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    The Aryan Invasion Theory - The Final Nail in Its Coffin

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    The document summarizes the evidence against the Aryan Invasion Theory, which posits that Vedic culture originated outside of India through invaders. It outlines that there is no archaeological, historical, or textual evidence to support an invasion. Linguistic evidence is also insufficient to determine the origins of Vedic culture. Recent genetic studies show that north and south Indians belong to the same Caucasian race, providing further evidence against distinct invading and native populations. Scholars are increasingly rejecting the Aryan Invasion Theory as a 19th century colonial concept not supported by evidence.

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    The Aryan Invasion Theory - The Final Nail in Its Coffin

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    sanvae123
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    The document summarizes the evidence against the Aryan Invasion Theory, which posits that Vedic culture originated outside of India through invaders. It outlines that there is no archaeological, historical, or textual evidence to support an invasion. Linguistic evidence is also insufficient to determine the origins of Vedic culture. Recent genetic studies show that north and south Indians belong to the same Caucasian race, providing further evidence against distinct invading and native populations. Scholars are increasingly rejecting the Aryan Invasion Theory as a 19th century colonial concept not supported by evidence.

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    The document summarizes the evidence against the Aryan Invasion Theory, which posits that Vedic culture originated outside of India through invaders. It outlines that there is no archaeological, historical, or textual evidence to support an invasion. Linguistic evidence is also insufficient to determine the origins of Vedic culture. Recent genetic studies show that north and south Indians belong to the same Caucasian race, providing further evidence against distinct invading and native populations. Scholars are increasingly rejecting the Aryan Invasion Theory as a 19th century colonial concept not supported by evidence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    214 views10 pages

    The Aryan Invasion Theory - The Final Nail in Its Coffin

    Uploaded by

    sanvae123
    The document summarizes the evidence against the Aryan Invasion Theory, which posits that Vedic culture originated outside of India through invaders. It outlines that there is no archaeological, historical, or textual evidence to support an invasion. Linguistic evidence is also insufficient to determine the origins of Vedic culture. Recent genetic studies show that north and south Indians belong to the same Caucasian race, providing further evidence against distinct invading and native populations. Scholars are increasingly rejecting the Aryan Invasion Theory as a 19th century colonial concept not supported by evidence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The passage discusses the Aryan Invasion Theory and summarizes recent research that refutes the idea that Vedic people were outsider invaders to India. It argues that the Vedic people were indigenous based on lack of evidence for invasion and presence of Vedic culture and literature.

    The Aryan Invasion Theory proposes that Vedic people invaded India around 1500 BCE from outside, like the Caucasus region. However, the passage argues there is no historical, textual or archaeological evidence for an invasion. It says the theory is based on linguistic speculation from the 19th century with little archaeological data.

    Evidence cited includes lack of records of any invasion, indigenous nature of Vedic literature, similarities between Vedic and Indus Valley scripts/culture, presence of Vedic flora and fauna in India, and DNA/cranial evidence showing genetic continuity between ancient, medieval and modern Indians.

    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin

    TheAryanInvasionTheory:
    TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    (FromaChapterin"AdvancementsofAncientIndia'sVedicCulture')
    byStephenKnapp

    TheAryanInvasionTheory(AIT)istheideathattheVedicpeoplewerenotindigenoustotheareaofnorthernIndia,butwereinvadersfromthe
    CaucasusMountainregionthatdescendedonIndiaaround1500BCE,andthenwrotetheVedicliteratureandforcedthenativestoaccepttheir
    culture.InwritingthischapterIwanttoemphasizethatthisbookisnotabouttheAryanInvasionTheory(AIT),butweshouldatleastincludeone
    chapteronittoshowitsplaceindiscoveringtherealhistoryofthedevelopmentofancientIndiaandtheoriginsofVedicculture.Indoingso,I
    acknowledgetherehavealreadybeenvolumeswrittenonthiscontroversialtopic,andonwheretheoriginalhomelandoftheIndoAryansmightbe.
    Soanyonecanreadanyofthosebooksuntiloneisnauseatedwithvariousviewpoints,butthatisnotwhatwearegoingtodohere.Goingintoalong
    dissertationabouthowallthetheoriesweredevelopedandwhatevidencetheyfoundisthelastthingIwanttodo.Forallbutthespecialist
    researchersandreaders,itwouldmakeforanextremelytediousbook,atleastmoresothansomemayfeelitisalready.So,weareonlygoingto
    summarizesomeofthemostrecentandconcludingresearchthatisavailabletoday.
    LetusrememberthattheideathattheVedicAryanscamefromoutsideofancientIndiaandenteredtheregiontostartwhatbecametheVedic
    civilizationisaforeignidea.Therewasneveranyrecord,eitherhistorical,textualorarcheological,thatsupportsthispremiseforanAryaninvasion.
    Therealsoisnorecordofwhowouldhavebeentheinvaders.Thefactisthatitisatheorythatcamefrommerelinguisticspeculationwhichhappened
    duringthenineteenthcenturywhenverylittlearcheologicalexcavationhadyetbeendonearoundIndia.
    Therehavebeenmanyresearcherswhohavetriedtostudythelinguisticsofthepeopletogatheranindicationofwheretheoriginalhomelandof
    theVedicAryanswasactuallylocated.ThiswasdonetoeithertrytoupholdorrefutetheideaoftheAryanInvasionTheory.Inmybook,Proofof
    VedicCulturesGlobalExistence,Idealtwithlinguisticsandwordsimilaritiestoadegree,butthistopic,inspiteofalltheresearch,study,andbooks
    writtenonwhateverfindingsweremade,hasdonelittletoabsolutelyestablishwithclaritytheoriginalhomeoftheVedicAryans.
    SomescholarshavealwaysfeltthatthelinguisticevidenceisnotsufficienttodrawdefiniteconclusionswherethehomelandoftheVedicAryans
    waslocated.
    Linguisticsamongstsomescholarshavealwaysbeenaspeculativeprocess,atbestarrivingatvariousconjecturesabouttheoriginsofparticular
    culturesandlanguages.Othershavebeenevenmoredismissiveoftheideaofreconstructingahypotheticallanguagebasedonwordsthatremain
    presentinspokenlanguagesthousandsofyearslater.Thus,intryingtounderstandtheVedicAryansandwheretheirhomelandmayhavebeenby
    analyzingsomehypotheticalProtoIndoEuropeanlanguagethatstillhasnotbeenidentifiedseemsratherdoubtful.Atbest,itmayprovidesome
    basichypothesis,whichinrealitymaybemostmisleading.Thisalsoseemstosaythatthereislittlereasontoholdthefieldoflinguisticsinsucha
    highdegreeofrespect,consideringallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenthatseemtousethisprocesstodeterminesomanyconclusions,or
    conjectures,onthehomelandoftheVedicAryans.
    Asafurthercommenttothisissue,G.P.Singhrelates,"They(proponentsoftheAryanInvasionTheory)aredividedintheiropinionregarding
    theexactlocationofthesaidcommonhome,thereasonforwhichisnotfartodiscover.ThespeakersofAryanlanguageshavebeenclubbed
    togetherasanAryanracewhichneverexistedassuch.ThephilologicalandethnologicalexplanationsregardingtheidentificationofanAryan
    languagewithanAryanraceareconflicting.Thesimilaritiesofafewwordsdonotnecessarilyconstituteaproofofcommonoriginoftheirspeakers,
    rathertheyindicatecomminglingandsocioculturalcontactsandfellowship.ThetheoryofacommonhomeofmembersofasocalledAryanfamily
    whetherinAsiaorEuropecannotbeacceptedmerelyontheevidenceoflinguisticpaleontology...TheAryaninvasionofIndiaisamythandnotthe
    truth.TheAryanswereneitherinvadersnorconquerors.TheywerenotthedestroyersoftheHarappancivilizationbutoneofitsauthors."1
    Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatwecannotstilluselinguisticstohelprecognizethemanysimilaritiesofculturesbytheclosenessofwords,in
    bothspellingandmeaning,thatareusedinthelanguagesofvarioustraditions,orwhereandhowfartheVedicandSanskritinfluencehastraveled,
    andhowvariousculturesmayhavesharedtraditionswitheachother.ButtosupplyproofofwheretheVedicpeopleoriginated,thatisnotpossible.
    Plus,todaywehavesomuchmoreresearchandarcheologicalevidencethattellsfarmorethanthestudyoflinguistics,whichwillcertainlyleadusto
    thecorrectconclusionaboutthismatter.
    Uptilltoday,thereisstillnoculturefromthetimeofancientIndiathatcanbesaidtohaveoriginatedoutsideandtheninvadedorbroughtthe
    VedicculturetotheinteriorofIndia.Moreevidencewillbegivenaswediscussthistopic.Butfornow,whatthismeansisthatifwelookattheancient
    ruins,oragriculturalpractices,artifacts,orsocialactivities,itcanberecognizedthattheywereallbasedonindigenoustechniquesandtraditions.
    TheyarenotlinkedtoanythingthatwouldhavecomefromoutsideofIndia,althoughjusttheoppositeisthecase.Moreover,wecanseeamigration
    fromIndiatothewestoreveneastward.
    Traditionally,aswefindintheManusamhita(2.1718),VedicculturewasfoundedbythesageManubetweenthebanksoftheSarasvatiand
    DrishadvatiRivers.AndtheSarasvatiRiverwasthemainriverintheRigVeda,which,accordingtomodernlandstudies,wasamassiveand
    importantriveratthetime(before1900BCE).OnlyafterthisdidtheemphasisshifttothesacredGanga(Ganges)River.Thiswouldindicatethatthe
    VedictraditionisindeedaproductoftheareaofancientIndia.
    TherewasalsonorealdividebetweennorthandsouthIndiaintermsofthesocalledinvadingAryansinthenorthandtheDravidiansofthe
    south.AsexplainedbyDavidFrawley,"DravidianhistorydoesnotcontradictVedichistoryeither.ItcreditstheinventionoftheTamillanguage,the
    oldestDravidiantongue,totherishiAgastya,oneofthemostprominentsagesintheRigVeda.Dravidiankingshistoricallyhavecalledthemselves
    AryansandtracetheirdescentthroughManu(whointheMatsyaPuranaisregardedasoriginallyasouthIndianking).Apartfromlanguage,
    moreover,bothnorthandsouthIndiashareacommonreligionandculture."2
    Arecentlandmarkglobalstudyinpopulationgeneticsbyateamofinternationallyreputedscientists(asreportedinTheHistoryandGeography
    ofHumanGenes,byLucaCavalliSforza,PaoloMenozziandAlbertaPiazzo,PrincetonUniversityPress)revealsthatthepeoplewhoinhabitedthe
    Indiansubcontinent,includingEurope,concludesthatallbelongtoonesingleraceofCaucasiantype.Thisconfirmsonceagainthattherereallyisno
    racialdifferencebetweennorthIndiansandsouthIndianDravidians.
    OtherscholarsandresearchersarealsogivinguptheideaoftheAryanInvasionTheory.AsfurtherexplainedinthebookOriginofIndian
    Civilization,basedontheresultsoftheconferenceofthesamename,itwasdescribedthat,"Whilenotincompleteagreement,yetforProfessor
    WitzelandEltsovtoacknowledgethattheHarappanandVediccivilizationswereconcurrent,isanimportantlandmarkinthedebateontheIndic
    civilization.Prof.WitzelalsostatedforthefirsttimetomanyintheaudiencethatheandhiscolleaguesnolongersubscribetotheAryanInvasion
    Theory(AIT).Prof.WitzelofHarvardagreedwiththescholarspresentthattheAryaninvasiontheoryisanineteenthcenturyconceptandaspent
    forcetoday.Hesaid,nobodyintherightmindbelievesinsomethinglikeAryanInvasionTheory."3

    THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEARYANINVASIONTHEORY

    Beforethe1857uprisingitwasrecognizedthatBritishruleinIndiacouldnotbesustainedwithoutalargenumberofsupportersand
    collaboratorsfromwithintheIndianpopulation.Recognizingthis,itwasinfluentialmenlikeThomasBabbingtonMacaulay,who,asChairmanofthe
    EducationBoard,soughttosetupaneducationalsystemmodeledaftertheBritishsystem,which,inthecaseofIndia,wouldservetounderminethe
    Hindutradition.Whilenotamissionaryhimself,MacaulaycamefromadeeplyreligiousfamilysteepedintheProtestantChristianfaith.Hisfatherwas
    aPresbyterianministerandhismotheraQuaker.HebelievedthattheconversionofHindustoChristianityheldtheanswertotheproblemsof
    administeringIndia.HisideawastocreateaclassofEnglisheducatedelitethatwouldrepudiateitstraditionandbecomeBritishcollaborators.In
    1836,whileservingaschairmanoftheEducationBoardinIndia,heenthusiasticallywrotehisfatherabouthisideaandhowitwasproceeding:
    "OurEnglishschoolsareflourishingwonderfully.TheeffectofthiseducationontheHindusisprodigious...Itismybeliefthatifourplansof
    educationarefollowedup,therewillnotbeasingleidolatoramongtherespectableclassesinBengalthirtyyearshence.Andthiswillbeeffected
    withoutanyeffortstoproselytise,withoutthesmallestinterferencewithreligiousliberty,bynaturaloperationofknowledgeandreflection.Iheartily
    rejoiceintheproject."

    http://www.stephenknapp.com/aryan_invasion_theory_the_final_nail_in_its_coffin.htm 1/10
    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    Sothepointwasthatreligiousconversionandcolonialismweretogohandinhand.EuropeanChristianmissionswereanappendageofthe
    colonialgovernment,withmissionariesworkingsidebysidewiththegovernment.Inthiscase,wecouldaskifovertheyearsmuchhasreally
    changedinthepurposeoftheChristianmissionsinIndia.
    ThekeypointhereisMacaulaysbeliefthat"knowledgeandreflection"onthepartoftheHindus,especiallytheBrahmanas,wouldcausethem
    togiveuptheirageoldbeliefinanythingVedicinfavorofChristianity.ThepurposewastoturnthestrengthofHinduintellectualsagainsttheirown
    kindbyutilizingtheircommitmenttoscholarshipinuprootingtheirowntradition,whichMacaulayviewedasnothingmorethansuperstitions.Hisplan
    wastoeducatetheHindustobecomeChristiansandturnthemintocollaborators.Hepersistedwiththisideaforfifteenyearsuntilhefoundthe
    moneyandtherightmanforturninghisutopianideaintoreality.
    HeneededsomeonewhowouldtranslateandinterprettheVedictextsinsuchawaythatthenewlyeducatedIndianelitewouldseethe
    superiorityoftheBibleandchoosethatovereverythingelse.UponhisreturntoEngland,afteragooddealofefforthefoundatalentedbut
    impoverishedyoungGermanVedicscholarbynameFriedrichMaxMullerwhowaswillingtotakeonthearduousjob.Macaulayusedhisinfluence
    withtheEastIndiaCompanytofindfundsforMaxMullerstranslationoftheRigVeda.ThoughanardentGermannationalist,MaxMulleragreedfor
    thesakeofChristianitytoworkfortheEastIndiaCompany,whichinrealitymeanttheBritishGovernmentofIndia.Healsobadlyneededamajor
    sponsorforhisambitiousplans,whichhefelthehadatlastfound.
    ThefactisthatMaxMullerwaspaidbytheEastIndiaCompanytofurtheritscolonialaims,andworkedincooperationwithotherswhowere
    motivatedbythesuperiorityoftheGermanracethroughthewhiteAryanracetheory.
    Thiswasthegenesisofhisgreatenterprise,translatingtheRigVedawithSayana'scommentaryandtheeditingofthefiftyvolumeSacred
    BooksoftheEast.Inthisway,therecanbenodoubtregardingMaxMullersinitialaimandcommitmenttoconvertingIndianstoChristianity.Writing
    tohiswifein1866heobserved:
    "It[theRigVeda]istherootoftheirreligionandtoshowthemwhattherootis,Ifeelsure,istheonlywayofuprootingallthathassprungfromit
    duringthelastthreethousandyears."
    TwoyearslaterhealsowrotetheDukeofArgyle,thenactingSecretaryofStateforIndia:"TheancientreligionofIndiaisdoomed.Andif
    Christianitydoesnottakeitsplace,whosefaultwillitbe?"ThismakesitveryclearthatMaxMullerwasanagentoftheBritishgovernmentpaidto
    advanceitscolonialinterests.Nonetheless,hestillremainedanardentGermannationalistevenwhileworkinginEngland.Thishelpsexplainwhyhe
    usedhispositionasarecognizedVedicandSanskritscholartopromotetheideaofthe"Aryanrace"andthe"Aryannation,"atheoryamongsta
    certainclassofsocalledscholars,whichhasmaintaineditsinfluenceevenuntiltoday.

    MAXMULLERDENIESHISOWNTHEORY

    ItwasinthenineteenthcenturywhenMaxMullertriedtodatetheVedasto1200BCE.ThenheacceptedtheSutraliteraturetothesixthcentury
    BCEandassignedadurationofjust200yearstoeachoftheperiodsofVedicliterature,namelytheAranyakas,BrahmanasandVedas.Butwhenhis
    contemporaryscholars,likeGoldstucker,WhitneyandWilson,raisedafussaboutthis,hehadtoregressandstated(inhisPrefacetotheRgveda):"I
    haverepeatedlydweltonthemerelyhypotheticalcharacterofthedates,whichIhaveventuredtoassigntothefirstperiodsofVedicliterature.AllI
    haveclaimedforthemhasbeenthattheyareminimumdates,andthattheliteraryproductionsofeachperiodwhicheitherstillexistorwhichformerly
    existedcouldhardlybeaccountedforwithinshorterlimitsoftimethanthosesuggested."4
    Thisindicateshisadmissionthathereallydidnotknowandhewasexpressingnothingbutconjecture.Thisisnotexactlyascholarlyaction.But
    stillbeingpressedbyhiscontemporaries,hefinallyadmitteditinapublicationin1890(PhysicalReligion)andreflectedtheresponsibilitybysayingno
    onecanfigureitout:"Ifnowweaskhowwecanfixthedatesoftheseperiods,itisquiteclearthatwecannothopetofixaterminumaqua.Whether
    theVedichymnswerecomposed[in]1000or1500or2000or3000BC,nopoweronearthwilleverdetermine."5
    AlthoughMaxMullerwastheonewhocleverlycameupwiththeAryanInvasionTheory,helaterworkedtobringouttheSacredBooksofthe
    Eastseries,whichhelpedpromotethespiritualwisdomoftheEasttothegeneralpublicinEurope.Later,thoughaGermanbybirth,hewasliving
    comfortablyinEnglandwhenin1872,aftertheGermannationalistsfinallyachievedunification,hemarchedintoauniversityinGermanoccupied
    France(Strasbourg)anddenouncedtheGermandoctrineofthesuperiorAryanrace.ItwasatthistimethathebegantoclarifythatbyAryanhe
    meantlanguageandnotarace.Thiswasinstarkcontrastwithhispreviousviews,whichhadallbeenwelldocumented,andwhichkeptfollowinghim
    sincepoliticiansandpropagandistskeptusinghisconclusionsasauthorityfortheirownraceideas.Atlast,hestatedclearlyin1888:
    "IhavedeclaredagainandagainthatifIsayAryan,Imeanneitherbloodnorbones,norskullnorhairImeansimplythosewhospeaktheAryan
    language...TomeanethnologistwhospeaksofAryanblood,Aryanrace,Aryaneyesandhairisasgreatasinnerasalinguistwhospeaksofa
    dolicocephalicdictionaryorofbrachycephalicgrammar."6
    JustashehadpreviouslybeenaproponentoftheAryanracetheoryforthefirst20yearsofhislife,heremainedanopponentofitforthe
    remaining30yearsofhislife.However,inspiteofthisfact,westillfindIndianscholarswhostillholdontoMullerspreviousviews,howeverinaccurate
    theymayhavebeen,intheirownconclusionsonIndiashistory.

    THEDAMAGEDONEBYTHEARYANINVASIONTHEORY

    ThepremiseoftheAryanInvasionTheory(AIT)wasusedasaperfecttool,especiallybytheBritish,todividetheHindusocietyandthestateof
    India.TheNorthIndian"Aryans"werethenpitagainsttheSouthIndian"Dravidians,"alongwithhighcasteagainstlowcaste,mainstreamHindus
    againsttribals,Vedicorthodoxyagainsttheindigenousorthodoxsects,andlatertoneutralizeHinducriticismoftheforcedIslamicoccupationofIndia,
    since"HindusthemselvesenteredIndiainthesamewayasMuslimsdid."Eventoday,thetheoryhasstillbeenusedasthebasisforthegrowthof
    secularistandevenMarxistforces.
    TheproblemwithallofthisisthatpeopleofIndiandescent,especiallytheyouth,whentheyhearallofthisAryanInvasiontheorynonsense,they
    begintolosefaithintheirowncountry,cultureandhistory,andespeciallyintheVedictraditionandepics.Theythinkitisalljuststories,fiction,or
    evenalie.Butthatisnotthecaseatall,whichiswhyitisimportanttoshowwherethistheorycamefrom,whatitspurposewas,andwhyweshould
    throwitawayandtakeasecondandmuchdeeperlookatwhattheVedictraditionhastooffer,andhowitwasactuallythesourceofmuchofthe
    worldsadvancementinsomanyareas.
    EveninIndiatodayitisoftenthecasethatschoolsteachtheWesternviewsofIndianhistoryandevenuseEuropeantranslationsofthegreat
    Vedictexts.ChildrenaretaughtthattheircultureisinherentlyinferiortotheWesterndevelopments,andthatHinduismisarchaic,outdated,with
    nothingtoofferpeopletoday.Therefore,inthisview,IndianstudentsshouldnolongervaluetheirowncultureandinsteadlooktowardtheWestfor
    everythingtheyneed.Butthisnotionisabsolutelyfalse.TheydonotknownhowmuchtheWesternyouthlookstowardIndiaforitsspiritual
    inspiration,andareusingtheancientIndianandVedictraditions,suchasyoga,Jyotish,Vastu,Ayurveda,andtheVedicphilosophytoreachtheir
    highestpotentialandwellbeing.Theywouldnotdothatiftheywerenotexperiencingthebenefitsofit.Infact,itisallbecomingincreasinglypopular
    becausethereismorecuriosity,inquiry,andneedtofindsomethingofsubstanceratherthanbeingcontentwiththeshallownatureofWesternsociety
    anditsvalues.
    PartoftheproblemtodayisintheeducationalsystemofIndia,andeverywhereforthatmatter,thatstilloftenprojectstheideathatthenative
    IndianswereundevelopedandpushedoutoftheareathatwastakenoverbytheinvadingAryans,whothenpushedtheirlanguage,culture,and
    religionontothepeoplewhoremained.ThosewhowentsouthtoavoidtheinvadingAryanswerecalledtheDravidians.TheBritishmissionaries,even
    asearlyas1840,wentontousethistheoryasameanstopersuadepeopleofSouthIndiatorejecttheVedictradition,sinceithadbeenforcedon
    thembyinvaders,andacceptChristianity.Byusingthetypical"divideandrule"policythattheBritishwereknownfor,theyhelpedcreateaschismin
    thepeopleofIndiawhichgavethembettermeanstocontrolandmanipulatethemundertheguiseofgivingthembacktherespecttheyhadalways
    deserved.Ofcourse,iftheybecameChristiantheywoulddeserveevenmorerespect,asportrayedbythemissionaries.So,theAryanInvasion
    Theory,whichhadoriginallybeendevelopedbyaChristiancertainlycontinuedtoservetheChristianinterestswell,unbeknownsttothepeoplewho
    falselyacceptedtheDravidianidentity.Inthisregard,ChandrasekharendraSaraswatisummeditupverynicely:"Theirconclusionswouldpermitthem
    toregardtheancientrishisasprimitivemeninferiortothemoderns...theiranalysisofourreligioustextswasmotivatedbythedesiretoshow
    Christianityasabetterreligion."7
    Thus,therealtruthwaskepthiddensotheiragendacouldbeserved.ButwasnotthatthewholepurposebehindtheAryanInvasionTheory
    fromthestart?Afterall,asN.S.Rajaramhassuccinctlyrelated,"EnglishtranslationsoftheRigveda...representamassivemisinterpretationbuilton
    thepreconceptionthattheVedasaretheprimitivepoetryofthenomadicbarbarians.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth."8
    http://www.stephenknapp.com/aryan_invasion_theory_the_final_nail_in_its_coffin.htm 2/10
    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    Evenoflate,therehavebeenleadersinTamilNaduwhohavepromotedthisDravidianidentity,andgavereasonswhytheyshouldreject
    Hinduism,whichisbutanimpositiononthenatives.Ofcourse,now,throughtheuseofgenetics,ithasbeenproventhatthereneverwasany
    division,exceptinnameonly,betweentheVedicAryansandthenativeDravidians.Theywereallpartofthesamenativeandindigenousfabricof
    ancientIndiancivilization.Anyotherdivisionswereallbuthypotheticalandtheoryonly.Butthiswaspartofthedamagethatsuchmentalspeculation
    hadcaused.Anditstillgoeson.Thatiswhybooksandinformationsuchasthisneedstobespread,sothatthetruthofthemattercanfinallybe
    displayedforalltosee,andtheunitytohelppreserveandprotectthetruthofthedepthandprofoundnatureoftheVediccivilizationcanbeproperly
    understood.

    OBJECTIONSTOTHEARYANINVASIONTHEORY

    AsarcheologistsB.B.Lalexplains,itwasMortimerWheelerwho,afterreportingafewskeletonsbeingfoundatMohenjodaro,saidthatthe
    peopleofMohenjodarohadbeenmassacredintheinvasionoftheregion.However,theskeletonshadbeenfoundatdifferentstratigraphiclevelsof
    thesitesomefromintermediatelevels,latelevels,andalsofromthedepositsthathadaccumulatedatthesiteafteritsdesertion.Thisshowedthat
    Wheelerwaswronginhisassessment.Recentskeletonswouldhavebeennowherebuttheuppermostlevels.
    Thus,theconclusionwouldhavetobethatnoevidencewhatsoeverofaninvasionhasbeenfoundatanyofthehundredsofHarappansites.
    Furthermore,atmostofthesesites,thereisampleproofofcontinuityofhabitation.Anoutsideinvasionalsomeansthepresenceandentryofanew
    people,butnosuchevidenceexists.AdetailedstudyofhumanskeletalremainsbyHemphillandhiscolleagues(1991)showedthatnonewpeople
    arrivedbetween4500800BCE,duringwhichthe"Aryaninvasion"wassaidtohavehappened(around1500BCE).Therefore,noevidenceforan
    invasionexists,andcertainlynotbyanyAryans.
    Furthermore,whennewinvadersarrive,placenamesofsometownsandriversremainfromthepreviouspeoplewhooccupiedthearea.Butno
    DravidiannamesexistsforanysuchobjectsintheentireareaonceoccupiedbytheHarappans.9
    AnotherpointisthatbeforetheVedaswerewritten,ithadbeenanoraltradition.However,anoraltraditionofthiskindofphilosophyandculture
    cannotbemaintainedbyapeopleinconstantmovementfordecadesifnotcenturiesovermanythousandsofmiles,whichiswhattheAryanInvasion
    Theoryproposes.SuchatraditionastheVedicculturecouldbepreservedonlybyasedentarypeoplewheretheoldergenerationwouldhavethe
    necessarytimetopassthecommunalloretotheyoungergeneration.10
    Infact,aswehaveestablishedinProofofVedicCulturesGlobalExistence,theVedictextsmakenomentionofanymigrationatall.Surely,if
    thathadhappenedtherewouldhavebeensomenarrationofit,orhistoryofapreviouslocation.Butnothingexistslikethat,noranylanguage
    previoustotheVedicculturethatexistedintheGangeticplainsaswouldbeexpected.
    TherearemanyreasonswhycommonsensecantellyouthattherecouldnothavebeenanyinvasionintoAryavrata(India)byVedicAryans
    fromoutside.ThequestionisthatiftheAryansweresupposedtoberamblingbarbarians,asviewedbysome,yetwereabletodevelopsucha
    sophisticatedlanguage(Sanskrit)andcompositions(theVedas),thenhowdidtheynotleaveinthecountriestheyleftbehindarichculturethatshows
    theirpreviousdevelopments?Whathappenedtotheirdescendantswhoshouldhavekepttheremnantsoftheircultureandlanguage?Whywerenot
    similardevelopmentsmadebythosewhoremainedinEasternEurope?AndwhathappenedtothepreSanskritlanguageandcultureoftheareathat
    theAryansinvaded,ifthatiswhathappened?Noanswershavebeenfoundregardingthesepoints.
    Furthermore,asDr.B.B.Lalrelates,"LetitbesquarelystatedthattheearliestbookoftheAryans,theRigVeda,doesnotmentionanyofthe
    speciesofcoldclimatetreesenumerated.Ontheotherhand,allthetreesmentionedintheRigVeda,suchastheAshvatha(FicusreligiosaL.),
    Khadira(AcadiacatechuWild),Nigrodhas(FicusbenghalenisL.),donotbelongtoacoldclimatebuttoatropicalone.Likewise,theRigVedicfauna,
    comprisingsuchspeciesasthelion,elephant,peacock,alsobelongtoatropicalclimate.Further,duringtheRigVedicperiodtheSarasvatiwasa
    mightyriver,butitgraduallydriedup.Theevidenceofarcheology,hydrologyandradiocarbondatesshowsthattheSarasvatidrieduparound2000
    BCE.AllthisprovesthattheRigVedaantedatedthemagicfigure.Again,theRigVedicgeographycoverstheareafromtheGangaYamunaonthe
    easttothewestoftheIndus.Likewise,thearcheologicalevidenceshowsthatpriorto2,000BCEitwastheHarappanCivilizationthatflourishedin
    thisregion.Thus,thetextualandarcheologicaldatacombinetoestablishaperfectspatialcumchronologicalonenessbetweentheRigVedicand
    Harappancultures.Andsince,asdemonstratedinthisbook,theHarappanswerethesonsofthesoil,itsquarelyfollowsthattheRigVedicpeople
    wereindigenous."11
    Wealsoneedtounderstandfromwhatfrivolousbasiscametheterm"Aryanrace."Thepeoplewhocreatedthisterm,andtheAryanInvasion
    Theoryitself,werenotbiologists,archeologists,orscientists,thoughsomeofthemlateradoptedthis.Buttheywereonlylinguistsofquestionable
    qualifications.Evenin1929,SirJulianHuxley,oneofthegreatnaturalscientistsofthetwentiethcenturyrelated(inOxfordPamphlet,No.5,OUP:
    p.9):
    "In1848,theyoungGermanscholarFriederichMaxMuller(18231900)settledinOxford...About1853heintroducedintotheEnglishlanguage
    theunluckytermAryanasappliedtoalargegroupoflanguages.
    "Moreover,MaxMullerthrewanotherappleofdiscord.Heintroducedapropositionthatisdemonstrablyfalse.Hespokenotonlyofadefinite
    Aryanlanguageanditsdescendants,butalsoofacorrespondingAryanrace.TheideawasrapidlytakenupbothinGermanyandinEngland."12
    Partoftheproblemwasamisinterpretationofthewordaryan.WiththeAIT,itwasmeaningaraceofpeople,orevenaseparatelanguage.But
    thewordaryawasalwaysmeanttobeusedasanhonorifictitleforsomeonewholeadapurelife,whowasonthepathforattainingapureand
    spiritualconsciousness.Aryaactuallymeansclearasinlightconsciousness,notasalightskinnedpersonofanotherseparaterace.AnAryaninthis
    casemeantanethical,socialandspiritualidealofawellgovernedlife,forsomeonewhowasnoble,straightforwardinhisdealings,wascourageous,
    gentle,kind,compassionate,protectoroftheweak,eagerforknowledge,anddisplayedrespectforthewiseandlearned.Thus,everythingthatwas
    oppositeofthis,suchasmean,cruel,rude,false,ignoble,wasconsiderednonaryan.
    Huxley,regardingthescientificviewatthetime(1939),saidthefollowing:"InEnglandandAmericathephraseAryanracehasquiteceasedto
    beusedbywriterswithscientificknowledge,thoughitappearsoccasionallyinpoliticalandpropagandistliterature...InGermany,theideaofthe
    AryanracereceivednomorescientificsupportthaninEngland.Nevertheless,itfoundableandverypersistentliteraryadvocateswhomadeit
    appearveryflatteringtolocalvanity.Itthereforesteadilyspread,fosteredbyspecialinterests."
    Inthisregard,N.S.Rajaramexplains:"ThosespecialconditionsweretheriseofNazisminGermanyandBritishimperialinterestsinIndia.
    WhilebothGermanyandBritaintooktotheideaoftheAryanrace,thecoursestakenbythisracialtheoryinthetwocountrieswerequitedifferent.Its
    perversioninGermanyleadingeventuallytoNazismanditshorrorsistoowellknowntoberepeatedhere.TheBritish,however,putittomore
    creativeuseforimperialpurposes,especiallyasatoolinmakingtheirruleacceptabletoIndians.ABBCreportadmitted(6October,2005):
    "It[AIT]gaveahistoricalprecedenttojustifytheroleandstatusoftheBritishRaj,whocouldarguethattheyweretransformingIndiaforthe
    betterinthesamewaythattheAryanshaddonethousandsofyearsearlier."13
    ThiswasthewaytheBritishcouldjustifytheirpresenceinIndiaasanewandimprovedbrandofAryansthatweredoingthesamethingthatthe
    presentIndianswhowerethepreviousinvadingAryanshaddoneinthepast.Thus,theAryanInvasionTheorywasperpetuatedbyspecialinterests
    ratherthanbytruehistoricalevidence.Insuchacase,whenthetruthfinallybecomesapparent,suchfalsenotionshavetodwindleandfade.Thatis
    whyIhavewrittenabouthowthosewhobelieveinthefalsehistoryofIndiaarebutadyingbreed.Themodernarcheologistssimplydonotbelieveor
    seeenoughevidencetoaccepttheAryanInvasionTheory.Thus,itbecomesselfevidentthattheVedicculturewaspartoftheindigenoustraditionof
    Indiaallalong,andnotbroughttoIndiabyanyoutsideinvaders.

    MISLEADINGDATESOFTHEARYANINVASIONTHEORY

    WhentheideafortheAryaninvasionwasdevelopedbyMaxMuller,hewasformulatingdatesbasedonhisfamiliarityandloyaltytotheBiblical
    tradition,whichtriestoestablishthattheworldwascreatedin4004BCE.Therefore,whateverdateshecameupwithhadtofitintothisschemeof
    things.So,asweknow,hedecidedthattheAryanshadtohaveinvadedIndiain1500BCE,andthendevelopedtheRigVedathereafterin1200
    BCE.ThismeansthatsuchcalculationsarebasedonfaithintheBible,and,accordingly,agroupoflinguisticallyunifiedpeoplemusthavebeen
    existingaroundtheCaspianSeabeforeinvadingIndia.ItisthisBiblicalreferencethatformedthefoundationofthesedatesofMaxMullersforthe
    AryanInvasionTheoryandwhentheRigVedamayhavebeenwritten.Theseweremerelyassumptions,manyofwhichhavebeenleftuncontested,
    especiallyoutsideofIndia,upuntilafewdecadesago.
    Furthermore,Dr.NarahariAchar,aphysicistfromtheUniversityofMemphisclearlyshowedwithastronomicalanalysisthattheMahabharata

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    Wartookplacein3067BCE,seriouslychallengingtheoutside"Aryan"originofVedicpeople.14Therefore,ifweaccepttheyear3102BCEasthe
    dateforthebeginningofKaliyuga,and3067BCEasthetimefortheMahabharatawar,thissurelymeansthathumansocietyitselfhadbeenin
    existenceformany,manyyearsbeforetheChristiandateof4004BCEasthedateforthecreationoftheworld.Thiswouldmakethe4004BCEdate
    ofcreationandthestoriesthatgowithitcompletefiction.
    Therealproblemwiththisisthatthesedatesof1500BCEfortheinvasionoftheAryanforcesand1200BCEforthecreationoftheRigVeda
    havebeenpropagatedinbothschoolandcollegebooksformanyyearsasiftheyarethesubstantiatedtruth.However,evenMulleradmittedmany
    timeslaterinhislifethatthesedateswerearbitraryinnature,ormerelyguessesgroundedonhisownviewofthings,whichwereprecariousopinions
    basedonhisallegiancetotheBible.Hehadwritteninadmission,"IneedhardlysaythatIagreewitheveryoneofmycritics.Ihaverepeatedlydwelt
    ontheentirelyhypotheticalcharacterofthedatesthatIventuretoassign[totheVedicliterature]....WhethertheVedichymnswerecomposed1000,
    1500or2000or3000BC,nopoweronearthwilleverdetermine."
    Aswehaveseen,itisthefindingsinarcheologyandthestatementsandhistorywithintheRigVedathathavecontradictedthedatesofthe
    fictionalAryanInvasionandtheideaofaninvasionitself.Forexample,theRigVedahasdescribedtheancientandgloriousSarasvatiRiver,whichis
    knowntohavedrieduparound1900BCE,andwasprobablyalreadyintheprocessofdryingupbackin3000BCE.Thiscouldnothavebeenwritten
    byanyinvaderswhoenteredIndiaaround1500BCE.Howcouldtheyhavedescribedworshipingariverthathadalreadyceasedtoexist500
    hundredyearsearlier?Thisisimpossible.Itwouldbelikeahauntingghoststory,stilltalkingaboutthingsthathaddisappearedmanygenerations
    ago.
    ThisindicatesthattheRigVedahadtohavebeeninexistencewhiletheSarasvatiRiverwasinherprime.Thisalsomeansthatthedatesthat
    manyWesternscholarshaveassignedfortheformationoftheRigVedaarealsoinerrorbyprobably2000yearsormore.Ofcourse,itwasMax
    MullerwhowaspaidbytheBritishGovernmenttowriteanegativeinterpretationoftheVedastounderminetheviewHindusthemselveshadfortheir
    ownscripture,sohemayhavealsobeenunderpressureforhisemploymentifhedidnotprovidesuchviewpoints.Nonetheless,hehadhisown
    ambitions,aswasoutlinedinalettertohiswifein1866abouthiseditionoftheRigVedahaving"agreatextentonthefateofIndiaandthegrowthof
    millionsofsoulsinthatcountry.Itistherootoftheirreligionandtoshowthemwhatthatrootis,Ifeelsure,istheonlywayofuprootingallthathas
    sprungfromitinthelastthreethousandyears."
    Well,hispurposedidnotwork,butcertainlycreatedamajordistractioninfindingthetruthofthematter,which,fortunately,therehavebeen
    manyscholarsthathavenowshowntheinaccuracyoftheviewsthathadoriginatedfromMaxMullershypothesisandguesswork.

    THESARASVATIRIVERINTHERIGVEDA

    TheSarasvatiRiverismentionedintheRigVedaover60times,withthreehymnsthatmakeSarasvatithesubject,namelyinbook6,hymn61,
    andbook7,hymns95&96.ThemostnotedversefromtheRigVedathatreferstothemightySarasvatiriveranditscivilizationis7.95.1.12,which
    states:

    prakshodasadhayadasasra
    eshasarasvatidharunamayasipuh
    prababadhanarathyevayati
    vishvaapomahinasindhuranyaha

    "Pureinhercoursefromthemountainstotheocean,aloneofstreamsSarasvatihathlistened."
    Thus,itstandstoreasonthattheSarasvatiacquiredthisstateofreverenceduringitsprimeandnotafteritstarteddryingup.Inotherversesthat
    describeher,wefinditsaidintheRigVeda(7.36.6)sheistheholiestandgreatestofallrivers,thebestofthesevenrivers,andMotheroftherivers
    andtheSindhuRiver.Thenagainsheisthebestofthesevenrivers(6.61.910),andisfedbythree,fiveorsevenstreams(6.61.12),andnourishes
    alloftheVedicpeople,andflowsthroughthemountainsandcrushesboulderslikethestemsoflotusflowers(6.61.2),andthatSarasvatiwasthebest
    ofmothers,thebestriverandbestgoddess(6.41.16).
    Forfurtherinsightintothis,wecanseehowtheRigVedadescribedtheSarasvatiRiver.SomeoftheSanskritwordsusedtodescribethe
    SarasvatiintheRigVedaarenaditama,ambitama,anddevitama,whichmeanbestriver,bestmotherandbestgoddess(2.41.16)itisswollenand
    fedbythreeormoreriverspinvamanasindhubhih(6.52.6)itisendless,swiftmoving,roaring,mostdearamonghersisterriverstogetherwithher
    divineaspect,itnourishesthetribes(6.61.813).In7.95.2itissaidgiribhyahasamudrat,itflowsinapurecoursefromthemountainstotheocean.
    Then7.96.2and10.177mentionstopraytotherivergoddessforsustenanceandgoodfortune,and10.64.9callsuponher(andSarayuandIndus)
    asgreatandnourishing.Thus,thedescriptionsindicatealiveandflowingriverofgreatimportance,flowingfromtheHimalayastotheocean.15
    TheRigVeda(10.75.5)alsoindicateswheretheSarasvatiwaslocatedbylistingthemainnorthernriversinorderfromtheeast,inwhichcase
    placestheSarasvatibetweentheYamunaandtheShutudri(modernSutlej),asfoundintheverse:

    imammegangeyamunesarasvatishutudristomamparushnya
    asiknyamarudvridhevitastyaarjikiyeshrinuhyasushomaya

    "Ganga,Yamuna,Sarasvati,Shutudri(Sutlej)Parushni(Ravi)Asikni,Manuvridha,Vitasta,Arjikiye,Shrinuhya,andSushomaya."
    ManygreatVedicrishiswerealsomentionedintheRigVedaashavingaconnectionwiththeSarasvatiRiver,suchasVasisthaandJamadagni
    (7.96.3),Gritsamada(2.41.16),andBharadvaj(6.61).AlsokingslikeDivodas(6.61)andBharatassuchasDevavatandDevashravas(3.23)are
    mentionedinconnectionwiththeSarasvati.AlsooftheRigVedaaretheclanofthePuruswhoresidedalongtheSarasvati,inwhichitsays,
    "Sarasvati,onbothwhoseplantladenbanksthePurusdwell."(7.96.2)16
    TheimportanceoftheSarasvati,ashereindemonstrated,cannotgounnoticed.BesidesreferencestotheSarasvatiRiverintheRigVeda,we
    canfindsomeintheAtharvaVedaaswell.Onereference(6.30.1)referstoIndraploughingthebanksoftheSarasvatitocultivatebarley,whichwas
    notonlyoneoftheitemsforofferingintothefireduringtheyajnaritual,butwasalsooneoftheearlieststaplefoods.
    Duringsacrifices,wefind(AV5.27.9)SarasvatiasthegoddesswasinvokedalongwithgoddessesIda,MahiandBharathi.Theninhymns(AV
    7.68and18.1.41)sheiscalledtoacceptoblationsduringtheritual.Wealsofind(AV7.57.1)whereVamadevawasshakenduetotheapathyand
    derogatorywordsofthepeople,andinvokesSarasvatitoreducetensionandcleansethemind.Inasimilarway,wefind(AV19.40.1)whereSarasvati
    ispraisedinordertoovercomefrailtiesofthemind.

    PROOFOFTHESARASVATIRIVER

    WhilesurveyingthecourseoftheSarasvatiRiver,geologistSirAurielStein(18621943)concludedthattherewasindeedsuchariverthathad
    driedupwhenthecourseoftheSutlejchanged,anddiscontinuedbeingthemaincontributoryoftheSarasvatiRiver.Thus,astheSarasvatibeganto
    dry,thecitiesandresidentsthatdependedontheriveralsohadtomove.Withthesatelliteimagesmadethroughearthsensingsatellitesfrom1978
    byNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)andtheISRO(IndianSpaceResearchOrganization)thatrevealedtheancientriver
    courses,theseshowthattheSarasvatiwasachannelthatrangedfromsixtoeightkilometerswide,andupto14kilometersinsomeparts.Thus,the
    greatnessoftheSarasvatiRiver,asdescribedintheRigVeda,wasverified.
    ThiswasfurtherconfirmedbyanaerialsurveyconductedbytheAmericanLandsatsatellitein1990thatshowedadriedtractof1000miles
    wheretheSarasvatiwouldhaveflowedfromtheHimalayastotheSourashtriancoast.Thischangedthewaymanyresearchersviewedthisissue.
    Thiswaslaterfollowedupin1996bytheIndianremotesensingsatelliteoftheIndianSpaceResearchOrganization,thecolorimagesofwhichalso
    clearlyshowedmarksofapalaeochannelaswideas3kmto12kminthesamestretch.
    Furthermore,in1998,therewere24wellsdugbytheCentralGroundWaterCommissionalongthedrybed,allofwhichproducedpotablewater
    butone.Alsoin1998,afterthePokhranatomictest,theBabaAtomicResearchCenter(BARC)drilleddown70metersforsubsoilwatertoconfirm
    thattheaquifershadnotbeenaffectedbyradioactivematerialandfoundthatthewaterwasofHimalayanoriginfromasfarbackas14,000years.
    ThisdiscoveryoftheSarasvatialsosolvedthereasonwhytherewerealluvialdepositsintheGulfofCambay,discoveredin1869by
    archeologistAlexRogue.ItwasoddbecausetherewasnoknownriverthatflowedfromtheHimalayasatthetime.17

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    THEDEMISEOFTHESARASVATI

    TheRigVedadescribestheSarasvatiRiverasamightyflowingriver.Soifweknowthatitdriedupcompletelyaround2000BCE,andhadto
    havebeenintheprocessofdryingby3000BCEorbefore,thentheRigVedahadtohavebeenwrittenbeforeitstartedtodryup.Thereisnothingin
    theRigVedaabouttheSarasvatidiminishinginanyway.However,wedofindintheMahabharatawheretheSarasvatiwasdecreasingtoashorter
    course,suchasin3.130.36.7.476.37.149.34.81and9.36.12.
    TheMahabharata(ShalyaParva,3655)alsodescribestheSarasvatiinrelationtoBalaramaspilgrimage,whichHetooktooccupyHimself
    ratherthanparticipateinthewaratKurukshetrawithHisbrotherLordKrishna.ItstatesthattheSarasvatiwasstillsignificantinitsholiness,butfrom
    itsoriginitflowedonlyforafortydayjourneybyhorseintothedesertwhereitdisappeared.Allthatwasleftweretheholyplacesthatusedtobeonits
    banks(asalsomentionedin3.80.843.88.2&9.34.158).TheMahabharataalsodescribesthegeographicallocationoftheriver,sayingthatitflows
    nearKurukshetra(3.81.125).SimilarinformationalongwiththeplacewheretheSarasvatidisappears,Vinashana,isfoundintheManusamhita
    (2.21).
    AllofthisalsoindicatesthattheRigVedahadtohaveexistedwellbefore2000BCEbecauseitisdescribedthereinthattheSarasvatiwasa
    mightyflowingriverduringtheRigVedictimes,beforeitfinallydriedin2000BCE.AccordingtotheRigVeda(10.75.56),theVedicpeopleoccupied
    theareafromtheGangaintheeasttotheIndusinthewest.AndaswehaveestablishedinProofofVedicCulturesGlobalExistence,theHarappan
    civilizationwasapartoftheVediccultureintheformofitscontinuanceanddiversity,orregionalvariations.Infact,theRigVedawasalreadyin
    existencebeforetheHarappanCivilizationcameintoitsprime.
    FromotherresearchwehavefoundthatthewholeoftheSarasvatiRiverhaddriedbyabout2000to1800BCE,andwasatbestafewsmall
    lakes.ButthesiteoftheHarappanCivilizationcalledKalibangan,thatsitsalongthebankoftheSarasvati,afterhydrologicalinvestigations(Raikes
    1968),revealsthatitwasabandonedbecauseofthedryingupoftheriver.AndthishappenedbecauseoftheriseoftheBataMarkandaTerracein
    theHimalayas(PuriandVerma1998).EventhePanchavimshaBrahmana(15.10.16)mentionsthedryingupoftheSarasvati.Radiocarbondates
    alsoshowthatKalibanganwasabandonedaround2000BCE.18
    ResearchexplainsthatthedemiseoftheSarasvatiRiverwascausedbythelackofwaterithadpreviouslyreceivedfromtheYamuna,which
    hadchangeditscoursetofloweastwardintotheGanga.ThentheSutlejalsoturnedsouthwest,whiletheglacialmeltalsodecreased,allofwhich
    greatlyweakenedtheflowoftheSarasvati.ThisresultedintheSarasvatidisappearingintothedesertataplacecalledVinashana,orSamanta
    panchakaintheMahabharata,beforeitreachedthesea.19
    This,alongwiththeworlddroughtthatwasknowntohavehappenedaround2200to1900BCE,contributedtodryinguptheSarasvatiand
    DrishavatiriversandtothedisappearanceoftheHarappanorIndusValleyCivilization.ItalsocreatedtheThardesert.Afterthismanypeoplewere
    forcedtoabandonthisareaandwhatevertownsandcitiesflourishedthereatthattime.Thismassiveworldwidedroughtnotonlyimpactedthe
    Harappancivilization,butisalsoknowntohaveaffectedorendedthecivilizationsofnotonlyEgypt,butalsooftheSumerAkkadregionsin
    Mesopotamia.AllofthiscausedadeteriorationoftheVedicbondinthisarea,andariseinsmallpoliticalgroupsknownasJanapadas,whichis
    describedintheBuddhistandJainliterature.SanskritalsolostinfluencewhilePrakrits,regionallanguages,likePaliandArdhamagadhiwereused,
    aswefindintheBuddhistandJaintextsofthatera.
    AsfurtherexplainedbyN.S.Rajaram,itwassometimearound3000BCEwhentheYamunaRiverchangeditscourseandstarteditsflowinto
    theGangaRiver.Thismayhavebeenduetoearthquakesorsomethingsimilar.That,ofcourse,weakenedtheflowoftheSarasvatiRiver,whereinit
    soondisappearedintothedesertataplacecalledVinashana.SomearcheologistshaveidentifiedthisplaceasKalibanganinRajasthan,whichisalso
    whereHarappanandpreHarappansettlementshavebeenfound,aswellassignsofpossibleearthquakesinthearea.Thiscorrespondsto
    descriptionsfoundintheJaiminiyaBrahmanaandtheMahabharata.
    ThelowerpartoftheSarasvatiRiverwasstillfedbytheSutlejandotherriversforsometime,whichcontinuedtoflowthroughtheThardesert
    andsupportsomeoftheHarappansettlementsinRajasthan,SindhandCholistantotheRannofKutch.However,theSutlejlateralsochanged
    course,sothisstretchoftheriveralsodriedupinstagesfrom2200to1900,whenitisknowntohavedisappearedcompletely,puttinganendto
    whateverwasleftoftheHarappansocietyinthatarea.ThismeansthattheHarappancivilizationcametoanendbynaturalcauses,notanyinvaders,
    andthenmovedfarthereastintotheGangeticplains.SomeHarappanpeoplemayhavealsomovedwestwardintoWestAsiawherethecontributed
    tothegrowingtribesthere.SomeoftheKassiterulersseemedtohavebeenofIndianoriginwhoestablishedanempirethere.
    SinceMohenjodaroandHarappawerefirstdiscoveredin1922,numerousothersettlementshavebeenuncovered,whichnownumberover
    2500,whichstretchesfromBaluchistantotheGangaandbeyond,anddowntotheTaptiValley.Allofthiscoversnearlyamillionandahalfsquare
    miles,allofwhichhavebeenresearchedbyarcheologists.And75%ofalloftheseareconcentratedaroundthedriedupSarasvatiRiverbed.
    However,thisalsomeansthatitwasnotaninvasionthatforcedtheabandonmentofthesetownsandcities,butitwasthedryingupoftheSarasvati
    River,whichwasacatastrophethatleadtoanoutflowofpeoplegoingindifferentdirectionsfromheretoresettleelsewhere,especiallyintothe
    Gangeticplain,butalsoincludingwestwardintoIran,Mesopotamiaandotherareas.
    Evenamostrecentstudy,asreportedinTheDailyMailinLondon,combiningthelatestarchaeologicalevidencewithstateoftheartgeoscience
    technologiesprovidesevidencethatclimatechangewasakeyingredientinthecollapseofthegreatIndusorHarappanCivilizationalmost4000
    yearsago.
    LiviuGiosan,ageologistwithWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)andleadauthorofthestudypublishedtheweekofMay28,2012,
    intheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,"WereconstructedthedynamiclandscapeoftheplainwheretheInduscivilization
    developed5200yearsago,builtitscities,andslowlydisintegratedbetween3900and3000yearsago.Untilnow,speculationsaboundedaboutthe
    linksbetweenthismysteriousancientcultureanditslifegivingmightyrivers...Weconsideredthatitishightimeforateamofinterdisciplinary
    scientiststocontributetothedebateabouttheenigmaticfateofthesepeople,"Giosanexplained.
    Asthereportrelated,theresearchwasconductedbetween2003and2008inPakistan,fromthecoastoftheArabianSeaintothefertileirrigated
    valleysofPunjabandthenorthernTharDesert.TheinternationalteamincludedscientistsfromtheU.S.,U.K.,Pakistan,India,andRomaniawith
    specialtiesingeology,geomorphology,archaeology,andmathematics.BycombiningsatellitephotosandtopographicdatacollectedbytheShuttle
    RadarTopographyMission(SRTM),theresearcherspreparedandanalyzeddigitalmapsoflandformsconstructedbytheIndusandneighboring
    rivers,whichwerethenprobedinthefieldbydrilling,coring,andevenmanuallydugtrenches.Collectedsampleswereusedtodeterminethe
    sedimentsorigins,whetherbroughtinandshapedbyriversorwind,andtheirage,inordertodevelopachronologyoflandscapechanges.
    Thenewstudysuggeststhesameconclusionsashadpreviouslybeenarrivedatbyotherresearchers,thatthedeclineinmonsoonrainsledto
    weakenedriverdynamics,andplayedacriticalrolebothinthedevelopmentandthecollapseoftheHarappanculture,whichreliedonriverfloodsto
    fueltheiragriculturalsurpluses.
    Fromthenewresearch,acompellingpictureof10,000yearsofchanginglandscapesemerges.Beforetheplainwasmassivelysettled,thewild
    andforcefulIndusanditstributariesflowingfromtheHimalayacutvalleysintotheirowndepositsandlefthigh"interfluvial"stretchesoflandbetween
    them.Intheeast,reliablemonsoonrainssustainedperennialriversthatcrisscrossedthedesertleavingbehindtheirsedimentarydepositsacrossa
    broadregion.
    ThenewresearcharguesthattheSarasvati(GhaggarHakra)wasprimarilyaperennialmonsoonsupportedwatercourse,andthataridification
    reducedittoshortseasonalflows.Therefore,theconclusionoftheirresearch,inthisregard,isthattheslowdryingoftheSarasvatiRiverwasthe
    primaryreasonforthemovementoftheIndusValleyCivilizationfromtheregion,notinvaderswhotookoverthearea.By3900yearsago,theirrivers
    drying,theHarappanshadanescaperoutetotheeasttowardtheGangesbasin,wheremonsoonrainsremainedreliable.20

    LOCATIONOFVINASHANA

    ItissaidthattheplaceofVinashanaiswheretheSarasvatiRiverstoppedflowing.However,noteveryoneissureofexactlywhereitwas
    located.SomehistoriansandarchaeologistslocateitnearBharner,othersnearKalibanga,andothersinRajasthan.Butthepopularconventionofthe
    listsofholyplacesinthePuranaslocatesitintheKurukshetraregion,Samantapanchaka.WhereasthePadmaPurana(18.247)seemstolocatethe
    siteofVinashanaasfardownstreamasPushkaranya.TheSkandaPurana(NagaraKhanda,164.39)appearstosaythattheflowoftheSarasvati
    wentundergroundafteritreachedPushkararanyainherwestwardflow.
    AsrelatedinNewDiscoveriesAboutVedicSarasvati,"PushkararanyaofKurukshetrawastheforestarealocatedclosetopresentJindor
    Jayantika.StillthisplaceisfamousasPokharan.Thereisapond,whichisknowneventodayasapondwhereDuryodhanahidhimselfafterbeing
    defeatedbyBhimainmacefighting.SoitiscrystalclearfromthisreferencethatVinashanaislocatedinHaryanaitselfandnotRajasthan."

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    "Sridharasvani(c1400AD)citedbyC.Rayachaudhuri21inhisglossonBhagavataPurana(1.9.1)locatesVinashanainKurukshetraitself.The
    factisthatduringtheageofcompositionoftheBrahmanasandSutras,whenthesacrificialcultwasatitsclimax,thenameofVinashanastucktoone
    particularlocality,whichalmostconstantlyremainedhummingwithallsortsofsacrificialactivity.Aswehavealreadydescribed,Beri,closetoBisan,
    beingsuchaholyplace,thegeographicalidentificationofVinashanaoftheKurukshetraregionwiththeareaofBisannearBeriofRohtakwillnotbea
    farfetchedone."22
    TheBhagavataPurana(10.79.23)furtherdescribesVinashanaastheplacewhereBalaramawenttoforestallthemaceduelbetweenBhimaand
    Durodhana,whichgivesmorecredencetothewhereaboutsofVinashana,sincethemacedueltookplaceintheregionofKurukshetra.Plus,modern
    BisaninRohtakisaplaceclosetoPokaraninJindwhereDuryodhana,accordingtotradition,issaidtohavehidhimselfafterhisdefeatintheduel.
    ThisisalsointheregionwhereBhismafellafterthe18daysofbattleinthewarofKurukshetra,whichisafamousplacenearKurukshetra.

    THEARGUMENTOFNOHORSEINHARAPPA

    InanalyzingthecultureoftheHarappans,oneoftheargumentshasbeenthattherewasnohorse,andthatnohorseboneshavebeenfound
    there.ThisistojustifytheideathatthehorsewasnotindigenoustotheregionandwasbroughtintotheareabyinvadingAryans.However,whenwe
    researchtheHarappanseals,wefindwhatiscalledtheHorseSeal,whichmeansthehorsehadbeenapartoftheHarappanculture.Furthermore,
    horseboneshavebeenfoundatalllevelsatseveralHarappansites.Furthermore,whendecipheringtheseals,thewordashva(aSanskritwordfor
    horse)isacommonlyoccurringwordontheseals.Therefore,theideaofahorselessHarappancultureisafallacythathasbeenprovedwrongby
    evidence.23HorseremainshavealsobeenfoundinplaceslikeKoldihwaandMahagaraintheinteriorofIndiadatingbackto6500BCE.
    AsfurtherelaboratedbyB.B.Lal:"Astudyofthehorseanatomyshowsthatthereweretwotypesofhorsesintheancientworldthatwestillfind
    today.ThereisanIndiantypethathasseventeenribsandaWestandCentralAsianhorsethathaseighteenribs.TheRigVedichorse,asdescribed
    intheAshwamedhaorhorseofferingoftheRigVeda,hasthirtyfourribs(seventeentimestwofortherightandleftside).(RigVeda1.162.18)This
    showsthattheRigVedichorsedidnotcomefromCentralAsiabutwastheSouthAsianbreed.TheRigVedichorseisbornoftheocean,which
    indicatessouthernconnections.(RigVeda1.163.1)"
    Asfurtherexplained,"RelativetotheideasomepeoplehavethattherearenohorseremainsatHarappa,SirJohnMarshallwhoexcavated
    HarappaandMohenjodarogavemeasurementsofthehorseremainshehadfoundatMohenjodaro(seehisMohenjodaroIndusCivilization,Vol.II,
    pages6534).Clayhorsefigurines,liketheterracottahorse,havealsobeenfoundfromLothal.Inthisregard,notedarcheologistB.B.Lalstates24:
    "EventhemuchtoutedargumentabouttheabsenceofthehorsefromtheHarappanCivilizationhasnovalidityinthelightofthenewevidence
    regardingitspresence.Thenotedinternationalauthorityonthepalaeontologyofthehorse,SandorBokonyioftheArchaeologicalInstitute,Budapest,
    afterdulyexaminingthefaunalremainsconcerned,haddeclaredasfarbackas1993thatthedomesticnatureofSurkotadahorse(aHarappansite
    inKachchh)isundoubtful"25
    Furthermore,SirJohnMarshall,DirectorGeneraloftheArchaeologicalSurvey,whenexcavatingHarappaandMohenjodaro,recordedthe
    presenceofwhathecalledthe"Mohenjodarohorse":
    "Itwillbeseenthatthereisaconsiderabledegreeofsimilaritybetweenthesevariousexamples,anditisprobabletheAnauhorse,theMohenjo
    darohorse,andtheexampleofEquuscaballusoftheZoologicalSurveryofIndia,areallofthetypeoftheIndiancountrybred,asmallbreedofa
    horse,theAnauhorsebeingslightlysmallerthantheothers."26
    Thisisquiteprominentevidencefortheexistenceofthehorse.However,theideathatifthehorsewasnotalreadypresentintheHarappan
    area,thatitwasbroughtintoancientIndiabyinvadingAryans,thenitwouldhavetobeproved,whichisnotactuallypossiblebecausetheRigVeda
    (1.162.18)alsodescribesthehorseashaving34ribs,withasimilardescriptionintheYajurVeda,whiletheCentralAsianhorseas36ribs.This
    showsthatthenativeIndianhorsehasbeeninIndiaformanyhundredsofyears.Thisshouldclearlynullifythewholeargumentofnohorseinthe
    Harapparegion,alongwithanotherfactorusedtotrytojustifytheAryanInvasionTheory.
    Thethingaboutthehorseisthatitwasagreatlyprizedandvaluableanimal.So,theremaynotbemanycircumstancesthatwouldallowfor
    horsebonestobefound.However,theSanskritwordforhorse,ashva,isfound215timesintheRigVeda.Also,manypersonalitieshadnames
    connectedwiththewordaswell.Thus,thehorsewashighlyvalued.
    TheconclusionsofwhethertheinhabitantsofHarappawereVedicAryansornotwerebasedonexcavationsin193040whentheywerenotso
    complete,andwhentheyfoundfewremainsofhorsesattheHarappanIndussites,whichgavewayfortheargumentofnohorseinHarappa.
    However,nowthatnumeroussitesalongtheIndusandthedriedSarasvatiRiverhavebeenexcavatedmorethoroughly,bonesofdomesticated
    horseshavebeenfoundatvariouslocations.Dr.S.R.Rao,therenownarcheologist,informsusthathorseboneshavebeenfoundfromthe"Mature
    Harappan"and"LateHarappan"levelsofthesesites.Manyotherscholarshavealsounearthednumerousbonesofhorsesofbothdomesticatedand
    combatanttypes.Thus,ifanyscholarstillclingstotheideathattheIndusValleyinhabitantscannotbeconnectedtoorwerenotapartoftheVedic
    Aryanculturebecauseofnohorseremains,thentheyhavenotupdatedtheirresearch.Thisalsoclarifiesthefactthatthiscivilizationwasindeeda
    partoftheVedicculture.
    Besidestheevidenceforhorsebonesbeingfoundatplacesalreadymentioned,EdwinBryantdescribesadditionalplaceswherethebonesof
    horseshavebeenfound."ThereportclaimingtheearliestdateforthedomesticatedhorseinIndia,ca.4500BCE,comesfromafindfromBagor,
    Rajasthan,atthebaseoftheAravalliHills(Ghosh,1989).InRanaGhundai,Baluchistan,excavatedbyE.J.Ross,equineteethwerereportedfroma
    preHarappanlevel(GuhaandChatterjee1946,315316).Interestingly,equineboneshavebeenreportedfromMahagara,nearAllahabad,wheresix
    sampleabsolutecarbon14testshavegivendatesrangingfrom2265BCEto1480BCE.(Sharmaetal.1980,220221).Evenmoresignificantly,
    horsebonesfromtheNeolithicsiteHallurinKarnataka(15001300BCE)havealsobeenidentifiedbythearchaeozoologistK.R.Alur(1971,123).
    ThesefindingsofthedomestichorsefromMahagaraintheeast,andHallurinthesouth,aresignificantbecausetheywouldseeminconsistentwith
    theaxiomthattheAryansintroducedthedomesticatedhorseintotheNorthwestofthesubcontinentinthelaterpartofthesecondmillenniumBCE...
    "IntheIndusValleyanditsenvirons,SewellandGuha,asearlyas1931,hadreportedtheexistenceofthetruehorse,EquuacaballusLinnfrom
    MohenjoDaroitself,andBholanath(1963)reportedthesamefromHarappa,Ropar,andLothal.EvenMortimerWheeler(1953)identifiedahorse
    figurineandacceptedthatitislikelyenoughthatcamel,horseandasswereinfactallafamiliarfeatureoftheInduscaravan.Anotherearlyevidence
    ofthehorseintheIndusValleywasreportedbyMackay,in1938,whoidentifiedaclaymodeloftheanimalatMohenjoDaro,Piggott(1952,126,130)
    reportsahorsefigurinefromPerianoGhundaiintheIndusValley,datedsomewherebetweenEarlyDynasticandAkkadiantimes.Bonesfrom
    Harappa,previouslythoughttohavebelongedtothedomesticass,havebeenreportedlycriticallyreexaminedandattributedtoasmallhorse
    (Sharma199293,31).Additionalevidenceofthehorseintheformofbones,teeth,orfigurineshasbeenreportedinotherIndussitessuchas
    Kalibangan(Sharma199293,31)Lothal(Rao1979),Surkotada(Sharma1974),andMalvan(Sharma199293,32).Otherlatersitesincludethe
    SwatValley(Stacul1969)Gumla(Sankalia1974,330)Pirak(Jarrige1985)Kuntasi(Sharma1995,24)andRangpur(Rao1979,219)."27
    InspiteoftheseconsiderablefindingsofthehorseinancientIndia,manyarcheologistsignoredthemandkeptpointingbacktotheideathatthe
    truedomesticatedhorsewasneverknowntotheHarappans.ThisonlykepttheconfusionoftherealdatefortheHarappansandhistoryoftheIndus
    ValleyCivilizationincirculation,whenactuallyitwassomethingthatwouldhelpshowthatitwasanindigenoussociety.

    THEURBANORRURALARGUMENT

    AnotherargumenthadbeenthattheHarappansocietywasnotpartoftheAryanCivilizationbecauseHarappawasurbanwhiletheAryanswere
    ruralpastoralists.Therefore,theyhadtobetwoseparatesocieties.However,B.B.Lalexplains:"Justastherewerecities,townsandvillagesinthe
    Harappanensemble(asthereareeventodayinanysociety)therewerebothruralandurbancomponentsintheVedictimes."28
    S.P.GuptaalsosharesasimilarthoughtonthisthathelpsmakeitmoreclearthattheHarappanorIndusCivilizationwasmerelyanoutgrowth
    andapartoftheVedicculture:"OnceitbecomesreasonablyclearthattheVedasdocontainenoughmaterialwhichshowsthattheauthorsofthe
    hymnswerefullyawareofthecities,citylife,longdistanceoverseasandoverlandtrade,etc...itbecomeseasierforustoappreciatethetheorythat
    theIndusSarasvatiandVediccivilizationsmayhavebeenjustthetwocomplementaryelementsofoneandthesamecivilization.Andthis,itis
    importanttonote,isnotapresuppositionagainstthecattlekeepingimageoftheVedicAryans.Afterall,ancientcivilizationshadboththe
    components,thevillageandthecity,andnumericallyvillagesweremanytimesmorethanthecities.InIndiapresentlytherearearound6.5lakhsof
    villagesbuthardly600townsandcitiesputtogether....Plainly,iftheVedicliteraturereflectsprimarilythevillagelifeandnottheurbanlife,itdoesnot
    atallsurpriseus."29
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    DECIPHERINGTHEINDUSSEALS

    ManyscholarshavesuggestedthatthefinalclueinunderstandingthelocationoftheIndoAryanswouldbeifandwhentheIndusSealscouldbe
    deciphered.WiththebookofN.JhaandN.S.Rajaram,TheDecipheredIndusScript:Methodology,Readings,Interpretations,itwouldseemthata
    bigstepinthatdirectionhasbeenmade,ifnotcompleted.
    Withthisnewinformation,itwouldseemtocorroboratethenotionthatinrealitytheVedicAgewasdevelopedbeforetheIndusValley
    Civilization.Manyscholarspreviouslyhavetriedtoseparatethetwocompletely,sayingthattheIndusValleyCivilization,suchasplaceslikeHarappa
    andMohenjodarowerenotapartoftheVedicculture,butthatisnotaccurate.Theyindeedwereapartofit,andtheirsealsrepresentedaformofthe
    Vediclanguage.Thiswouldalsoindicatethatalargelyindigenouscivilizationmusthavebeenflourishingathousandyearsbeforewhatbecamethe
    developmentofDynasticEgyptandMesopotamia.
    TheSarasvatiIndusValleyCivilizationwasprobablyinitsprimeabout3100to1900BCE.ButifweacceptthedatesthatweregivenbyMuller
    andhisfollowers,thatVedicculturedidnotstartuntil1500BCE,thenthatiswhymanyarethosethatsayHarappaandMohenjodarocouldnothave
    beenpartoftheVedicAryans.Thisbringsustowhatiscalled"FrawleysParadox",forasDavidFrawleypointsout,itgivesusahistorywithouta
    literaturefortheHarappans,andaliteraturewithouthistory,archeologyorgeographyfortheAryans.Thismakesnosense.Howcantherebeone
    withouttheotherforanydevelopedcivilization?
    Therefore,itbecomesmoreapparentthattheVedicliteratureisfarolderthanmostthought,andtheHarappanswereapartoftheVedicculture.
    AndtheIndussealshelpmakethatclear.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheyear3067iswhenthewaratKurukshetratookplace.TheVedicAryans
    werealreadywellestablishedandwereapartofthatwar.ThismeansthatmostifnotalloftheRigVedahymnshadalreadybeendevelopedby3500
    BCE,notlater,thoughtheymayhavebeenwrittenorcompiledlater.TheHarappanshadtohaveparticipatedtosomedegreeinthatwar.Thiswas
    alsoaboutthetimewhentheIndussealshadbeenformed.Infact,asN.S.Rajaramexplains,"theMahabharata,intheShantiParva,containsa
    descriptionoftheetymologicaltextswhosecontentsarerecordedontheseals,aswellastheVedicsymbolismrelatingtotheimagesonthem...This
    iswhatholdsthekeynotonlytothedecipherment[oftheseals],butalsotoanunderstandingofthecultureandcivilizationoftheHarappans."30
    InthedecipheringoftheIndusscript,itwasfoundthattherearecloseconnectionsbetweenthestructureoftheIndusscriptandtherulesof
    grammarandphoneticsdescribedinsuchprimaryworksonVedicSanskritastheRikPratishakhyaofShaunaka,andtheNighantubyYaska.This
    helpedpavethewayforunderstandingtheseals.ManyofthewordsonthesealscanbetracedbacktotheNighantu.
    Actually,severalinvestigatorsbeforethepublicationoftheworkofN.Jhain1996recognizedthatthelanguageontheIndusscripthadtobe
    VedicSanskrit.N.S.RajaramhimselfhadconcludedthewritingswereconnectedwiththeSutras,basedonshortstatementsormeanings.Inthis
    way,theIndussealshaveprovidedfurtherinsightsintotheoriginallocationandtimeperiodoftheVedicculture.

    GENETICSSHOWANEASTTOWESTMOVEMENT

    Fromthescientificperspective,Dr.ChandrakantPansepresentedapaperthatexplainedthatthetissueantigensofthenorthandsouthIndians
    werecompletelydistinctfromthoseoftheEuropeans."ThestarklackofsimilaritiesinthegenepoolsoftheIndiansubcontinentandEurope,vividly
    evidentinthemtDNAandtheMHCcomplex,destroysanyAryaninvasionnotions,andconfirmsthegeneticuniformityofpeopleoftheIndian
    subcontinent."31
    AnotheraspectforthedismissaloftheAryanInvasionTheorybasedongeneticswasreportedinTheHindunewspaperonJune24,2006.The
    reportwasthatChairmanoftheIndianCouncilofHistoricalResearch,D.N.Tripathi,inBangaloreexplainedthatgeneticistsfromPakistanhad
    collectedsamplesforgeneticsanalysisofthepeopleoftheIndiansubcontinentandsentthemtocellularandmolecularbiologylaboratoriesinthe
    U.S.FromtheDNAtestsofthebloodsamplesfromthepeopleintheIndiansubcontinent,thescientistsconcludedthatthehumanracespreadoutof
    Africa60,000yearsbeforeChrist.Theyhadsettledinthesubcontinentregion.However,fromthesetests,thegeneticistsconcludedthatpeopleliving
    inboththenorthernandsouthernregionsofIndia,andthoseintheWestAsianregionwerefromthesamegenepool.Thisindicatedthatthehuman
    racehaditsoriginsinAfricaandnotEuropeorCentralAsia,asclaimedbyafewhistorians,andthenwentprimarilytoandspreadoutfromancient
    India.32
    WhenaskedabouttheargumentofmanyhistoriansthatthelineageofpeopleinnorthIndiaistracedtotheAryansoutsideofIndiawholater
    enteredorinvadedIndia,ProfessorTripathisaidthattestresultshadprovedthiswrong."Wehavetheresultsofstudies.Theconclusionofsome
    historiansthatAryanscamehere1500yearsbeforeChristdoesnotholdwater."
    AsfurtherexplainedinthisregardbyN.S.Rajaram,"Aparticulartraitthatwechooseascharacterizingapopulationgroupiscalledagenetic
    marker.OnesuchmarkerthathasprovenusefulistheM17geneticmarker.ItiscommoninIndiaandinadjacentregions,butbecomesincreasingly
    rareaswemovewestwardintoEurope.This,combinedwiththefactthatIndiancarriersofM17aregeneticallymorediversethanEuropeancarriers
    showsthattheIndianpopulationisolderthantheEuropean."33
    "NotingthatthemtDNAiscarriedbythefemaleline,whileYchromosomeispassedonthroughthemaleline,whatthismeansisthattheIndian
    populationislargelyindigenousinoriginandhasreceivednegligibleexternalinput(geneflow)sincetheendofthelastIceAge(Holocene).This
    meansthatvariousmigrationtheoriesliketheAryaninvasionin1500BCEsimplycannotbetrue."34
    Furthermore,theOxfordgeneticistStephenOppenheimerisquiteclearonthisand,whilefocusingontheM17marker,explains:"...SouthAsia
    islogicallytheultimateoriginofM17andhisancestorsandsureenoughwefindhighestratesandgreatestdiversityoftheM17lineinPakistan,India
    andeasternIran,andlowratesintheCaucasus.M17isnotonlymorediverseinSouthAsiathaninCentralAsia,butdiversitycharacterizesits
    presenceinisolatedtribalgroupsinthesouth,thusundermininganytheoryofM17asamarkerofamaleAryaninvasionofIndia."
    "OneageestimatefortheoriginofthislineinIndiaisasmuchas51,000years.AllthissuggeststhatM17couldhavefoundhiswayinitiallyfrom
    IndiaorPakistan,throughKashmir,thenviaCentralAsiaandRussia,beforefinallycomingtoEurope."35
    HealsoexplainsthattheeastwardmovementofthosepeoplewiththeM17markertraveledfromIndiawestwardthroughKashmir,CentralAsia,
    upintoRussiaandthenintoEuropeafter40,000BP(38,000BCE).Thus,aswehavebeensaying,allmigrationinthisregardhasbeenfromtheeast
    westward.36
    SotheconclusionisthattherecouldhavebeennothingcalledtheAryanInvasionassomepropose,andthatthetribalpeopleofIndiaare
    ancestrallynodifferentthantherestoftheIndianpopulation.Therefore,anyonesayingsomethingdifferentisonlyproposingsuchforsomespecial
    interestordivisivepurpose,and,thus,theyshouldnotbetrusted.Therearemanyofuswhohaveknownthis,butitcantakealongtimetocontinue
    gatheringenoughevidencetopresentitinawaythatestablishesthetruth.Furthermore,thedivisionsinIndiaknownasthenorthernAryansandthe
    southernDravidiansisalsoafallacybasedonconjecture,usednowonlytofacilitate"specialinterests"thatneedtodividepeopleforpolitical,
    financialorotherreasons.
    Inthisway,wecanunderstandthattheideathattheVediccultureandpeopleoftheareanowcalledIndiahavenotdevelopedoutofinvaders
    whoaresaidtohavebroughttheculturetotheregion.TheideathattheVedicandDharmicculturewasbroughtoutoftheCaucasusandintoancient
    Indiacannotbetakenseriouslywithoutlosingonescredibility.Ifanything,itistheEuropeanswhoaredescendantsofthemigrantsfromIndia,going
    backasfaras40,000years,makingthemayoungerpopulationthanthemucholderIndianpopulation.
    Allofthisalsopushesthedatesbackmuchfartherbyseveralthousandyearsthanthefoolishlyproposedguestimateof1500BCE.

    CONCLUSION:
    THERENEVERWASANYARYANINVASION

    Thoughtherehavebeenmanyscholarsandresearcherswhohavewrittenandprovidedevidencethatestablishesthatthereneverwasan
    Aryaninvasion,andthattheVedicpeopleanditsculturewereindeedoriginallyfromtheareaofIndia,NicholasKazanas,theGreekprofessor,was
    themostrecenttoprovideevidenceandarticlesthatwerepublishedinacademicjournals,thusforcingtheacademicstotakeanotherlookatthis
    issue.ThetheoryoftheAryaninvasionstillhasheldmuchinfluence,ifnotbiasandprejudice,atthewayacademicsviewthehistoryofIndia,whichis
    somethingthatshouldhavechangedandbeencorrectedyearsago.Thus,afteryearsofpromotingtheAryanInvasionTheory,andthenrejectingit
    afterhavingdonehisownresearch,Kazanasconcludes:
    "TheAryanInvasionTheory,despiteits150yearlonglife,hasnorealsupportanywhereexceptcontinuedprejudice.Ithasnowbeensubstituted

    http://www.stephenknapp.com/aryan_invasion_theory_the_final_nail_in_its_coffin.htm 7/10
    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    inasimilarshamelessframeofmind,bymigrationofanallegedcomplexand,tothearchaeologistoranthropologist,incomprehensiblenaturethisis
    adeception,sincethearyanisationofNorthIndiaonsoanenormousascalecouldnotpossiblyhavebeeneffectedwithoutconquestandcoercion
    forwhichthereisnotestimonyofanysort.Whythispreposterouspropositionshouldhaveacquiredthestatusofhistoricalfactamongserious
    Indologistsisformeamystery.Theremayhavebeenracistprejudiceasmanywritersaver(Shaffer1984Leach1990Frawley1991,1994
    Feuerstein1995Trautman1997Bryantchs12,13manyIndianwriterslikeTalageri2000,andIndianAmericanKak2000)thiswasperpetuatedby
    mechanicalrepetitionratherthanlogicalconsideration.RenfrewtoowasrightperhapsinseeingnothingintheRigVedademonstratingthatthe
    Indoaryanswereintrusivetothearea:thiscomesratherfromahistoricalassumptionaboutthecomingoftheIndoeuropeans(1989:182)...
    "Insharpcontrast,alltheprimarymaterialsofahistorianagreeinshowingnoevidenceatallforanyentry.Onthecontrary,suchtestimonyas
    hadbeenpreserved,earlyhistoricaldocumentationandlatertraditionstestifythatIndoaryansareindigenoustoSaptasindhu[landofsevenriversin
    NorthernIndia].Thesetraditions(corroboratedbyforeignwritersofthe4thcentBC)affirmthattheIndoaryanshavebeeninSaptasindhusinceat
    leastthe4thmillennium[BCE]thisisnowfullysupportedbyArchaeoastronomywhichplacesthegreatBharatawarat3067,aBrahmanatextc3000
    2900andtheVedangaJyotishc1800.Giventhatarchaeologists,anthropologistsetall,specializingintheprehistoryofthatarea,affirm
    unequivocallysince1980thatthelocalculturehasanuninterruptedcontinuitysincec7000(exceptforabreakintheskeletalrecordc4500),wecan
    saythattheIndoaryanshavebeeninNorthIndiasincethattime.ThereisalsothefactthattheRigVedaknowsnothingofelementsintheIndus
    SarasvatiCivilizationwhereasthelatertextshavetheseelementsmoreovereveninverylatehymnstheSarasvatiisalargeriversupportingthe
    Aryansonitsbanks:thereforetheRigVedamustbelongtoaperiodbefore3000."37
    Thisisanimportantpoint,thattheVedictextsmakenomentionofanyentryintotheregionbyoutsideinvaders,orthattheywereapartofa
    cultureofinvaders.Plus,duetotheircontent,itcanbediscernedthattheyhadtohavebeenexistingbefore3000BCE.
    IntheRigVeda(andlaterIndictexts)thereisnohintofanyinvadingAryascomingintotheSarasvatiorSaptasindhu,theareaoftheseven
    riversinNorthIndiaandPakistan.A.B.Keith38wrote,"Itiscertain...thattheRigVedaoffersnoassistanceindeterminingthemodeinwhichthe
    VedicAryansenteredIndia...thebulkatleast[oftheRigVeda]seemstohavebeencomposedratherinthecountryroundtheSarasvatiRiver."39
    TheVedictextsfurtherrefertopeoplebeingexiledordrivenawayfromtheareaofnorthernIndia,suchasintheAitareyaBrahmana(8.33.6or
    8.18)whichtellsofhowthesageVishvamitraexiledhis50disobedientsonssothat,inlaterperiods,mostofthosepeoplecalledtheDasyusare
    knownasthedescendantsofVishvamitra.Therefore,theRigVedaprovidesnoreferenceforanAryanentryordisplacementofthenatives,butpoints
    outhowAryansandDasyuswentwestwardfromtheareaofNorthernIndia.40
    Therefore,theideathattheIndoaryansmigratedintothevastareaoftheSarasvatiregion,includingthePunjab,Gujarat,Haryana,andsoon,
    backin1700to1500BCEatwhichtimethelocalnativeslearnedthecomplicatedlanguageoftheVedicAryans,afterwhichnumerousmountains,
    rivers,etc.,suddenlyhadSanskritnamesissomethingyoumightfindinafairytaleratherthanrealhistory.Thereisnorealexplanationforthisto
    havehappened[exceptthattheywereanindigenouspeople].41
    Becauseofthesefactors,therehavebeenthosewhoalwaysspokeagainsttheideaofanAryanInvasion.Vivekanandawasonesuchstrong
    opponentoftheAryanInvasionTheory.Heboldlychallengedinthisway(5:534535):"AndwhatyourEuropeanpunditssayabouttheAryans
    swoopingdownfromsomeforeignland,snatchingawaythelandsoftheaboriginesandsettlinginIndiabyexterminatingthem,isallpurenonsense,
    foolishtalk!InwhatVeda,inwhatSuktadoyoufindthattheAryanscameintoIndiafromaforeigncountry?Wheredoyougettheideathatthey
    slaughteredthewildaborigines?Whatdoyougainbytalkingsuchnonsense?StrangethatourIndianscholars,too,sayamentothemandallthese
    monstrousliesarebeingtaughttoourboys!...WhenevertheEuropeansfindanopportunity,theyexterminatetheaboriginesandsettledownwith
    easeandcomfortontheirlandsandthereforetheythinktheAryansmusthavedonethesame!...Butwhereisyourproof?Guesswork?Thenkeep
    yourfancifulideastoyourself.IstronglyprotestedagainsttheseideasattheParisCongress.IhavebeentalkingwiththeIndianandEuropean
    savantsonthesubject,andhopetoraisemanyobjectionstothistheoryindetail,whentimepermits.AndthisIsaytoyoutoourpunditsalso,You
    arelearnedmen,huntupyouroldbooksandscriptures,please,anddrawyourownconclusions."
    DayanandaSarasvati(February12,1824toSeptember26,1883),thefounderoftheAryaSamaj(1875),wasanotherwhohadstrongwords
    againstit:"NoSanskritbookorhistoryrecordsthattheAryascameherefromIran...Howthencanthewritingsofforeignersbeworthbelievinginthe
    teethofthistestimony."
    WecannotforgetAurobindowhohadvoicedhisopinionaboutthismanytimes,suchas:"TheindicationsintheVedaonwhichthistheoryofa
    recentAryaninvasionisbuiltareveryscantyinquantityanduncertaininsignificance.Thereisnoactualmentionofanysuchinvasion."42
    JimShaffer,awesternarcheologist,wasanothertostronglyprotesttheideaofanAryaninvasion.Inhisarticle,TheIndoAryanInvasions:
    CulturalMythandArchaeologicalReality,heexplainshowhethinksafterallofhisworkandresearch:"Currentarchaeologicaldatadonotsupportthe
    existenceofanIndoAryanorEuropeaninvasionintoSouthAsiaatanytimeinthepreorprotohistoricperiods.Instead,itispossibletodocument
    archaeologicallyaseriesofculturalchangesreflectingindigenousculturaldevelopmentfromprehistoricorhistoricperiods...TheIndoAryaninvasion
    asanacademicconceptin18thand19thcenturyEuropereflectedtheculturalmilieuofthatperiod.Linguisticdatawereusedtovalidatetheconcept
    thatinturnwasusedtointerpretarchaeologicalandanthropologicaldata.Whatwastheorybecameunquestionedfactthatwasusedtointerpretand
    organizeallsubsequentdata.Itistimetoendthelinguistictyrannythathasprescribedinterpretiveframeworksofpreandprotohistoriccultural
    developmentinSouthAsia."43
    Afterhavingdoneextensiveresearchintotheissueathand,NicholasKazanasexplainshowhecametohisownconclusions:"Havingheldand
    taughtformorethan18years,butwithoutinvestigating,thereceiveddoctrinethattheIndoEuropeanbranchesdispersedfromtheSouthRussianor
    PonticSteppe(asperMallory1997,1989Gimbutas1985,1970andothers),andthattheIndoAryanshadenteredSaptasindhuc1500[BCE],I
    begantoexaminethesemainstreamnotionsthoroughlyandinc1997abandonedthem.Idecidedthatnoevidenceofanykindsupportedthemon
    thecontrary,theevidenceshowedthatby1500[BCE]theIndoAryanswerewhollyindigenousandthattheelusiveIndoEuropeanhomelandwas
    veryprobablySaptasindhuandtheadjacentareatheLandofSevenRiversinwhatistodayNWIndiaandPakistanthisareacouldwellhave
    extendedasfarnorthwestastheSteppe.
    "Apartfromtherecentgeneticstudies,whichatthetimewerenotsowellknownnorsosecure,thedecisiveevidenceformenowistheantiquity
    ofSanskrit,indicatedbyitsinnercoherenceanditspreservationofapparentlyoriginalPIE[ProtoIndoEuropean]linguisticfeatures(likethedhatu,
    fivefamiliesofphonemes,etc)andculturalelements.TheVediclanguageasseenintheRValone,despitemuchobviousattritionandseveral
    innovations,haspreservedmanymorefeaturesfromtheputativePIE[ProtoIndoEuropean]languageandwiderculture.Thiswasduetoitswell
    attestedandincomparablesystemoforaltraditionwhichpreservedtheancienttextsfairlyintactandcontinuedevenintothe20thcentury.Anoral
    traditionofthiskindcannotbemaintainedbyapeopleonthemovefordecadesifnotcenturiesovermanythousandsofmiles,astheAITproproses.
    Suchatraditioncouldbepreservedonlybyasedentarypeoplewheretheoldergenerationwouldhavethenecessaryleisuretopassthecommunal
    loretotheyoungerone."44
    KazanasalsobringsuptheargumentthateveniftheVedicAryanshadbeenmaintainingtheirlanguageandliteracyduringaninvasionor
    migrationintotheSaptasindhuregion,whythenistherenomentionofitinanyoftheVedicliterature?Whywastherenomentionoftheirtravels,
    mishaps,dangersinmeetingalienpeople,etc?Thereasonissimple:theydidnotmigrate,butweretheoriginalinhabitantsofthearea.
    Theonlyreasonthathaskeptthisdefectiveanddeformeddoctrinealiveisthepersonalandpoliticalintereststhathadanagendatofulfillfor
    theirownpurposes.Therehavebeenthose,astherestillare,whohaveapurposeindemeaningandbelittlingtheIndianVedictraditionanditsearly
    history.Even,asoddasitmayseem,manyIndianscholarsalsodumbdowntheprofoundhistoryandnatureandtheearlyadvanceddevelopments
    thatcameoutofancientIndia.Hopefullytheywillstopdoingthisandactuallytakeadeepinterestandresearchintotheirownculturetoseewhatit
    reallyhadtooffer,andstilldoesoffertheworldoftoday.Whynot?Whatdotheyhavetolose?Thatisthetelltalequestion.
    Therefore,asNicholasKazanassummarizes,whichIquotebecauseIcouldnotsayitbetterthanhedoes,"LetushopethatthenoxiousAITand
    allnotionsrootedinitwillsoonerthanlaterendupintheonlyplacetheyshouldbethedustbinofhistory."45

    SCHOLARSWHOBELIEVEINTHEFALSEHISTORYOFINDIAAREADYINGBREED

    NowthatIndiahasbeenfreeforanumberofdecadesfromBritishrule,researchers,historians,andarcheologistscanallbegintotakeanew
    lookatthetruehistoryofIndia.Wecanhaveamoreunbiasedviewofthenumerousnewfindingsthatkeepcroppingupthatgiveanincreasingly
    accurateunderstandingofhowancientandhowadvancedwastheIndianVediccivilization.Nowmorethaneverthereisaseriouslackofsupport
    andopposingevidenceforthetheoriesthatweremadepopularbytheBritish,suchastheAryanInvasionTheory,orthatitwastheinvadingMuslims

    http://www.stephenknapp.com/aryan_invasion_theory_the_final_nail_in_its_coffin.htm 8/10
    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    whogaveIndiathegreatcontributionstoIndianart,music,orevenarchitecture.Withthenewerandmoreaccuratehistoricalfindings,manyofthese
    ideasarefallingapartlikeahouseofcards.
    Thesedaysthereismuchmoreevidencebeingpresentedbynewer,youngerandbolderresearchersthatshowthefalsityoftheseantiquated
    ideas.Furthermore,therearealsomorequestionsthatarenolongeransweredbytheoldbeliefsaboutIndiashistoryandtheAryanInvasionTheory.
    Thetheoriesoftheoldscholarsarebeingoverturned.
    Wealsoseethatnewstudentsofarcheologyandhistoryarehesitanttoaccepttheseideasinthefaceofthenewerfindingsandevidencethat
    keepbeingdiscovered,suchasthelatestdiscovery(January,2002)thatancientIndiancivilizationcoulddatebackto9,000yearsago.
    IhaveeventalkedtosomestudentswhoareinformedaboutthetruthofIndianhistoryandarcheologywhoconfrontedtheirprofessorsaboutthe
    outdatedinaccuraciesandovertlymisleadinginformationthattheywereteachinginschoolsanduniversities.Oneprofessoradmittedthatitwas
    wrong,butshehadtoteachitbecauseitwasinthebookthecollegewasusingandthatiswhatshehadtoteach.
    IhaveevenhadfriendsdiscusswitheducatedMuslimstheideathatmanyancientbuildingsofIndiawerenotbuiltbytheMusliminvaderswho
    havebeengiventhecredit,butwereonlycapturedthem,andtheyreadilyagreedthatanyonewhoreallyknewtheirhistorywouldadmitthiswasthe
    case.Therewasnoargumentwiththis.Indiahadthemathematics(ShulbaShastras)andarchitecturaltreatisesandabilities,alongwith
    knowledgeablecraftsmen,tohavebuiltsuchstructures,whiletheinvadingMuslimsdidnotbringsuchknowledgeandfacility.Infact,thechronicleof
    AlBiruni,whoaccompaniedMahmoudGhazni,relatesthesurpriseandaweoftheMusliminvaderstoseesuchbuildings.Thus,suchstructureshad
    tohavealreadybeeninexistence.
    Itisinterestingthatthecommonlaypersonsarequickertoseethelogicinthenewresearchfindingsandinconsideringthesenewarchitectural
    discoveriesthantheacademicscholars.Theacademicianswhoclingtosucholdideastendnottowritemorebooksjustifyingwhattheyteach,but
    seemtospendmoretimeontryingtodebunk,criticizeordiscreditthenewfindingsortheoriesthatseemmorerelevantandabletoanswerorputto
    resttheageoldquestions.Justafewofthesequestionsinclude:WhereisthepreAryanlanguagethatexistedifthepeopleofIndiawerenotpartof
    theVedicculture?WhatexistedinIndiabeforetheVedicculture,ifitwasbroughtbyinvaders?IftheVedicAryansinvadedtheIndusregionafter
    1500BCE,thenhowisitthattheVedasglorifythegreatnessoftheSarasvatiRiverwhichisknowntohavedriedupnolaterthan1800BCE?How
    didtheVedicAryansknowoftheSarasvatiRiveratall,unlesstheywerealreadythereandapartoftheadvancedVedicculturefromthousandsof
    yearsago?HowisitthatArabicandEuropeancountrieswereabletomakeadvancementsinmathematicsonlyaftertheylearnedthenumericsystem
    thatoriginatedinIndia,nowcalledtheArabicnumerals,withitsuniquesymbolofzero?Why,whenweseriouslylookatthewaytheareaofIndia,the
    MiddleEastandEuropedeveloped,itappearsthattheadvancednatureofsocietycamefromIndiaratherthanfromoutside?Whenwereadinthe
    PuranasoftheadvancedorganizationalnatureoftheVediccitiesandtheirfabulouspalacesandbuildingssuchasinDwarakaasfoundinthe
    BhagavataPurana,whyshouldwethinkthatIndiahadnoamazingstructuresbeforetheMusliminvadersenteredthecountry?Shouldwethinkthat
    ancientIndiansonlylivedinforestsandtents?Thatiswhatitseemsmanyacademicianswouldhaveusbelieve.Anyway,theseandotherquestions
    havenotandcannotbeansweredbytheoldideasonIndiashistorysuchastheAryanInvasionTheory.
    Soitisunfortunatethatmanyoftheseacademicsstillholdontotheseideasasthebasisoftheirviews.Thereasonwhysomeofthese
    academicstakethissopersonallyisthattheyhavethemosttolose.Thebasisoftheirjob,ortheirownidentity,andtheirvaluetosocietyandthe
    wholebasisofeverythingtheythoughttheyknewabouthistorybecomesthreatenedifitisprovedthatwhattheyhavebeenteachingisfalse.
    Thefactofthematteris,unfortunately,andaswecanplainlysee,muchhistoricalanalysisisbutabigegotriptheoriesandopinionsmeantto
    dolittlemorethansupportthepremiseofthesuperiorityofonecultureoveranother.Thereisaneedtotakeanewlookatreasonandcultural
    developmentwithoutthissortofinterferenceofego.
    Nowmorethaneverbeforetruthisprevailing,andthecorruptionoftheBritishandMuslimtheoriesandstoriesthathavebeenputforthto
    demeanIndiaandtheIndianraceanditsVediccultureisbeingrecognizedonanincreasingscale.Forthisreason,theacademicsthatstillclingto
    suchtheoriesastheAryaninvasionareadyingbreed.Maybethenwecanbefreefromtheirclosedmindedprejudicethatcamefromthetheories
    andattemptedvalidationsmeanttodonothingbutsupportthepremiseofthesuperiorityoftheEuropeanandCaucasianracesoverthedarker
    skinnedIndianpeople.
    Eventually,truthprevails.AndafterafewhundredyearsofideasthatwerepurposelycontrivedtodemeanthecultureandhistoryofIndia,we
    arenowlearningthatthetruthisquitedifferent,andIndiawasmoreadvancedthantheoldBritishtheoriesgiveitcredit.Andwecanseethatthese
    oldtheoriesarefallingbythewayside.
    ThethreattotheAryanInvasionTheoryiscomingasasurpriseonlytothosewhohavenotkeptupwith,oroutrightlyrejected,allthenew
    evidencethatiscontinuallybeinguncovered,andallthenewquestionsthatcannotbesubstantiatedbysuchconceptsastheAryanInvasionTheory.
    Thus,itisarevolutionthatisgoinginlikeaneedleandoutlikeaplowtoproposethattheAryanInvasionisbutafictionalaccount,andthatthe
    MuslimswhoinvadedIndiamerelycapturedthemajormonumentsofIndiawithoutreallybuildingthem.
    Astimegoeson,moreandmoreevidencewillaccumulatetoshowthetruthofIndiasVedichistory.Astheevidencemounts,theoldtheorieswill
    slipawayandanyonestillclingingtosuchideasastheAryaninvasionorthefalsehistoryofIndiasarchitecturalwonderswillonlylookfoolish.Itis
    takingsometimetorevealthistruth,butoutofalltheculturesoftheworld,itisIndiathathasbestwithstoodthetestsoftimeandremainstheoldest
    livingcultureintheworld.AndthisisnotduetoremainingdependentontheviewsofoutsiderswhothinktheyknowIndiascultureandhistorybetter
    thanIndians,orthosewhostillareinfluencedbythestoriesofIndiafrominvadersanddominatorswhodislikedorevendespisedIndiaanditspeople.
    Nowisthetimeforthoseofusconnectedwith,orwhoappreciateIndiashistoricalandVedicculturetouniteandworktorevealthetrueand
    advancednatureofIndiastimelessDharmictradition,anditsadvancements,whichwerealreadyinexistencebeforethecreditsofitswonderswere
    attemptedtobetakenbyoutsiders.

    CHAPTERNOTES
    1.G.P.Singh,FacetsofAncientIndianHistoryandCulture.
    2.DavidFrawley,TheMythoftheAryanInvasionofIndia,VoiceofIndia,NewDelhi,2002,p.43.
    3.BalRamSingh,Editor,OriginofIndianCivilization,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.15.
    4.B.B.Lal,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010.p.2324.
    5.Ibid.,p.24.
    6.MaxMuller,BiographiesofWordsandtheHomeoftheAryas,byLondon,1888,p.120.
    7.ChandrasekharendraSaraswati,TheVedas,BharatiyaVidyaBhavan,Bombay,1988,p.16.
    8.N.S.Rajaram,ThePoliticsofHistory,VoiceofIndia,NewDelhi,1995,p.xvi.
    9.B.B.Lal,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010.p.26.
    10.Kazanas,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.57.
    11.B.B.Lal,TheHomelandoftheAryans,EvidenceofRigVedicFloraandFaunaandArcheology,AryanBooksInternational,Delhi,pp.8588.
    12.N.S.Rajaram,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.16667.
    13.Ibid.,p.167.
    14.OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.17.
    15.Kazanas,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.54.
    16.Dr.DavidFrawleyandDr.NavaratnaS.Rajaram,HiddenHorizons,Unearthing10,000YearsofIndianCulture,SwaminarayanAksharpith,
    Ahmedabad,India,2006,p.6465.
    17.PrideofIndia:AGlimpseintoIndiasScientificHeritage,SamskritiBharati,NewDelhi,2006,p.7879.
    18.B.B.Lal,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.34.
    19.Dr.DavidFrawleyandDr.NavaratnaS.Rajaram,HiddenHorizons,Unearthing10,000YearsofIndianCulture,SwaminarayanAksharpith,
    Ahmedabad,India,2006,p7071)
    20.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article2151143/Climatechangewipedworldsgreatcivilisations4000yearsago.html.
    21.C.Rayachaudhuri,StudiesinIndianAntiquities,Calcutta,1958,p.134.
    22.Dr.RaviPrakashArya,NewDiscoveriesAboutVedicSarasvati,IndianFoundationforVedicScience,Rohtak,Haryana,India,2005,p.26.
    23.N.JhaandN.S.Rajaram,TheDecipheredIndusScript,AdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2000,p.162.
    24.Dr.DavidFrawleyandDr.NavaratnaS.Rajaram,HiddenHorizons,Unearthing10,000YearsofIndianCulture,SwaminarayanAksharpith,
    Ahmedabad,India,2006,p.106.
    25.B.B.Lal,HomelandoftheAryans:EvidenceofRigVedicFloraandFaunaandArchaeology,pp.8081.
    26.SirJohnMarshall,MohenjoDaroandtheIndusCivilization,Vol.II,p.654.
    http://www.stephenknapp.com/aryan_invasion_theory_the_final_nail_in_its_coffin.htm 9/10
    6/25/2016 TheAryanInvasionTheory:TheFinalNailinitsCoffin
    27.EdwinBryant,TheQuestfortheOriginsofVedicCulture,OxfordUniversityPress,2001,p.170171.
    28.B.B.Lal,Colonialism,Nationalism,Ethnicity,andArchaeology,Parts1and2,ReviewofArchaeology18,no.2:114and3547,1997,p.285.
    29.S.P.Gupta,TheIndusSarasvatiCivilization,PratibhaPrakashan,1996,p.147.
    30.N.JhaandN.S.Rajaram,TheDecipheredIndusScript,AdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2000,p.31.
    31.ChandrakantPanse,DNA,GeneticsandPopulationDynamics:DebunkingtheAryanInvasionPropaganda,ProfessorofBiotechnology,Newton,
    Massachusetts.PaperpresentedattheThirdAnnualHumanEmpowermentConferenceatHouston,Texas,September,2005.
    32.http://www.thehindu.com/2006/06/24/stories/2006062412870400.htm.
    33.N.S.Rajaram,OriginofIndianCivilization,EditedbyBalRamSingh,CenterforIndicStudies,Dartmouth,USA,2010,p.171.
    34.Ibid.,p.173.
    35.StephenOppenheimer,OutofEden:ThePeoplingoftheWorld,Constable,London,2003,p.152.
    36.StephenOppenheimer,TheRealEve:ModernMansJourneyOutofAfrica,Carroll&Graf,2003,p.152.
    37.NicholasKazanas,IndoAryanOriginsandOtherVedicIssues,AdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2009,p.623.
    38.A.B.Keith,TheAgeoftheRigveda,CambridgeHistoryofIndia,Vol.I,1922,pp.77113.
    39.NicholasKazanas,IndoAryanOriginsandOtherVedicIssues,AdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2009.p.9.
    40.NicholasKazanas,IndoAryanOriginsandOtherVedicIssues,AdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2009,p.1011.
    41.Ibid.,p.243.
    42.ShriAurobindo,TheSecretoftheVeda,ShriAurobindoAshram,Pondicherry,1971,p.24.
    43.JimShaffer,TheIndoAryanInvasions:CulturalMythandArchaeologicalReality(inThePeopleofSouthAsia,7790.Ed.JohnLukacs,Plenum
    Press,NewYork,1984,p.88.
    44.NicholasKazanas,IndoAryanOriginsandOtherVedicIssues,byAdityaPrakashan,NewDelhi,2009,p.302.
    45.Ibid.,p.328.

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