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STEEL BEAM SPLICE COVER PLATE EXAMPLE

STEEL BEAM SPLICE DESIGN (EN1993)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009
Tedds calculation version 1.0.02

Design summary
Overall design status PASS
Overall design utilisation 0.879
Description Unit Design Resistance Utilisation Result
Flange bolt group kN 68.7 94.1 0.730 PASS
Flange bolt slip resist. SLS kN 45.7 62.4 0.732 PASS
Flange plate compression kN 411.9 576.1 0.715 PASS
Flange plate tension flange kN 325.4 547.5 0.594 PASS
Flange plate block tearing kN 325.4 798.7 0.407 PASS
Flange compression kN 411.9 663.2 0.621 PASS
Flange tension kN 325.4 621.6 0.524 PASS
Web bolt group kN 122.6 139.4 0.879 PASS
Web bolt slip resist. SLS kN 81.6 124.7 0.654 PASS
Web plate shear kN 150.0 850.1 0.176 PASS
Web plate block tearing kN 150.0 1037.0 0.145 PASS
Web plate combined 0.554 PASS
Beam web net shear kN 150.0 784.6 0.191 PASS

Design forces
Design moment (ULS) MEd = 200.0 kNm
Design moment (SLS) MEd,ser = 133.0 kNm
Design shear force (ULS) VEd = 150.0 kN
Design shear force (SLS) VEd,ser = 100.0 kN
Design axial force (ULS) NEd = 150.0 kN
Design axial force (SLS) NEd,ser = 100.0 kN
Partial factors
Resistance of cross section M0 = 1.00
Resistance of members to instability M1 = 1.00
Cross sections in tension to fracture M2 = 1.10
Resistance of bolts M2,b = 1.25
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Slip resistance M3 = 1.25

Slip resistance, servicability M3,ser = 1.10
Structural integrity M,u = 1.10

Beam details
Section name UB 457x191x67
Steel grade S275
Yield strength fy,bm = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fu,bm = 410 N/mm2
Section height h = 453.4 mm
Section width b = 189.9 mm
Flange thickness tf = 12.7 mm
Web thickness tw = 8.5 mm
Gap between beams gv = 10.0 mm

Flange bolt details

Number of bolt rows n1,fp = 3
Bolt size M20
Bolt grade 8.8
Yield strength fyb,fp = 640 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fub,fp = 800 N/mm2
End distance in plate e1,fp = 60 mm
End distance in beam e1,cf = 60 mm
Edge distance in plate e2,fp = 30 mm
Bolt pitch p1,fp = 80 mm
Bolt gauge p2,fp = 120 mm
Flange plate details
Plate width bfp,ext = 2  e2,fp + p2,fp = 180 mm
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Plate length lfp = gv + 2  (n1,fp - 1)  p1,fp + 2  (e1,cf + e1,fp) = 570 mm

Plate thickness tfp = 12 mm
Plate grade S275
Yield strength fy,fp = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fu,fp = 410 N/mm2
Web bolt details
Number of bolt columns n1,wp = 2
Number of bolt rows n2,wp = 3
Bolt size M20
Bolt grade 8.8
Yield strength fyb,wp = 640 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fub,wp = 800 N/mm2
End distance in plate e1,wp = 50 mm
End distance in beam e1,cw = 70 mm
Edge distance in plate e2,wp = 50 mm
Bolt gauge p1,wp = 85 mm
Bolt pitch p2,wp = 120 mm
Web plate details
Number of web plates Nwp = 2
Plate width bwp = gv + 2  (n1,wp - 1)  p1,wp + 2  (e1,cw + e1,wp) = 420 mm
Plate height hwp = (n2,wp - 1)  p2,wp + 2  e2,wp = 340 mm
Plate thickness twp = 10 mm
Plate grade S275
Yield strength fy,wp = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fu,wp = 410 N/mm2
Continuity - EN1993-1-8 cl.6.2.7.1(13)
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13 Mc,y,Rd = Wpl.y  fy,bm / M0 = 407.4 kNm
Min design bending resist. momnt for continuity MEd,cont = 0.25  Mc,y,Rd = 101.8 kNm
MEd,cont / MEd = 0.509
MEd is greater or equal to 0.25  Mc,y,Rd so continuity is satisfied

Internal forces - ULS

Second moment of area Iy,web = (h - 2  tf)3  tw / 12 = 5554 cm4
Area of web Aw = (h - 2  tf)  tw = 3638 mm2
Force in each flange due to moment Ff,M = (1 - (Iy,web / Iy))  MEd / (h - tf) = 368.7 kN
Force in each flange due to axial force Ff,N = (1 - Aw / A)  NEd / 2 = 43.3 kN
Total force in tension flange Ftf = max(Ff,M - Ff,N, 0kN) = 325.4 kN
Total force in compression flange Fcf = max(Ff,M + Ff,N, 0kN) = 411.9 kN
Flange bolt forces - ULS
Force in compression flange bolts Fcf,v = Fcf / (2  n1,fp) = 68.7 kN
Force in tension flange bolts Ftf,v = Ftf / (2  n1,fp) = 54.2 kN
Maximum design force on flange bolts Ff,v,Ed = max(Fcf,v, Ftf,v) = 68.7 kN
Flange bolt resistance (Table 3.4)
Flange plate bearing strength fu,fp  tfp = 4920 kN/m
Beam flange bearing strength fu,bm  tf = 5207 kN/m
Critical section for bearing Flange plate
Bolt shear area As,fp = 245.0 mm2
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Shear area factor v,fp = 0.6

Length of joint Lj = (n1,fp - 1)  p1,fp = 160 mm
Reduction factor due to length of joint LF,fp = 1.000
Shear resistance of single bolt Fv,fp,Rd = v,fp  fub,fp  As,fp / M2,b = 94.1 kN
Bolt bearing factors k1,f = min(2.8  e2,fp / d0,fp - 1.7, 1.4  p2,fp / d0,fp - 1.7, 2.5) = 2.12
b,f = min(e1,fp / (3  d0,fp), p1,fp / (3  d0,fp) - 1/4, fub,fp / fu,fp, 1.0) = 0.91
Bearing resistance of bolt Fb,f,Rd = k1,f  b,f  fu,fp  db,fp  tfp / M2,b = 151.6 kN
Design resistance of bolt Ff,Rd = min(Fv,fp,Rd, Fb,f,Rd) = 94.1 kN
Ff,v,Ed / Ff,Rd = 0.730
PASS - Bolt resistance exceeds applied force on bolt
Internal forces - SLS
Force in each flange due to moment Ff,M,ser = (1 - (Iy,web / Iy))  MEd,ser / (h - tf) = 245.2 kN
Force in each flange due to axial force Ff,N,ser = (1 - Aw / A)  NEd,ser / 2 = 28.8 kN
Total force in tension flange Ftf,ser = max(Ff,M,ser - Ff,N,ser, 0kN) = 216.3 kN
Total force in compression flange Fcf,ser = max(Ff,M,ser + Ff,N,ser, 0kN) = 274.0 kN
Flange bolt forces - SLS
Force in compression flange bolts Fcf,v,ser = Fcf,ser / (2  n1,fp) = 45.7 kN
Force in tension flange bolts Ftf,v,ser = Ftf,ser / (2  n1,fp) = 36.1 kN
Maximum design force on flange bolts Ff,v,Ed,ser = max(Fcf,v,ser, Ftf,v,ser) = 45.7 kN
Flange bolt resistance SLS
Pre-loading force Fp,C,fp,ser = 0.7  fub,fp  As,fp = 137.2 kN
Bolt type factor ks = 1.00
Slip factor  = 0.50
Slip resistance of single bolt Fs,fp,Rd,ser = ks    Fp,C,fp,ser / M3,ser = 62.4 kN
Ff,v,Ed,ser / Fs,fp,Rd,ser = 0.732
PASS - Bolt resistance exceeds applied force on bolt
Flange cover plates - resistance of plates in compression
Gross area of plate to 1 flange Afp = bfp,ext  tfp = 2160 mm2
Pitch between the bolts rows of the splice p1,j = max(2  e1,cf + gv, p1,fp) = 130 mm
Critical buckling length Lcr = 0.6  p1,j = 78 mm
Steel strength factor (cl.6.3.1.3)  = (235N/mm2 / fy,fp) = 0.92
Radius of gyration of plate iz,fp = tfp / (12) = 3.5 mm
Non-dimensional slenderness factor (cl.6.3.1.3) 1 = 93.9   = 86.80
 = Lcr / iz,fp  1 / 1 = 0.26
Buckling curve - solid section (Table 6.2) c
Imperfection factor (Table 6.1)  = 0.49
Buckling reduction factor (cl.6.3.1.2)  = 0.5  (1 +   ( - 0.2) + 2) = 0.55
fp = 1 / ( + (2 - 2)) = 0.97
Design compressive resistance (eqn. 6.47) Nb,fp,Rd = fp  Afp  fy,fp / M1 = 576.06 kN
Utilisation Fcf / Nb,fp,Rd = 0.715
PASS - Flange cover plate compressive resistance greater than design compressive force
Flange cover plates - resistance of plates in tension
Net area of plate to 1 flange Afp,net = Afp - 2  tfp  d0,fp = 1632 mm2
Tension resistance of gross area (eqn.6.6) Npl,fp,Rd = Afp  fy,fp / M0 = 594 kN
Tension resistance of net area (eqn.6.6) Nu,fp,Rd = 0.9  Afp,net  fu,fp / M2 = 547.46 kN
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Design tension resistance Nt,fp,Rd = min(Npl,fp,Rd, Nu,fp,Rd) = 547.46 kN

Utilisation Ftf / Nt,fp,Rd = 0.594
PASS - Flange cover plate tensile resistance greater than design tensile force
Flange cover plates - block tearing
Net area of plate to subject to shear Afp,nv = 2  tfp  (e1,fp + (n1,fp - 1)  p1,fp - (n1,fp - 0.5)  d0,fp) = 3960 mm2
Net area of plate to subject to tension Afp,nt = tfp  (2  e2,fp - d0,fp) = 456 mm2
Block tearing resistance (EN1993-1-8 eqn.3.9) Nbt,Rd = fu,fp  Afp,nt / M2 + fy,fp  Afp,nv / ((3)  M0) = 798.7 kN
Utilisation Ftf / Nbt,Rd = 0.407
PASS - Flange cover plate block tearing resistance greater than design tensile force
Beam flange - resistance in compression
Gross area of flange Af = b  tf = 2411.7 mm2
Assume  is 1.0 due to presence of beam web  = 1.00
Design compressive resistance (eqn. 6.47) Nb,Rd =   Af  fy,bm / M1 = 663.23 kN
Utilisation Fcf / Nb,Rd = 0.621
PASS - Beam flange compressive resistance greater than design compressive force
Beam flange - resistance in tension
Net area of flange Af,net = Af - 2  tf  d0,fp = 1852.9 mm2
Tension resistance of gross area (eqn.6.6) Npl,Rd = Af  fy,bm / M0 = 663.23 kN
Tension resistance of net area (eqn.6.6) Nu,Rd = 0.9  Af,net  fu,bm / M2 = 621.57 kN
Design tension resistance Nt,Rd = min(Npl,Rd, Nu,Rd) = 621.57 kN
Utilisation Ftf / Nt,Rd = 0.524
PASS - Beam flange tensile resistance greater than design tensile force
Internal forces - ULS
Moment in the web (at the CL of the splice) Mw = MEd  Iy,web / Iy = 37.5 kNm
Force in web due to axial force Fw,N = NEd  Aw / A = 63.5 kN
Force in web due to vertical shear Fw,V = VEd = 150.0 kN
Web bolt forces - ULS
Web bolt group inertia Ib,wp = 68438 mm2
Extreme horiz. bolt position from group centroid xmax = (p1,wp  (n1,wp - 1 )) / 2 = 42.5 mm
Extreme vert. bolt position from group centroid zmax = (p2,wp  (n2,wp - 1 )) / 2 = 120.0 mm
Number of bolts in bolt group nwp = n1,wp  n2,wp = 6
Add. moment due to eccentricity of bolt group Madd = VEd  (gv / 2 + e1,cw + (p1,wp  (n1,wp - 1 )) / 2) = 17.6 kNm
Horizontal component of force on extreme bolt Fx,M = (Mw + Madd)  zmax / Ib,wp = 96.7 kN
Vertical component of force on extreme bolt Fz,M = (Mw + Madd)  xmax / Ib,wp = 34.2 kN
Resultant force on extreme bolt Fw,v,Ed = ((Fz,M + Fw,V / nwp)2 + (Fx,M + Fw,N / nwp)2)0.5 = 122.6 kN
Web bolt resistance (Table 3.4)
Web plate bearing strength fu,wp  Nwp  twp = 8200 kN/m
Beam web bearing strength fu,bm  tw = 3485 kN/m
Critical section for bearing Beam web
Bolt shear area As,wp = 245.0 mm2
Shear area factor v,wp = 0.6
Shear resistance of single bolt Fv,wp,Rd = Nwp  v,wp  fub,wp  As,wp / M2,b = 188.2 kN
Bolt bearing factors k1,w = min(1.4  p2,wp / d0,wp - 1.7, 2.5) = 2.50
b,w = min(e1,cw / (3  d0,wp), p1,wp / (3  d0,wp) - 1/4, fub,wp / fu,bm, 1.0) =
1.00
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Bearing resistance of bolt Fb,w,Rd = k1,w  b,w  fu,bm  db,wp  tw / M2,b = 139.4 kN
Design resistance of bolt Fw,Rd = min(Fv,wp,Rd, Fb,w,Rd) = 139.4 kN
Fw,v,Ed / Fw,Rd = 0.879
PASS - Bolt resistance exceeds applied force on bolt
Internal forces - SLS
Moment in the web (at the CL of the splice) Mw,ser = MEd,ser  Iy,web / Iy = 25.0 kNm
Force in web due to axial force Fw,N,ser = NEd,ser  Aw / A = 42.3 kN
Force in web due to vertical shear Fw,V,ser = VEd,ser = 100.0 kN
Web bolt forces - SLS
Add. moment due to eccentricity of bolt group Madd,ser = VEd,ser  (gv / 2 + e1,cw + (p1,wp  (n1,wp - 1 )) / 2) = 11.8 kNm
Horizontal component of force on extreme bolt Fx,M,ser = (Mw,ser + Madd,ser)  zmax / Ib,wp = 64.4 kN
Vertical component of force on extreme bolt Fz,M,ser = (Mw,ser + Madd,ser)  xmax / Ib,wp = 22.8 kN
Resultant force on extreme bolt Fw,v,Ed,ser = ((Fz,M,ser + Fw,V,ser / nwp)2 + (Fx,M,ser + Fw,N,ser / nwp)2)0.5 = 81.6
kN
Web bolt resistance SLS
Pre-loading force Fp,C,wp,ser = 0.7  fub,wp  As,wp = 137.2 kN
Slip resistance of single bolt Fs,wp,Rd,ser = ks  Nwp    Fp,C,wp,ser / M3,ser = 124.7 kN
Fw,v,Ed,ser / Fs,wp,Rd,ser = 0.654
PASS - Bolt resistance exceeds applied force on bolt
Resistance of web cover plate in shear
Resist. of gross shear area of web plate (Eqn.6.18) Vwp,g,Rd = 2  hwp  twp  fy,wp / (1.27  (3)  M0) = 850.11 kN
Net area of web plate Av,wp,net = (hwp - n2,wp  d0,wp)  twp = 2740 mm2
Resist. of net shear area of web plate (Eqn.6.18) Vwp,net,Rd = 2  Av,wp,net  fu,wp / ((3)  M2) = 1179.26 kN
Plastic resistance of web cover plate Vpl,wp,Rd = min(Vwp,g,Rd, Vwp,net,Rd) = 850.11 kN
VEd / Vpl,wp,Rd = 0.176
PASS - Shear resistance of web plate exceeds applied shear
Block tearing of web cover plate
Area subject to tension Ant = twp  (e1,wp - d0,wp / 2) = 390 mm2
Area subject to shear Anv = twp  (hwp - e2,wp - (n2,wp - 0.5)  d0,wp) = 2350 mm2
Block tearing resistance Vb,Rd = 2  (fu,wp  Ant / M2 + fy,wp  Anv / ((3)  M0)) = 1036.95 kN
VEd / Vb,Rd = 0.145
PASS - Block tearing resistance of web plate exceeds applied shear
Resistance of beam web shear accounting for holes
Height of web hw = h - 2  tf = 428.0 mm
 = 1.000
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3) Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) = 4207 mm2
Net shear area Av,net = Av - (n2,wp  d0,wp  tw) = 3646 mm2
Design shear net resistance - cl 6.2.6(2) Vnw,Rd = Av,net  fu,bm / ((3)  M2) = 784.6 kN
VEd / Vnw,Rd = 0.191
PASS - Net shear resistance of beam web exceeds applied shear force
Resistance of web cover plate to combined bending, shear and axial
Elastic modulus of web cover plate Wwp = twp  hwp2 / 6 = 192667 mm3
Bending resistance of web cover plate Mc,wp,Rd = 2  Wwp  fy,wp / M0 = 106.0 kNm
Axial resistance of web cover plate Nwp,Rd = 2  twp  hwp  fy,wp = 1870.0 kN
Appied moment Mwp,Ed = Mw + Madd = 55.2 kNm
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Applied axial force Nwp,Ed = Fw,N = 63.5 kN

Interaction formula Nwp,Ed / Nwp,Rd + Mwp,Ed / Mc,wp,Rd = 0.554
PASS - Combined bending, shear and axial check satisfied