Lecture Slides Part 1
Lecture Slides Part 1
Lecture Slides Part 1
Dr. Vikrant
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
1
Fluidization Technology
2
Function of solid
Function of gases Equipment in practice
materials
Materials do not
Aerodynamic dryers
Heat carrier and material react to gases
loading and transportation
3
Function of gases Function of solid materials Equipment in practice
•Gasification equipment
•Chemical reaction
•Catalytic reconstitution
•Activated material for
•Oxidation equipment
chemical reactions
Chemical agents •Processing of metallurgical
•As inert material which is
surfaces and annealing
used in fluidized bed
furnace
combustion of boiler
5
Fundamentals of fluidization
7
8
(Spherical)-Particles Packing
11
Minimum Fluidization Velocity
12
Minimum Fluidization Velocity
13
Minimum Fluidization Velocity
Upward force on the bed = Net weight of particles
∆𝑃
∆𝑃 A = 1 − 𝜀 𝐴𝐻 𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 𝑔 ⇒ = 1 − 𝜀 𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 𝑔
𝐻
∆𝑃 𝜇 1 − 𝜀 2𝑢 1 − 𝜀 𝜌𝑓 𝑢2
= 150 2 + 1.75 3
𝐻 𝜀 3 𝜙𝑑𝑝 𝜀 𝜙𝑑𝑝
𝐴𝑢2 + 𝐵𝑢 = 𝐶
Archimedes Number
3
𝜌𝑓 𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 𝜙𝑑𝑝 𝑔
𝐴𝑟 =
𝜇2 𝐾1 𝑅𝑒 2 + 𝐾2 𝑅𝑒 = 𝐴𝑟
Reynolds Number
𝜌𝑓 𝑑𝑝 𝑢
𝑅𝑒𝑝 =
𝜇 15
16
Anantharaman. A, et. al. Powder Technology 323 (2018) 454–485 17
Anantharaman. A, et. al. Powder Technology 323 (2018) 454–485 18
Terminal Velocity of particle
1Τ2
4𝑑𝑝 𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 𝑔
𝑢𝑡 = here CD is an experimentally determined drag coefficient.
3𝜌𝑓 𝐶𝐷
𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 𝑔𝑑𝑝2
For small particles, to use strokes law 𝑢𝑡 =
18μ
21
𝑢𝑡
ൗ𝑢𝑚𝑓 vs particle diameter
22
23
Fluidization Geldart’s Classic Classification of Powders
• Fluid Bed
• Particles
• mean particle size, Angular
• Shape Factor
• Void fraction = 0.4 (bulk density)
28
Group A
29
Group B
30
Group D
31
𝒖𝒎𝒃
Implications ൗ𝒖𝒎𝒇
32
Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
33
35