Copy code
    x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    print(x[1:4])

    ● a) [1, 2, 3]
    ● b) [2, 3, 4]
    ● c) [2, 3]
    ● d) [3, 4, 5]
    Answer: b) [2, 3, 4]

    36. Which of the following methods is used to allocate memory


    dynamically in C++?

    ● a) malloc()
    ● b) new
    ● c) calloc()
    ● d) realloc()
    Answer: b) new

    37. In which case does the worst-case scenario of Quick Sort occur?

    ● a) When the pivot is the smallest element


    ● b) When the pivot is the largest element
    ● c) When the array is already sorted
    ● d) Both a and b
    Answer: d) Both a and b

    38. What is the advantage of AVL trees over binary search trees (BST)?

    ● a) AVL trees are more balanced, ensuring O(log n) operations


    ● b) AVL trees are faster than BST for all operations
    ● c) AVL trees use less memory than BST
    ● d) None of the above
    Answer: a) AVL trees are more balanced, ensuring O(log n) operations

    39. What is a dangling pointer in C?

    ● a) A pointer that is not initialized


    ● b) A pointer that points to a freed memory location
    ● c) A pointer that points to another pointer
    ● d) A pointer that points to a null value
    Answer: b) A pointer that points to a freed memory location

    40. What is the time complexity of inserting an element in a Max Heap?

    ● a) O(n)
    ● b) O(log n)
    ● c) O(n log n)
    ● d) O(1)
    Answer: b) O(log n)

    41. In SQL, which of the following commands is used to update records


    in a table?

    ● a) UPDATE
    ● b) MODIFY
    ● c) CHANGE
    ● d) INSERT
    Answer: a) UPDATE

    42. What is the ACID property in databases?

    ● a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability


    ● b) Availability, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
    ● c) Atomicity, Currency, Isolation, Durability
    ● d) Availability, Currency, Isolation, Durability
    Answer: a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
    43. Which scheduling algorithm allocates the CPU to the process that
    arrives first?

    ● a) Round Robin
    ● b) Shortest Job First
    ● c) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
    ● d) Priority Scheduling
    Answer: c) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)

    44. Which layer of the OSI model ensures reliable communication?

    ● a) Physical Layer
    ● b) Data Link Layer
    ● c) Network Layer
    ● d) Transport Layer
    Answer: d) Transport Layer

    45. What is the maximum number of children that a binary tree node can
    have?

    ● a) 1
    ● b) 2
    ● c) 3
    ● d) 4
    Answer: b) 2

    46. Which of the following is not a cloud deployment model?

    ● a) Public Cloud
    ● b) Private Cloud
    ● c) Hybrid Cloud
    ● d) Managed Cloud
    Answer: d) Managed Cloud

    47. Which of the following is a benefit of cloud computing?

    ● a) Cost efficiency
    ● b) Scalability
    ● c) Accessibility
    ● d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above

    48. Which of the following is a type of NoSQL database?

    ● a) Relational Database
    ● b) Column-family Store
    ● c) XML Database
    ● d) SQL Database
    Answer: b) Column-family Store

    49. What does DNS stand for in networking?

    ● a) Domain Number System


    ● b) Domain Name Server
    ● c) Domain Name System
    ● d) Data Name System
    Answer: c) Domain Name System

    50. In cloud computing, what does “SaaS” stand for?

    ● a) Software as a System
    ● b) Software and Application Services
    ● c) Software as a Service
    ● d) System as a Service
    Answer: c) Software as a Service

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