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    Secondary Batteries: Sns College of Technology

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    Secondary Batteries: Sns College of Technology

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    1729298085

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    Secondary Batteries: Sns College of Technology

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    of 5

    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

    (An Autonomous Institution)

    Secondary batteries
    Secondary batteries store energy for use in a variety of applications, from consumer electronics
    to large-scale energy storage systems (from mobile phones to electric vehicles).Unlike primary
    (non-rechargeable) batteries, secondary batteries can be recharged many times, making them
    more cost-effective and sustainable.

    In these cells, the electrode reaction can be reversed by passing an external electrical energy.
    Hence, they can be recharged by passing electric current through them and can be used again and
    again. They are also called as storage cells or accumulators.

    Examples

    Lead Acid Battery

    Lithium ion Battery

    Lead Acid Battery

    Lead acid battery can be operated both as a voltaic and electrolytic cell. When it acts as a voltaic
    cell, it supplies electrical energy and run down. When it is recharged, it acts as an electrolytic
    cell. Thus, it is rechargeable.

    Dr. C. SONIA/AP, Chemistry


    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
    (An Autonomous Institution)

    Construction

    A lead storage battery consists of 3 to 6 voltaic cells connected in series. In each cell, lead acts as
    anode and lead dioxide (PbO2) acts as cathode .

    Various plates are separated from the adjacent one by insulator like rubber. Anodes and cathodes
    are immersed in 20 to 21 % dil. H2SO4 having a density of 1.3 gm/ml. The cell representation is
    given below.

    Pb ‫׀‬PbSO4 ‫ ׀׀‬H2SO4 (L) ‫׀‬PbO2 ‫׀‬Pb

    Dr. C. SONIA/AP, Chemistry


    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
    (An Autonomous Institution)

    Working (Discharging)

    When the storage cell is supplying electricity, lead is oxidized to Pb2+ ions and PbSO4 is formed
    at anode. At cathode, PbO2 gains the liberated electrons and gets reduced to Pb2+ and PbSO4 is
    formed.

    At anode:

    Pb (s) Pb 2+(l) + 2e-

    Pb 2+(l ) + SO42- PbSO4(S)

    Pb (s) + SO2-4 (l) PbSO4(s) + 2e-....... (1)

    At cathode:

    PbO2(s) + 2e- +4H+ (l) Pb 2+(l) + 2H2O

    Pb 2+(l) +SO2-4 (l) PbSO4(s)

    PbO2 (s) + 4H+(l) +SO2- (l) + 2e- PbSO4 (s) + 2H2O(s) ......(2)

    Overall cell reaction during (discharging) use (1) + (2)

    Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4(S) + 2H2O+ Energy

    At the time of discharging process, PbSO4 is deposited at both the electrodes and H2SO4 is
    consumed. As a result, the concentration of H2SO4 decreases gradually.

    Dr. C. SONIA/AP, Chemistry


    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
    (An Autonomous Institution)
    Recharging

    The cell is recharged when the density of H2SO4 becomes below 1.2 gm/ml. It can be done by
    applying external electricity across the electrodes. The following reaction will take place during
    recharging process:

    2PbSO4(S) + 2H2O+ Energy charging Pb + PbO2 + 4H2SO4

    Hence, the recharging involves exactly the reverse process of the normal cell reaction.

    Note:

    Decrease in density Decrease in density of dil. H2SO4 can be measured with the help of
    hydrometer.

    Uses

    It is used in automobiles such as cars, buses, etc.

    It is also used in gas engine ignition, telephone exchanger, hospitals, power stations, etc.

    Advantages of lead acid battery

    It can be constructed easily.

    It produces high voltage.

    It acts as effectively even at low temperature.

    Self-discharge is very low when compared to all other batteries.

    Disadvantages

    Recycling of this battery causes environmental pollution.

    Mechanical strain and normal pumping reduces battery capacity.

    Fill in the Blanks

    Type of battery which can be only used once___________

    Type of battery which can be recharged___________

    On charging secondary batteries, the reaction is ___________

    Dr. C. SONIA/AP, Chemistry


    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
    (An Autonomous Institution)
    Thermal plants have more efficiency than fuel cell (True/False___________

    Most commonly used battery in automobiles & inverters___________

    Secondary cells are charged by passing current through it in the _______direction

    Grid of lead packed with ______ as cathode in lead storage battery

    Electrolyte used in lead storage batteries___________

    Another name of dry cell___________

    (LEAD OXIDE, REVERSED, LEAD ACID BATTERY, LECLANCHE, OPPOSITE, PRIMARY,


    SULPHURIC ACID, FALSE, SECONDARY)

    Dr. C. SONIA/AP, Chemistry

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