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1 Iron is extracted from its ore using coke in a blast furnace.

waste gases

raw materials:
coke,
iron ore,
limestone

air air
slag
molten iron

(a) Name the ore of iron which is mainly iron(III) oxide.

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(b) Describe the reactions occurring in the blast furnace.

In your answer, include:

● two reasons for using coke in the blast furnace

● a chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide

● an explanation for using limestone in the blast furnace.

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[Total: 7]

2 Iron is extracted from iron ore.

(a) Name an ore of iron.

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(b) Iron ore contains iron(III) oxide.

Iron(III) oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide in a blast furnace.

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

Fe2O3 + 3CO → ......Fe + ......CO2

[2]
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(c) Calcium carbonate is added to the blast furnace, where it undergoes thermal decomposition.

Calcium oxide is formed.

State the meaning of the term thermal decomposition.

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(d) Choose the correct statement about the reaction of calcium oxide in the blast furnace.

Tick (✓) one box.

It reacts with carbon monoxide to form slag.

It reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide and calcium.
It reacts with impurities in the iron ore to form slag.
It catalyses the removal of oxygen from iron(III) oxide.

[1]

[Total: 6]

3 Iron is extracted from iron ore in a blast furnace.

(a) Name an ore of iron.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Complete the chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide in the blast furnace.

Fe2O3 + .......CO → .......Fe + 3CO2 [2]

(ii) State the meaning of the term reduction.

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(c) Calcium carbonate (limestone) is added to the blast furnace.

The calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition.

State the meaning of the term thermal decomposition.

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........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]
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4 Tin is a metallic element in Group IV. Its main ore is cassiterite which is an impure form of tin(IV)
oxide, SnO2.
Tin also occurs in stannite, Cu2FeSnS4.

(a) Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of Cu2FeSnS4.

Mr of Cu2FeSnS4 ..................................... [1]

(b) The Mr of SnO2 is 151.

Calculate the percentage of tin by mass in SnO2.

percentage of tin by mass in SnO2 ..................................... [1]

(c) The percentage of tin by mass in Cu2FeSnS4 is 27.6 %.

Use this information and your answer to (b) to suggest whether it would be better to extract
tin from SnO2 or Cu2FeSnS4.
Explain your answer.

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[Total: 3]

5 The iron extracted from hematite using a blast furnace is impure.

Identify the main impurity in this iron and explain how it is removed in the steel-making process.

main impurity.............................................................................................................................

how it is removed......................................................................................................................

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[Total: 3]

6 Iron from the blast furnace is converted into steel using oxygen and basic oxides.
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(a) What is the purpose of the oxygen?

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(b) Which one of these oxides is a basic oxide?

Put a circle around the correct answer.

carbon dioxide nitrogen dioxide potassium oxide sulfur trioxide

Explain your answer.

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[Total: 3]

7 Iron from the Blast Furnace is impure. It contains about 5% of impurities, mainly carbon, sulfur,
silicon and phosphorus, which have to be removed when this iron is converted into steel.

Explain how the addition of oxygen and calcium oxide removes these impurities. Include an equation
for a reaction of oxygen and a word equation for a reaction of calcium oxide in this process.

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[Total: 5]
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8 Zinc and copper are elements next to each other in the Periodic Table.

Zinc is obtained from zinc blende in a two-step process.

● In step 1, zinc blende is converted into zinc oxide.

● In step 2, zinc oxide is converted into zinc in a blast furnace.

Outline how each of these steps are done.

In your answer:

● give one chemical equation for each step

● describe how zinc is removed from the blast furnace in step 2.

step 1 .......................................................................................................................................

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chemical equation ....................................................................................................................

step 2........................................................................................................................................

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chemical equation.....................................................................................................................

removal of zinc in step 2 ..........................................................................................................

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[Total: 5]

9 Ammonia, NH3, is used to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This happens in a three-stage process.

Stage 1 is a redox reaction.

4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

(a) Identify what is oxidised in stage 1.

Give a reason for your answer.

substance oxidised ...........................................................................................................

reason ..............................................................................................................................

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(b) In this reaction the predicted yield of NO is 512 g. The actual yield is 384 g.

Calculate the percentage yield of NO in this reaction.

percentage yield of NO = ................................... [1]

(c) The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is shown.

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

Which major environmental problem does NO2 cause if it is released into the atmosphere?

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(d) The equation for the reaction in stage 3 is shown.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Calculate the volume of O2 gas, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed to produce
1260 g of HNO3.
Use the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of HNO3.

moles of HNO3 = ....................................

• Deduce the number of moles of O2 that reacted.

moles of O2 = .........................................

• Calculate the volume of O2 gas that reacts at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

3
volume of O2 gas = ...................................... dm [4]
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(e) The reaction in stage 3 is exothermic.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow that clearly shows the
energy change during the reaction.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
energy

progress of reaction

[3]

[Total: 11]
3
10 A 25.0 cm sample of limewater is placed in a conical flask.

The concentration of Ca(OH)2 in the limewater is determined by titration with dilute hydrochloric
acid, HCl.

(a) Name the item of apparatus used to measure the volume of acid in this titration.

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(b) State the type of reaction which takes place.

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(c) As well as limewater and dilute hydrochloric acid, state what other type of substance must be
added to the conical flask.

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(d) The equation for the reaction is shown.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O

3 3 3
20.0 cm of 0.0500 mol / dm HCll reacts with the 25.0 cm of Ca(OH)2.
3
Determine the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in g / dm . Use the following steps.
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3 3
(i) Calculate the number of moles in 20.0 cm of 0.0500 mol / dm HCl.

.............................................mol [1]
3
(ii) Determine the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 in 25.0 cm of the limewater.

.............................................mol [1]
3
(iii) Calculate the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in mol / dm .

3
.....................................mol / dm [1]
3
(iv) Determine the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in g / dm .

3
........................................g / dm [2]

[Total: 8]