1 Crystals of sodium sulphate-10-water, Na2SO4.10H2O, are prepared by titration.

burette filled with

sulphuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide(aq)

concentration 2.24 mol / dm3
(a) 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide is pipetted into a conical flask.
A few drops of an indicator are added. Using a burette, dilute sulphuric acid is slowly
added until the indicator just changes colour. The volume of acid needed to neutralise
the alkali is noted.
Suggest how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium
sulphate-10-water.

[4]
3 3
(b) Using 25.0 cm of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.24 mol / dm , 3.86 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Na2SO4 + 10H2O Na2SO4.10H2O

Number of moles of NaOH used =

Maximum number of moles of Na2SO4.10H2O that could be formed =

Mass of one mole of Na2SO4.10H2O = 322 g

Maximum yield of sodium sulphate-10-water = g

Percentage yield = % [4]

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[Total: 8]
2 (a (i) Write a symbol equation for the action of heat on zinc hydroxide.

[2]

(ii) Describe what happens when solid sodium hydroxide is heated strongly.

[1]

(b) What would be observed when copper(II) nitrate is heated?

[3]

(c) Iron(III) sulphate decomposes when heated. Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide
formed and the volume of sulphur trioxide produced when 10.0 g of iron(III) sulphate
was heated.
Mass of one mole of Fe2(SO4)3 is 400 g.

Fe2(SO4)3 (s) Fe2O3 (s) + 3SO3 (g)

Number of moles of Fe2(SO4)3 =

Number of moles of Fe2O3 formed =

g
Mass of iron(III) oxide formed =

Number of moles of SO3 produced =

Volume of sulphur trioxide at r.t.p. = dm3 [5]

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3 Calcium and other minerals are essential for healthy teeth and bones. Tablets can be taken
to provide these minerals.

Healthy Bones
Each tablet contains
calcium
magnesium
zinc
copper
boron

(a) Boron is a non-metal with a macromolecular structure.

(i) What is the valency of boron?

...........................................................................

(ii) Predict two physical properties of boron.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Name another element and a compound that have macromolecular structures.

element …………………..

compound ………………………

(iv) Sketch the structure of one of the above macromolecular substances.

[7]
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 (b) Describe the reactions, if any, of zinc and copper(II) ions with an excess of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

(i) zinc ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) copper(II) ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Each tablet contains the same number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3. One tablet
reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 0.24 dm3 of carbon dioxide at r.t.p.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + 2O

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + CO2 + 2O

(i) Calculate how many moles of CaCO3 there are in one tablet.

number of moles CO2 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 = ..............

[3]

(ii) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to react with one
tablet.

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in one tablet = ..............

Use your answer to (c)(i).

number of moles of HCl needed to react with one tablet = ..............

volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to

react with one tablet = ..............
[2]

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4 Sulphur dioxide, SO2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3, are the two oxides of sulphur.

(a) Sulphur dioxide can kill bacteria and has bleaching properties. Give a use of sulphur
dioxide that depends on each of these properties.

(i) ability to kill bacteria .............................................................................................[1]

(ii) bleaching properties .............................................................................................[1]

(b) Sulphur trioxide can be made from sulphur dioxide.

(i) Why is this reaction important industrially?

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the word equation.

sulphur dioxide + ……………….……………………… → sulphur trioxide [1]

(iii) What are the conditions for this reaction?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Sulphur dioxide is easily oxidised in the presence of water.

SO2 + 2H2O – 2e– → SO42– + 4H+

(i) What colour change would be observed when an excess of aqueous sulphur
dioxide is added to an acidic solution of potassium manganate(VII)?

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) To aqueous sulphur dioxide, acidified barium chloride solution is added. The mixture
remains clear. When bromine is added, a thick white precipitate forms. What is the
white precipitate? Explain why it forms.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(d) Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine in an addition reaction to form sulphuryl chloride.

SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2

8.0 g of sulphur dioxide was mixed with 14.2 g of chlorine. The mass of one mole of
SO2Cl2 is 135 g.

Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed by this mixture.

Calculate the number of moles of SO2 in the mixture = ………………

Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in the mixture = ………………

Which reagent was not in excess? ………………………….

How many moles of SO2Cl2 were formed = ……………….

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Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed = …………. g [5]