Unit-II

SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES

GREETINGS
GREETING SOMEONE
It is a regular habit to greet someone in our daily life. The following polite phrases are
common.
Phrases
Hi/ Hello
Good morning / Good afternoon/ Good evening
Hey/ Hi guys! (Informal)
Good to see you.
Nice to meet you.
How are you?
How do you do?

SAYING GOODBYE
In order to prevent the awkwardness because of our sudden end of a conversation, it’s better
to use the following phrases.
Phrases
It was good to see you.
It was great to see you again.
It was nice meeting you.
Have a good day!
Have a safe journey home!
Good bye!
Bye!
Bye-bye!
See you!
See you soon/ later/ tomorrow/ next week/ on Monday…!
Take care!
INTRODUCTION
Introducing oneself and others
The following phrases help us to introduce ourselves both casually and confidently.
Phrases
Introducing Oneself Introducing other people to Possible replies
someone
Hello, my name is May I introduce ….. to you? Nice to meet you.
…….
Hi, I’m …… I’d like you to meet my friend / Pleased to meet you.
colleague / cousin…
Hello, (our name) This is my friend…. Nice to see you.

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 Good evening. May I
introduce myself? I’m.. Have you met…..? How do you do?
Exercise
Make a dialogue on the following situations.
a) Two people introducing each other at the bus station.
b) One introducing one’s friend to another friend.
c) Introduce your parents to your teacher.
d) Introduce yourself to your neighbour.
e) Introduce yourself to your friends at your newly joined college.

INVITATIONS

Inviting others, Accepting the invitations & Rejecting the invitations

Sometimes, the time comes to us to invite someone for various occasions or in some
situations like to our house for dinner or to go to the movies or to any special events. Here are
some common expressions we can use for invitations and to respond when someone invites
us.

Phrases
Inviting
Do you want to come to the movie tonight?
Would you like to watch the movie with us tomorrow?
Would you be interested in going to the stadium next Sunday?
How about going to the movies?
How do you fancy going to the restaurant for dinner?
Would you care to come over for lunch?
I was just wondering if you would like to come over for dinner.
We’d be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.

Accepting Invitations Declining Invitations

Thank you for inviting me. I can’t. I have to work.
Sure. What time? This evening is no good. I have an appointment.
I’d love to, thanks. I’m busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check on
that?
That’s very kind of you, thanks. That’s very kind of you, but actually I’m doing
That sounds lovely, thank you. something else this afternoon.
What a great idea, thank you. Well, I’d love to, but I’m already going out to the
Sure. When should I be there? restaurant.
That would be very nice. I’m really sorry, but I’ve got something else on.
Why not? Sure. I really don’t think I can – I’m supposed to be
doing something else.

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 REQUESTS

Making Requests & Responding to requests.

It is important to be polite when we ask for something. We can make a request by using the
following phrases.
Phrases
 Can you….?
 Could you….?
 Will you….?
 Would you mind….?

Making Request Responding to Request

Can you show me your photo album, please? Sure, here you are.
Will you lend me your book, please? Okay.
Could you possibly show me the way to the library, please? No, I am sorry I need it.
Would you help me in completing the project, please? I’m afraid I can’t.
Would you mind lending me your pen, please? No, I don’t mind.

PERMISSION

Seeking permission, Granting and Refusing the permission

Seeking permission takes different forms. We have to use polite forms when asking for
permission to do something or use an object as we are asking a favour of that person.
Phrases
 Excuse me, may I….
 Can I….
 I wonder if I…..
 Would you mind if I….
 Could I….
Seeking permission
Can I go out with my friends?
Would you mind if I took a break for five minutes?
Would you mind my using your cell phone?
May I leave now?
Granting and denying permission
If we would like to say ‘yes’ to the permission, we can use different phrases whereas if we
want to deny, the following phrases can be used.

Granting Denying permission

permission
Sure. Sorry.
No problem. Unfortunately, I need to say no.
Go right ahead. I’m afraid that’s not possible.

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Please feel free to…. I am extremely sorry.

COMPLAINTS

Making Complaints & Responding to the complaints

There are a number of ways used when complaining. It’s important to remember that a direct
complaint can sound rude or aggressive. It’s good to mention a problem in an indirect
manner. Here are some of the phrases can be used common:
Phrases
 I’m sorry to have to say this, but….
 I’m sorry to bother you, but….
 I think you might have forgotten to….
 Excuse me if I’m out of line, but….
 Don’t get me wrong, but I think we should …..
Making complaint Responding to the complaint
I’m sorry to have to say this but I think we
I’m so sorry, but this will never happen again.
need to take another method. I’m sorry, we assure never to make the same mistake
I’m sorry to bother you, but I think you again.
need to refine this layout. We are really sorry, we’ll do our best not to do the
May be you forgot to include his name and same again.
number.
Excuse me if I’m out of line, but your
work has not been adequate.
Don’t get me wrong, but I think we should
concentrate on our working ways.

Asking for help, Offering help and Responding to help

Some situations are happened to us where our help or assistance should be offered and at
other times we would be in the position to ask help and it is also necessary to know how to
respond to the help asked. Here are some common phrases.
Phrases
When offering help When asking help When responding
Would you like some help? Could you give me a hand? I’d be delighted to
Can I give you a hand? Would you mind helping me out? My pleasure.
Do you need any help? Could you help me please? Thank you.
May I offer my assistance? I need some assistance, please. Of course. Sure.
Need any help?

Debate

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Debate is contention in argument; strife, dissension, quarrelling, controversy; especially a
formal discussion of subjects before a public assembly or legislature, in Parliament or in any
deliberative assembly.

How to Perform Well in a Debate

People may come up with the most stunning content for their argument, but the fact is that in
most cases, nearly one-third of the marking criteria goes to your delivery of the material.
While speaking passionately about poorly researched work probably won't win you a debate,
marrying factual evidence with emotional conviction will. No matter how analytical and
academic a debate is, your presentation will have a definite effect on your adjudicator, as well
as your audience. In a tight match, your win may rest on the drama of your performance.

Exploring the Art of Rhetoric

Discover how to persuade through Invention.

Assemble your argument with Arrangement.
Express your argument as you improve your Style.
Speak without paper by committing your speech to Memory.
Amplify your performance techniques, highlighting your Delivery.
Improving Your Linguistics
Eliminate filler words.
Find synonyms for overused language.
Speak slowly and enunciate.
Invent your rebuttals calmly.
Enhancing the Drama
Consolidate your movement.
Establish eye contact.
Diversify your tone.
Master the dramatic pause.
Close your debate with passion.

DEBATE TOPICS

 Are social networking sites effective, or are they just a sophisticated means for
stalking people?
 Is torture justified when used for national security?
 Should cell phones be banned in schools?
 Is peer pressure harmful or beneficial to individuals?
 Should violent video games be banned?
 Should the death penalty be taken away completely?
 Are beauty pageants a way to objectifying women?
 Should cigarettes be banned from society?
 Is it unethical to eat meat?
 Should homework be banned?

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  Can people move in together before they are married?
 Do celebrities make for bad role models?
 Are credit cards are more harmful than debit cards?
 Should the concept of zoos should be nullified?
 Should fried foods come with a warning?
 Should sex education be banned in middle schools?
 All schools should make it a requirement to teach arts and music to their students?
 Should juveniles be tried and treated as adults?
 Is human cloning justified, and should it be allowed?
 Has nuclear energy destroyed our society?
 Should parents not purchase war or destruction type toys for their children?
 Should animal dissections be banned in schools?
 Should plastic bags be banned?
 Are humans too dependent on computers?
 Are security cameras an invasion of our privacy?
 Should gay marriages be legalized?
 Is co-education a good idea?
 Does money motivates people more than any other factor in the workplace?
 Is it ethical for companies to market their products to children?
 Is age an important factor in relationships?
 Should school attendance be made voluntary in high school?
 Is the boarding school system beneficial to children?
 Are curfews effective in terms of keeping teens out of trouble?
 Should libraries have a list of books that are banned?
 Will posting students’ grades on bulletin boards publicly motivate them to perform
better or is it humiliating?
 Do school uniforms help to improve the learning environment?
 How far is competition necessary in regards to the learning process?
 Can bullying in schools be stopped? How so?
 Is it important for all schools to conduct mandatory drug testing on their students?

JAM

The principle of the game is very simple

A student has to speak for 60 seconds on a specific subject. However, they have to speak
without hesitation, repetition or deviation. By repetition we mean that the student has used
the same word more than once (this doesn’t include prepositions and suchlike but really only
applies to content words or phrases). Deviation means that the student has strayed off topic;
however it can also mean that the student is talking rubbish or making huge factual errors
with their statements. While the student is speaking they can be challenged by another
student who thinks they have hesitated, repeated a word or phrase or deviated. If the
challenge is successful (i.e. the teacher agrees) then the challenger is given a point and must
continue speaking on the same subject for the remainder of the 60 seconds.

A typical game might go as follows:

Teacher reads out the topic: My House.

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Student Maria starts talking.
Student Juan interrupts after 10 seconds for hesitation.
Teacher decides it was a valid interruption; Student Juan gets 1 point and has 50 seconds to
talk on the subject.
Student Tony interrupts after 20 seconds for repetition.
Teacher decides it was not a valid interruption; Student Juan gets 1 point (for a bad
interruption) and keeps the subject with 30 seconds remaining.
Student Maria interrupts after 5 seconds for deviation.
Teacher decides it was a valid interruption; Student Maria gets 1 point and has 27 seconds to
talk on the subject.
Student Maria completes 25 seconds with no interruption and gets 1 point for speaking when
the 60 seconds is finished.
Maria: 3 points
Juan: 2 points
Tony: 0 points

Preparation

The topics can be very simple. It is not a matter of thinking about complex sentences and
doing research before speaking, it’s merely about learning to speak fluently.

Typical topics might include:

My first day at school.

If I ruled the world.
A perfect day out.
My hero.
How to make a pizza.

The topic can be written up on the board and you can then give the class a few moments to
think about what to say before choosing a random student to begin speaking. In the classroom
a stopwatch is useful for timing

Public Speaking

The Importance of Public Speaking

Even if you don't need to make regular presentations in front of a group, there are plenty of
situations where good public speaking skills can help you advance your career and create
opportunities. For example, you might have to talk about your organization at a conference,
make a speech after accepting an award, or teach a class to new recruits. Speaking to an
audience also includes online presentations or talks; for instance, when training a virtual
team, or when speaking to a group of customers in an online meeting. Good public speaking
skills are important in other areas of your life, as well. You might be asked to make a speech
at a friend's wedding, give a eulogy for a loved one, or inspire a group of volunteers at a
charity event.

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In short, being a good public speaker can enhance your reputation, boost your self-
confidence , and open up countless opportunities. However, while good skills can open doors,
poor ones can close them. For example, your boss might decide against promoting you after
sitting through a badly-delivered presentation. You might lose a valuable new contract by
failing to connect with a prospect during a sales pitch. Or you could make a poor impression
with your new team, because you trip over your words and don't look people in the eye.
Make sure that you learn how to speak well!

Strategies for Becoming a Better Speaker

The good news is that speaking in public is a learnable skill. As such, you can use the
following strategies to become a better speaker and presenter.

Plan Appropriately
Practice
Engage With Your Audience
Pay Attention to Body Language
Think Positively
Cope With Nerves
Watch Recordings of Your Speeches
Research a topic
Focus
Organize ideas logically
Employ quotations, facts, and statistics
Master metaphors
Tell a story
Incorporate humor
Vary vocal pace, tone, and volume
Punctuate words with gestures
Utilize 3-dimensional space
Complement words with visual
Connect with the audience
Interact with the audience
Conduct a Q&A session
Obey time constraints
Craft an introduction
Exhibit confidence and poise
Handle unexpected issues smoothly
Be coherent when speaking off the cuff
Listen critically and analyze other speakers
Act and speak ethically
Topics for Public Speaking
My biggest concern for the future is...
Real wealth is never measured in money or possessions.
Conservation is survival.
Real love is not the stuff of pop songs.
If I were an animal I'd be a...
Plants have feelings too.

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Junk food's popularity relies on marketing.
To err is human. To forgive is divine. Discuss.
The world is a smaller place these days.
The more we communicate, the less we really say.
When I grow up...
To be grown up is a state of mind.
Goals are good for you.
The most important lesson of my life so far...
Intelligence is not enough.
If I ruled the world...
Color affects the way people feel.
Ill health begins in the mind.
Team sports build strong individuals.
Laughter is the best medicine.
Fools and their money are easily parted.
Discipline is not a dirty word.
Beauty is always in the eye of the beholder.
Children learn what they live with.
Poverty is a state of mind.
What characteristics make an ideal hero and why?
What and who is an average person?
Being young is over-rated.
In what situation is lying a good idea?
Does money make the world go round?
What human quality do we need more of and why?
Who has been the most influential person in your life and why?
How we look is unimportant. It's who we are on the inside that counts.
Fashion victims I have known.
Pets are for people who don't have children.
Summer is the best and worst of times. Why?
The media controls how and what we think.
Advertising targeting children is immoral.
Talking to someone and talking with someone are two different activities.
Real learning doesn't occur in a classroom.
What would you rather be - wise or intelligent?
True wisdom comes from experience.
A sense of humor is essential.
Uniforms stifle individuality.
What is normal is decided by the society we live in.
Manners matter.
Children should not watch television.
Art is essential to life.
Cities are for people not cars.
Peace is possible.
Review the last movie you saw.
Your favorite hybrid animals
Speed dating
The most successful person you know
How to buy a car
Your favorite smart phone apps

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