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    E.M Wave Notes

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    shashwatsaxena007
    class 12

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    E.M Wave Notes

    Uploaded by

    shashwatsaxena007
    6 views36 pages
    class 12

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    E.M Wave notes

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    class 12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views36 pages

    E.M Wave Notes

    Uploaded by

    shashwatsaxena007
    class 12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    Electromagnetic spectrum (Physics)

    The electromagnetic spectrum


    Name Frequency Wavelength Production Detection Main Properties and Uses
    range range
    (Hz)
    Radio 104 to 108 > 0.1 m Rapid Receivers Different wavelengths find
    waves acceleration aerials. specialized uses in radio
    and communication.
    deaccelerations
    of electrons in
    aerials.
    Microwaves 109 to 1012 0.1 m to Klystron valve Point contact
    (a) Radar communication.
    1mm or magnetron diodes. (b) Analysis of fine details of
    valve. molecular and atomic structure.
    (c) Since 𝜆 ≃ 3 × 10−2 m, useful for
    demonstration of all wave
    properties on macroscopic scale.
    Infrared 1011 to 1 mm to Vibration of Thermopiles (a) Useful for elucidating molecular
    5 × 1014 700 nm atoms and Bolometer structure.
    molecules. Infrared (b) Less scattered than visible light
    photographic by atmospheric particles useful for
    film. haze photography.
    Visible light 4 × 1014 to 700 nm to Electrons in Human eye (a) Detected by stimulating nerve
    7 × 1014 400 nm atoms emit Photocells endings of human retina.
    light when they Photographic (b) Can cause chemical reaction.
    move from one film.
    energy level to
    a lower energy
    level.
    Ultraviolet 1016 to 400 nm to Inner shell Photocells (a) Absorbed by glass
    1017 1 nm electrons in Photographic (b) Can cause many chemical
    atoms moving film. reactions, e.g., the tanning of the
    from one human skin.
    energy level to (c) Ionize atoms in atmosphere,
    a lower level. resulting in the ionosphere.
    X-rays 1016 to 1 nm to X-ray tubes or Photographic (a) Penetrate matter (e.g.,
    1019 10−3 nm inner shell film, Geiger radiography)
    electrons. tubes, (b) Ionize gases
    Ionization (c) Cause fluorescence
    chamber. (d) Cause photoelectric emission
    from metals.
    (e) Reflected and diffracted by
    crystals enabling ionic lattice
    spacing and 𝑁𝐴 (or wavelength) to
    be measured.
    Gamma 1018 to < 10−3 nm Radioactive Photographic Similar to X-rays.
    rays 1022 decay of the film, Geiger
    nucleus. tubes,
    lionization
    chamber.

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