mms9 Workbook 01 Unit1

MMS9_Prep book_Unit1.1.
qxp 7/7/09 12:35 PM Page 1
UNIT
1 Square Roots and Surface Area
What You’ll Learn
• Find square roots of fractions and decimals that are perfect squares.
• Approximate the square roots of fractions and decimals that are not
perfect squares.
• Find the surface areas of composite objects.
Why It’s Important
Square roots are used by
• police officers, to estimate the speed of a vehicle when it crashed
• vets, to calculate drug dosages
Surface area is used by
• painters, to find the number of cans of paint needed to paint a room
• farmers, to find the amount of fertilizer needed for a field
Key Words
square repeating decimal

square root non-terminating,
perfect square non-repeating decimal
non-perfect square surface area
terminating decimal composite object
1
MMS9_Prep book_Unit1.1.qxp 7/7/09 12:35 PM Page 2
1.1 Skill Builder
Side Lengths and Areas of Squares

The side length and area of a square are related.
• The area is the square of the side • The side length is the square root of
length. the area.
Area (Length)2 Area = 25 square units Length 冪Area
5 units
52 冪 25
55 冪 55
25 5
The area is 25 square units. The side length is 5 units.
Check
1. Which square and square root are modelled by each diagram?
Diagram Square Modelled Square Root Modelled

a) Area = 49 square units
(Length)2 Area 冪 Area Length
72 ______ 冪 49 ______
7 units
The area is The side length is
49 square units. 7 units.
b) ______ ______ 冪
4 units
______ square units. ______ units.
c) ______ ______ 冪 ______

8 units ______ square units. ______ units.
d) ______ ______ 冪 ______

______ square units. ______ units.
11 units
2
Whole Number Squares and Square Roots

• The square of a number is 52 5 5
the number multiplied by itself. 25
• A square root of a number is one of
冪25 冪 5 5
2 equal factors of the number.
5
• Squaring and taking a square root are
5 25 and 冪25 5
2
inverse operations.
Check
1. Complete each sentence.
a) 42 16, so 冪16 _____ b) 122 _____, so 冪 _____ _____
c) 冪 25 _____, since _____ 25 d) 冪100 _____, since _____ _____
Perfect Squares
A number is a perfect square if it is the product of
2 equal factors.
25 is a perfect square because 25 5 5.
24 is a non-perfect square. It is not the product of
2 equal factors.
Check
1. Complete each sentence.
First 12 Whole-Number Perfect Squares
Perfect Square Square Root Perfect Square Square Root
12 1 1 1 冪1 1 72 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____
22 2 2 4 冪4 2 82 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____
32 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____ 92 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____
42 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____ 102 ____ ____ _____ 冪____ ____
52 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____ 112 ____ ____ _____ 冪____ ____
62 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____ 122 ____ ____ _____ 冪____ ____
3
1.1 Square Roots of Perfect Squares

FOCUS Find the square roots of decimals and fractions that are perfect squares.
The square of a fraction or decimal is the number multiplied by itself.
a b
2 2 2 2 (1.5)2 1.5 1.5
3 3 3
2.25
2 2
3 3
4
9
4 and 2.25 are perfect squares because they are the product of 2 equal factors.
9
2 2 4 , so 2.25 1.5 1.5, so

3 3 9 Each equal factor is a
1.5 is a square root of 2.25. square root of the
2 is a square root of 4 . perfect square.
3 9 We write: 冪 2.25 1.5
We write: 4 2
冪9 3
Example 1 Finding a Perfect Square Given Its Square Root
Calculate the number whose square root is:
a) 5 b) 1.2
8
Solution
A square root of a number is one of two equal factors of the number.
a) 5 b) 1.2
8
Use a calculator.
5 5 5 5 1.2 1.2 1.44
8 8 8 8
25 So, 1.2 is a square root of 1.44.

64
So, 5 is a square root of 25 .

8 64
4
Check
1. Calculate the perfect square with the given square root.
a) 3 b) 3
8 2
3 3
8 8

3 is a square root of . 3 is a square root of .

8 2
c) 0.5 d) 2.5
0.5 0.5 _______ 2.5 2.5 _______
0.5 is a square root of _______. 2.5 is a square root of _______.
Example 2 Identifying Fractions that Are Perfect Squares
Is each fraction a perfect square? If so, find its square root.
a) 16 b) 9
25 20
Solution
Check if the numerator and denominator are perfect squares.
a) 16 b) 9
25 20
16 4 4, so 16 is a perfect square. 9 3 3, so 9 is a perfect square.
25 5 5, so 25 is a perfect square. 20 is not a perfect square.
So, 16 is a perfect square. So, 9 is not a perfect square.

25 20
Check
1. Determine whether the fraction is or is not a perfect square. How do you know?
a) 9 9 ________ a perfect square because .

49
49 ________ a perfect square because .
So, 9 ________ a perfect square.

49
b) 25 25 ________ a perfect square because .

13
13 ________ a perfect square because .

13
5
c) 64 64 ________ a perfect square because _______________________________________.

81
81 ________ a perfect square because _______________________________________.

81
2. Find the value of each square root.
冪冪

冪冪
9 16
a) b) 81

4
A terminating decimal ends after a certain number of decimal places.

A repeating decimal has a repeating pattern of digits in the decimal expansion.
The bar shows the digits that repeat.
Terminating Repeating Non-terminating and non-repeating
0.5 0.28 0.333 333 … 0.3 1.414 213 56 … 7.071 067 812 …
0.191 919 … 0.19
You can use a calculator to find out if a decimal is a perfect square.

The square root of a perfect square decimal is either a terminating decimal
or a repeating decimal.
Example 3 Identifying Decimals that Are Perfect Squares
Is each decimal a perfect square? How do you know?
a) 1.69 b) 3.5
Solution
Use a calculator to find the square root of each number.
a) 冪1.69 1.3
The square root is the terminating decimal 1.3.
So, 1.69 is a perfect square.
b) 冪3.5 ⬟ 1.870 828 693

The square root appears to be a decimal The symbol ⬟ means
that neither repeats nor terminates. “approximately equal to”.
So, 3.5 is not a perfect square.
6
Check
1. Complete the table to find whether each decimal is a perfect square.
The first one is done for you.
Decimal Value of square root Type of decimal Is decimal a perfect square?

a) 70.5 8.396 427 811 … Non-repeating No
Non-terminating
b) 5.76 ___________________ __________________ ___________
__________________
c) 0.25 ___________________ __________________ ___________
__________________
d) 2.5 ___________________ __________________ ___________
__________________
Practice
1. Calculate the number whose square root is:
a) 1 b) 2
4 7
1 1

4 4

1 is a square root of ____. 2 is a square root of ____.
4 7
c) 0.6 d) 1.1
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
0.6 is a square root of ______. 1.1 is a square root of ______.
2. Identify the fractions that are perfect squares. The first one has been done for you.
Fraction Is numerator a Is denominator a Is fraction a perfect

perfect square? perfect square? square?
a) 81 Yes; 9 9 81 No No
125
25
b) 49 _________________ ___________________ _________________
36
c) _________________ ___________________ _________________
121
17
d) 25 _________________ ___________________ _________________
9
e) _________________ ___________________ _________________
100
7
3. Find each square root.
冪冪

冪冪
49 25
a) b)
100 144

冪 16 冪冪 400 冪
1 9
c) d)

4. Use a calculator. Find each square root.
a) 冪 8.41 ______ b) 冪 0.0676 ______ c) 冪 51.125 ______ d) 冪 6.25 ______
5. Which decimals are perfect squares?

a) 1.44 冪1.44 _______________
The square root is a decimal that ________________________________________.
So, 1.44 ________ a perfect square.
b) 30.25 冪 30.25 _______________
The square root is a decimal that ________________________________________.
c) 8.5 冪 8.5 ⬟ _______________

The square root is a decimal that __________________________________________.
d) 0.0256 冪 0.0256 ______________

The square root is a decimal that __________________________________________.
So, 0.0256 a perfect square.
6. Find the area of each square.
a) Area b) Area
units
units

Area (Length)2
The area is
8
c) Area ______ d) Area ______

2.1 units
5.4 units
______ ______ ______
_________ _________
______________________________________
7. Find the side length of each square.
9
Side Length Length 冪 Area
a) Area = 100 square units
冪

冪
1 unit

The side length is units.
b) Area = 25 square units

36 Length 冪

1 unit 冪

c) Area = 0.01 square units Length 冪

___________
d) Area = Length 冪
46.24 square units
___________
9
1.2 Skill Builder
Degree of Accuracy
We are often asked to write an answer to a given decimal place.
To do this, we can use a number line.
To write 7.3 to the nearest whole number:

Place 7.3 on a number line in tenths. 3 is the last digit. It is
in the tenths position.
whole number tenth
So, use a number line
in tenths.
6 7 7.3 8
7.3 is closer to 7 than to 8.

So, 7.3 to the nearest whole number is: 7
To write 3.67 to the nearest tenth:

Place 3.67 on a number line in hundredths. 7 is the last digit.
It is in the hundredths
tenth hundredth position. So, use a
number line in
hundredths.
3.5 3.6 3.67 3.7
3.67 is closer to 3.7 than to 3.6.

So, 3.67 to the nearest tenth is: 3.7
Check
1. Write each number to the nearest whole number.
Mark it on the number line.
a) 5.3 ______ b) 6.8 ______ c) 7.1 ______ d) 6.4 ______
5 6 7
2. Write each number to the nearest tenth.

Mark it on the number line.
a) 2.53 ______ b) 2.64 ______ c) 2.58 ______ d) 2.66 ______
2.5 2.6 2.7
10
Squares and Square Roots on Number Lines

Most numbers are not perfect squares.
You can use number lines to estimate the square roots of these numbers.
Squares
1 4 9 16 25 36
1=1 4=2 9=3 16 = 4 25 = 5 36 = 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Square roots
10 is between the perfect squares 9 and 16. 9 10 16
So, 冪10 is between 冪 9 and 冪16.

冪 9 3 and 冪16 4
So, 冪10 is between 3 and 4. 3 10 4
10 is closer to 9 than
Check with a calculator. 16, so 冪10 is closer to
3 than 4.
冪10 3.2, which is between 3 and 4.
Check
1. Between which 2 consecutive whole numbers is each square root?
Explain.
a) 冪 22
Refer to the squares
22 is between the perfect squares 16 and 25. and square roots
number lines.
So, 冪 22 is between 冪 and 冪 .
冪 ______ and 冪 ______
So, 冪 22 is between ______ and ______.
b) 冪 6
6 is between the perfect squares ______ and ______.
So, 冪 6 is between 冪 and 冪 .
冪 ______ and 冪 ______
So, 冪 6 is between ______ and ______.
11
The Pythagorean Theorem

You can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find unknown lengths in right triangles.
Hypotenuse
h
a
b Legs
Pythagorean Theorem
h2 = a2 + b2
To find the length of the hypotenuse, h, in this triangle:
h2 52 122
h2 25 144
12 cm h h2 169
h 冪169
h 13
5 cm
The length of the hypotenuse is 13 cm.
Check
1. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of each hypotenuse, h.
a) b)
h
10 cm
h 12 cm
24 cm
9 cm
h2 ______ ______ h2 ______ ______

h2 ______ ______ h2 ______ ______
h2 ______ h2 ______
h冪 h冪
h ______ h ______
The length of the hypotenuse is ______ cm. The length of the hypotenuse is ______ cm.
12
1.2 Square Roots of Non-Perfect Squares

FOCUS Approximate the square roots of decimals and fractions that are
not perfect squares.
The top number line shows all the perfect squares from 1 to 100.
Squares
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Square roots
The bottom number line shows the square root of each number in the top line.
You can use these lines to estimate the square roots of fractions and decimals
that are not perfect squares.
Example 1 Estimating a Square Root of a Decimal
Estimate: 冪 68.5
Solution
68.5 is between the perfect squares 64 and 81. Squares
64 68.5 81
So, 冪 68.5 is between 冪 64 and 冪 81.
That is, 冪 68.5 is between 8 and 9.
Since 68.5 is closer to 64 than 81, 冪 68.5 is closer to 8 than 9.
8 68.5 9
So, 冪 68.5 is between 8 and 9, and closer to 8. Square roots
Check
1. Estimate each square root.
Explain your estimate.
a) 冪13.5
13.5 is between the perfect squares _____ and _____.
So, 冪13.5 is between 冪 and 冪 .
That is, 冪13.5 is between _____ and _____.
Since 13.5 is closer to _____ than _____, 冪13.5 is closer to _____ than _____.
So, 冪13.5 is between _____ and _____, and closer to _____.
13
b) 冪 51.5
51.5 is between the perfect squares _______ and _______.
So, 冪 51.5 is between 冪 and 冪 __
___.
That is, 冪 51.5 is between _____ and _____.
Since 51.5 is closer to _____ than _____, 冪 51.5 is closer to _____ than _____.
So, 冪 51.5 is between _____ and _____, and closer to _____.
Example 2 Estimating a Square Root of a Fraction
冪
3
Estimate: 10
Solution
Find the closest perfect square to the numerator and denominator.
In the fraction 3 :
10
3 is close to the perfect square 4.
10 is close to the perfect square 9.
冪 10 冪 9 and 冪 9 3
So, 3 4 4 2
冪
3 2
So, 10 3
Check
冪 80 冪 17
23 8
a) b)
23 is close to the perfect square _____. 8 is close to the perfect square _____.
80 is close to the perfect square _____. 17 is close to the perfect square _____.
冪冪冪冪
23 8
So, 80 So, 17
冪
冪
冪冪
23 8
So, 80 So, 17
14
Example 3 Finding a Number with a Square Root between

Two Given Numbers
Identify a decimal that has a square root between 5 and 6.
Solution
52 25, so 5 is a square root of 25. Squares
16 25 32.5 36 49
62 36, so 6 is a square root of 36.
So, any decimal between 25 and 36 has a square root
between 5 and 6.
Choose 32.5. 4 5 32.5 6 7
Square roots
Check the answer by using a calculator.

冪32.5 5.7, which is between 5 and 6.
So, the decimal 32.5 is one correct answer.
There are many more correct answers.
Check
1. a) Identify a decimal that has a square root between 7 and 8.
Check the answer.
72 ______ and 82 ______
So, any decimal between ______ and ______ has a square root between 7 and 8.
Choose ______.
Check the answer on a calculator.
冪 ______
The decimal ______ is one correct answer.
b) Identify a decimal that has a square root between 11 and 12.

______ ______ and ______ ______
So, any decimal between ______ and ______ has a square root between 11 and 12.
Choose _______.
冪 ______
So, _______ is one correct answer.
15
Practice
1. For each number, name the 2 closest perfect squares and their square roots.
Number Two closest perfect squares Their square roots
a) 44.4 _____ and _____ _____ and _____

b) 10.8 _____ and _____ _____ and _____
c) 125.9 _____ and _____ _____ and _____
d) 87.5 _____ and _____ _____ and _____
2. For each fraction, name the closest perfect square and its square root for the
numerator and for the denominator.
Fraction Closest perfect squares Their square roots
a) 5
11
Numerator: _____; denominator: _____ _____ and _____
17
b) 45 Numerator: _____; denominator: _____ _____ and _____
3
c) Numerator: _____; denominator: _____ _____ and _____
24
d) 11 Numerator: _____; denominator: _____ _____ and _____

62

Explain.
a) 冪 1.6
1.6 is between _____ and _____.
So, 冪 1.6 is between 冪_____ and 冪_____.
b) 冪 44.5
44.5 is between _____ and _____.
16
c) 冪 75.8
75.8 is between _____ and _____.
4. Estimate each square root. Explain.
冪 15
7
冪7
a) b) 2
7 is close to _____; 15 is close to _____. 2 is close to _____; 7 is close to _____.
冪冪冪
7
So, 15
冪7
So, 2

冪 37 冪122
35 99
c) d)
35 is close to _____; 37 is close to _____. 99 is close to _____; 122 is close to _____.
冪冪冪冪
35 99
So, 37 So, 122

________
5. Identify a decimal that has a square root between the two given numbers.
Check the answer.
a) 1 and 2
12 ______ and 22 ______
So, any number between ______ and ______ has a square root between 1 and 2.
Choose ______.
Check: 冪 ______ ______
The decimal ______ is one possible answer.
b) 8 and 9
82 ______ and 92 ______
Choose ______.
Check: 冪 _____ ______
17
c) 2.5 and 3.5

________ ⫽ ________ and ________ ⫽ ________
So, any number between ________ and ________ has a square root between 2.5 and 3.5.
Choose ________.
Check: 冪 ________ ⬟ ________
The decimal ________ is one correct answer.
d) 20 and 21
________ ⫽ ________ and ________ ⫽ ________
So, any number between ________ and ________ has a square root between 20 and 21.
Choose ________.
Check: 冪 ________ ⬟ ________
The decimal ________ is one correct answer.
6. Determine the length of the hypotenuse in each right triangle.

Write each answer to the nearest tenth.
a)
h
5.1 m
6.3 m
h2 ⫽ 5.12 ⫹ 6.32
h2 ⫽ ______ ⫹ ______
h2 ⫽ ______
h ⫽ 冪______
h ⬟ ______
So, h is about ______ m.
b)
7.0 m
10.5 m
h
h2 ⫽ _________ ⫹ _________
h2 ⫽ _________ ⫹ _________
h2 ⫽ _________
h ⫽ 冪_________
h ⬟ _________
So, h is about ________ m.
18
CHECKPOINT Can you …

• Identify decimals and fractions that are perfect squares?
• Find the square roots of decimals and fractions that are perfect squares?
• Approximate the square roots of decimals and fractions that are
not perfect squares?
1.1 1. Calculate the number whose square root is:
a) 2 b) 8
7 11
2 2
7 7 _____ ____ ____ _____
2 is a square root of ____. 8 is a square root of _____ .

7 11
c) 0.1 d) 1.4
_____ _____ _____ 1.4 1.4 _____
0.1 is a square root of _____. 1.4 is a square root of _____.
2. Identify the fractions that are perfect squares.

The first one has been done for you.
Fraction Is numerator a perfect Is denominator a Is fraction a

square? perfect square? perfect square?
64
a) 75
Yes; 8 8 64 No No
9
b) 25 _________________ _________________ _______
_______
25
c)
55 _________________ _________________ _______
_______
3. Find each square root.
冪冪冪

冪49 冪冪
16 36
a) 9 b) 25 c) 121

_____ _____ _____
4. a) Put a check mark beside each decimal that is a perfect square.

i) 4.84 ______ ii) 3.63 ______ iii) 98.01 ______ iv) 67.24 ______
b) Explain how you identified the perfect squares in part a.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
19
5. a) Find the area of the shaded square.

Area ⫽ (Length)2
⫽a b
2
units
1 unit
⫽ ⫻
⫽
_____
The area is _____ square units.
b) Find the side length of the shaded square.

Length ⫽ 冪 Area
81
Area = square units
100
⫽ 冪
1 unit
⫽ 冪 ⫻
⫽
_____
The side length is _____ units.
1.2 6. Estimate each square root.

Explain.
a) 冪 7.5
7.5 is between ______ and ______.
So, 冪 7.5 is between 冪 ______ and 冪 ______.
That is, 冪 7.5 is between ______ and ______.
Since 7.5 is closer to ______ than ______, 冪 7.5 is closer to ______ than ______.
So, 冪 7.5 is between ______ and ______, and closer to ______.
b) 冪 66.6
66.6 is between ______ and ______.
So, 冪 66.6 is between 冪 ______ and 冪 ______.
That is, 冪 66.6 is between ______ and ______.
Since 66.6 is closer to ______ than ______, 冪 66.6 is closer to ______ than ______.
So, 冪 66.6 is between ______ and ______, and closer to ______.
20
冪 79 冪 50
15 23
a) b)
15 is close to _____; 79 is close to _____. 23 is close to ____; 50 is close to ____.
冪冪冪冪
15 23
So, 79 So, 50

8. Identify a decimal whose square root is between the given numbers.

Check your answer.
a) 2 and 3
22 ______ and 32 ______
Choose ______.
Check: 冪 ____ ______
b) 6 and 7
62 ______ and 72 ______
Choose ______.
冪 ____ ______
9. Find the length of each hypotenuse.
a) b)
h
1.8 m
2.2 m h
2.8 m
1.1 m
h2 _________ _________ h2 _________ _________

h _________ _________
2 h2 _________ _________
h2 _________ h2 _________
h 冪 _________ h 冪 ________
h _________ h _________
The length of the hypotenuse is The length of the hypotenuse is
about _________ m. about _________ m.
21
1.3 Skill Builder
Surface Areas of Rectangular Prisms

The surface area of a rectangular prism is the sum of the areas of its 6 rectangular faces.
Look for matching faces with the same areas.
The matching faces in each

pair have the same area.
6 cm We find the area of one
8 cm
face and multiply by 2.
10 cm
For each rectangular face, area equals its length times its width.
Matching Faces Diagram Corresponding Area (cm2)
Back
6 cm 2(10 6) 120
6 cm
Front
10 cm
10 cm
10 cm
10 cm
8 cm Top
8 cm
2(10 8) 160
Bottom
8 cm 8 cm
Right
Left 2(8 6) 96
side 6 cm
6 cm side
Total 376
The surface area is 376 cm2.
22
Check
1. Determine the surface area of each rectangular prism.
a)
Matching Diagram Corresponding
Faces Area (cm2)
cm
Front
2 cm cm _ _ ____) _____
2(___
3 cm Back
5 cm
cm
Top
2(____ ____) _____
Bottom cm
cm
Right
2(____ ____) _ ___
Left cm
Total _____
The surface area is ____ cm2.
b) Matching Diagram Corresponding

Faces Area (cm2)
12 cm
Front cm 2(_____ _____) ______

Back
12 cm
cm
12 cm
Top cm 2(_____ _____) ____

___
Bottom
cm
Right cm 2(_____ _____) _____

Left
cm
Total ______
The surface area is ______ cm2.
23
1.3 Surface Areas of Objects Made from

Right Rectangular Prisms
FOCUS Find the surface areas of objects made from rectangular prisms.
Example 1 Finding the Surface Area of an Object Made from Cubes
Make this object with 1-cm cubes.

What is the surface area of the object?
Solution Front
Think of tracing each face, or “opening” the object.

Top
Front Turn the object

to see each view.
Left side Right side
Bottom
Back
Look for matching views.

Matching Views Corresponding Area (cm2)
Front / Back 2(3) 6
Top / Bottom 2(2) 4
Right / Left 2(2) 4
Total 14
24
Check
1. Make this object with 1-cm cubes, then find its surface area.
Matching Views Diagram Corresponding Area (cm2)
Front
2(____) ____
Back
Top
2(____) ____
Bottom
Front Right
2(____) ____
Left
Total _____
The surface area is _____ cm2.
A composite object is made from 2 or more objects.
= +
Composite object Smaller prism Larger prism
To find the surface area of a composite object, imagine dipping the object in paint.
The surface area is the area of all the faces covered in paint.
Where objects overlap,

there is a hidden surface.
The paint doesn’t reach
the hidden surface.
Overlap
The overlap is not painted, so it is not part of the surface area.
25
Example 2 Finding the Surface Area of a Composite Object
Find the surface area of this composite object.

12 m
6m
3m
6m
6m 6m
Front
Solution
= + – 2
Surface area of Surface area of Surface area of 2(Area of overlap)

composite object smaller prism larger prism
Surface area of smaller prism Surface area of larger prism

Matching Diagram Corresponding Matching Diagram Corresponding
Faces Area (m2) Faces Area (m2)
Front Front
Back 6m 12 m
Back
3m 4(6 3) 72 4(12 6) 288
Right Top 6m
Left Bottom
6m 6m
Top Right
2(6 6) 72 2(6 6) 72
6m Left 6m
Bottom
Total 144 Total 360
The surface area is 144 m2. The surface area is 360 m2.
Area of overlap
Diagram Corresponding
Area (m2)
6m
3m 6 3 18
The area of overlap is 18 m2.
SA of composite object 144 360 2(18) 468

The surface area of the composite object is 468 m2. SA means surface area.
26
Check
1. The diagram shows the surface areas of the two prisms that make up a composite object.
SA = 40 cm2
SA = 70 cm2
3 cm 1 cm
a) What is the area of the overlap?

The overlap is a ______-cm by ______-cm rectangle.
Area of overlap ______ cm ______ cm
______ cm2
b) What is the surface area of the composite object?

SA composite object SA smaller prism SA larger prism 2(Area of overlap)
______ cm2 ______ cm2 2( ______) cm2
______ cm2
2. Find the surface area of this composite object.
6 cm
6 cm
2 cm
2 cm
6 cm 2 cm
Front
A cube has ______ congruent faces.
27
Surface area of larger cube Surface area of smaller cube

Faces Area (cm2) Faces Area (cm2)
Front Front
cm
Back Back
cm
Top Top
cm
6(___ ___) ______ cm 6(___ ___) ______
Bottom Bottom
Right Right
Left Left
Total _______ Total _______
The surface area is _____ cm2. The surface area is ____ cm2.
Area of overlap
Diagram Corresponding Area (cm2)
cm
___ ___ __
cm
The area of overlap is ___ cm2.

SA composite object SA larger cube
_____ _ _____ 2(_)
_____
The surface area of the composite object is _____ cm2.
Practice
1. The diagram shows the 6 views of an object made from 1-cm cubes.
Identify pairs of matching views in the first column of the table.
Then, find the surface area of the object.
Top Front Right Left Bottom Back
Matching Views Corresponding Area (cm2)

Front /
Top /
Right /
Total ___________________

28
2. Each object is made with 1-cm cubes. Find the surface area of each object.
a)
Front
Front
2(___) ___
Back
Top
2(___) ___
Bottom
Right
2(___) ___
Left
Total _____
b)
Front
Front
2(___) _____
Back
Top
Bottom
Right
Left
Total _____
29
3. Find the surface area of this composite object. 10 m
10 m
5m
5m
20 m
15 m
Front
Surface area of larger prism Surface area of smaller prism

Front Front
2(_____ ___) ____ 2(___ _____) ____
Back Back
Top Top
Bottom Bottom
Right Right
Left Left
Total Total
_ m2.
The surface area is ___ The surface area is ____ m2.
Area of overlap
Diagram Corresponding Area (m2)
_____ _____ _____
The area of overlap is _____ m2.

Surface area of composite object
SA composite object
____ ____ 2(_____)
_____
___ m2.
The surface area of the composite object is __
30
4. Find the surface area of this composite object. 30 cm

30 cm
30 cm
10 cm
20 cm 10 cm
Front
Surface area of cube
cm
Front / Back
Top / Bottom 6(_____ _____) _______
cm
Right / Left
Total _______
The surface area is _______ cm2.
Surface area of rectangular prism

Front / Back
2(_____ _____) ____
Top / Bottom
Right / Left
Total __
_______________
_ __
The surface area is _______ cm2.
Area of overlap
_____ _____ ____
The area of overlap is ____ cm2.

SA composite object

_____________________
The surface area of the composite object is _______ cm2.
31
5. A loading dock is attached to one wall 20 m

30 m
of a warehouse. The exterior of the buildings
Warehouse
is to be painted at a cost of $2.50/m2.
How much will it cost to paint the buildings? 20 m
Loading Dock
Will the bottom of the warehouse and loading 10 m
dock be painted? ________
Front 30 m
20 m
Surface area of warehouse to be painted Surface area of loading dock to be painted

Front 2(_____ _____) Front 2(_____ _____)

Back ____ Back ___ _
Top 3(_____ _____) _____ _____

Top
Sides ____ ____
Total ___
______
2(_____ _____)
The surface area of the warehouse to Sides
____
__ m2.
be painted is ___
Total ___
______
Area of overlap
The surface area of the loading dock to be
Diagram Corresponding Area (m2)
painted is _____ m2.
_____ _____ ____
The area of overlap is ____ m2.
Surface area of composite object to be painted

_____ _____ ________ _____
The surface area of the composite object
to be painted is _____ m2.
So, the area to be painted is _____ m2.

The cost per square metre is: $_____
__ $___
The cost to paint the buildings is: ___ __ ___
__
32
1.4 Skill Builder
Surface Areas of Triangular Prisms

To find the surface area of a right triangular prism, add the areas of its 5 faces.
10 cm b There are 2 congruent

1
A= 2
bh triangular faces. Find the area
6 cm
h of one, then multiply it by 2.
4 cm
8 cm
Triangular 6 cm
6 cm 2( 1 6 8) 48
2
8 cm
8 cm
10 cm
10 cm
4 cm 10 4 40
4 cm
4 cm
Rectangular
6 cm
6 cm 6 4 24
4 cm
4 cm
8 4 32
4 cm 8 cm
8 cm
Total 144
33
Check
1. Find the surface area of the triangular prism.

15 cm Faces Area (cm2)
9 cm
5 cm Triangular cm 2( 1 ___ ___) ____

12 cm 2
cm
cm
___ ___ ___
cm
cm
Rectangular ___ ___ ___

cm
cm
___ ___ ___
cm
Total ____
Surface Areas of Cylinders

To find the surface area of a right cylinder, r
add the areas of: h
• the 2 circular faces
• the curved surface

Faces Area
r
Top
Top r
A = r 2 2 r2
Bottom
Bottom
The side can be
unrolled into a
C = 2r C = 2r
r C = 2r rectangle, whose
Curved 2 rh length is the
h h h
surface circumference
of the circle.
The surface area is: 2 r2 2 rh
34
To calculate the surface area of this cylinder:

3 cm
5 cm

Faces Area (cm2)
Top
2 32
3 cm
Bottom
56.55
The dimensions of the
cylinder are given to the
2(3) cm nearest centimetre, so we
Curved give the surface area to the
235
surface 5 cm nearest square centimetre.
94.25
Total 150.80
The surface area is about 151 cm2.
Check
1. Find the surface area of the cylinder.
4 cm
6 cm
Top cm
___ ___
Bottom ________
2 cm
____ ___ ___ ___
Curved surface cm
________
Total ________
The surface area is about ____ cm2.
35
1.4 Surface Areas of Other Composite Objects

FOCUS Find the surface areas of composite objects made from right prisms and
right cylinders.
Example 1 Finding the Surface Area of a Composite Object Made

from a Rectangular Prism and a Triangular Prism
Find the surface area 10 cm The shaded area is

of this composite object. the area of overlap.
6 cm
4 cm
Solution 10 cm 8 cm
= + – 2
Surface area of Surface area of Surface area of 2(Area of overlap)

composite object rectangular prism triangular prism
Surface area of rectangular prism Surface area of triangular prism

Front 6 cm
2(1 6 8)
6 cm 2(6 10) Triangular 2
Back 120 48
8 cm
10 cm
10 cm
Top
10 cm 10 4 40
2(10 4) 4 cm
4 cm
Bottom 80
Rectangular 6 cm 6 4 24
Right
6 cm 2(6 4)
Left 48 4 cm
4 cm
Total 248 4 cm 8 4 32
8 cm
Total 144
Area of overlap
Diagram Corresponding Area (cm2) The surface area is 144 cm2.
6 cm 6 4 24
4 cm The area of overlap is 24 cm2.

Surface area of composite object 248 144 2(24) 344
The surface area of the composite object is 344 cm2.
36
Check
1. The diagram shows the surface area of the 6 cm
two prisms that make up a composite object. SA = 300 cm2
a) What is the area of the overlap? 12 cm

The overlap is a ____-cm by ____-cm rectangle.
Area of overlap ____ cm ____ cm ____ cm2
SA = 720 cm2
Surface area of composite object Surface area of 2 prisms 2(Area of overlap)
_____ _____ _____ _____
The surface area of the composite object is __________.
5 cm
4 cm
3 cm
3 cm
3 cm
Surface area of triangular prism

cm
Triangular 2( ____ ____) ____
cm
cm
____ ____ ____
cm
cm
Rectangular ____ ____ ____
cm
cm
____ ____ ____
cm
Total _____

37
Surface area of cube Area of overlap

Matching Faces Diagram Corresponding Area (cm2) Diagram Corresponding
Area (cm2)
Front cm
Back ___ ___ ___
cm
Top 6(____ ____) ____ cm
Bottom cm
Right The area of overlap is _____ cm2.

Left
Total ____
Surface area of composite object Surface area of 2 prisms 2(Area of overlap)

______ ______ ______
______
The surface area of the composite object is ______ cm2.
Example 2 Finding the Surface Area of a Composite Object Made

from a Rectangular Prism and a Cylinder
Find the surface area of this object.

10 cm
Faces Area (cm2)
2 cm
12 cm Front 15 cm
12 cm Back
15 cm Top 12 cm 4(12 15) 720
Bottom
12 cm
Right
2(12 12) 288
Left 12 cm
Total 1008
38
Surface area of cylinder

Top
2 cm 2 22 25.13
Bottom
2(2) cm
Curved surface
10 cm
2 2 10 125.67
Total 150.80
The surface area is about 150.80 cm2.
Area of overlap
2 cm 22 12.57
The area of overlap is about 12.57 cm2.
SA composite object SA rectangular prism SA cylinder 2(Area of overlap)

1008 150.80 2(12.57)
1133.66
Check
1. The diagram shows the surface area of the rectangular 3 cm
prism and cylinder that make up a composite object. SA = 56.5 cm2
a) What is the area of the overlap?

The overlap is a __________________.
Area of overlap ________________ SA = 240 cm2
________________ cm2

SA composite object SA ________ SA ________ 2(__________________)
________ ________ __________
________
The surface area of the composite object is about ________ cm2.
39

1 cm
4 cm
6 cm
6 cm
6 cm

Front
cm
Back
Top
6(_____ _____) _____
Bottom cm
Right
Left
Total _______

Top
cm _____ _____ _____ ______
Bottom
2 cm
Curved surface _____ _____ _____ _____ ______

cm
Total ______
Area of overlap
cm _____ _____ _____
SA composite object SA ______ SA __________ 2(__________________)

_________ _________ _________
_________
The surface area of the composite object is about ______ cm2.
40
Practice
1. Find the surface area of this composite object. 8.5 cm

3 cm
4 cm
8 cm
12 cm
12 cm
24 cm

Front
Back

Top
Bottom
Right

Left
Total _____
Surface area of triangular prism Area of overlap

Matching Diagram Corresponding Diagram Area (cm2)
Faces Area (cm2)
___ ___ ___
Triangular
The area of overlap is _____ cm2.
Rectangular Surface area of composite object

SA composite object
______________________
______________________
__________ The surface area of the
Total
composite object is _______ cm2.
41

2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
4 cm

6 cm
Front
Back
6(____ ____) ____
Top
Bottom
Total ____

Top ____ ____ ____ _______

Bottom
Curved surface ____ ____ ____ ____ _______
Total ________
The surface area is about ________ cm2.
Area of overlap
___ ___ ___

The area of overlap is ___ cm2.

SA composite object ________ ________ ________
________
The surface area of the composite object is about ________ cm2.
42
3. Calculate the surface area of the cake at the right. 5 cm

Write your answer to the nearest tenth.
5 cm
7 cm
10 cm
Surface area of smaller cake

Top
____ ____ ____ ________
Bottom
Curved surface ____ ____ ____ ____ ________
Total __________
The surface area is about _________ cm2.
Surface area of larger cake

Top Bottom
____ ___ _____ _________
Curved surface ___ ___ ___ ___ ________
Total _________
Area of overlap
___ ___ ______

The area of overlap is about ______ cm2.
Surface area of cake _________ _________ _________

_________
The surface area of the cake is about _________ cm2.
43
MMS9_Prep book_UnitBM.qxp 7/7/09 12:42 PM Page 44
Unit 1 Puzzle
Square and Square-Root Days

A date in a given year can be written as the month number followed by the day number.
For example, October 25 can be written as 10/25.
• In a square-root day, the month is the square root of the day.

For example, March 9 is a square-root day because it is written as 3/9, and 3 is the
square root of 9.
List all the square-root days in a year.
_______________________________________________________________________________
• In a square day, the month is the square of the day.

For example, April 2 is a square day because it is written as 4/2,
and 4 is the square of 2.
List all the square days in a year.
_______________________________________________________________________________
• A square year is a year which is a perfect square.

For example, the year 1600 is a square year because 1600 40 40.
List all the square years from 1000 to the present.
_______________________________________________________________________________
44
Unit 1 Study Guide
Skill Description Example
Identify fractions A fraction is a perfect 16 4 4

that are perfect square if it can be written as 25 5 5
squares and find the product of 2 equal
冪 25 5
16 4
their square roots. fractions. The square root is
one of the 2 equal fractions.
Identify decimals Use a calculator. The square 冪1.69 1.3

that are perfect root is a repeating or
squares. terminating decimal.
Estimate square Find perfect squares close to

冪10 冪 9 3
3 4 2 3 is close to 4;
roots of numbers the number. 10 is close to 9.
that are not perfect
Squares
squares.
Use the squares and square 4 7.5 9
roots number lines.
2 7.5 3
Square roots
Calculate the Add the areas of each of Top

surface area of the 6 views.
a composite object.
Front
Front
The surface Left side Right side
area is 14 Bottom
square units.
Back
Or
Add surface areas of the SA = 125.66 cm2
parts, then subtract for the Area = 12.57 cm2

overlap. SA = 216 cm2
SA 216 125.66 2(12.57)

316.52
45
Unit 1 Review
1.1 1. Calculate the number whose square root is:
a) 3 b) 9.9
7
9.9 9.9 _______

__ __ ___ 9.9 is a square root of _______.
3 is a square root of ___.
7
2. Complete the table.
Fraction Is numerator a perfect Is denominator a Is fraction a perfect

square? perfect square? square?
25
a) 81 ________________ ________________ ______
7
b) 4 ________________ ________________ ______
49
c) 65 ________________ ________________ ______
3. Complete the table.
Decimal Value of Square Type of Decimal Is decimal a

Root perfect square?
a) 5.29 ________________ ________________________________ ______

________________________________
b) 156.25 ________________ ________________________________ ______

________________________________
c) 6.4 ________________ ________________________________ ______

________________________________
4. Find the square root of each number.
冪 81
25
a) b) 冪 59.29 _____
1.2 5. Estimate 冪 14.5. Explain your estimate.

14.5 is between _____ and _____.
So, 冪14.5 is between 冪_____ and 冪_____. That is, 冪14.5 is between _____ and _____.
Since 14.5 is closer to _____ than _____, 冪14.5 is closer to _____ than _____.
So, 冪14.5 is between _____ and _____, and closer to _____.
46
6. Estimate each square root. Explain.
冪 13 冪 70
a) 2 b) 11
2 is close to ____; 13 is close to ____. 11 is close to ____; 70 is close to ____.
冪 13 冪冪 70 冪
2
So, So, 11

7. Identify a decimal that has a square root between the two given numbers.
Check the answer.
a) 2 and 3
22 ____ and 32 ____
So, any number between ____ and ____ has a square root between 2 and 3.
Choose ____.
Check: 冪 ____ ____
The decimal ____ is one possible answer.
b) 6.5 and 7.5
______ ______ and ______ ______
So, any number between ______ and ______ has a square root between 6.5 and 7.5.
Choose ______.
Check: 冪______ ______.
8. Find the length of the hypotenuse of each right triangle.
a) b)
h 7.8 cm h 7.1 cm
4.2 cm 10.5 cm
h2 ________
_ _______
__ h2 ________
_ _________
h2 _________ _________ h2 _________ _________
h2 _________ h2 _________
h 冪_________ h 冪_________
h _________ h _________
The length of the hypotenuse is __________________________________
about _________ cm. __________________________________
47
1.3 9. This object is made from 1-cm cubes. Find its surface area.
Front
Total ____
10. Calculate the surface area 50 cm
of this composite object.

40 cm 50 cm
20 cm
50 cm
10 cm
Front
/
/ 6(____ ____) ________
/
Total ________
The surface area is ________ cm2.

Total
48
Area of overlap
____ ____ ____

SA composite object _________________ __________________ ____________________
_______ _______ _______
_______
The surface area of the composite object is _______ cm2.
1.4 11. Find the surface area of this composite object.
9 cm 5 cm
4 cm 5 cm
3 cm
8 cm
Surface area of rectangular prism Surface area of triangular prism

Triangular
Rectangular
Total _______
The surface area is _____ cm2. Total ____

Area of overlap
SA _______________________ ______________________ _____________________

_____ ____ ______
_____
The surface area of the composite object is _____ cm2.
49
12 cm
16 cm 4 cm
12 cm
The larger cylinder has diameter ____ cm, so its radius is ___ cm.
The smaller cylinder has diameter ___ cm, so its radius is ___ cm.
Surface area of smaller cylinder

Top
__ __ __
__ _______
Bottom
Curved surface
__ __ __ ___ ________
Total ________
Surface area of larger cylinder

Top
__ __ __ ________
Bottom
__ __ __ ___ ________
Curved surface
Total _________
Area of overlap
__ __ _______
The area of overlap is about _______ cm2.
Surface area of the composite object _______ _________ _________

_________
50

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qxp 7/7/09 12:35 PM Page 1

1 Square Roots and Surface Area

What You’ll Learn

• Find the surface areas of composite objects.

Why It’s Important

Square roots are used by

• police officers, to estimate the speed of a vehicle when it crashed

• vets, to calculate drug dosages

Surface area is used by

• painters, to find the number of cans of paint needed to paint a room

• farmers, to find the amount of fertilizer needed for a field

square repeating decimal

1.1 Skill Builder

Side Lengths and Areas of Squares

Diagram Square Modelled Square Root Modelled

c) ______ ______ 冪 ______

d) ______ ______ 冪 ______

Whole Number Squares and Square Roots

a) 42 16, so 冪16 _____ b) 122 _____, so 冪 _____ _____

c) 冪 25 _____, since _____ 25 d) 冪100 _____, since _____ _____

First 12 Whole-Number Perfect Squares

Perfect Square Square Root Perfect Square Square Root

12 1 1 1 冪1 1 72 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____

22 2 2 4 冪4 2 82 ____ ____ ____ 冪____ ____

1.1 Square Roots of Perfect Squares

The square of a fraction or decimal is the number multiplied by itself.

2 2 4 , so 2.25 1.5 1.5, so

Example 1 Finding a Perfect Square Given Its Square Root

Calculate the number whose square root is:

So, 5 is a square root of 25 .

3 is a square root of . 3 is a square root of .

Example 2 Identifying Fractions that Are Perfect Squares

Is each fraction a perfect square? If so, find its square root.

So, 16 is a perfect square. So, 9 is not a perfect square.

a) 9 9 ________ a perfect square because .

So, 9 ________ a perfect square.

b) 25 25 ________ a perfect square because .

So, 25 ________ a perfect square.

c) 64 64 ________ a perfect square because _______________________________________.

So, 64 ________ a perfect square.

A terminating decimal ends after a certain number of decimal places.

Terminating Repeating Non-terminating and non-repeating

0.191 919 … 0.19

You can use a calculator to find out if a decimal is a perfect square.

Example 3 Identifying Decimals that Are Perfect Squares

Is each decimal a perfect square? How do you know?

b) 冪3.5 ⬟ 1.870 828 693

So, 3.5 is not a perfect square.

Decimal Value of square root Type of decimal Is decimal a perfect square?

1. Calculate the number whose square root is:

Fraction Is numerator a Is denominator a Is fraction a perfect

3. Find each square root.

4. Use a calculator. Find each square root.

a) 冪 8.41 ______ b) 冪 0.0676 ______ c) 冪 51.125 ______ d) 冪 6.25 ______

5. Which decimals are perfect squares?

c) 8.5 冪 8.5 ⬟ _______________

d) 0.0256 冪 0.0256 ______________

6. Find the area of each square.

c) 冪 __

d) 冪 __

a) 42 16, so 冪16 ___ b) 122 _, so 冪 _ ___

c) 冪 25 ___, since _ 25 d) 冪100 _, since _ ___

12 1 1 1 冪1 1 72 冪

22 2 2 4 冪4 2 82 冪

c) 64 64 a perfect square because _______________________________.

a) 冪 8.41 b) 冪 0.0676 c) 冪 51.125 d) 冪 6.25

c) Area d) Area

a) 5.3 b) 6.8 c) 7.1 d) 6.4

a) 2.53 b) 2.64 c) 2.58 d) 2.66

h2 h2

a) 44.4 ___ and _ _ and ___

d) 11 Numerator: ___; denominator: _ _ and ___

7 is close to ___; 15 is close to _. 2 is close to _; 7 is close to ___.

35 is close to ___; 37 is close to _. 99 is close to _; 122 is close to ___.

2 is a square root of . 8 is a square root of _ .

15 is close to ___; 79 is close to _. 23 is close to ; 50 is close to __.

h2 _____ _ h2 _ _____

Front cm 2(___ _) ____

Top cm 2(___ _) __

Right cm 2(___ _) ___