CHN2 Lesson1

Lesson 1
Giovannah H. Castillo,RN,MAN
Learning OBJECTIVES
•Define community
•Discuss the philosophy, principles, and features of
community health nursing
•Describe theoretical approaches relevant to community
health practice
•Identify the types of community, characteristics &
components
•Discuss the factors affecting the health of the
community
•Determine the roles and activities of a community
health nurse
Community
•Social unit of human organisms who share

common values.
•All the people who live in a particular area, or a
group of people who are considered as a unit
because of their shared interests or
background.
Community Health Nursing
•A special field of nursing that combines
the skills of nursing, public health &
some phases of social assistance and
functions as part of the total public health
programme for the promotion of health,
the improvement of the conditions in the
social and physical environment,
rehabilitation of illness and disability
(WHO).
Philosophy of CHN
“The worth and dignity of men.”
Based on the belief that care directed

to the individual, the family, and the
group contributes to the healthcare of
the population as a whole.
Salient features of CHN
I. Population-or Aggregate-focused:
a. Priorities for care when resources or supplies are primarily
allotted for the health needs & problems of the individuals or
families as they impact or relate to the health of the total
population or community.
b. Population-based assessment, policy development, and

assurance processes are systematic & comprehensive.
II. Greatest good for the greatest

number
•The nurse first

looks at the health
needs & problems
of the community
rather than
focusing solely on
the needs of
individuals or
families.
III. Utilizes nursing process
IV. Promotive-preventive by nature
•The priority is on
health promoting &
disease-preventing
strategies over
curative
interventions.
V. Uses a variety of instruments
•CHN makes use of

tools for measuring
& analyzing
community health
problems like public
health statistics or
vital statistics.
VI. Requires management skills
•CHN applies the

principles of
management especially
during the organization
of the nursing service
in the local health
agency & in activities
that require effective
management of a
certain health program.
Features of CHN
Community
Primary health care,
development
Education and Research

outreach, and
Concepts of CHN
•Health promotion.
•Benefit not only the individual but the whole family.
•CH nurses are generalists in terms of their practice
through life’s continuum
•Contact with client and/or the family may continue
over a long period of time which include all ages and
all types of health care.
Concepts of CHN
•Requires that current knowledge derived from the

biological and social sciences, ecology, clinical nursing
& community health organizations be utilized.
•The dynamic process of assessing, planning,
implementing and intervening, provide periodic
measurements of progress, evaluation and a
continuum of the cycle until the termination of
nursing is implicit.
Theoretical Models & Approaches
Health Belief Model (1950’s)
(Godfrey Hochbaum, Irwin Rosenstock, and Rosenstock and Kirscht)
perceived perceived
severity susceptibility
A person's health-related
behavior depends on the perceived perceived
person's perception of four
critical areas benefits barriers
cues to
self-efficacy
action
HBM
•focusing on patient compliance and preventive health
care practices.
•health-seeking behaviour is influenced by a person’s
perception of a threat posed by a health problem and
the value associated with actions aimed at reducing the
threat.
•HBM addresses the relationship between a person’s
beliefs and behaviors. It provides a way to
understanding and predicting how clients will behave
in relation to their health and how they will comply
with health care therapies.
Nancy Milio’s Framework for Prevention
Includes concepts of: • She challenged the common

✔ community – oriented, notion that a main
determinant for unhealthful
✔ population- focused care behavioural choice is lack
of knowledge.
• Milio stated that behavioural
patterns of the
populations-and individuals
who make up populations – are
result of habitual selection
from limited choices.
Nola Pender: Health Promotion Model
• Each person has unique

personal characteristics and
experiences that affect
subsequent actions.
• The set of variables for
behavioral specific knowledge
and affect have important
motivational significance.
• Health promoting behavior is
the desired behavioral
outcome.
Behavioral Change Approach- PRECEDE/PROCEED Model
Lawrence W. Green
• Behavior is a characteristic
of animal or human that can
be observed.
• Behavioral change approach
is a planned activity,
interventions and strategies
developed and carried out
for bringing appropriate
change in health behavior of
people.
Thank you.

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Lesson 1

•Social unit of human organisms who share

“The worth and dignity of men.”

Based on the belief that care directed

b. Population-based assessment, policy development, and

II. Greatest good for the greatest

•The nurse first

•CHN makes use of

•CHN applies the

Education and Research

•Requires that current knowledge derived from the

Includes concepts of: • She challenged the common

• Each person has unique

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