LAN Module 2 Storyboard High Bandwidth Final

Module 2
Overview of Standards Organizations, Layered

Model, and Protocols
Start
Learning Objectives
In this module, you will:
• Explain the purpose of Networking Standards

• Recognize the organizations responsible for
developing some of the standards used in
networking
• Understand the OSI layered model and its
importance
• Analyze the similarities of OSI and TCP/IP model
2
Why do we need Standards in Networking?
Can a computer manufactured by Dell be connected to a computer manufactured
by HP and communicate over the network? Yes they can!
Protocols determine how devices communicate with each other.
3
Open standards are important to manufacturers when producing networking products.
Click the buttons to learn more.
4
A federation of standards organizations from dozens of nations. ISO is best known for
its OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model.
5
The main importance of IEEE to networking is the IEEE 802 Project. This project
encompasses many popular networking technologies such as Ethernet.
6
The EIA is best known for publishing electrical wiring and transmission standards.
7
The TIA is in charge of the development of communication

standards. The TIA works closely with the EIA.
8
OSI Reference Model
The OSI reference model
Initially, computer manufacturers created networking models to support their products.
This forced the manufacturers to produce all essential networking devices and forced the consumers to
buy all devices from the same manufacturers.
10
Why was the OSI Model created?
llowing
etween all
ere.
cts that can
her over the
e sure that
rent vendors
sources
11
OSI’s Layered Approach
Each layer describes a particular functionality with the protocols and devices needed to perform it.
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
easily understand
5 Session
manage
debug 4 Transport
solve networking issues 3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical 12
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
This layer is used by end-user
software such as web browsers 5 Session
and email clients. It gives
protocols that are used as a 4 Transport
guideline that allows the
software to send and receive 3 Network
information to the users.
i.e. HTTP, SMTP,... 2 Data Link
1 Physical 13
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
This layer provides or defines the 6 Presentation

data format and encryption. The
Presentation layer translates the 5 Session
data received from Layer 7 in a
format that can be sent over the 4 Transport
network. It also encode the data
received from lower layers in a 3 Network
format that is understood by the
Application layer like ASCII,
2 Data Link
EBCDIC, JPEG, MPEG, TIFF,
Binary, and so on.
1 Physical 14
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
This layer creates communication
channels named sessions
between devices. It is responsible
4 Transport
for opening and closing sessions.
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical 15
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
This layer is responsible for
confirming the delivery of 4 Transport
information between two
network devices.
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical 16
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
This layer delivers information to
devices based on the addresses 4 Transport
that indicate which network it
belongs to. 3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical 17
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
This layer is responsible for 5 Session

starting and ending a
communication between two 4 Transport
physically connected on the same
network segment 3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical 18
Recreate this in
Storyline
7 Application
6 Presentation
This layer is used for specifying 5 Session

the physical cable or wireless
connection between network 4 Transport
devices and is responsible for the
raw information transmitted 3 Network
across the cable or wireless
medium. 2 Data Link
1 Physical 19
Encapsulation and Decapsulation in the OSI model
The sender will prepare the information which will be sent to the recipient, then the receiving computer
needs to unpack this information to digest it.
The OSI layers give standard mechanisms to "pack and "unpack" this
information. These processes are called encapsulation and decapsulation.
20
Data Encapsulation
Data Encapsulation
Click the buttons in the figure below to learn more about sending data using a network.
Recreate this in
Storyline
The Application layer is where the

user interacts with the application
they are using. The data then will be
passed on the presentation layer
and then to the session layer. These
three layers add extra information
to the original data sent.
22
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
The data will be broken into smaller

pieces when entering the transport
layer. At this point, the PDU in the
Transport Layer is called a segment.
23
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
Each segment will go then to the

Network layer for network
addressing and routing through the
network. When the data reaches the
network layer, it will now add an IP
header that contains IP addresses
from the sending and receiving
computer.
24
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
At the Data Link layer, the PDU now

includes the Network layer header,
Transport layer header, and upper-
layer information, this is called a
frame. The frame is sent to a router
if the destination computer is on a
different network segment before
being continuing to its destination.
25
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
A frame is a logical group of 1's and
0's, the Physical layer will
encapsulate these numbers into a
digital signal which is read by
devices on the same network. When
the data is sent through the physical
medium, the receiving computer will
also receive it on a physical medium
and starts the reverse process of
decapsulation.
26
Data Decapsulation
Data Encapsulation
Click the buttons in the figure below to learn more about receiving data using a network.
Recreate this in
Storyline
The receiving computer will read the

signal information which is written
with 1's and 0's. When the whole
frame is received, it passes it to the
Data Link Layer.
28
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
The Data Link layer will perform a

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on
the frame. The Data Link layer will
remove any Data Link Information or
header attached when it was sent
and passes the PDU to the Network
Layer, the PDU is now a packet.
29
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
At the Network layer, the receiving

computer checks the IP address of
the packet. If the addresses match,
then the Network layer header will
be removed from the packet and
the remaining is passed to the
Transport Layer, The PDU is now a
segment.
30
Data Encapsulation
Recreate this in
Storyline
The Transport Layer will reconstruct

the data stream and send
acknowledgments to the sending
computer that it successfully
received each piece.
31
The TCP/IP model
The TCP/IP model
Recreate this in
Storyline
33
Knowledge Check
Let’s see what you have learned so far.
Start
Knowledge Check Question 1
True or False: OSI reference model is used for standardizing data networking protocols
to allow communication between different network equipment manufacturers.
A) True
B) False
35
Match the OSI layer numbers on the left column with the designation on the right column.
2-Data Link
1-Physical
3-Network
5-Session
7-Application
4-Transport
6-Presentation
36
Match the layers of the OSI model with the correct type of Protocol Data Unit at each layer.
Data Link-Frame
Transport-Segment
Network-Packet
37
What is the address information required for a computer to send a Protocol Data Unit
to another computer at the Data Link layer?
A. IP address
B. MAC address
C. TCP port
38
Summary
In this module, you learned that:
• Standards are used so that devices and applications from

different vendors can seamlessly communicate together.
• Orgs in charge of developing those standards include
ISO, IEEE, EIA, IETF, and TIA.
• The OSI is a conceptual and stacked model with seven
layers, used to describe network functionality
• and applications make communication possible.
• The TCP/IP model is another four stacked-layer model
widely implemented in networks today, it is used to
describe how network functionalities at each layer.
39

LAN Module 2 Storyboard High Bandwidth Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAN Module 2 Storyboard High Bandwidth Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAN Module 2 Storyboard High Bandwidth Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 2

Overview of Standards Organizations, Layered

• Explain the purpose of Networking Standards

Protocols determine how devices communicate with each other.

The TIA is in charge of the development of communication

solve networking issues 3 Network

This layer provides or defines the 6 Presentation

This layer is responsible for 5 Session

This layer is used for specifying 5 Session

The Application layer is where the

The data will be broken into smaller

Each segment will go then to the

At the Data Link layer, the PDU now

The receiving computer will read the

The Data Link layer will perform a

At the Network layer, the receiving

The Transport Layer will reconstruct

• Standards are used so that devices and applications from

You might also like