Year 10 Physical Education

Energy Systems

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Energy Systems

1. Name the 3 key nutrients which provide energy?

1. .Carbs
2. .Fats
3. .Proteins

2. To provide the body with energy or capacity to do physical activity the body can convert these
nutrients into a chemical energy compound called ……ATP……………………………………

3. Give some every day examples of high carbohydrate foods?

Pasta
Bread
Rice

4. Do fats provide energy for physical activity? Explain in terms of rate and yield of ATP.
ye fats require more oxygen to produce energy

5. What is the function of proteins in the body?

6. Where is ATP stored? How do we get energy from the chemical ATP?

7. What does GI stand for? Explain the term.

Glycaemic Index

8. What type of GI food is preferred to be eaten prior to an endurance event and why. Include with
examples of types of foods.

A low Gi so it goes longer

Rye bread

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9. What type of GI food is preferred to be eaten post exercise and why. Include with examples of
types of foods.
Jelly beens hi gi to get blood sugar

10. There are two mechanisms used by the body for the production of ATP. They are
called……………………………….. and……………………………………..pathways.

11. Explain the process of ATP resynthesis.

12. The two types of ANAEROBIC SYTEMS called

iATPCiiAnarobic glycosis

13. Three points about the ATP-CP system

i)………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)…………………………………………………………………………………….

14. Three points about the ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS system

i)………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)…………………………………………………………………………………….

15. Three points about the AEROBIC system

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 i)………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)……………………………………………………………………………………..

iii)…………………………………………………………………………………….

16. Do all three energy systems work independently during exercise? Explain.

17. What are they key points you should include when describing the use of all energy systems
during exercise?

18. Give an example from a sporting situation.

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Energy Systems
1. What food would you eat the night before a marathon and why?

2. Why are fats important for our diet?

3. Why are carbohydrates the preferred source of energy during exercise?

4. In a 200m sprint, that lasts 25 seconds what energy systems are being
used, explain your answer?

5. Where is the atp-cp fuel source stored in the body?

6. If the atp-cp system and the anaerobic glycolysis system are used at the
same time during a period of a game, what is this called?

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 7. Label the graph in 3 colours showing the 3 energy systems contribution
in a 1500m race.
Intensity

Duration

8. Explain the process of how ATP is broken down to create energy for
movement?

9. List the by-products of the anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic systems.

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 10. Provide 3 specific sporting examples for each energy system

ATP – CP

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Aerobic

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 11. Fill in the following table naming and including the specific characteristics of each energy
system

ENERGY SYSTEM 1. 2. 3.

Fuel c)

a) b)

d)

e)

Intensity (% max HR)

f) g) h)

Duration as dominant

i) j) k)

Reason for fatigue

l) m) n)

Sporting example

o) q) s)

p) r) t)

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 12. Name the three main chemical food fuels that provide energy for physical activity. Also give
one main function in the human body, where they are broken down and stored, and two
food examples of each.

Fuel sources Broken down to and stored Main function Food examples
in e.g. glycogen in muscle

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Energy Systems Group Task

In groups of 2-3 put together a presentation that covers the energy systems:

 ATP-CP
 Anaerobic Glycolysis
 Aerobic Glycolysis

For each energy system include:

 What is the fuel? Where is the fuel stored after digestion?
 Explain how the system works?
 How long does it last?
 What type of activities are they used for? Give examples.
 How quickly are they replenished?
 How do the systems interplay?

Include in your presentation a 1-2 minute video and a class activity.

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NETBALL LAB ACTIVITY

For netball, compare and contrast the energy system contribution from a centre player to goal
keeper.

What would be the most predominant system that each player would use and why? Refer to
particular activities/ events that occurred in the game
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Besides that main energy system they would use, what is another system that would use? Refer to
particular activities/ events in the game.
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

What food fuels would you suggest for each position to eat before a game and why?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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Depending on the position, the predominant energy system will change.

Example 1: In netball the ATP-CP system would be the predominant energy system used
when a Centre sprints at maximum intensity or 100% to get into space to receive the ball.

Example 2: The Anaerobic Glycolysis would be predominantly used in netball when a

centre works at a high intensity for duration of up to 40 seconds. This could occur if a
team fails to score, resulting in a prolonged period of play. Also, during this time most of
the CP stores would have been depleted, therefore the body would rely on the anaerobic
glycolysis system for energy.

Example 3: The Aerobic System would be predominantly used by a centre in netball in

medium to low intensity phases of play when the ball is out of play or when returning for
a centre pass when a goal has been scored. An increased level of aerobic fitness would
mean that the centre would take longer to reach anaerobic threshold and therefore
would maintain anaerobic energy stores for longer. This means that a higher intensity can
be maintained throughout the duration of the game.

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 Phosphate Recovery Test
Name: _______________________________________________

Sprint # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total

Score

Best score: ___________

Worst score: __________

Depletion = best – worst

= _______________

QUESTION 1

Explain any changes you noticed in either yours or your partner’s results using your knowledge of
the energy systems. Which system was this test assessing?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 2

Using the data you have compiled within the table of your 7 sprints. Put the data into the form of a
graph below

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STEPS-

 Students if possible are to have another person available to help assess runs (if not possible
a guestimate will be fine)
1. Set up cones as follows:

Marker cones are placed two meters apart for the first 20 meters. At forty meters from the first
cone, cones would again be placed two meters apart to 60 meters (see diagram). The
subjects set themselves at the first cone (Start 1).

2. Student sprints 'all out' for seven seconds. After seven seconds, an observer (or runner
themselves) would note at what cone the subject had just past.
3. The subject then has a 23 second passive recovery (walk/jog) period before the next sprint.
4. For the second sprint subjects would set themselves at the last cone (Start 2), facing back
along the cones.
5. They would sprint again for seven seconds in the direction they had come. Again you stop
after 7 seconds, and the distance run recorded. This is repeated for a total of seven sprints.

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-Use draw feature to underline/highlight words you find

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All Systems Go Again! – Click View

Muscles and Their Energy Systems

1. What is the difference between a voluntary muscle and an involuntary muscle? Give an example of each.

2. Why do muscles contract?

To preforme Range of moments

3. How is the amount of force produced determined?

4. Describe the detailed structure of muscles. Students can create a diagram with labels to include muscle
fibres, myofibrils, myosin, actin etc.

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5. Define ATP and describe its main function.

6. Describe what you understand by the term ‘cross bridges’.

7. What are the two main muscle fibre types?

8. Give a sporting example for each muscle fibre types. Where would you expect to have a high proportion of
that particular muscle fibre?

9. What happens if you have a high proportion of mitochondria?

ATP-CP System

10. What does the term anaerobic mean?

11. In the description ATP-CP, what does CP stand for?

Creatine Phosphate

12. Define ADP.

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13. What is the role of CP in this instance?

14. What is the name of the enzyme which helps in this reaction?

15. State a time span for this particular energy system. Give 4 examples of sports where the energy for this
activity is predominantly provided by this reaction.

Anaerobic Glycolysis System

16. What do you understand by the term ‘glycogen’?

Sugar in the body

17. State a time span for this particular energy system. Give 4 examples of sports where the energy for this
activity is predominantly provided by this reaction.

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Aerobic System

18. What does this reaction rely upon?

19. State a time span for this particular energy system. Give 4 examples of sports where the energy for this
activity is predominantly provided by this reaction.

20. What is the main fuel needed for Aerobic Glycolysis?

21. What are the main waste products from this reaction?

22. Why does you heart rate and breathing rate increase whilst you are exercising aerobically?

23. What is the downside of using fat as the fuel for aerobic glycolysis?

A
24. When athletes use the expression ‘hitting the wall’, what do they mean?

25. What is the last possible fuel source for ATP synthesis when working aerobically?

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26. Using relevant examples, describe why just one energy system is not solely used in most team games?

27. What is the main source of energy for short, high intensity activities that last up to 30 seconds?

28. Draw and describe a graph for the provision of ATP during a 100 metre sprint. Show the interplay between
the three main energy systems – Aerobic – Anaerobic Glycolysis & - ATP-CP as lines on your graph.

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29. Draw a graph to represent the level of oxygen consumption from the start of sub-maximal exercise to the
end and then throughout recovery.

30. Define the term VO2 max and state the units it is measured in.

31. What are the average levels for VO2 max for an average sedentary male and an elite endurance athlete?

32. Calculate your maximum heart rate in beats per minute. Now work out how many beats per minute you
would have to be working at, to exercise at 85% of your heart rate max.

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Fatigue

33. What is the role of the Central Nervous System in fatigue?

34. Why are elite endurance athletes able to continue further than a sedentary person with physical activities?

35. Why does lactic acid build up in the muscles as a result of exercise?

36. What is ‘hypoglycaemia’?

37. What effect does the size of muscle groups have on recovery time?

38. What are the main effects of overtraining on an athlete?

39. Why is a warm down important?

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Energy Systems Checklist

 Food fuels Summary Table: function, stored as, site of storage,

proportion essential for diet, examples

 Glycaemic Index

 What is our preferred energy source? Why?

 Ideal Breakfast, Pre-Game & post game meals

 ATP & ADP- What are they?

 3 Energy systems- Duration (as dominant), Intensity (%max HR), Fuel

source (and its storage site) Limiting factors, Sporting examples

 For each system, how is ATP formed and what are the by-products (i.e

lactic acid for anaerobic Glycolysis)?

 ‘Predominate energy system’ examples?

 Energy System Interplay

 Practice writing energy system interplay questions i.e. 400m sprint

(graph their contributions)

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Glossary of Terms

Adenosine
diphosphate (ADP)

Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)

Aerobic energy
System

Amino Acids

Anaerobic Glycolysis
System

ATP Yield/capacity

ATP-CP system

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate
Loading

Creatine Phosphate

Energy System
Interplay

Fats

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Glucose

Glycaemic Index

Glycogen

Lactic Acid

‘Predominate’
energy system

Protein

Rate of ATP
production

Triglycerides

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