Section B Description Final

INDEX EID PARRY (INDIA) LIMITED
Section Overview ......................................................................................................................1
1. Feed Water System ...............................................................................................................5

1.1 Condensate Tank ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Transfer Water Control Station ............................................................................................. 5
1.2.1 Pump Suction Piping .........................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Transfer Pump..................................................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Pump Discharge Piping .....................................................................................................................6
1.2.4 Control Station..................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Deaerator Vapour Tank / Feed Water Storage Tank ............................................................... 6
1.4 Feed Water Control Station................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Pump Suction Piping .........................................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Feed Pump ..................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.3 Cooling Water System..................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.4 Minimum Flow & Balancing Leak-Off Line ........................................................................................ 10
1.4.5 Discharge Piping ............................................................................................................................. 10
1.4.6 Control Station................................................................................................................................ 11
2. Boiler Pressure Part Description ........................................................................................13
2.1 ECONOMISER .................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 DRUM COIL HEATER .......................................................................................................... 14
2.3 STEAM DRUM .................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS............................................................................................................... 15
2.4 DOWN COMER TUBES ........................................................................................................ 15
2.5 FURNACE .......................................................................................................................... 15
2.5.1 FRONT WALL.................................................................................................................................. 16
2.5.2 REAR WALL .................................................................................................................................... 16
2.5.3 INTERMEDIATE PANEL ................................................................................................................... 16
2.5.4 R.H & L.H SIDE WALL (PASS I & II) ................................................................................................ 16
2.5.5 R.H & L.H SIDE WALL (PASS III)..................................................................................................... 17
2.6 EVAPORATOR COILS .......................................................................................................... 17
2.7 SCrEEN TUBES................................................................................................................... 17
2.8 RISER TUBES..................................................................................................................... 17
2.9 SATURATED STEAM SUPPLY TUBES .................................................................................... 17
2.10 SUPERHEATER – I............................................................................................................ 17
2.11 ATTEMPERATOR .............................................................................................................. 18
2.12 SUPER HEATER - II .......................................................................................................... 18
3. MAIN STEAM PIPING ..........................................................................................................19
4. BOILER BLOW DOWN SYSTEM...........................................................................................20

4.1 CBD DRAIN ....................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 OTHER DRAINS ................................................................................................................. 20
4.3 COMMON BLOWDOWN TANK ............................................................................................. 21
5. AIR AND GAS SYSTEM ........................................................................................................21
5.1 FD FAN.............................................................................................................................. 21
5.1.1 AEROFOIL ...................................................................................................................................... 22
5.2 SteAm Coil AIR PRE HEATER (SCAPH) ................................................................................. 22
5.3 SA FAN.............................................................................................................................. 23
5.4 AIR DUCTS ........................................................................................................................ 23
5.4.1 COMBUSTION AIR TO FURNACE ..................................................................................................... 23
5.4.2 SECONDARY AIR (OVER FIRE AIR) SYSTEM .................................................................................... 23
5.4.3 AIR DUCT TO PNEUMATIC SPREADER............................................................................................. 24
6. FLUE GAS SYSTEM...............................................................................................................24

6.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................... 24
Section B Page I
INDEX EID PARRY (INDIA) LIMITED
6.2 BAG FILTER....................................................................................................................... 25

6.3 ID FAN .............................................................................................................................. 25
6.4 RAPPING SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 25
7. FUEL FEEDING & FIRING SYSTEM .....................................................................................27
Fuel feeding system comprises the following .......................................................................27

7.1 COAL BUNKER ................................................................................................................... 27
7.2 SCREW FEEDERS ............................................................................................................... 27
7.3 SPENT WASH CONTROL (SPW) STATION ............................................................................ 28
7.4 SPENT WASH (SPW) FIRING SYSTEM ................................................................................. 28
7.5 COMBUSTOR ..................................................................................................................... 28
7.5.1 AIR NOZZLES ................................................................................................................................. 29
7.5.2 BED DRAIN PIPES........................................................................................................................... 29
7.5.3 BED LEVEL INDICATORS................................................................................................................. 29
7.5.4 BED THERMOCOUPLES ................................................................................................................... 29
7.5.5 REFRACTORY ................................................................................................................................. 29
8. BED ASH DRAIN SYSTEM....................................................................................................29
8.1 BED DRAIN PIPEs .............................................................................................................. 29
9. CHEMICAL DOSING & SAMPLING SYSTEM........................................................................29
9.1 LP DOSING SYSTEM........................................................................................................... 29
9.2 H.P DOSING SYSTEM ......................................................................................................... 30
9.3 DESCRIPTION OF DOSING SYSTEM SKID (LP & HP) ............................................................ 30
9.4 SAMPLING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................ 31
Section B Page II
THERMAX LIMITED PROJECT: EID PARRY (INDIA) LIMITED
B&H GROUP, SIVAGANGA
PUNE, INDIA PROJECT NO.: PJ 0041
Section Overview
This section gives a brief overview of the boiler and its associated systems. The description
of the various systems that is part of the boiler package is also included. Aim of this section
is to make the reader familiar with the boiler package components before introducing the
operation and maintenance sections.
Over View of Fluid Bed Boiler
In the 1970s, fluidised-bed combustion technology was first applied to large scale utility
boilers to explore new ways of burning solid fuels, especially high sulphur coal, in an
environmentally acceptable and efficient manner. In concept, fluidised beds burn fuel in an
air-suspended mass (or bed) of particles. By controlling bed temperature and using reagents
like limestone as bed material, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2)
can be controlled. Additional benefits of fluidised-bed combustion include wide fuel flexibility
and the ability to combust fuels such as bio-mass or waste fuels, which are difficult to burn
in conventional systems because of their low heating value, low volatile matter, high
moisture content or other challenging characteristics. In coal-fired systems, the fuel is
burned in an air-suspended bed of limestone and inert ash particles where SO2 is absorbed
by the limestone and NOx formation is limited by lower operating temperatures and staged
combustion, when used. This technology is now used in a variety of industrial and utility
boiler applications.
The Fluidised-Bed Process
The fluidising process induces an upward flow of a gas through a stacked height of solid
particles. At high enough gas velocities, the gas/solids mass exhibits liquid-like properties,
thus the term fluidised bed.
The following example helps illustrate the process.
AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM
Static bed fig-1a Minimum fluidisation - Fluidising bed Turbulent bed

fig-1b fig-1c fig-1d
fig. 1a shows a container with an air supply plenum at the bottom, an air distributor that
promotes even air flow through the bed and a chamber filled with sand or other granular
material.
If a small quantity of air flows through the air distributor into the sand, it will pass through
the voids of an immobile mass of sand. For low velocities, the air does not exert much force
on the sand particles and they remain in place. This condition is called a fixed bed and is
shown in Fig. 1b.
By increasing the air flow rate/velocity, the air exerts greater forces on the sand and
reduces the contact forces between the sand particles caused by gravity. By increasing the
airflow further, the drag forces on the particles will eventually counterbalance the
Section B Page 1
gravitational forces and the sand particles become suspended in the upward stream. The
point where the bed starts to behave as a fluid is called the minimum fluidisation condition.
The increase in bed volume is insignificant when compared with the non-fluidised case (fig
1c).
As the airflow increases further, the bed becomes less uniform, bubbles of air start to form
and the bed becomes violent. This is called a bubbling fluidised bed (BFB), shown in Fig.
1d. The volume occupied by the air/solids mixture increases substantially. There is an
obvious bed level and a distinct transition between the bed and the space above.
By increasing the airflow further, the bubbles become larger and begin to coalesce, forming
large voids in the bed. The solids are present as interconnected groups of high solids
concentrations. This condition is called a turbulent Fluidized bed.
Distributor Plate Type / Bed Plate Type AFBC:
The bottom of the furnace in a BFB (bubbling fluid bed) boiler consists of a horizontal air
distributor plate mounted with bubble caps. The primary air supplied through this bubble
cap will act as fluidising air to the bed material in the lower furnace and also assist for
combustion. The bubble caps are closely spaced so that airflow is distributed uniformly over
the furnace plan area. The lower furnace is filled with 400 mm to 450 mm (from bed plate)
of sand or other non-combustible (inert) material such as crushed limestone or bed material
from prior operation. Airflow is forced upward through the bed of material and the bed
expands to a depth of about 800 mm to 1000 mm taking on most of the characteristics of a
fluid. The airflow through the bed is very uniform due to a high number of air distributors
(bubble caps) and bed pressure drops. The boiler combustor enclosure is made of water-
cooled membrane panels / with refractory bricks lining.
Heat transfer surface may be placed within the bed depending upon the fuel being burned.
For biomass and other low heating value fuels, no in-bed surface is usually required because
other methods of bed temperature control can be used.
Bubbling bed can burn low-grade fuels, typical fuels like petcoke, lignite, char, washery
rejects and waste by products like SPW (A waste bi-product from liquor manufacturing
industries), coffee bean nut (bi-product from coffee plant) and generate useful energy.
With Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) pollution norm implemented by Govt. of India,
distillery manufacturer are advised not to pollute the river or land by letting the spent wash
into it. As of today incineration seems to be an energy efficient and less polluting approach
for achieving ZLD.
Section B Page 2
General Description
The main parameters of the boiler are
Maximum Continuous Rating 22 TPH
Steam Pressure 44 kg/cm2
Steam Temperature 380 +/- 5 Deg C
Fuel Fired Spent wash & Coal
The boiler has been designed to confirm to Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR).
The boiler is bottom supported consist of 3 pass with two vertical and one horizontal pass.
The boiler is divided into a combustion zone i.e. furnace and non-combustion zone i.e.
economiser, air heater etc. The furnace sides, front and rear are of membrane panel
construction providing a gas tight sealing. One intermediate panel is provided which divide
the furnace into two pass. The third pass starts with screen tubes followed by secondary,
primary superheating section, evaporator and economiser. For all the four water wall
bottom headers, water is fed through supply pipes from down comers. The side wall, front
wall and rear wall panel tubes top headers are connected to the steam drum through risers.
The front wall panel and rear wall panel tubes form the roof of the furnace.
Feed water is pumped by feed water pumps from deaerator to economiser through feed
water control station. Feed water passes through drum coil heaters before entering
economiser. The feed water from economiser outlet is then led to the steam drum. Water
passes from down comer to membrane panel bottom headers, absorbs sensible heat and
steam is generated in the furnace membrane wall tubes. The resulting water-steam mixture
from membrane panel top header passes through the riser tubes of membrane panel returns
to the steam drum, where the separation of steam from water takes place. The saturated
steam is led through the supply pipes to the SH -1 inlet header. From the SH - 1 inlet header
steam passes through the coils to SH - 1 O/L header, then steam is led to Attemperator and
then to the SH - 2 inlet header and passed through coils to the SH – 2 outlet header. Finally
from the Sec SH outlet header steam is passed to the main steam line to Turbine.
Furnace is made up of refractory brickwall construction, mounted above with membrane
panel of gas tight enclosure. In order to enhance combustion process two levels of
secondary air are provided on LH & RH side of membrane panel. Spent wash is fired through
special guns with pressure jet atomisation. These guns are provided in between two levels
of secondary air. Combustion air is sucked from the plant environment by the motor driven
FD fan and combustion air is passed through specially designed air nozzles which are welded
in distributor plate. Coal is spread through pneumatic spreaders used for initial firing and
sustaining bed temperature. Balanced draft conditions inside the furnace suitable for
combustion is being maintained by I.D fan.
Flue gases generated pass through the Screen tubes, Super heaters coils, evaporator is led
to economiser ESP and finally into the stack by ID fan.
Steam coil air pre heater (SCAPH) is provided which uses live steam from boiler & turbine
exhaust to heat air sucked from plant environment which is used for combustion of fuel. The
live steam coming out of SCAPH is fed into deaerator and the turbine exhaust steam from
SCAPH is fed into make up water line for energy efficiency.
The raw spent wash with 90% water is concentrated using a steam based concentrator and
moisture is reduced to 45%. The steam for concentration is obtained from turbine exhaust.
Section B Page 3
The concentration (55%) spent wash reaches the day storage tank from which the spent is
sucked screw pumps. In order to make up the convective losses boiler spent wash lines are
electrically traced.
The spent wash pumps forces the spent to the gun located on LH & RH side of first pass.
The spent wash is sprayed as in the form of droplets by pressure jet. As since gun faces the
radiation directly, it is continuously cooled by cold air tapped from FD fan.
The coarser spray particles evaporate by upcoming flue gas due to coal combustion and dry
solid particles reaches the bed. These particles mix with fluidised bed and get combusted.
The starting, stopping and safe shut down of boiler are done by manual intervention
systematically and sequentially through the control system from control room.
Details of equipment’s, their brief operational and maintenance features are elaborated in
the subsequent sub-sections and chapters of this manual.
Section B Page 4
General Arrangement
1. Feed Water System
(Ref. P & I Diagram D12-OPJ-08218/Rev.01 and D12-OPJ-08219/Rev.03)
Feed water system consists of the following:
1. Condensate Tank
2. Transfer water control Station
3. Deaerator vapour tank / Feed water storage tank
4. Feed water control station
1.1 Condensate Tank

Condensate tank is having 10m3 capacity and receives condensate from Condensate return
line & make up water line.
Condensate from return line is connected to condensate tank. A flow transmitter FT 301 is
provided across flow element FE 301 to measure the condensate flow. A temperature
element TE 301 is mounted to indicate the temperature of condensate.
A make up water line is provided to make up the condensate tank level. Tappings are
provided from make up water line to sample cooler as well as dosing system. Condensate
tank maintains the tank level through ball float arrangement. An overflow line is provided
which connects to the drain through funnel.
Condensate tank is provided with level gauge LG 301 to monitor the level of condensate
tank.
1.2 Transfer Water Control Station

Transfer water control station is divided as follows:
1. Pump suction piping
2. Transfer pump
3. Pump discharge piping
4. Control Station
1.2.1 Pump Suction Piping
Water from condensate tank is connected to the suction of the transfer water pump through
this piping. A 100 NB piping connects to pump suction.
Transfer water pumps (2 x 100% with tag No M – 401, M - 402) are separately connected
through suction piping with isolation valves. To avoid the entry of foreign particles, strainer
is provided before the inlet of each pump. Pumps suction piping is provided with pressure
indicators (Tag no. PI 302, PI 301 respectively).
1.2.2 Transfer Pump
Two motor driven transfer water pumps of 100% capacity are provided. One working while
other is standby. These pumps are centrifugal pumps with 27.8 m3/hr capacity and 105 m
differential head.
Please refer Vendor manual for safe Operation & Maintenance of transfer pumps.
Section B Page 5
1.2.3 Pump Discharge Piping

Pumps (2 no.) are separately connected to the common discharge Piping. Pump discharge
piping is provided with a pressure gauge (Tag no. PG 101) & temperature gauge (Tag no.
TG 101) respectively.
Individual pump discharge line is provided with following before connection to common
discharge piping:
• Pressure indicator PI 304 & PI 303 respectively
• NRV tag no. MKP 007
• Isolation valve MKP 008
From the discharge piping, water passes to deaerator vapour tank through level control
station.
1.2.4 Control Station
Transfer water control station consists of 1 nos. flow control valve (LCV 101).
MKP014 is manual bypass level control valve provided in parallel with above flow control
valve. The valve is normally kept close and to be opened during maintenance of LCV.
The LCV is provided with isolation valves MKP013 on upstream and downstream
respectively. These main isolation valves are normally kept open and to be closed during
maintenance of respective valves.
Drain valve is provided after LCV, which are normally kept closed. This drain is to be opened
only to drain the line when control valve has to be opened for inspection/maintenance.
Following instruments are provided at the outlet of control station:
• Flow nozzle FE - 101 with flow transmitter FT-101 is provided for flow measurement.
Flow transmitter transmits the water flow signal to flow indicating controller at control
panel.
From the control station, water passes to deaerator vapour tank through NRV tag no.
MKP017.
1.3 Deaerator Vapour Tank / Feed Water Storage Tank

Deaeration removes the corrosive gases such as dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide
from the boiler feed water. This ensures protection of the feed water lines, steam lines,
boiler tubes and other pressure parts of the boiler against corrosion and pitting, saves costly
boiler re-tubing and expensive plant shutdowns.
Deaerator consists of a storage tank & a vapour tank, which are interconnected. Vapour
tank is mounted above the storage tank. Deaerator is of spray and trays type. Water is
sprayed from the top of the vapour tank by spray nozzles on set of multi -level trays below
it. Flow of water path is from the vapour tank to the storage tank and then to the pump
suction. Steam path is from the storage tank to the vapour tank and exhausting to
atmosphere.
Both the tanks are connected with interconnecting pipes. Out of these pipes the middle one
is flushed with inner wall of the vapour tank and at the other end it is connected to the
sparger tank placed inside the storage tank, thus the feed water flows from vapour tank to
the sparger tank. Other pipes are projected little inside the vapour tank and left as if inside
the storage tank thus facilitates the steam flow from storage tank to vapour tank.
Section B Page 6
Perforated stainless steel trays are placed at vapour tank to provide enough delay time to
scrub the feed water with steam to get heated up completely.
Storage tank is supported by saddle supports. One of the saddles is fixed and the other is
sliding one to take care of thermal expansion. SS plate and teflon sheets are provided under
the sliding saddle for free movement of saddle. Platforms and ladders are provided for tanks
and condenser for O & M feasibility.
DM water is supplied to Deaerator as condensate from distilliary, evaporator or in a small
quantity as make up water from DM plant. In addition storage tank receives water from
various systems as below:
• Condensate Return from SCAPH: Condensate return from SCAPH at 5 kg/cm2 pressure & 158
deg. C temperature is supplied to deaerator storage tank through 50 NB line.
• Condensate from Condensate Tank through vapour tank
Deaerator is also supplied with pegging steam having pressure of 4 kg/cm2 (g) &
temperature of 160 Deg C for initial heating of boiler feed water. Pegging steam is supplied
from tapping from Auxiliary Steam Line with isolation valve HSH - 005 and NRV HSH -
008. Deaerator to be heated up initially with pegging steam up to approx. 70 Deg C.
The auxiliary steam line pressure controlled by pressure control valve PCV 101 provided
inline which connects to deaerator storage tank.
The following instruments are provided in the auxiliary steam line path:
• PCV 101 for controlling steam pressure
• Isolation valves HSH001 & HSH009 at upstream & downstream of Pressure Control
Valve
• A drain isolation valve HSH002 after PCV, which is normally kept closed. This drain is to
be opened only to drain the line when control valve has to be opened for
inspection/maintenance.
• A bypass line isolation valve HSH003.
• Temperature Gauge TG 103
• Pressure Gauge PG 103
• A safety relief valve PSV 102
• NRV HSH007
Deaeration is done by heating the plant DM water with steam. Vigorously scrubbing the
water with this steam removes the last traces of non-condensable gases and brings down
well below the recommended level in feed water.
Deaerated water is supplied to the boiler through the feed water pumping & control station
to the boiler at a temperature of 135 °C around 54 kg/cm2 pressure.
Deaerator Control Loops
Following control loops are applicable for the deaerator:
♦ Level control loop – to maintain the level of the vessel.
♦ Pressure control loop - to maintain the pressure of the vessel.
Section B Page 7
Deaerator is provided with the following nozzles:

(Refer Assembly of Deaerator: W21-2PJ-43748/Rev.0)
Pipe
Conn. Sch Qty
Size Description End Conn. Function
No. /Thk (no.)
(NB)
Minimum For connecting the
N1 50 Sch 160 Recirculation Butt welded 2 minimum flow line of
Line the pumps
For connecting the
Balancing
N2 50 Sch 160 Butt welded 2 balancing line of the
Line
pumps
Condensate
Recovered Condensate
N3 50 Sch 160 from Butt welded 1
to Dearator
SCHAPH
N4 50 Sch 160 Spare Nozzle Flange 2
For connecting the

Sch 40 Steam inlet
N5 250 Butt welded 1 heating steam to the
(Std) Conn.
storage tank
Pressure For pressure indication

N6 15 Sch 160 Transmitter/ Butt welded 2 / control & For local
Gauge pressure indication
N7 25 Sch 160 Spare Flange 2
For draining sprager
N8 50 Sch 160 Sparger Pipe Butt welded 1
tank
Vacuum To maintain a positive
N9 50 Sch 160 Breaker Butt welded 1 pressure inside the
vessel at all times.
For Maintenance
N10 450 10Thk Manhole Flange 1 access inside the
storage & vapour tanks
For connecting the
Dearator
N11 150 Sch 40 Butt welded 1 deaerated water to the
Outlet
pump suction header
Drain for
N12 50 Sch 40 Butt welded 1 Drain for Dearator
Storage Tank
For Mounting Level
N13 25 Sch 160 Level Gauge Butt welded 4
guage
Level For level indication /
N14 25 Sch 160 Butt welded 4
Transmitter control on PLC
Section B Page 8
Chemical
N15 15 Sch 160 Butt weld 1 For Dosing Chemicals
Dosing
Overflow in case the
N 16 80 Sch 40 Over Flow Butt welded 1 deaerator level exceeds
a ‘very high’ level
Temp. For Temp indication /
N17 25 Sch 160 2
Element control on PLC
N18 80 Sch 80 Spare Conn. Flange 1
Process
Recovered condensate
N 19 100 Sch 40 Condensate Butt welded 1
to Dearator
Inlet
Conn.for
N 20 50 Sch 40 Vacuum Flange 1 For Vaccuum breaker.
Breaker Assly
N 21 80 Sch 40 Air Vent Pipe Butt weld 1 To vent exhaust Steam
N22 25 Sch 40 Air Vent Pipe Butt weld 1 To vent exhaust Steam
Pipe For For exhaust of Safety
N23 80 Sch. 40 Flange 1
Safety Valve valve
For Maintenance
Manhole on
N24 450 10Thk Flange 1 access inside the
Vapour Tank
storage & vapour tanks
1.4 Feed Water Control Station

Pumping station is provided after the deaerator on the waterside of the steam generator.
Pumping station consist of 2 X 100% (1 working / 1 stand-by) capacity motor driven feed
water pumps with ARC (Automatic re-circulation valves). Pumps provide the necessary head
for the working medium (water) suitable for the boiler pressure. Feed Water pumping
station is divided as follows:
1. Pump suction piping
2. Feed pump
3. Cooling water system
4. Minimum flow and balancing leak off line
5. Pump discharge piping
6. Control Station
1.4.1 Pump Suction Piping
Deaerated water from the deaerator is connected to the suction of the feed water pump
through this piping. A CS-150 NB- S40 piping connects to pump suction.
Feed water pumps (2 x 100% with tag No FWP – 101, FWP - 102) are separately
connected with isolation valves (Tag no FWP001 respectively). To avoid the entry of foreign
Section B Page 9
particles, suction filters are provided before the inlet of each pump. Pumps suction piping is
provided with pressure indicators (Tag no. PG 104, PG 105 respectively).
Individual differential pressure switches DPT – 101, DPT - 102 are provided with isolation
valves across the suction strainers is used to trip the pumps to safeguard from running the
pump dry.
1.4.2 Feed Pump
Two motor driven pumps of 100% capacity are provided. One working while other is
standby. These pumps are a multistage pump with 30 m3/hr capacity and 620 m head.
Pumps are driven by VFD operated electrical motor for different load condition.
Please refer Vendor manual for safe Operation & Maintenance of feed water
pumps.
1.4.3 Cooling Water System
To protect the pump glands from overheating cooling water system is provided. Cooling
chamber is provided itself on the pump and cooling water inlet, outlet piping will be
connected through isolation valves. Cooling water exit is terminated to the nearest cooling
water outlet piping.
1.4.4 Minimum Flow & Balancing Leak-Off Line
During start of the pump discharge valve is kept closed to minimise the starting current of
the feed pump drive. If certain amount of flow through the pump is not allowed in this
period, it results in heat generation and hence pumps ceasing. Therefore minimum flow line
is provided through Auto re-circulation (ARC) valve. Initially discharge port of the valve will
be closed by a spring and minimum flow line port will be open. After attaining the full speed,
pressure generated by the pump is sufficient to open the discharge port. Minimum flow line
port gets closed as the stems of both the valves are interconnected. Minimum flow line is
routed back to the deaerator with isolation valve and a NRV.
Balancing leak off line is provided to balance the thrust towards suction side of the pump. As
there is a large difference between suction and discharge pressures, pump shaft tends to
move towards suction side. Two discs; balancing and counterbalancing are provided in the
mechanism at the discharge end of the pump. There is a small gap between ‘rotating -
balancing disc’ and ‘stationary - counterbalancing disc’. High-pressure water tends to pass
through this gap. Pressure drop in the gap results in opposite thrust on the disc. Low-
pressure water that comes out of the gap is taken out of the pump through balancing leak
off line. Balancing line is also routed back to the deaerator.
1.4.5 Discharge Piping
Pumps (2 no.) are separately connected to the common discharge header (80 NB). Pump
discharge piping is provided with a pressure gauge (Tag no. PG-201 & PG-203
respectively) and a pressure indicator PG 202 at common header.
Individual pump discharge line is provided with isolation valve FWP - 004 before connection
to discharge header.
From the discharge header, feed water passes is taken for various systems as followed
♦ Steam drum through Feed Water Control Station.
♦ Boiler Attemperator
Section B Page 10
1.4.6 Control Station

When the boiler is in service, feed water must be continuously supplied to maintain near-
normal water level in the steam drum. It is unsafe to operate the boiler at lower water
levels. Feed water control station regulates the water flow to the steam drum to maintain
the steady & required water level.
Feed water control station consists of the following:
Feed water control station consists of 1 nos. welded type flow control valves both of 100 %
capacity (LCV 201).
H-202 is manual bypass level control valve provided in parallel with above flow control valve.
The valve is normally kept close and to be opened during maintenance of FCV.
The 100 % FCV is provided with isolation valves BFW - 001 on upstream and downstream
respectively. These main isolation valves are normally kept open and to be closed during
maintenance of respective valves.
This manual bypass level control valve is provided with BFW -008 and BFW-009 on upstream
and downstream respectively.
Drain valves are provided before the 100% control valve, which are normally kept closed.
This drain is to be opened only to drain the line when control valve has to be opened for
inspection/maintenance.
Following instruments are provided at the outlet of feed water control station:
• Flow nozzle FE- 201 with flow transmitter FT-201 is provided for flow measurement.
Flow transmitter transmits the water flow signal to flow indicating controller at control
panel.
Water from feed water control station passes through drum coil heaters before entering to
economiser thus gaining useful heat energy. One temperature control valve (TCV – 202)
with upstream and down stream isolation valve ( BFW – 005) is provided in bypass line of
drum coil heater to control economiser inlet feed water temperature. TCV – 202 gets input
signal from TIC – 202 i.e. the feed water temperature before entering to economiser. TCV –
202 has manual bypass valve (BFW – 006) to be operated when TCV is in maintenance.
Following instruments are provided at the outlet of feed water control station:
• Temperature sensor TE – 202 for remote display of feed water temperature.
Control valve is operated through the Flow indicating controller (FIC - 201). Input signals
are given to FIC - 201 by Level indicating controller (LIC-304 ) steam flow transmitter (FT
- 401) and feed water flow transmitter (FT - 201). Ref. three element control for detail
operation of drum level controller.
From the economiser bottom header, water flows to the outlet (top) header through coils.
Heated water flows from Eco. top header to steam drum, through feed water Eco. outlet
piping. NRV (BFW – 010) is provided at feedwater outlet piping to prevent back flow of
water to economiser. Temperature gauge (TG – 203) is provided in outlet piping for local
indication of feed water temperature after economiser.
• Drum Level Control
Drum level control is the single most important process control for any steam generator. The
simplest of the control loops involve measuring the drum level and comparing with a fixed
set point. A control signal to operate the control valve will be calculated based on the
deviation between the set point and the process variable. This calculated signal would be a
Section B Page 11
function of the loop configuration parameters. The simplicity of the loop is its advantage at
low loads and constant loads. However, at higher loads and with load swings, this loop fails
to control the process parameter. This has necessitated the introduction of two more
elements (process parameters) into the control loop. The additional elements that are
measured are steam flow & water flow.
In the three-element drum level control, drum level is maintained as a function of the drum
level and the steam flow. The control signal is a ‘suitable’ summation of these two elements.
This variable is compared to the measured water flow and a suitable control signal is
generated which is used to drive the 100% control valve. The major advantage of the loop
is its ability to maintain drum level during load swings, variations & throw conditions that are
certain to occur during the operating regime of any steam generator. Though this loop is
advantageous from an operation point of view, it is recommended to use this loop at loads
> 30%, as the single element control loop is optimised for low load conditions with its
control valve sizing & parameter tuning.
• Attemperation Control Station
A tapping CS - 25NB-S40 from Feed Water line is provided, to supply spray water for
Attemperator. This line is provided with a manual isolation valve DSH - 001 & flow orifice
FE-301 for remote attemperator flow indication. A temperature control valve TCV- 401
with isolation valves DSH - 003 is provided. A by-pass of control valve DSH – 004 is also
provided. This line connects to attemperator through a NRV DSH - 007.Also a Pressure
indicator PI-301 is provided in the attemperator line for local feedwater discharge pressure
indication.
Section B Page 12
2. Boiler Pressure Part Description

This boiler is a Single-drum, natural circulation, bottom supported, and membrane wall
construction. Various pressure parts are grouped as follows:
1. Economiser
2. Drum Coil Heater
3. Steam drum
4. Down comer Tubes
5. Furnace
6. Evaporator Coil
7. Screen Tubes
8. Riser Tubes
9. Saturated steam supply tubes
10. Super heater - I
11. Attemperator
12. Super heater - II
2.1 ECONOMISER
Function of an Economiser in a steam-generating unit is to absorb heat from flue gases &
add this as a sensible heat to the feed water, before the water enters to the steam drum.
Provision of this additional heating surface, increases the efficiency of the steam-generating
unit and saving in fuel consumption is achieved. Economiser is located in the third pass after
evaporator coils.
A continuous loop tube Economiser assembly is constructed with 30 wide x (20+20+20)
deep rows of 38.1 O.D x 3.66 thick tubes, in Three modules and two headers. Both the ends
of the coil were terminated to the inlet and outlet headers by welding.
Feed water flows from the inlet header to the outlet headers through these coils. Heated
water flows out from the outlet header to steam drum through the connecting pipe.
Economiser inlet header (ECO-003) is provided with the following attachments:
• 25 NB air vent with valve (Tag No. ECO- 001) which will be kept open during initial
filling to remove the air trapped between the coil. Closed after free flow of water from
the vent.
• Temperature Gauge (TG – 202) is provided for local indication on ECO-003.
• Pressure indicator PG – 501 with isolation valves ECO – 002.
Economiser outlet header (EC0-001) is provided with the following attachments:
• 25 NB air vent with valve (Tag No. ECO- 001), which will be kept open during initial
filling to remove the air, trapped between the coil. Closed after free flow of water from
the vent.
• Temperature Gauge (TG – 203) is provided for local indication on EC0-001.
• Pressure indicator PG – 502 with isolation valves on ECO – 001.
Section B Page 13
2.2 DRUM COIL HEATER

Feed water from level control station is taken through a coil heat exchanger placed inside
the steam drum. Boiler water at saturation temperature heats the feed water from inlet
temperature of 135 0 C before admitting it into economizer. It is necessary to keep the
economiser outlet flue gas temperature and the coil metal temperature well above the due
point temperature. Heating the feed water from 135 0 C before admitting into the
economizer, reduces the water temperature difference/ heat duty of economizer and thus
finally resulting into higher flue gas temperature leaving the economizer. Hence, the metal
temperature of the economizer coil can be maintained well above the due point
temperature, even at part load operation of the boiler.
To control the temperature of water entering into economiser temperature control valve
(TCV – 202) which gets input signal from TE –202. Generally the bypass valve is kept almost
in a fix position and the inlet valve is adjusted to modulate the flow to maintain the feed
water temperature.
2.3 STEAM DRUM
Steam drum (1375 I.D. X 5000 mm long.) is a welded cylindrical vessel made of SA 516
Gr.70 material. The cylindrical portion of the vessel is made of 32 – mm thick plates and the
two Torispherical dish ends are 40 mm. thick. Two elliptical manholes at either end of the
drum provide access inside the drum. These manholes are closed tight at either end by 53-
mm thick plates, bolted against the manhole rim by two holding bars. A gasket is fitted
between the cover plate and the mating machined surfaces in the end shield. The cover
plate swing inside the drum, for convenience during opening.
Steam drum is supported by saddle supports on the super structure of the boiler.
Steam drum is fitted with several components to perform important functions, which are
listed below:
• Direct water level gauge LI 301 & LI 302 that shows the water level inside the steam
drum. DWLG`S are provided at both ends of the drum.
• Three nos. Level transmitters are provided LT 301,302,303 which transmit the actual
water level to the remote indicators i.e. at control room and provide drum level signal to
the drum level controller.
• Drum safety valves PSV 301,302 which protects the boiler and the personnel against
the consequences of abnormal pressure increase because of sudden load decrease, mal-
functioning of firing system, steam stop valve etc.
• Remote level gauge LI - 304 this gauge is mounted at the firing floor, so as the firing
floor attendant can view the drum level. Another gauge is mounted in control room.
• H.P dosing connection: To dose phosphate in to the steam drum to maintain the boiler
water quality.
• Continuous blow down (CBD): To drain the boiler water during operation to maintain the
water concentration. Also the water sample is taken from this blow down. It is
connected to the common IBD tank directly as well as through CBD tank.
• Air vent with isolation valves SD – 001,002 that will be closed at 2 Kg/cm2 (g) during
pressure rising and open at 2 kg/cm2 (g) during cooling.
• Local Pressure gauge PG 301,302 shows the drum pressure near steam drum.
Section B Page 14
2.3.1 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS

Steam drum internals are provided to supply moisture free steam to S.H coils.
Steam drum receives water / steam mixture from the water wall panels through the riser
tubes in to the drum through purifiers. Due to circumferential flow, water which is heavier is
separated from steam and trickle down and mix with water in the drum. Steam raises
upward and flow through the Demister pads to puppy headers.
FEED WATER PIPE – 1 No. 80 NB perforated pipe with φ 12- 48 holes is installed in the
drum with holes positioned at 12 O’ clock position. This will ensure the uniform distribution
of feed water in the entire length of the steam drum.
Pipe is made in two pieces for installation ease and provided with flanged joint.
CONTINUOUS BLOW DOWN PIPE (CBD) – 1 no 25NB perforated pipe with φ6- 7 holes is
installed in the drum with holes at 12 O’ clock position. CBD pipe is provided to drain the
boiler water to maintain the boiler water concentration at the specified limit.
Pipe is made in two pieces for installation ease and provided with a drain hole to drain the
water during shut down.
HP DOSING PIPE – 1 no 25 NB perforated pipe with 6 φ - 4 holes is installed in the drum
with holes at 12 O’ clock position. As the pipe is of perforated type the chemical is uniformly
distributed across the length of the drum. Chemical dosing at steam drum is, to maintain
boiler water concentration as per the specified limit.
Pipe is made in two pieces for installation ease and provided with a drain hole to drain the
water during shut down.
2.4 DOWN COMER TUBES

Down comer tubes are of 200 NB size, which supplies water to furnace wall located in Pass 1
& 2 & connective pass.
There are four main down comers from steam drum which supplies water to all bottom
headers. Branch supply pipes are taken from these down-comers to supply water to bottom
headers. 9 -nos. supply pipes for RHS and LSH PASS 1 & 2 bottom header and 6 -nos.
supply pipes for RHS and LSH PASS 3 bottom header each had been provided. 3 nos. supply
pipes are taken for front wall bottom header is provided.
2.5 FURNACE
Furnace is the part of the boiler where the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into
thermal energy by absorbing the heat produced through combustion of fuel. The furnace is
designed for efficient and complete combustion, with due consideration to the factors that
effect, combustion efficiency like fuel residence time inside the furnace, temperature and the
turbulence required for complete mixing of fuel and air.
Following are the distinct advantages of the furnace design:
• Heat transfer is facilitated inside the furnace in addition to combustion.
• Practically no maintenance for refractory is required in case of membrane wall furnace.
• Due to heat transfer inside the furnace, higher loading is possible, as part of heat
generated, is already absorbed by the furnace tubes leaving the flue gas temperature
out of furnace within acceptable limits into super heater zone.
Section B Page 15
• Cumbustor is made of refractory brick wall & Furnace is constructed with shop fabricated
membrane (water wall) construction. It comprises of Front panel, Intermediate panel,
L.H panel and R.H panel. Furnace is 4064 long x 4572 wide.
2.5.1 FRONT WALL
Front wall is formed with front header (219.1 O.D x 18.26 THK) and 63.5 O.D x 4.06 Thick
tubes (101.6 P x 43 tubes). One end is connected to the bottom header and the other end
is terminated to the top header. Front wall tubes receive water from steam drum through 3
nos. 80 NB x SCH 80 Thick supply pipes (DC 01 - 09). To strengthen the wall tubes,
Buckstays beams are provided all around the furnace at 4 nos. elevations. The buck stay
beams are supported on cleats from the water wall panels and flexibly interconnected at the
corners. The buck stay beams help to retain the furnace shape within permissible deviations
of furnace pressure. Corner end connecting links maintain furnace shape under the
expansion conditions. Front wall bottom header is provided with drain connection, which
normally remains closed during operation of the boiler. It is to be used to drain the boiler
during shut down.
2.5.2 REAR WALL
Rear wall is formed with rear bottom header (200 NB x SCH 160 ) and 63.5 OD x 4.06 thick
tubes (120 P x 36 tubes) & . One end is welded to the bottom header and the other end is
terminated to the top header. Rear wall tubes receive water from steam drum bottom
headers. To strengthen the wall tubes buck stay beams have been provided at TWO
elevations.Rear wall bottom header is provided with a drain connection, which normally
remain closed during operation of the boiler. It is to be used to drain the boiler during shut
down.
2.5.3 INTERMEDIATE PANEL
Intermediate wall is formed with bottom header (219.1 OD x 18.26 THK) and 63.5 OD x
4.06 thick tubes (101.6 P x 43 tubes). One end is welded to the bottom header and the
other end is terminated to the top header. Tubes receive water from steam drum bottom
headers. Purpose of intermediate panel is to gain sensible heat and to separate radiation
zone of furnace called as second pass.
2.5.4 R.H & L.H SIDE WALL (PASS I & II)
L.H & R.H Side wall of Pass I & II are formed with bottom header (219.1 OD x 18.26 THK)
and 63.5 O.D x 4.06 thick tubes. Both ends of tubes are terminated at bottom and top
headers. Sidewall panels are connected to steam drum through 12 nos. riser tubes (6 from
either sidewall).. To strengthen the wall tubes buck stay beams have been provided at 4
elevations. Sidewall headers are provided with a drain connection, which normally remain
closed during operation of the boiler. It is to be used to drain the boiler during shut down
and start-up.
Some of the tubes of the LHS and RHS wall of Pass – 1 are specially bent to secondary air
nozzle at 2 elevations and spent wash nozzle (2 nos on each side) at one elevation. .
Interlaced (12 on RHS & 12 on LHS on bottom elevation and 5 on LHS & 5 on RHS on top
elevation) Secondary air nozzles are provided. A large furnace volume has been provided to
obtain complete combustion of fuel, full radiant heat transfer to the water wall panels to
ensure that there is no flame radiation in the second pass and only hot flue gas flows to the
third pass.
Section B Page 16
2.5.5 R.H & L.H SIDE WALL (PASS III)

L.H & R.H Side wall of Pass III are formed with bottom header (219.1 OD x 18.26 THK) and
50.8 O.D x 4.06 thick tubes. Both ends of tubes are terminated at bottom and top headers.
Sidewall panels are connected to steam drum through 12 nos. riser tubes (6 from either
sidewall). Sidewall headers are provided with a drain connection, which normally remain
closed during operation of the boiler. It is to be used to drain the boiler during shut down.
Membrane wall bottom headers are supported by saddle supports with adequate clearance
for pressure part expansion.
Membrane wall construction of the furnace, radiation pass and convective pass provided a
totally gas sealed enclosure suitable for balanced draft operation. Adequate number of
access doors (which normally remain tightly closed) have been provided in the furnace
,radiation and convective pass for inspection of observation of the bed/Flame and for
addition bed material during regular operation.
2.6 EVAPORATOR COILS

Evaporator coils (50.8 OD x 4.06 THK Tubes) are provided inside the Convective pass. Water
through supply pipe enters the evaporator inlet header (76.2 X 5 THK ) passes through 27 X
105 P coils arranged in 19 rows for each module.Bottom headers receives water from the
steam drum through 76 nos. 38.1 OD supply pipes (EDC – 01 ). There are two evaporator
modules provided for boiler.
2.7 SCREEN TUBES

Screen Tubes (50.8 OD x 4.06 THK Tubes) are provided inside the Convective pass. Water
through supply pipes enters the screen tube inlet header (76.2 X 5 THK) passes through 5 X
500 P coils arranged in 5 rows. Bottom headers receives water from the steam drum
through 10 nos. 38.1 OD supply pipes (SDC – 01).
2.8 RISER TUBES

Purpose of these tubes is to carry the saturated steam from front, rear, side walls and
intermediate panels to steam drum. Side wall panels are connected to steam drum through
24 nos. riser tubes (12 from side wall panel of pass 1,2 & 3). Front wall & rear wall top
header is connected to steam drum through 3 nos. riser tubes each. Screen tube top header
and evaporator top header are connected to steam drum through 4 nos. of raiser.
2.9 SATURATED STEAM SUPPLY TUBES

Function of these tubes is to carry the saturated steam coming out from the steam drum to
puppy headers and through steam collecting headers saturated steam enters the primary
super heater inlet header. There are 5 nos supply pipes provided from the top of steam
drum.
2.10 SUPERHEATER – I
Super-heaters are provided to raise the steam temperature above the saturation
temperature by absorbing heat from the flue gas. By increasing the temperature of the
steam, the useful energy that can be recovered increases, thereby increasing efficiency of
the cycle also. Superheated steam also eliminates the formation of condensate in steam
piping which is harmful to the turbine blades and pipelines.
Section B Page 17
From the steam drum dry saturated steam through 5 supply pipes enters the steam
collecting header which is connected to SH - 1 inlet header. From the PSH inlet header,
steam flows to PSH outlet header 38.1 OD x 3.66 thick coils. SH-1 coils are 26 wide & 5
deep with a pitch of 110 & 240. are installed vertically in convective pass with adequate
supports.
SH - 1 outlet header is connected SH - 2 inlet header through control valve & spray type
attemperator.
Following connection is attached to primary S.H.Inlet header:
♦ A 15 NB sampling line with three valves Tag No. SS – 001 & 002 which is used to take,
saturated steam sample.
♦ A 25 NB air vent with twin isolation valves PSH - 001 is provided for the PSH I/L header.
2.11 ATTEMPERATOR
From the SH - 1 outlet steam enters the Attemperator made of 219.1 X 18.26, SA 106 Gr B
material.
Function of Attemperator is to control the final temperature of the steam to a pre-
determined value by spraying required quantity of feed water. Inner SS sleeve is provided to
shield the header from thermal stresses due to temperature variations. The inner shield is
firmly held at one end by location pins welded on to header and is free to expand at the
other end. Flanged joints on to the header hold the spray nozzle. The Spray nozzle at the
blind end rests on a guide to with stand the force of the steam. Water is sprayed along the
steam flow direction. Spray water for attemperation is taken from feed water line branch
after flow nozzle, through spray water control station.
Following are the connections attached to Inlet & Outlet pipes of Spray type Attemperator:
• Temperature indicator TG - 301 on inlet pipe, for local indication.
• Thermocouple (TE-301) is provided on inlet pipe for panel mounted temperature
indicator (TI-301).
After Attemperator steam enters the SH - 2 inlet header.
2.12 SUPER HEATER - II

SH - II inlet and outlet headers are connected through (38.1 OD X 3.66 thk) 26 wide & 4
deep (with a pitch of 110 & 240) coils. Superheated steam is then taken out from SH – II
outlet header to main steam line.
Following connections are attached to SH - II Inlet header:
• An airvent with twin isolation valve SSH – 001,to remove trapped air during boiler light
up.
Following connections are attached to SH - II outlet header:
• Pressure indicator PG- 401 with twin isolation valves for local indication.
• An air vent with twin isolation valves SSH – 001, to remove trapped air during boiler
start-up.
From SSH outlet header steam is led to turbine through main steam piping.
Section B Page 18
3. MAIN STEAM PIPING

Super heated steam from SH outlet header is connected to common steam distribution
header by the main steam piping.
Main steam piping is of CS – 150NB – S40 - 40 pipe with the following attachments:
• Safety valve PSV- 401 (Type – 34.5, 1.5H3) is provided on steam line. To reduce the
noise level from the steam venting to atmosphere, a silencer is provided to the safety
valve exhaust line.
• Pressure indicators (PG- 401,402) with twin isolation valves (MSH -001) for local
indication of main steam pressure.
• Thermocouple (TE- 401,401A, 401B) is provided for main steam temperature control
loop.
• Pressure Transmitter PT- 401 with twin isolation valves MSH - 001 for remote indication
of pressure at panel, for steam density correction.
• START UP VENT:
Start up vent, with pneumatic control valve (PCV-403) and motorised isolation valve (M
- 401) is used to vent the steam to atmosphere during boiler start up, as the main
steam stop valve & by-pass valve remains closed till the boiler reaches the operating
pressure. This also protects the SH coils from over heating during start up.
To reduce the noise level from the steam venting to atmosphere, a silencer is provided
to the start up vent line.
If there is any interruptions in steam flow due to sudden turbine trip / load cut by the
end users, start up vent valve to be opened immediately to maintain boiler pressure else
safety valve will blow.
• Main Steam Stop Valve (MSSV) with tag No M - 402, along with a integral
bypass/equalising valve M – 402A. Both the valves are motorised valves.
During regular operation of the boiler, MSSV is kept fully open supplying steam from the
boiler to the plant. Integral bypass valve is opened during the start up of the boiler for
initial warming of the main steam line before opening the MSSV.
• A NRV MSH –005 is provided after the stop valve to prevent back flow of the steam
from the plant to the boiler.
• Steam flow-measuring device, i.e. flow nozzle FE- 401 along with flow transmitter Tag
no. FT- 401 with impulse piping and isolation valves (Tag No. MSH – 004)
Section B Page 19
4. BOILER BLOW DOWN SYSTEM

AIM
This chapter describes the Boiler Blow down system for safe draining of high pressure and
temperature steam and water from the boiler using the Blow down tank.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
P & I Diagram (D12-OPJ-07431/3) (Steam and Water system) show the various drains
from the boiler, main steam lines, etc. A common drain system has been provided.
Large quantities of steam of high pressure / temperature water are not drained through
open canals for the following reasons:
• Such draining will cause splashing of high volumes of steam, which can be a nuisance by
the noise it creates, and also it affects the visibility around the draining area.
• High temperatures of these drains can cause scalding injuries to workmen who may
come in contact with it.
• The force and temperature of these drains will erode the linings of the drain canals.
• Low-pressure steam, which can be recovered, if required, is wasted.
Various drains from boiler like furnace drain, SH drain is connected to blow down tank.
4.1 CBD DRAIN

A 25 NB thk line for continuous blow down (CBD) is connected to the blow down tank. A
blow down valve is provided on CBD line. Isolation valves CBD- 001 is also provided. The
CBD line is connected to blow down tank through NRV to prevent any back flow from the
blow down tanks.
Table shown below is a summary of such drains with tag nos.
HIGH PRESSURE / HIGH TEMPERATURE STEAM AND WATER DRAINS
SOURCE TEMP. OF DRAIN 0C FREQUENCY OF USAGE
Continuous Blow down Continuous (depending on quality
238
from Drum of Boiler water)
Varying from Draining of condensate during
S.H. & Main steam drain
70 to start-up and after a shut down.
Furnace & Economiser During boiler start-up and

~70 – 150
drains shutdown.
Drains indicated in the above Table are connected to the common blow down which is
routed to nearest trench through isolation valve BDT – 002.
4.2 OTHER DRAINS

Other drains of the boiler are open drains and are connected to the nearest trench within
the boiler area. The drains are -
• All level control station drain
• All pressure control station drain.
Section B Page 20
• Steam drum level indicator.

• Steam drum safety valve drains
• Sample cooler sample let off drains.
4.3 COMMON BLOWDOWN TANK

Blow down tank is a pressure vessel capable of separating steam from the drained hot
water. This drain is connected tangentially in the upper half of the tank, such that the drain
fluid is directed circumferentially around the inner wall of the tank. Tangential flow of the
drain fluid into the tank separates steam from the water. Steam rises to the top of the tank
and water collects at its lower portion. A vent with an isolation valve is provided at the top
of the tank.
A local level gauge (LI-501) is provided for level indication.
Cooling water connection is provided for QUENCHING with isolation valve CWS - 004 is
provided.
5. AIR AND GAS SYSTEM

(P&I DIAGRAM – D12-OPJ-08220&08221/3)
AIR SYSTEM
This chapter describes supply of primary and secondary air to the boiler. The components
that form part of air system are:
• FD fan
• Steam Coil Air Pre-Heater (SCAPH)
• SA fan
• Air ducts
♦ Combustion air to Windbox
♦ Secondary Air OR Over fire air.
♦ Spreading Air for Coal feeders
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:
5.1 FD FAN
Each Boiler is provided with 1 x 100 %. F.D fan, variable frequency driven motor to supply
main combustion air to the furnace and various other equipment. FD fan is of centrifugal
type, with radial, backward curved blades.
FD FAN SUCTION SIDE
FD fan is provided with a suction duct with silencer for cold combustion air from the plant
environment. The details are elaborated below in the component wise description.
BIRD SCREEN & SILENCER
At the inlet of the FD fan suction duct rain cowl with bird screen is provided. An absorption
type silencer is installed to attenuate the noise.
Section B Page 21
FD FAN SUCTION DAMPER

Suction damper (inlet guide vane) control has been fitted on the suction of the FD fan. FD
fan sucks air from environment through the suction duct and inlet damper. The percentage
opening of the inlet damper (PC - 701) (guide vane) regulates the capacity of the fan to
meet the combustion air and other requirements of the boiler. A pneumatic actuator is
provided to operate the damper. The actuator is provided with limit switches for 0%
positions, which are used as safety interlocks for fan start permissive. (In VFD mode the
inlet damper is kept full open and the motor speed is varied to get the required fan output
pressure and flow.)
To minimise the force due to possible movement of the discharge duct on the fan, as well as
to isolate fan vibrations being passed on to the duct, the fans are connected to the
discharge duct through bellows type expansion joints.
• A draft gauge (DG - 001) is provided with an isolation valve (CAF - 001) at the outlet
duct for local indication of fan outlet pressure.
Fan outlet is connected to air pre-heater (SCAPH) through a ducting.
Please refer Vendor Manual for safe Operation & Maintenance of FD fans.
5.1.1 AEROFOIL
An Airfoil to measure the airflow is provided (FT- 701) at outlet duct of FD fan. The airflow
is measured by the principle of pressure drop across the element being proportional to the
airflow passing across it. Flow transmitter (FT-701) gives input to a controller (FIC-701),
which also get inputs from combustion control & O2 analyser and ultimately it controls
suction air by VFD/IGV control.
5.2 STEAM COIL AIR PRE HEATER (SCAPH)

A steam coil air heater is provided at the outlet of FD fan to increase the air temperature
required for combustion. Air is passed over the coils. Steam is passed inside the coils. A
closed loop control is provided to control the Air temperature from SCAPH.
Super heated steam from main steam line enters high temperature SCAPH enters low
temperature SCAPH. Condensate from high temperature and low temperature SCAPH flows
to deaerator and make up water tank respectively.
The Temperature sensing element TE 302 senses the air temperature at the outlet of the
fan and the feedback is given to the Bed air temperature control valve TCV 302 through
controller TIC 302. The steam flow increases and decreases automatically according to the
temperature decrease and increase when the controller is put in auto mode.
A flow element (FT 302) is provided in steam line of High temperature SCAPH with flow
transmitter (FT 302) for remote indication.
A bypass system with manual operated valves (SCA 004) is provided for the control valve
and shall be used when there is some maintenance work of control valve.
A steam trap along with bypass system is provided at condensate outlet of high temperature
and low temperature SCAPH which will then and there automatically discharge the
condensate to drain.
Following are the attachments to SCAPH inlet duct:
♦ Aerofoil FT-701 for total air flow measurement.
♦ Draft Gauge DG 001 for local indication of fan outlet pressure.
Section B Page 22
Following are the attachments of SCAPH Outlet Air duct:

♦ Draft Gauge CA – 003 for local indication of APH outlet pressure
Combustion Air from APH is passed to the Windbox, which is divided into 2 nos.
compartments, used for combustion of fuel.
5.3 SA FAN
Each Boiler is provided with 1 x 100 %, driven by electric motor to deliver high-pressure air,
which is used for pneumatic spreading of Fuel and for secondary combustion .
Pneumatically operated inlet guide vane damper PC 702 is provided at SA fan inlet, to
maintain the required pressure at the fan outlet. The actuator is provided with limit switches
for 0% positions, which are used as safety interlocks for fan start permissive. Draft gauge
DG - 002 provided at outlet duct for indicating fan outlet pressure.
To minimise the forces due to possible movement of the discharge ducts on the fan, as well
as to isolate fan vibrations being passed on to the duct, the fans are connected to the
discharge duct through bellow type expansion joints.
An Aerofoil to measure the airflow is provided (FT- 702) at outlet duct of SA fan. The
airflow is measured by the principle of pressure drop across the element being proportional
to the airflow passing across it. Flow transmitter (FT-702) gives input to a controller (FIC-
702).
5.4 AIR DUCTS

5.4.1 COMBUSTION AIR TO FURNACE
Hot air duct after SCAPH terminates to 2 compartments in the windbox through branch
ducts. The main duct is branched into 2 ducts and connected to each compartment through
manually operated dampers. (CA 002- 2nos)
Differential pressure indicators DPI-701A & 701B are provided in the two compartments for
windbox pressure local indication.
5.4.2 SECONDARY AIR (OVER FIRE AIR) SYSTEM
A common air duct from SA Fan outlet is taken and branched to Furnace LHS and RHS duct
to inject High-pressure Secondary Over Fire air into the furnace through the nozzles
mounted in the side walls to help for complete combustion of fuel.
Boiler LHS sidewall nozzles are located at + 810 & +2850 mm elevation above C/L LHS
bottom header, having 12 & 5 nozzle at lower and upper elevation. Nozzles of 65 NB X Sch
40 pipe inclined horizontally by 70 Deg. Ducting is provided with common damper to adjust
the air pressure.
Boiler RHS sidewall nozzles are located at + 810 & +2850 mm elevation above C/L LHS
bottom header, having 12 & 5 nozzle at lower and upper elevation. Nozzles of 65 NB X Sch
40 pipe inclined horizontally. Ducting is provided with common damper to adjust the air
pressure.
A draft gauge is provided each on LH and RH OFA header (DG 002B,C respectively) for
local SA pressure indication.
Butterfly dampers ( SAF – 003) are also provided in individual common duct for controlling
SA pressure.
Section B Page 23
5.4.3 AIR DUCT TO PNEUMATIC SPREADER

Branch Air duct taken from SA fan outlet is provided for spreading fuel fed through screw
feeders inside combustor. Individual duct with isolation valve is provided for each screw
feeder.
Branch duct from SA outlet is also provided for supplying air to Spent Wash nozzle.
Sufficient Expansion Bellows had been provided at suitable locations in air ducts to take care
of thermal expansion.
6. FLUE GAS SYSTEM
Flue gas from the furnace passes through Screen Tubes, S.H coils, Evaporator tubes,
Economiser coils, bag filter to I.D Fan. From the I.D fan gas is blown through chimney to
atmosphere.
6.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Combustion products of gases exit from the furnace to radiation and to convection zone.
Furnace is provided with the following attachments in the flue path.
♦ Furnace pressure transmitters, PT-702 with isolation valves FG - 003 respectively to
measure the furnace pressure.
Furnace pressure high and low alarm / trip (PAH-702 & PAL-702) are also generated
from above transmitters.
Furnace pressure switch for high and low (PSH – 703 & PSL – 703) signal are also
provided.
From furnace, flue gases pass through the screen tubes enters super heater zone, enters to
SH – 2 and then to SH – 1 coil assembly. From the super heater zone the gases further
passes through the evaporator tubes and enters to economiser assembly.
From the economiser the flues pass to bag filter. Further the gas from bag filter outlet pass
to I.D fans. From the fans it is discharged to atmosphere through the chimney.
Following instruments are provided in flue gas path-
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATORS
• Furnace Temperature ( TE – 702)
• Test Pocket ( TP – 701)
• Temperature at Screen Tube Inlet ( TE – 703)
• Draft gauge at Screen tube Inlet ( DG – 003)
• Flue gas temperature at SH – 2 Outlet ( TE – 704)
• Draft gauge at SH-2 Outlet (DG – 004)
• Flue gas Temperature at SH – 1 Outlet ( TE – 705)
• Draft gauge at SH – 1 Outlet (DG – 005)
• Flue Gas Temp at Evaporator – 2 Outlet ( TE – 706)
• Draft guage at Evaporator –2 Outlet ( DG – 006)
• Draft Gauge at Economiser Outlet ( DG – 007)
Section B Page 24
• Flue gas Temp at Economiser Outlet ( TE – 707)

• Oxygen Analyser ( AT – 708)
• Draft gauge at ID fan Inlet ( DG – 008)
• Draft gauge at ID fan Outlet ( DG –009)
O2 ANALYSER
A probe connection to measure the O2 % by O2 Analyser Tag no AT - 708 is provided in
the Economiser outlet duct.
6.2 BAG FILTER

The dust particles in the flue gas are collected here in bag filter and clean gas is let into the
stack through ID fan. A bypass duct to BAG Filter with damper is also provided for
emergency operation.
6.3 ID FAN
Boiler is provided with 1 x 100 %. I.D fan. ID fan is driven by variable frequency drive. ID
fan is of centrifugal type, with radial, backward curved blades and driven by electrical motor.
The percentage opening of the inlet damper OR the motor speed regulates the furnace
pressure. Fan inlet dampers are operated on input signals of furnace pressure indicating
controller (Tag no. PIC- 702) through a pneumatic power cylinder (Tag no PY – 702) to
maintain the required furnace draft. The actuator is provided with limit switches for 0% &
100% positions, which are used as safety interlocks for fan start permissive.
In VFD mode, the inlet damper is kept full open and the motor speed is varied to get the
required furnace Draught. The VFD receives input signal from furnace pressure indicating
controller (PIC – 702 ).
To minimise the force due to possible movement of the discharge duct on the fan, as well as
to isolate fan vibrations being passed on to the duct, the fans are connected to the duct
through bellows type expansion joints.
ID fan outlet ducts are connected to chimney.
6.4 RAPPING SYSTEM

On line Mechanical cleaning arrangement is provided to clean the deposits on the pressure
parts in the third pass of the boiler system.
Separate rapping assembly is provided for Super Heater, Evaporator and Economiser
sections.
Rapping assembly consists of stuffing box with pestle, Hammer assembly and Hammer Drive
mechanism.
Individual Spring loaded rapping pestle assembly is mounted on a Mounting Box which is
welded to the side wall/casing of the third pass.
Rapping Hammers of the individual sections are mounted on a common drive shaft through
lever and cam arrangement at different angles.
Hammer system is operated by a Geared Motor device.
Section B Page 25
Rapping can be operated either from Local or from DCS depends on the operators choice.
Hammer operation can be Manual or Auto mode as per the system requirement.
Section B Page 26
7. FUEL FEEDING & FIRING SYSTEM

(Refer P&I diagram for Air & firing System, DRG no D12-0PJ-08220 – 3)
AIM
Fuel feeding system is of OVER BED FEED type and the fuel is burnt in an ATMOSPHERIC
FLUIDISED BED COMBUSTOR. Fuel is fed through fuel feed pipes with the help of pneumatic
air and spent wash is fed through overhang SPW guns into a hot fluid bed where the
combustion takes place.
This sub-section describes the handling, storage and feeding system of fuel to the Boiler.
Fuel feeding system comprises the following
• Coal bunker
• Screw feeders for Coal
• Spent Wash Control Station
• Spent Wash firing System
• Combustor
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION DETAILS
3
BUNKER CAPACITY Coal : 48 M
FUEL FEEDING TYPE OVER BED FEEDING
FUEL SIZE < 8 mm for Coal , 55% Concentrated Spent Wash
2 Nos of Screw Feeder- Coal
NO OF COAL FEEDERS & TYPE
6 No of nozzles – Spent Wash
7.1 COAL BUNKER

From the coal processing plant the crushed / sieved fuel enters the fuel bunker of different
capacities as mentioned above, through belt conveyors.
A manually operated isolating sliding gate is provided at the bottom of bunker, before fuel
enters chute above Screw Feeders. By isolating this gate maintenance job can be taken up
in the respective feeder. A rod type gate is also provided before fuel enters feeders. By
inserting or withdrawing required nos. of rod, the fuel feed quantity can be controlled.
7.2 SCREW FEEDERS

There are 2 SCREW FEEDERS provided below the Coal bunker. These screw feeders are
Motor driven (M – 703) and the speed is controlled by ACVF drives and through reduction
gearboxes. Fuel control can be achieved by varying the speed of the feeder. Drive motion is
transferred to drive shaft through coupling arrangement. Controlled quantity of coal is
conveyed by the Screw Feeder to feeder discharge pipe. In each screw feeder, there are 2
outlets from each feeder discharge pipe.
Section B Page 27
FUEL DISTRIBUTION CHUTES

Fuel from screw feeders is fed into the COMBUSTOR through discharge chutes. Each feeder
outlet is divided into two pipes connected to combustor.
7.3 SPENT WASH CONTROL (SPW) STATION

Spent wash (60% Concentration) collected from Concentrator is stored in a strorage tank.
From tank SPW is fed to control station through SS – 80MM – S40 – 10 – 150 Common
piping. Thermocouple (TE – 801) is provided for remote indication of SPW temperature
before entering to control station. From common header suction pipe for each pump with
isolation valve SPW – 001 is provided. Basket type stainer with differential pressure gauge
(DPG – 801,802) is provided at Pump inlet which indicates strainer chokage if any. Pressure
gauge (PG – 801,802) is also provided for local indication of pump inlet pressure. Screw
Pumps (M – 801,802) are provided for pumping spent wash to Spray nozzle. Pumps are
electrically driven with VFD to control flow and pressure as required by process. Pressure
regulating valve (PSV – 801,802) is also provided at each pump outlet to maintain minimum
circulation of pump.
Each pump outlet line is provided with pressure gauge (PG – 803,804) for local indication,
NRV (WL – 004) for avoiding backflow of SPW & Pump Discharge valve (WL – 005) before
connecting to common discharge line. Common discharge line is equipped with pressure
transmitter (PT – 807), thermocouple (TE – 801) for remote indication and TG – 801 for
local indication of SPW temperature. Discharge line is provided with drain valve (WL – 006)
for draining SPW in case of line chokage.
Magnetic flow meter (FT – 801) with isolation valve (WL – 008) is provided for remote
indication of SPW flow. Bypass line with isolation valve (WL – 009) for magnetic flow meter
is also provided.
7.4 SPENT WASH (SPW) FIRING SYSTEM

Individual pipe with two isolation valve (WL – 012) and drain valves (WL – 016) is provided
for each spent wash nozzle (4 Nos) connected from common discharge piping. Pressure
gauge (PG – 802) are also provided at each nozzle inlet to identify chocking.
Common discharge piping also re routed to pump and so used for recirculation of pump.
Solenoid operated shut off valve (HIC – 801) is provided in the recirculation line. This valve
remains open during initial recirculation before spent wash firing and closes after SPW firing.
Pressure gauge (PG – 800) is provided in the return line for local indication. Globe type
isolation valve (WL – 013) valve is provided in re-circulation line that can be used for
controlling SPW Pressure.
Spent wash is fired through overhang SPW Nozzle ( 4 Nos) provided on the side wall panel
in Pass – I. Aspiring air is provided for cooling individual nozzle during firing.
Heat tracing is done for Spent wash control station and piping for maintaining SPW
temperature.
7.5 COMBUSTOR
The combustor is the zone where the firing of the fuel takes place. The combustor of this
boiler is of unique design. The combustor is of refractory brick wall and divided in to two
compartments. Combustor is provided with 16-thk Bedplate which accommodate the
following components as listed below -
• Air nozzles (Bubble caps)
Section B Page 28
• Bed drain pipes.

• Bed Level
• Bed thermocouples.
• Refractory
7.5.1 AIR NOZZLES
Fluidising nozzles are mounted on an carbon steel distributor plate. Stainless steel fluidising
nozzles are specially designed and arranged in such a way as to permit effective and
uniform fluidisation.
7.5.2 BED DRAIN PIPES
Each bed / compartment is provided with a drain line to drain the bed ash.
7.5.3 BED LEVEL INDICATORS
Two bed level indicators are provided ( DPI – 701A,701B) for remote bed level indication.
7.5.4 BED THERMOCOUPLES
There are 3 bed thermocouples in each compartment for indication of the bed temperatures.
Details of bed thermocouples-
1st Compartment (Start-up Compartment) TE-701 A, TE 701 B
2nd Compartment TE-702 A, TE 702 B
7.5.5 REFRACTORY
Combustor is made of Insulating brick (IS : 6) Layer is applied on the four side upto furnace
bottom header. Phoscast 60 applied on water wall panel upto 3490 mm height to avoid
erosion. Plenum chamber top plate is provided with Phoscast 60,Intermediate header is
provided with phoscast 90 XR and ash hoppers with Castocreate 40.
8. BED ASH DRAIN SYSTEM

Bed ash drain system comprises the following
♦ Bed drain pipes with gate valves.
8.1 BED DRAIN PIPES

To maintain bed level and to drain out bed ash / shale / stones etc from the fluid bed
Combustor. There are one drain pipe provided from each compartment. While draining
utmost care should be taken as hot material from bed shall come and accidents can occur if
draining is done with out prior information to the people working the bottom area. The ash
from Bed drain pipe outlet is let into the ash handling system.
9. CHEMICAL DOSING & SAMPLING SYSTEM
Chemical dosing system consists of chemical dosing tank with two pumps with motorised
agitator interconnecting piping, valves and mountings. The complete assembly is mounted
on the skid. Chemical dosing system are required to maintain feed & boiler water quality at
desirable levels.
9.1 LP DOSING SYSTEM

Removal of dissolved oxygen/gases from boiler feed water is essential. Presence of dissolve
gases can cause corrosion and pitting of feed water lines, steam line or condensate lines,
Section B Page 29
boiler tubes and other pressure parts resulting in pre-matured failure of pressure parts or
other expensive plant shut down.
Sodium sulphite (catalysed or un-catalysed) or hydrazine is to be used for oxygen removal
from boiler feed water. The major amount of dissolved oxygen is removed in deaerator by
mechanical deaeration. The remaining traces of oxygen are removed by reacting with
chemical (sodium sulfite or hydrazine).
9.2 H.P DOSING SYSTEM

During the boiler operation the impurities in the boiler water keep on getting concentrated.
If the boiler feed water is hard the concentration of such chemicals may cause formation &
deposition of scales on boiler heat transfer surfaces, which is dangerous. The chemicals
dosed, react and form insoluble compounds, which prevent scale formation and aid in
removal of existing scales. The quantity of such chemicals should to be calculated and
depending on the analysis of boiler water.
9.3 DESCRIPTION OF DOSING SYSTEM SKID (LP & HP)

Total system is mounted on a Base frame. Chemical-mixing tank where the chemical is
mixed with water for 8/24 hrs dosing. Following are the attachments of the tank - A level
gauge, One mixing water connection, one drain, one over flow connection with isolation
valves, one motorised agitator for proper mixing of the solution and a perforated screen at
the inlet to avoid foreign material entry.
Two pumps with motors are mounted on the base frame. One pump is operating while
another is stand by.
Pump suction line is tapped of from the bottom of the tank. It is connected to the pump
through an isolation valve and a strainer. A direct connection of the DM water is given in
between strainer and isolation valve for flushing of the discharge piping & strainer. Pumps
are high precision positive displacement type, in which feeding volume can be controlled. In
the discharge line a pulsation dampener is given to dampen intermittent discharge from the
pump. After that one NRV, a pressure gauge and isolation valve is provided. One relief valve
to maintain the pressure in the system is given.
Discharge of the relief valve is connected back to the tank. Pressure gauge is provided with
a Snubber and a Diaphragm, snubber helps to dampen the fluctuating pressure and
diaphragm avoids direct contact of chemicals and the gauge internals. One drain provided
after the pressure gauge is used to release pressure while adjusting the relief valve setting.
Also it can be used to check the flow.
According to the system, discharge line of the H.P dosing is connected to Steam Drum &
discharge line of the LP dosing is connected to the Deaerator. Supports at required
elevations are given. All the piping in the system is to withstand corrosive chemical solution.
Flushing Line
In the system, the chemical mixing water line is connected to the pump suction line also,
called as flushing line. This is provided to clear the line whenever there is no need for
dosing.
Whenever the dosing is stopped, always there is a chemically concentrate water is stagnant
inside the piping. If this liquid is not evacuated, it may tend to solidify and settle inside the
piping, which will create a problem for free flow of chemical whenever the dosing is re-
started.
Section B Page 30
Whenever the dosing is stopped, first close the mixing tank outlet valve and open the
flushing line valve, operate the pump for 2 hrs. In this process, the chemically concentrated
water is replaced with the clear water; thus choking of piping can be avoided.
Please refer Vendor manuals for technical data & safe Operation and
Maintenance of dosing system.
9.4 SAMPLING SYSTEM

Sampling system consisting of sample cooler and the cooling water sub-system for providing
steams & waters samples.
SAMPLE COOLERS
There are four sample coolers provided on the boiler for the Feed water sample, Drum water
sample, Saturated Steam sample and Superheated Steam sample.
The sample coolers are simple shell and coil type heat exchangers. In these sample coolers,
the sample is passed through the coils while the cooling media is passed around the coils on
the shell side.
Individual sample coolers are provided with isolation valves on the cooling water inlet &
cooling water return lines. The cooling water is provided from the plant via the terminal
point at pressure of 3.0 Kg/cm2 (g) & temp. 33 Deg C. The supply & return line is provided
with isolation valves.
Feed Water Sample
DEA 008 ~ 60 Small quantity continuous
Cooler
Boiler water sample
CBD – 002 , 003 ~ 60 Small quantity continuous
cooler
Saturated steam
SS - 001 ,002 ~ 70 Small quantity continuous
sample cooler.
S.H steam sample
SSH – 004,005 ~ 70 Small quantity continuous
cooler.
Section B Page 31

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INDEX EID PARRY (INDIA) LIMITED

Section Overview ......................................................................................................................1

1. Feed Water System ...............................................................................................................5

4. BOILER BLOW DOWN SYSTEM...........................................................................................20

6. FLUE GAS SYSTEM...............................................................................................................24

6.2 BAG FILTER....................................................................................................................... 25

Fuel feeding system comprises the following .......................................................................27

AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM AIR PLENUM

Static bed fig-1a Minimum fluidisation - Fluidising bed Turbulent bed

1.1 Condensate Tank

1.2 Transfer Water Control Station

1.2.3 Pump Discharge Piping

1.3 Deaerator Vapour Tank / Feed Water Storage Tank

Deaerator is provided with the following nozzles:

For connecting the

Pressure For pressure indication

1.4 Feed Water Control Station

1.4.6 Control Station

2. Boiler Pressure Part Description

2.2 DRUM COIL HEATER

2.3.1 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS

2.4 DOWN COMER TUBES

2.5.5 R.H & L.H SIDE WALL (PASS III)

2.6 EVAPORATOR COILS

2.7 SCREEN TUBES

2.8 RISER TUBES

2.9 SATURATED STEAM SUPPLY TUBES

2.12 SUPER HEATER - II

3. MAIN STEAM PIPING

4. BOILER BLOW DOWN SYSTEM

4.1 CBD DRAIN

Furnace & Economiser During boiler start-up and

4.2 OTHER DRAINS

• Steam drum level indicator.

4.3 COMMON BLOWDOWN TANK

5. AIR AND GAS SYSTEM

FD FAN SUCTION DAMPER

5.2 STEAM COIL AIR PRE HEATER (SCAPH)

Following are the attachments of SCAPH Outlet Air duct:

5.4 AIR DUCTS

5.4.3 AIR DUCT TO PNEUMATIC SPREADER

6.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

• Flue gas Temp at Economiser Outlet ( TE – 707)

6.2 BAG FILTER

6.4 RAPPING SYSTEM

Hammer system is operated by a Geared Motor device.

7. FUEL FEEDING & FIRING SYSTEM

7.1 COAL BUNKER

7.2 SCREW FEEDERS

FUEL DISTRIBUTION CHUTES

7.3 SPENT WASH CONTROL (SPW) STATION

7.4 SPENT WASH (SPW) FIRING SYSTEM

• Bed drain pipes.

8. BED ASH DRAIN SYSTEM

8.1 BED DRAIN PIPES

9.1 LP DOSING SYSTEM

9.2 H.P DOSING SYSTEM

9.3 DESCRIPTION OF DOSING SYSTEM SKID (LP & HP)

9.4 SAMPLING SYSTEM