GEOGRAPHY HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

FORM -2

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES – EARTH MOVEMENTS.

1. (a) Name the two types of earth movements that occur within the earth’s

crust (2 mks )

(b) Describe the origin of the continents according to the Theory of continental Drift

(3 mks )

2. Explain what you understand by each of the

following:

(i) Earth movements.

(ii) Internal land forming processes.

(iii) External land forming processes. (6 mks )

3. Explain four evidences put forward to proof continental drift theory. (8 mks )

4. Explain plate tectonic theory. (4 mks )

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESS – FOLDING

1. (a) In your answer booklet, draw a diagram to show a simple fold and on it

mark and name,

(i) An anticline. 1 mk

(ii) A limb. 1 mk

(iii) A syncline 1 mk
 (b) Name two fold mountains in Africa. 2 mks

2. (a) Name one fold mountain in;

(i) Asia

(ii) North America

(iii) South America

(b) (i) Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting

from folding.

(ii) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the formation of an overthrust fold.

(c) Explain four effects of Fold Mountains on human activities.

(d) (i) How would students in your school prepare themselves for study

of landforms in your district,

(ii) State two advantages of studying landforms through field work.

3. Define orogenesis. 2 mks

4. What is folding? 2 mks

5. Explain the meaning of compressional boundaries. 2 mks

6. Differentiate between limb and axis in relation to folding. 4 mks 7. Differentiate

between foreland and back land. 4 mks

8. Fill in the table provided details on age, period and features formed in each named orogenies.
 Orogeny Years (age) Period Mountains/features built
Charnian 1 Pre-cambrian 2

period
Caledonian Old 440 million years ago -Akwapim Hills of Ghana

- Scottish highlands
Hercynian 3 Upper Carbon- Cape ranges

ferrous period Appalachian mountains

Ural mountains
Alpine Youngest 70 million years 4

ago
6 mks

9. Explain formation of Fold Mountains by contraction theory.

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES – FAULTING

1. a) A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were

formed as result of faulting. (2 mks )

b) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a Rift Valley is

formed by tensional forces. (8 mks )

2. The diagram below represents features produced by faulting.

Use it to answer questions that follow.

1. Name the features marked P, Q, and R

2. Differentiate between a normal faulty and a reverse fault.

3. State ways in which faulting influences drainage. (3 mks )

4. Name two examples of Horst Mountains in East Africa. (2 mks )

5. Explain two ways in which features resulting from faulting are of economic importance

(4 mks )

6. (a) (i) With aid of diagrams outline formation of rift valley by tension

theory. (5 mks )

(b) Students are planning to carry out field study of an area affected by

faulting.

(i) State four importance of having a pre-visit of the area.

(ii) Give three disadvantages of using observation to study such an area.

7. Name three types of fault. (3 mks )

8. Explain how compressional forces lead to formation of rift valley. (5 mks )

9. Give two of escarpments in East Africa. (2 mks )

10. Explain ways in which features resulting from faulting are of importance.(8 mks )

11. Describe formation of fault steps with aid of diagrams. (6 mks )

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES – VULCANICITY

1. The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by vulcanicity.

Use it to answer question (a)

a) i) Name features marked X,Y, and Z (3mks)

ii) Explain how a sill is formed (4 mks

)
(4 mks
b) Describe the characteristics of a composite volcano )
c) Explain four ways in which volcanic mountains positively influence human activities.

(8 mks )

d) Students carried a field study on volcanic rocks

i) Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during such a field

study. (4 mks )

ii) State two problems they are likely to have experienced during the field study

(4 mks )

2. (a) Differentiate between plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks

(b) Describe how lava plateau is formed

(c) (i) Name three volcanic features found in the rift valley of Kenya
 (ii) Explain four negative effects of vulcanicity in Kenya

(d) You intend to carry out a field study of a volcanic landscape

(i) State four reasons why it is necessary to conduct a reconnaissance

of the area of study.

(ii) During your field work, you intend to study volcanic rocks, state

why you would need the following items

3. Name three volcanic features found in the Rift Valley of Kenya. (3 mks )

4. Explain four negative effects of vulcanicity in Kenya. (8 mks )

5. Describe how lava plateau is formed. (5 mks )

6. Differentiate between sill and dyke. (4 mks )

7. What is vulcanicity. (2 mks )

8. Describe how Crater Lake is formed. (5 mks )

9. Describe how Mt. Kenya was formed.

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES – EARTHQUAKES.

1. (a) Name two scales used to measure the intensity of an earthquake (2 mks )

(b) Give three causes of earthquakes (3 mks )

2. The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer

question(a)
 3. Name the part marked U and V.

4. Describe the deposition of:

i. The crust

ii. The core

5. (i) What are earthquakes

(ii) Name two types of earthquakes.

(iii) State the five ways in which the earths’ crust is affected by

earthquakes. 6. You intend to carry out a field study of an area recently

affected by intense earthquake.

i. Give two sources of information that you would use in preparation for the
study.

ii. Explain two factors that would make it difficult for you to collect accurate

data during the field study.

3. (a) State three causes of earthquakes

(b) Give two effects of earthquakes in built up areas

4. State the major causes of earthquakes (2 mks )
5. Explain how intensity of earthquake is measured. (2 mks )

6. List major effects of earthquakes where they occur. (4 mks )

7. Distinguish between seismograph and seismogram (4 mks )

8. Differentiate between intensity and magnitude of earthquake (4 mks )

9. Students from your school intend to carry out a field study of an area recently affected by

intense earthquake.

(i) Give two sources of information that you would use in preparation for the

study.

(ii) Explain two factors that would make it difficult for you to collect accurate data
during

the field study.

CLIMATE.

1. (a) (i) What is climate? (2 mks )

(ii) Explain two effects of climate change on the physical environment

2. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for a town in Africa. Use it to

answer the questions that follow

Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temp 27 28 28 28 27 25 25 24 25 26 27 26

( 0C)
Rainfall 25 38 99 140 277 439 277 69 142 201 71 25

( mm)
( a) Calculate the annual range of temperature for the town (2mk)
 (b) Calculate the total annual rainfall for the town. (2 mks
)
(2 mks
(c) State two characteristics of the climate experienced in the town.
)
3. Use the map below to answer questions (a) and (b)

(a) Name:

(i) The type of climate found in the shaded area marked Q (1 mk )

(2 mks
(ii) The ocean current marked R and S )
(b) Describe the characteristics of the type of climate found in the shaded area marked T

(8 mks )

(c) Explain how the following factors influence climate

(i) Altitude (4 mks )

(ii) Distance from the sea (4 mks )

(d) (i) Describe a suitable site where you would locate a weather station

in your School(2 mks )

(ii) Give reasons why a Stevenson’s screen is:

- Painted White (2 mks )

- Has louvers (2 mks )

4. Describe the characteristics of natural vegetation associated with equatorial

climate (4 mks )
5. Give five characteristics of hot desert climate (5 mks )
6. How does the following factors influence climate?

(i) Wind/air masses.

(ii) Latitude.

7. Explain characteristics of climatic conditions experienced in the Kenyan highlands.

(8 mks )

8. Explain four ways in which mountains influence climate. (8 mks )

9. What is greenhouse effect? (2mks)

10. How do human activities influence climate change? (6 mks )

11. How does clearance of vegetation cause climate change? (3mks)

12. Define climate. (2 mks

)
(2 mks
13. What is isothermal layer? )
VEGETATION

1. The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world.

Use it to answer questions (a) to (c).

8. Name the temperate grasslands marked H, J and K.

9. Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked
N.
 10. i) Explain four ways in which the vegetation found in the area

marked M adapts to the environment conditions of the region.

11. You are required to carry out a field study of the vegetation within the local
environment:

i) A part from identifying the different types of plants, state three

other activities you will carry out during the field study.

ii) How will you identify the different types of plants?

2. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain in

Africa. Use it to answer question (a) (i) and (ii)

a) (i) Name the vegetation zones marked W, X and Y. (3 mks )

(ii) Describe the characteristics of the savanna vegetation. (6 mks )

(iii) Name the temperate grasslands found in the following countries:

• Canada (1 mk )

• Russia (1 mk )

• Australia (1 mk )
b) Explain three causes of the decline of the areas under forest in Kenya.
 (6 mks )

c) You are supposed to carry out a field study on the uses of vegetation in the area your

school.

(i) State three reasons why it would be necessary to visit the area

before the day of the study. (3 mks )

(ii) Give four uses of you are likely to identify during the study (4mks)

3. (a) What is a natural vegetation? (2 mks )

(b) State three characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation (3 mks )

4. Explain three measures that the Kenyan government has taken to reduce the

decline of natural vegetation cover. (6 mks )

5. How do the following factors influence distribution of vegetation in Kenya.

(i) Variation in rainfall

(ii) Variation of temperature

(iii) Variation of altitude/relief.

(iv) Aspect

(v) Soil

(vi) Human activities (10 mks )

6. State two reasons why mountain tops have no vegetation. (2mks)

7. Define vegetation. (2 mks )

8. Name areas where coniferous forests are found. (3 mks )

9. State characteristics of temperate grassland. (5 mks )

10. Distinguish between secondary vegetation and planted vegetation. (4 mks )
FORESTRY

1. a) i) What is forestry? (2 mks )

ii) Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests on the slopes of

Mt. Kenya. (6 mks )

iii) State five factors that have led to the reduction of the area under forest on the

slopes of Mt Kenya. (5 mks )

b) Explain four measures that the government of Kenya is taking to conserve forests in
the country. (8 mks )

c) Give the differences in the exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under

the following sub-headings;

i) Period of harvesting; (2 mks ) ii) Transportation (2 mks )

2. Explain factors favouring forestry in Canada

3. List two species of indigenous hardwood forest trees in Kenya. (2 mks )

4. Name two industries associated with forestry. (2 mks )

5. Explain three measures being undertaken to conserve forests in Kenya. (6 mks )

6. Explain four problems that are being experienced in exploitation of hardwood forests in
Kenya.

(8 mks )

7. Explain three reasons why only a small part of Kenya is forested. (6 mks )

8. Outline three consequences of forest depletion in Kenya. (3 mks )

9. State the factors favouring forestry in Kenya. (8 mks )

10. Name four secondary products of forests. (4 mks )

11. List eight major indigenous tree species in West Africa. (8 mks )

12. (a) Define agro-forestry. (1 mk )

b) Outline four benefits of agro-forestry (4 mks )