GENERIC NAME Ranitidine HCL

INDICATION

ACTION

CONTRAINDICATION y

Adverse reaction Vertigo, malaise, headache,

NURSING CONSIDERATION y Assess patient for abdominal pain. Note presence of blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate

y BRAND NAME Xantac y Classification: Anri- ulcer

Duodenal and gastric ulcers

Completely inhibits action of histamine on the H2 at receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretions

Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug and those with porphyria

y y

DOSAGE 50 mg by slow IV then 0.1250.25 mg/kg/hr as continuous IV infusion

Maintenanc e therapy for gastric and duodenal ulcer

y Use cautiously in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Adjust dose in patients with impaired renal function y

blurred vision, y jaundice, Ranitidine may be added to total parenteral nutrition solution

burning and itching at injection site

y y

GERD Erosive esophagitis y Heartburn

Instruct patient on proper use of OTC preparation as indicated.

Remind patient to take once daily prescription drug at bedtime for best results

Instruct patient to take without regard to meals because absorption isnt affected by food

GENERIC NAME Phenobarbital BRAND NAME Luminal Classification: CNS DRUGSHYPNOTICS/ SEDATIVES

INDICATION Short-term treatment of insomnia, longterm treatment of generalized toniclonic seizures

ACTION Depressant and anticonvulsant effects may be related to its ability to increase the inhibitory activity of GABA on nerve impulses

CONTRAINDICATION y Hypersensitivity to barbiturates, pregnancy,

ADVERSE REACTION PRECAUTION: Impaired renal, hepatic cardiac or resp. functions

NURSING CONSIDERATION y >instruct pt. to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressant to prevent inc. depression

y y

severe renal, hepatic, resp. impairment

DOSAGE 100-320mg. max 600mg daily

ADVERSE RXN y Dizziness, y headache, y hangover, y confusion in elderly, y GI disturbances, y allergic reactions, y sedation and depression may occur

withdrawal insomnia may occur after short-term use, insomnia improves in 1-3 nights

>on empty stomach, 30-60 mins before bedtime for expected sleeplessness

>advice pt to change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension

GENERIC NAME metoclopramide BRAND NAME Plasil Classification: GASTROINTEST INAL DRUGSANTIFLATULENTS

INDICATION Gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting of central and peripheral origin assoc. with surgery

ACTION Dopamine antagonist that acts by increasing receptor sensitivity and response of upper GIT tissues to acetylcholine

CONTRAINDICATION y y y y GI hemorrhage, epileptics, hypersensitivity, lactation, pts. With breast cancer

ADVERSE REACTION PRECAUTION: Activities requiring mental alertness, elderly, lactation ADVERSE RXN y Restlessness, y drowsiness, y fatigue, y insomnia, y headache, y dizziness, y nausea

NURSING CONSIDERATION >give 30 mins before meals and at bed time

> assess mental status during treatment

>tell pt. To avoid driving & other hazardous activities for at least 2 hrs

DOSAGE pedia: 15-20yrs 510mg 3x/day 5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg 3x/day 3-4yrs: 3mg 23x/day 1-2yrs: 1mg 23x/day Under 1 yr: 1mg 2x/day

>advice pt. to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressant that enhance sedating properties of this drug

GENERIC NAME Carbocisteine BRAND NAME Loviscol

INDICATION

ACTION

CONTRAINDICATION active peptic ulcer. Hypersensitivity to carbocisteine

Acute/chronic disorders Reduces the viscosity of of the upper & lower bronchial secretions & respiratory tract facilitate expectoration associated with the secretion & formation of excessive and viscid mucus

PRECAUTION/ ADVERSE REACTION PRECAUTION: Hx of peptic ulcer, hypothyroidism ADVERSE RXN y Nausea, y headache, y vomiting, y anorexia, y gastric discomfort, y diarrhea, y GI bleeding

NURSING CONSIDERATION >assess cough: type, frequency, character > advice medical consultation for persistent cough of more than 7 days >advice pt. to avoid smoking >suggest sugarless lozenges to decrease throat irritation and cough

Classification: RESPIRATOR Y DRUGSMUCOKINET ICS/EXPECT ORANTS

DOSAGE Capsule: Suspension: Pedia: 6-12yrs: 5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 ml Syr: 6-12yrs: 10ml 2-5 yrs: 2.5ml Drops: 12-24mos: 1.25ml, 911mos: 1ml, 68mos: 0.75ml,

GENERIC NAME, BRAND NAME, CLASSIFICA TIONS Salbutamol BRAND NAME Ventolin vilmax Classification: ANTIASTHMA

INDICATION

ACTION

CONTRAINDICATION

ADVERSE REACTION

NURSING CONSIDERATION

Reversible airway obstruction including bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis

Facilitates/ potentiates the inhibitory activity of GABA Hypersensitivity at the limbic system and reticular formation to reduce anxiety, promote calmness and sleep

PRECAUTION: Hyperthyroidism,DM, cardiovascular disease ADVERSE RXN y Fine tremor of skeletal muscle, y feeling of tension, y a compensory small increase in heart rate, y headache, y muscle cramps

> drug may be decrese sensitivity of spirometry used for diagnosis of asthma

>syrup may be taken as young as age 2

>monitor for evidence of allergic rxn

DOSAGE Adult: 8mg tablet BID Pedia: 3-12 yrs 4mg tab BID

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATIONS ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

CNS:seizures(high doses) Cefuroxime BRAND NAME Decreases or control the infection. Less susceptible to beta lactamase and have greater activity against Haemophilus Influenzae, gonorrhea and Lyme disease If the drug was tolerated it can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, or migraines, dizziness and abdominal pain. GI: diarrhea, jaundice, nausea ,vomiting, cramps. DERM: rashes HEMAT: bleeding, hemolytic anemia Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis.

Should the check the patients name, the correct route, dosage, and frequency of the medicine that should be given. Question for history of allergies, particularly cephalosporins and penicillins. Give without regards to meals. If GI upset occurs give with food or milk. Avoid crushing tablets due to bitter taste. Suspension must be given with food. Intramuscular injections must be administered deep IM to minimize discomfort. Assess mouth for white patches on mucous membranes and tongue. Monitor bowel activity and stool consistency carefully.

Ceftin, Zinacef CLASSIFICATION Cephalosporin DOSAGE

750 mg

Generic Name, Brand name, Classifications Mannitol Brand name : osmitrol , resectisol Classification : Diuretics Dosage : 0.25-2 g/kg

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Adjunct in the treatment of: Acute oligoric renal failure, edema, increase intracranial or intraroccular pressure, toxic overdose.

Increase the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Causes excreation of : water , sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium , phosphorus, magnesium , urea, uric acid.

Hypersensitivity: anuria. Dehydration, active intracranial bleeding .

CNS: confusion , headache. EENT: blurred vision, rhinitis. CV: transient volume expansion , chest pain , CHF, pulmonary edema, tachycardia. GI: nausea, thirst, vomiting GU: renal failure, urinary retention.

Monitor vital signs. Urine output, CVP , and pulmonary artery pressures before and hourly throughout administration. Assessed patient for anorexia, numbness, muscle weakness, tingling ,paresthesia. Monitor neurologic status and intracranial pressure readings. Monitor for persistent or increase eye pain or decrease visual acuity.

Generic Name, Brand name, Classifications Ceftriaxone Brand name: Rocephin Classification : anti-infectives Dosage: 6 mos-12 yrs: ( 7mg/kg) q 12 hrs

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Treatment of colon, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infection, urinary and gynecologic infections including gonorrhea or respiratory tract infections, septicemia, otitis media, meningitis, peri operative prophylaxis.

Bind to the bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.

Hypersensitivity to : cephalosporins,

CNS: seizures GI: diarrhea, nausea , vomiting , cramps,jaundice

Assess for infection(vital signs, appearance of wound, sputum, urine and stool: WBC)at beginning of and throughout therapy.

serious hypersensitivity to penicillins.

DERM; Rashes Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Discontinue the drug and notify physician or other medical professional immediately if this symptoms occur.

Hemat:bleeding , hemolytic anemia

Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy.

Generic Name Brand name Classifications Zinc Sulfate Brand name: orazinc Classification: mineral and electrolytes replacements/ supplements

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Replacement and supplementation therapy in patients who are at risks for zinc deficiency, including on long term parenteral nutrition.

Serves as a cofactor for mini Hypersensitivity to any enzymatic reactions. components in formulation. Required for normal growth and tissue repair, wound healing, and senses of taste and smell.

GI: gastric irritation ( oral use only)nausea and vomiting.

Monitor for progression of Zinc deficiency( impaired wound healing, growth retardation, decrease sense of taste, decrease sense of smell during therapy.

Monitor serum alkaline phosphatase concentration monthly: may increase with zinc therapy.

Dosage: <5yrs 100 mcg/kg/day

Monitor HDL concentration monthly in patience on long term high dose zinc therapy. Serum concentration may be decrease

Generic Name

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Brand name Classifications Ampicillin

Brand name: Ampicin

Treatment of skin and skin structure infections, soft tissue infections, sinusitis, otitis media, respiratory infections, meningitis, septicemia, gerito urinary infections.

Binds to bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell death.

Hypersensitivity to penicillins.

CNS: Seizures,

Assess patient for infection. Assess for infection(vital signs, appearance of wound, sputum, urine and stool: WBC)at beginning of and throughout therapy.

GI: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Classifications: anti infectives DERM: rashes

Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy.

Dosage: PO(children <20 kg )250-500 mg q 6 hr. HEMAT: blood dyscrasias Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Discontinue the drug and notify physician or other medical professional immediately if this symptoms occur.

Generic Name Brand name Classifications Hydrocortisone

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Management of various allergic or immunologic skin problems.

Brand name: Cortizone

Classifications: cortico steroids.

Topical or local corticosteroids have anti inflammatory , antiprutitic and vasoconstrictive properties. Application results in inhibition of macrophage or leukocyte migration due to decrease vascular dilatation and permeability.

Hypersensitivity or known intolerance to corticostreroids or components of vehicles ( ointment,alcohol)

y y y y y y y y y

Dosage: 1-4x daily

Derm: allergic to contact dermatitis , atrophy, burning, dryness, edema, hypersensitivity reactions, irritations, dermatitis, secondary infection.

Assess affected skin before and daily during therapy , note degree of inflammation and pruritis.

Generic Name Brand name Classifications

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name Brand name Classifications

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name Brand name Classifications

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name Brand name Classifications

Indication

Action

Contraindication

Adverse reaction

Nursing Responsibilities