Purva Physics Practical PDF

Physics
Investigatory Project
TOPIC : SELF INDUCTANCE OF
COIL
NAME :KRUPA PRATAP PATIL

CLASS : XII SCIENCE-2
ROLL NO : 12
SESSION : 2024 -2025
SCHOOL : NASHIK CAMBRIDGE
SCHOOL
NASHIK CAMBRIDGE
SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Krupa Pratap Patil of class XII
science II has successfully completed
the Physics Project titled

"SELF INDUCTANCE OF COIL"
during the academic year 2024-2025.
The project was conducted under the guidance

of Mrs. Kanchan as per the norms of CBSE
Board.
SIGNATURE OF INTERNAL SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL

EXAMINER EXAMINER
SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I would like to express my

sincere gratitude to MY Physics
TEACHER Mrs. Kanchan for
their guidance and support
throughout this project. My
thanks also extend to my peers
and PRINCIPAL OF NASHIK
CAMBRIDE SCHOOL for their
valuable resources and
encouragement.
NAME: Krupa Pratap Patil

DATE :
CONTENTS
•AIM
• INTRODUCTION
• THEORY
•MATERIAL REQUIRED
• PROCEDURE
• RESULT
• PRECAUTION
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
:
AIM:
TO STUDY THE FACTOR ON WHICH

THE SELF-INDUCTANCE OF A COIL
DEPENDS BY OBSERVING THE
EFFECT OF THIS COIL, WHEN WE
PUT IN A SERIES WITH A
RESISTOR/BULB IN A CIRCUIT FED
UP BY AN AC SOURCE OF
ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY.
Introduction to Self-Inductance of a
Coil
in electromagnetism, which describes the behavior of

a coil when an electric current flows through it. It
refers to the coil’s ability to oppose changes in the
current induced electromotive force (emf). This
happens due to the magnetic field created around
the coil as current passes through it. When the
current in the coil changes, the magnetic field also
changes, which induces a voltage in the coil itself.
This induced voltage always acts in a direction that
opposes the change in current, a phenomenon
described by Lenz's Law. The measure of self-
inductance, denoted by the symbol 'L,' depends on
factors like the number of turns in the coil, its shape,
and the core material inside the coil.
a critical role in the design of transformers,

inductors, control current flow and store energy in
magnetic fields. This between electric and magnetic
fields, forming the basis for numerous technologies
in electrical engineering and electronics.
THEORY
Self-inductance is a property of a coil (or any conductor)

that opposes the change in the electric current passing
through it. When current flows through a coil, it generates a
magnetic field around it. If the current changes—whether
increasing or decreasing—the magnetic flux linked with the
coil also changes. This change in magnetic flux induces an
electromotive force (emf) within the coil itself, according to
Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction. This induced
emf acts to oppose the change in current, as per Lenz’s Law.
Mathematically, the induced emf (
ε) is given by:
ϵ=−L (dI\dt)
where:
• ϵ\epsilonϵ is the induced emf (in volts),
•L is the self-inductance of the coil (in henries, H), •dI\dt is the rate of
change of current (in amperes per
second).
The negative sign represents the opposing nature of the
induced emf (as explained by Lenz’s Law). The self-
inductance L depends on the coil’s geometry, the number of
turns in the coil, the cross-sectional area, and the permeability
of the core material. A higher number of turns or a core with
high magnetic permeability will increase the self-inductance,
making the coil more effective at resisting changes in current.
In essence, self-inductance characterizes a coil’s tendency to
"store" energy in its magnetic field when current flows through
it. This stored energy can be released when the current
decreases, playing a critical role in various electrical circuits
and devices like inductors, transformers, and motors.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
AC SOURCE OF ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY,

CONNECTING WIRES, AN ELECTRIC BULB OR
RESISTOR, RHEOSTAT, AC AMMETER, A
ONE-WAY KEY, SOFT IRON ROD, A COIL OF
LARGE TURNS AND PIECE OF SAND PAPER.
Procedure
(I).Setting Up the Elements in A Circuit 1.Before using the

connecting wires clean their ends with the help of sand
paper. Connect all the components as shown in the
circuit diagram. 2.Switch OFF the key K by pulling out
the plug from it. 3.Note the least count and zero error of
AC ammeter. 4.Switch ON the AC supply and insert the
plug key into it. 5.Maintain the constant current in the
circuit by using the rheostat Rh.
(II).When Ac source of 60Hz 6.Consider the frequency
of source to be 60Hz and voltage be 6V. 7.Note the
reading of the current in AC ammeter and observe the
brightness of the bulb. 8.Put a soft iron rod inside the
inductor core and note the reading of current in AC
ammeter and brightness of the bulb both are
decreased.
(III). When AC Source Of 50Hz 1. Now switch OFF the

supply and decrease the frequency of AC source say
50 Hz. 2. Again, switch ON the supply and adjust the
same constant voltage of 6V by using the variable
resistor or rheostat. Note reading of the current in the
ammeter and brightness of the bulb. The current and
brightness both are increased. 3. Insert an iron in the
core of coil again and record the current and
brightness. The current and brightness both are
decreased. Repeat the steps (9) to (11) by adjusting the
frequency of AC source such as 40Hz, 30Hz and 20 Hz.
VII. To test Coloured Saw Dust in Turmeric Powder.
Take about 2g of Turmeric Powder in a test tube and
5-6 drops of conc. HCL into it. Observe the change in
colour if any.
To Test Coloured Chalk Powder in Turmeric Powder Take

about 0.5g of turmeric powder in a test tube and add 1ml of
dilute H2SO4. Observe for the change, if any.
Result
1.The current in the circuit decreases on

inserting the iron rod in the core of coil
at constant frequency of applied voltage
and brightness of bulb also decreases and
vice-versa.
2.The current in the circuit increases on
applied
voltage and vice-versa, which shows that
the brightness of bulb increases.
Precaution
1. Before using the connecting wires,

their ends should be cleaned by using
sand paper.
2. The coil used must lave large number
of turns. The current should be passed
for small time to avoid excessive
heating.
3. The experiment should be performed
at low voltages only. To take two
consecutive observations, the
difference in frequency should not be
quite large.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the self-inductance of a coil is a crucial
phenomenon in electromagnetism that describes the
coil’s inherent ability to resist changes in the current
flowing through it by generating an opposing induced
electromotive force. This property arises due to the
changing magnetic field created by the flow of electric
current. Self-inductance plays a key role in storing energy
in magnetic fields and controlling current in various
electrical circuits. It forms the basis for essential
components like inductors and transformers, making it a
fundamental concept with broad applications in
electronics, electrical engineering, and electromagnetic
systems. Understanding self-inductance allows for better
design and operation of circuits that rely on the
manipulation and control of current flow.
Bibliography
Websites
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance
• https://byjus.com/jee/self-inductance/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/self-
inductance
• https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/316/lectures/node1
02.html

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Physics

NAME :KRUPA PRATAP PATIL

the Physics Project titled

The project was conducted under the guidance

SIGNATURE OF INTERNAL SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL

I would like to express my

NAME: Krupa Pratap Patil

TO STUDY THE FACTOR ON WHICH

in electromagnetism, which describes the behavior of

a critical role in the design of transformers,

Self-inductance is a property of a coil (or any conductor)

AC SOURCE OF ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY,

(I).Setting Up the Elements in A Circuit 1.Before using the

(III). When AC Source Of 50Hz 1. Now switch OFF the

To Test Coloured Chalk Powder in Turmeric Powder Take

1.The current in the circuit decreases on

1. Before using the connecting wires,

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