Suport de curs pentru limba engleza,

Clasa aXII-a, L2
Unit 1: What a spectacle! Knowing each other

Read the conversations below:

Ken: Hello, My name's Ken. What's your name?

Jack: Jack. How are you?
Ken: I'm fine, and you?
Jack: Great. Where are you from?
Ken: I'm from Seattle.

Ken: Where is that girl from?

Jack: She's from Japan
Ken: How old is she?
Jack: She's twenty-six.

The verb TO BE

To Be - Affirmative

Subjec
To Be Examples
t
I am from New
I am
Zealand.
You are You are Chilean.
He is He is twenty years old.
She is She is a nurse.
It is It is a big dog.
We are We are intelligent.
You are You are students.
They are They are married.

To Be - Contractions

Contractions of To Be are very frequent when we are speaking.

To Be Contraction Examples
I am I'm I'm from New Zealand.
You are You're You're Chilean.
He is He's He's twenty years old.
She is She's She's a nurse.
It is It's It's a big dog.
We are We're We're intelligent.
You are You're You're students.
They
They're They're married.
are

To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb.

Subjec
To Be Examples
t
am
I I am not from Spain.
not
are
You You are not Australian.
not
He is not thirty years
He is not
old.
She is not She is not a secretary.
It is not It is not a small cat.
are
We We are not stupid.
not
are
You You are not teachers.
not
are
They They are not single.
not

To Be - Negative Contractions

There are two ways of forming contractions of To Be in negative sentences. One is with a
contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I am = I'm) OR a contraction of
the verb and not (e.g. are not = aren't)
I'm not from Spain. --- --------------*
O
You're not Australian. You aren't Australian.
R
He's not thirty years O He isn't thirty years
old. R old.
O
She's not a secretary. She isn't a secretary.
R
O
It's not a small cat. It isn't a small cat.
R
O
We're not stupid. We aren't stupid.
R
O
You're not teachers. You aren't teachers.
R
O
They're not single. They aren't single.
R

* Notice that the only possible contraction for I am not is I'm not.

To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject.

Affirmativ You are happy.

e
Subjec
Verb
t

happy
Question Are you
?
Subjec
Verb
t

The verb TO HAVE

Present Tense Past Tense

I have We have I had We had
You have You have You had You had
He has He had
She has They have She had They had
 It has It had

Present Tense Past Tense

Do I have... Do we have... Did I have... Did we have...
Do you have... Do you have... Did you have... Did you have...
Does he have... Did he have...
Does she have... Do they have... Did she have... Did they have...
Does it have... Did it have...
Negatives
Present Tense - Negative Past Tense - Negative

do / does + not + main verb did + not + main verb

I don't have We don't have I didn't have We didn't have
You don't have You don't have You didn't have You didn't have
He doesn't have He didn't have
She doesn't have They don't have She didn't have They didn't have
It doesn't It didn't have

1.a. Put in am, are, is.

1. This woman … my teacher.

2. The boy … at school.
3. They … our friends.
4. The dog … in the house.
5. You … a good singer.
6. The baby foxes … in their den.
7. I … at home between 7 and 10 in the evening.

b. Make the sentences in 1.a. interrogative and then negative.

Example: This woman is my teacher. This woman is my teacher.
Is this woman my teacher? This woman isn’t my teacher.

1. _____________________________ 1.___________________________
2. _____________________________ 2.___________________________
3. _____________________________ 3.___________________________
4. _____________________________ 4.___________________________
5. _____________________________ 5.___________________________
6. _____________________________ 6.___________________________
7. _____________________________ 7.___________________________
2. Put in am, are, is in the affirmative, negative or interrogative.

1. How tall … you?

2. Why … you here?
3. It … terribly cold outside.
4. The cups on the table … empty.
5. How old … your sisters?
6. It … so dark! Where … I?
7. There … any sandwiches for me to eat.
8. … John your friend?

The verb to have

3. Ask questions and give short answers:

Example: you/ brothers or sisters? (yes)
Have you got brothers or sisters?
Yes, I have.

they/ computers? (no)

Have they got computers?
No, they haven’t.
1. father/ a new car? (no)
_____________________
_____________________
2. they/ any pets? (yes)
_____________________
_____________________
3. Lassie/ any puppies? (yes)
_____________________
_____________________
4. you/ a dictionary? (no)
_____________________
_____________________
5. this library/ interesting books? (yes)
_____________________
_____________________
6. you/ a large house? (no)
_____________________
_____________________

4.a. Put in have or has in the affirmative, negative or interrogative.

1. … he got any friends in Romania?

2. Mike … breakfast every morning.
3. They … a lot of trouble doing their homework in Maths.
4. We always … such a good time at our friend’s birthday party!
5. … you got any money on you?

b. Translate the sentences into Romanian.

5. Ask and answer using the cues.

Example: she - two books in her bag? /no – two copybooks
Has she got two books in her bag?
No, she has got two copybooks in her bag.

1. Tom – a small room? /no – a big room

2. Your friend – a dog? /no – a parrot
3. Your teacher – a blue raincoat? /no – a green raincoat
4. Betty – many books? /no – many computer games
5. Your father – an old car? /no – a new car

6. Write about the children.

Example: Anna:
Height: 1m and 45cm Anna is 1 m and 45 cm tall.
Hair: long and dark She has long dark hair. She
Eyes: blue has blue eyes. She is calm
Character: generous and calm and generous.

Mick
Height: 1m and 40 cm _________________________
Hair: short, red and curly _________________________
Eyes: blue _________________________
Character: funny and inventive _________________________

Jane:
Height: 1m and 37 cm _________________________
Hair: blond _________________________
Eyes: green _________________________
Character: cheerful and hardworking. _________________________

Sarah:
Height: 1m and 50 cm _________________________
Hair: brown _________________________
Eyes: brown _________________________
Character: honest and serious _________________________

Ricky:
Height: 1 m and 40 cm _________________________
Hair: light brown _________________________
Eyes: blue _________________________
Character: calm and understanding _________________________

Unit 2: It takes all sorts

Read the text

Tom works at a bank. He is the manager. He starts work

every day at 8:00 am. He finishes work every day at 6:00
pm. He lives very close to the bank. He walks to work
every day. His brother and sister also work at the bank.
But, the do not live close to the bank. They drive cars to
work. They start work at 9:00 am. In the bank, Tom is the
boss. He helps all the workers and tells them what to do.
He likes his job. He is also very good at his job. Many
customers like Tom, and they say hello to him when they
come to the bank. Tom likes to talk to the customers and
make them feel happy. Tom really likes his job.
Choose the correct option for the simple present reading.

1. What time does Tom start work?

a) 8:00 am
b) 9:00 am

2. Does Tom drive a car to work?

a) Yes
b) No

3. Does Tom live close to the bank?

a) Yes
b) No

4. Does Tom talk to customers?

a) Yes
b) No
5. How does Tom feel about his job?
a) Good
b) Bad

Present simple vs Present continuous

Simple Present Present Progressive

infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing

(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')
I speak I am speaking
you speak you are speaking
he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking
we speak we are speaking
they speak they are speaking

Adverbs of Frequency
With the present simple, we often use adverbs of frequency to say 'how often' we do
something. Here's a list of common adverbs:

● always
● frequently
● generally
● hardly ever
● infrequently
● never
● normally
● occasionally
● often
● rarely
● regularly
● seldom
● sometimes
● usually

Unit 4: Where will it end?

The Simple Future Tense
(or future with will)

The simple future tense is very easy to make and is very useful.
Here's the positive form (it's just 'will' + infinitive):

● I will meet him later (I'll ..)

● You will come (you'll..)
● It will rain tomorrow (it'll)
 ● She will be late (she'll..)
● He will help us later (he'll..)
● We will get married in September (we'll)
● They will cook dinner (they'll..)

Next, here's the negative form (just add 'not' - remember will not = won't):

● I will not go (I won't ..)

● You will not be late (you won't ..)
● It will not snow tomorrow (it won't..)
● She will not get the job (she won't..)
● He will not pass the exam (he won't ..)
● We will not come (we won't..)
● They will not stop (they won't ..)

Finally, here's the question:

'yes / no' questions:

● Will I go?
● Will you come early?
● Will it be cold?
● Will she dance?
● Will he arrive soon?
● Will we cook?
● Will they leave?

'wh' questions:

● Where will I go?

● Why will you come early?
● When will it be cold?
● Who will she dance with?
● What time will he arrive?
● What will we cook?
● When will they leave?

Practice:

Exercise on Future I Simple (will)

Top of Form

Write positive sentences in will Future.

1. We (help) you.

2. I (get) you a drink.

3. I think our team (win) the match.

4. Maybe she (do) a language course in Malta.

5. I (buy) the tickets.

6. Perhaps she (do) this for you.

7. Maybe we (stay) at home.

8. She hopes that he (cook) dinner tonight.

9. I’m sure they (understand) your problem.

10. They (go / probably) to the party.

Bottom of Form

Write negative sentences in will future.

1. (I / answer / the question)

2. (she / read / the book)

3. (they / drink / beer)

4. (we / send / the postcard)

5. (Vanessa / catch / the ball)

6. (James / open / the door)

7. (we / listen / to the radio)

8. (they / eat / fish)

9. (she / give / him / the apple)

10. (the computer / crash)

Unit 5: The sporting life

The most popular sports in modern-day England are:

• Rugby
• Cricket
• Football
Significantly, football and cricket both have their roots in England and are now two of the
most popular, successful and lucrative sports in the entire world. Sports that are played on an
individual basis and feature highly in England include:
• Tennis
• Golf
• Athletics
• Motor sport
• Horse racing

Think about the following questions:

 Are you good at sport?

 Do you enjoy playing or watching sport? Why?

 Do you know anyone who makes a living out of sport?

 Which sports are most popular in your culture?

TIPS FOR A HEALTHY LIVING

Take your time, eat slower.

Try fruit instead of drinking fruit juice.

Drink more water less soda.

Listen to your body and stop when you are full.

AND TRAPS ...

Eating too quickly.

Eating when you are full.

Watching TV while eating.

Eating super size fast food.

Numbers
There are a number of ways you can say 0 in English.

When we use it For example:-

0 = oh after a decimal point 9.02 = "Nine point oh two."
Rooom 101 = "Room one oh one."
in bus or room numbers
Bus 602 = "Bus six oh two."
in phone numbers 9130472 = "Nine one three oh four seven two."
in years 1906 = "Nineteen oh six."
0 = nought before a decimal point 0.06 = "Nought point oh six."
0 = zero in temperature -10°C = "10 degrees below zero."
US English for the
0 = "Zero"
number
Chelsea 2 Manchester United 0 = "Chelsea two
0 = nil in football
Manchester United nil."
0 = love in tennis 20 - 0 = "Twenty love."

Whole Numbers also known as Cardinal Numbers - used for counting

Symbol Word Pronounce It

0 Nought 0
1 One 1
2 Two 2
3 Three 3
4 Four 4
5 Five 5
6 Six 6
7 Seven 7
8 Eight 8
9 Nine 9
10 Ten 10
More numbers

11 Eleven 11
12 Twelve 12
13 Thirteen 13
14 Fourteen 14
15 Fifteen 15
16 Sixteen 16
17 Seventeen 17
18 Eighteen 18
19 Nineteen 19
20 Twenty 20
21 Twenty-one ... 21
30 Thirty 30
40 Forty 40
50 Fifty 50
60 Sixty 60
70 Seventy 70
80 Eighty 80
90 Ninety 90
100 One hundred 100
101 One hundred and one ... 101
 102 One thousand 1,000
1,000,000 One million 1,000,000
1,000,000,000,000 One billion 1,000,000,000,000

Unit 6: The ties that bind us

School rules Modals for rules
(must/mustn’t)

Gran: Oh Kitty what’s the matter?

Kitty: Nothing!
Gran: Kitty!
Kitty: I got into trouble at school today because I took Hero to school!
Gran: You mustn’t take pets to school!
Kitty: But why?
Gran: Because it’s a rule.
Gran: Can you think of any other school rules? Things you must or mustn’t do?
Kitty: Hmm. I mustn’t eat in class, I mustn’t shout or be cheeky and I mustn’t take pets to
school!
Gran: And what about things you must do?
Kitty: We must wear our school uniform, we must do our homework and we must arrive on
time. Oh, and our teacher said
that tonight I must stay up late and I absolutely must watch a film!
Gran: Now that’s cheeky! You must go to bed early before I catch you. I’m coming after you!
Must - Have to
When do we use 'must', when do we use 'have to'?

Must and have to both express obligation.

However, they are used differently depending on who imposes the obligation.
MUST HAVE TO
The speaker thinks it is necessary. Someone else thinks it is necessary.

▪ I have to buy flowers for my

▪ I must buy flowers for my mother.
mother-in-law.
(It's her birthday and I decide to do
(It is not my decision - my husband
that.)
asked me to do it.)
▪ "You must take more exercise" says
▪ I have to take more exercise.
the doctor.
(The doctor says it is necessary.)
(The doctor thinks it is necessary.)
 ▪ I must ask my secretary to book a ▪ I have to call the travel agency.
flight for me. (My boss asked me to book a
(It is important for me not to forget.) flight.)
▪ "Dogs must be kept on a lead."
▪ I have to keep my dog on a lead.
(Written on a sign in the park = a rule
(That's what the sign tells me to
which
do.)
must be obeyed.)

N.B. In the negative form, the meaning changes.

▪ You don't have to tell George =
▪ You mustn't tell George = you can tell George if you like,
but it isn't necessary. It's your
it is important not to tell George =
decision.
don't tell George.
Practice: must or mustn’t?

1. My boss needs this report urgently. I _____________ finish it now.

2. "You _________ arrive on time every morning" said the shopkeeper to

the new trainee.

3. Julie __________ go to work on foot. The buses are on strike. .

4. Secretaries ________ answer the phone. That's part of their job.

5. "You ________ do your homework" said the teacher.

6. "We__________ invite our neighbours for dinner one day" said my

husband.

7. David ________ leave home at 7..30 a.m. in order to get to the office
at 9 a.m.

8. "I _______ hurry or I'll miss my flight!"

9. Employees ___________ attend all personnel meetings - it's written in

their contracts.

10. "I ________ call my mother - it's her birthday today."

Unit 7: I can become someone
Read the Dialogues - Can / Can't

1.
Can you play the piano?

Yes, a little. How about you?

No I can't, but I can play the guitar.

-----

2.
Can you cook?

Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that's all.

Everyone can make toast!

Well, can you cook?

Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.

Wow, that's great.

-----

3.
So what can you do?

I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean. How about
you?

I can play chess and I can write computer programs. I can also speak English and Spanish.

Excellent!

--------

Key Vocabulary
 can draw
play paint
piano Korean
can't chess
guitar write
cook computer
delicious computer program
fish Spanish
wow excellent

The modal verb can for ability

Positive Negative Form - (cannot or

Tense Question Form ? (can / can't)
Form + (can) can't)

Can you speak English?

Presen I can speak
t I can't speak Chinese.
German quite well. Can't you find the practice forum?

Can or can't become could orcouldn

Can becomes coul 't.
Cannot or can't become coul
d.
d not orcouldn't.
Could you have taken German
Past I could only speak lessons before you came here?
I couldn't speak any German
English when I was
when I came here.
a child. Couldn't you get any help with your
German when you arrived?

Can becomes to Can or can't become will be able

"be able to " Cannot or can't become will toor won't be able to.
not be able to or won't be
I will be able to able to. Will you be able to go on holiday
Future speak German this year?
fluently by the I won't be able to go on
time I leave holiday next year. Why won't you be able to go on
Germany. holiday next year?

Reading exercise
A Great Workout
(Two friends at the gym)
Janet: Wow, this gym is great! What a fantastic workout!
Susan: Yes, I like coming here very much. What other sports can you do?
Janet: Well, I can play tennis, I can do a little karate and I go windsurfing in the summer.
Susan: You're very fit! I can't do many sports. I like coming to the gym because the exercises
are easy.
Janet: Listen, I have an idea. Why don't you come to karate class with me?
Susan: No, I can't do karate...
Janet: ... but you can learn! Karate is a great sport. How about coming with me on Saturday?
Susan: well, .... OK.
Janet: Great, why don't we meet at my house at 10 in the morning?
Susan: Sure, that's a good idea. (changing subjects) By the way, what other hobbies do you
have?
Janet: I like going to the cinema, and reading a little.
Susan: Do you like cooking, or baking?
Janet: No, I can't cook. I'm a horrible cook!
Susan: Oh, I love cooking. I tell you what. Why don't I cook lunch after karate class?
Janet: Now that's a great idea!
Susan: OK, karate and lunch on Saturday. It's a date!

Practice: what can you do? Speak about yourself.