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CLUSTER EXAMINATIONS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312 - GEOGRAPHY - Paper 2 and 1
2hrs 30 min
Name:…………………………………………..Admission………..….Class……Date…………..
Signature……………………… School……………………………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) This paper has two sections. A and B.
b) Answer ALL the questions in section A. In section B answer question 6 and any other two questions.
c) All answers must be written in the booklet provided.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE’S SCORE

A 1–5 25
B 6 25
25
25
Total Score 100
For comprehensive marking schemes and more papers

contact us on 0724351706/0726960003
KENYA HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 1
Section A.
1. (a) Name two forces responsible for the spherical shape of the earth (2mks)
(b) Give three reasons why interior part of the earth is very hot (3mks)
2. (a) Name two types of earth movement (2mks)

(b) State any three causes of earth movement (3mks)
3. (a) What is natural vegetation? (2mks)

(b) Name the temperate grasslands found in the following countries: (3mk)
(i) Canada
(ii) Russia
(iii) Australia
4. (a) Differentiate between Mass Wasting and Mass Movement. (2mks)
(b) Statethree factors influencing Mass Wasting. (3 mks)
5. With the aid of a well labelled diagram, illustrate the hydrological cycle. (5mks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section
6. Study the map provided of Mumias (1:50,000) sheet 101/2 and answer the following
questions.
(a) i) What was magnetic variation when the map was prepared in 1965? (1mk)
ii) Identify threedistricts represented by the area covered by the map. (3mks)
iii) What is the altitude of the highest point in the area covered by the map?(1mk)
iv) Give two methods of showing relief that have been used on the area
Covered by the map. (2mks)
v) State two types of rivers found in the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(b) (i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(ii) Give the six figure grid reference of Buhuyi Dam. (2mks)
(c) (i) Citing evidence, give threesocialprovided by Mumias municipality.
(3mks)
(ii) Describe the vegetation distribution of the area covered by the map.(4mks)
Draw a rectangle measuring126cm by 10cm to represent the area
enclosed by easting 47 and 51 and Northing 37 and 41 (1mk)
On the rectangle show:
➢ Seasonal swamp (1mk)

➢ Dry weather road (1mk)
➢ Riverine vegetation on R.Akonyo (1mk)
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➢ Wood land (1mk)
7. a) What is folding? (1mk)

b) Study the world map below and answer the questions that follow.
i) Name the Fold Mountains found in the area marked A, B, C, D.

A- (1mk)
B- (1mk)
C- (1mk)
D- (1mk)
c) Describe the formation of Fold Mountain under the following theories
i) Contraction theory (3mks)
ii) Convectional currents theory. (3mks)
d) Explain three significance of folding to both physical and human environment.
(6mks)
e) Using diagrams describe the formation of rift valley by Tensional forces. (6mks)
f) Name two features resulting from faulting. (2mks)
8. (a) (i) Define wind abrasion. (2mks)

(ii) Name two processes of wind transportation. (2 mks)
(b) Give one difference between a rock pedestal and a mushroom block. (2 mks)
(c) (i)Explain a factor that makes wind an effective agent of erosion in arid areas.(2mks)
(ii) Give three characteristics of barchans. (3mks)
(d) Using well illustrated diagrams, explain how Mesas and Buttes form. (8mks)
(e) You are to carry out a field study in the arid north of Kenya:
(i) Mention three preparations you would make before the study. (3mks)
(ii) Mention three problems you are likely to face during the field study. (3 mks)
9. (a) (i) What are earthquakes? (2mks)
Page 2 of 3
(ii) The diagram below shows the vibration of shock waves within the crust.
Earth’s surface S Shock waves
Name the locations marked S and T. (2mks)

(iii) State four ways in which the earth’s crust is affected by earthquakes. (4mks)
(b) (i) Name any three natural causes of earthquakes. (3mks)

(ii) Discuss any three effects of earthquakes on human activities. (6mks)
(d) You intent to carry out a field study of an area recently affected by an intense earthquake.
(i) Give two sources of information that you would use in preparation for the study.
(2mks)
(ii) Give two reasons why they need a route map of the area. (2mks)
(iii) Explain two factors that would make it difficult for you to collect accurate data during
the field study. (4mks)
10. a) (i) With the help of a well labelled diagram describe the formation of the following
intrusive landforms. (8mks)
▪ Lopolith
▪ Batholith
(ii) Distinguish between vulcanicity and volcanicity. (2mks)
b) Use the diagram below to answer question (i) (ii) and (iii)
A
C
D
(i) Name the parts marked A,B ,C and D (4mks)

(ii) Identify the type of volcano represented by the diagram above. (1mk)
(iii) Explain how the above volcanic feature is formed. (4mks)
c) State foursignificance ofvulcanicity. (4mks)
d) Students from Kisumu West district carried out a field study on vulcanicity within the
District.Whattwo problems did they encounter. (2mks)
Page 3 of 3
KENYA HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 2
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• This paper has two sections. A and B.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A. In section B answer question 6 and any other
two questions.
• All answers must be written in the booklet provided.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE’S SCORE

A 1–5 25
B 6 25
25
25
Total Score 100
SECTION A
1. (a) Apart from polders, name two other reclaimed areas in the Netherlands. (2mks)
(b) Apart from irrigation, name three methods of land reclamation used in Kenya. (3mks)
2. (a) Name two forest reserves in Kenya. (2mks)
(b) State three characteristics of equatorial rain forest. (3mks)
3. (a) Name two primary sources of population data. (2mks)
(b) State three negative effects of high population to a developing country. (3mks)
4. (a) Give three factors to be considered when choosing a method of mining. (3mks)
(b) Name two examples of fossil fuels. (2mks)
5. (a) Define non-renewable energy sources. (2mks)

(b) State any two effects of charcoal burning in the environment. (3mks)
SECTION B
6. The table below shows forestry products from various countries of Africa. (1000 tonnes)
Country Production (1,000 tonnes)
DRC 450
Swaziland 170
Zambia 140
Ghana 110
Uganda 30
Tanzania 50
a) (i) Using a radius of 4cm,draw a pie chart to represent the data above. (7mks)
(ii) State any three advantages of using a pie-chart to represent data. (3mks)
b) Explain three factors that influence the distribution of soft-wood forests in Kenya.
(6mks)
c) (i) Identify three provinces in Canada with extensive soft wood forests. (3mks)
(ii) Explain three reasons why only a small part of Kenya is forested. (6mks)
7. (a) Name three types of dairy cattle kept in Kenya. (3mks)

(b) (i) State four conditions that favour dairy farming in Kenya highlands. (4mks)
(ii) Explain three problems facing dairy farmers in Kenya. (6mks)
(c) (i) State three measures the government of Kenya is taking to improve dairy
farming. (3mks)
(ii) Compare dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark. (4mks)
(d) You intend to carry out a field study in a dairy farm.
(i) Give three methods you would use to collect information. (3mks)
(ii) State two follow up activities you would carry out after the field study. (2mks)

8. (a) (i) Define land Rehabilitation (2mks)
(ii) State four benefits of land Rehabilitation in Kenya. (4mks)
(b) (i) Explain four factors that led to the successful establishment of Pekerra
irrigation scheme. (8mks)
(ii) State three problems facing Pekerra irrigation scheme (3mks)
(i) List four main crops grown in Pekerra irrigation scheme. (4mks)
(c) State four advantages of irrigation farming to the economy of Kenya (4mks)
9. (a) (i) Define the meaning of the term census. (2mks)
(ii) Give two primary sources of population data. (2mks)
(iii) What information can be derived from a population pyramid? (3mks)
(b) Describe three ways in which the population of Kenya differs from that of Sweden.
(6mks)
(c) Explain three causes of rural-rural migration in Kenya. (6mks)
(d) You intend to carry out a field study on the population within the vicinity of your school.
(i) State three preparations you would make for the study. (3mks)
(ii) State three methods you would use to record information. (3mks)
10. a) i) Identify two types of open cast mining. (2mks)
ii) Describe the stages involved in deep-shaft mining. (6mks)
b) State three negative effects of mining on the environment. (3mks)
c) Give two reasons why Kenya import her oil in crude form. (2mks)
d) Explain four ways in which mining contributes to the economy of Kenya. (8mks)
e) Explain how the following factors influence exploitation of minerals.
- Technology (2mks)
- Quality of the ore. (2mks)

ALLIANCE GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 1
Answer all questions in this section.
1. (a) What is the relationship between geography and civil engineering (2mks)
(b)State three ways in which the study of geography leads to development career (3mks)
2. a) Define the term atmosphere (2mks)
b) Outline three isothermal layers of the atmosphere (3mks)
3. a) The diagram below shows an in land drainage features in an arid area. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.
i. Name the feature shown above (1mk)

ii. Identify the parts marked L, M and N (2mks)
iii. What is an inselberg (2mks)
4. a) Name two areas in the world where ice sheet exists today. (2mks)
b) State three processes in which ice moves. (3mks)
5. a) Name three types of folds. (3mks)
b) Give two factors that influence on the landforms that form as a result of folding. (2mks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section
6. Study the map of Mumias (Sheet No. 101/2) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i. Identify three physical features found in the grid square 5941. (3 marks)
ii.Name three hygroscopic features shown in the area covered by the map. (3 marks)
ii Identify three human features found in the grid square 5540. (3marks)

iii.Identify two forms of land transport found to the north of northing 40. (2 marks)
b) i.Give the six-figure reference for the school at Mungabo. (2 marks)
ii.What is the six-figure grid reference of the air photo principal point close to Buduma School?
(2 marks)
c) i. Name two methods of representing relief used in the map. (2 marks)
ii. What is the direction of Nyapera dam from Buhuyi dam? (2 marks)
iii. What is the bearing of the school at Khaamashia from the school Ihonje?
iv. Measure the distance of river Lusimu from the junction of river Nzoia to the
bridge in kilometres and metres. (2 marks)
v. Give the length of the linear scale shown on the map (Give your answer in km). (2 marks)
d) Identify the administrative regions crossed by River Nzoia. (2 marks)
e) What is the longitudinal extend of the area covered by the map. (2 marks)
7. a) Differentiate between magma and lava (2mks)
b) The diagram below represents an extrusive volcanic feature. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
i. Identify the features above (1mk)

ii. Name the parts marked R, S, T (3mks)
c) Describe the formation of hot springs (6mks)
d) Giving examples, explain the three types of volcanoes (6mks)
e) State Seven negative effects of Vulcanicity to the environment (7mks)
8. a) i. What is a metamorphic rock? (2mks)
ii. Name two types of rocks found in the Lake Victoria region (2mks)
iii. Differentiate between plutonic and hypabyssal rocks. (2mks)
b) i. Describe any two ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed. (4mks)
ii) State three sources of sedimentary rocks (3mks)
d) Explain the following characteristics of rocks
(i) Cleavage ( 2mks)
(ii) Lustre (2mks)

(iii)Texture (2mks)
e) You carried out a field study on rocks around your school compound
i. State how you prepared for the study. (2mks)
ii. Which problems did you encounter during the study (2mks)
iii. State Two follow-up activities you engaged yourself in after the study. (2mks
9. a) i) Name two types of tides. (2 mks)
ii) .State two causes of vertical movement of ocean water (2mks)
b) i). Explain how wave erosion by compressed air action takes place (3mks)
ii). Using well labelled diagrams, explain the formation of a cliff. (6mks)
c) i) Give Three conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (3mks)
ii) With an aid of a well labelled diagram, explain the formation of a bay bar (5mks)
d) Students from Kala School, went for a field study on coastal features along the Kenyan coast.
i) State two methods they used to collect data. (2mks)
ii) Give two economic benefits of coral rocks they identified. (2mks)
10. a) i. Define soil Catena. (2mks)
ii. Give three types of soil degeneration. (3mks)
b) Differentiate between mineralization and humification in soil formation. (2mks)
c) The diagram below represents a well-developed soil profile. Use it to answer questions i, ii and iii below
i) Name the parts marked W, X, Y and Z. (4mks)

ii) Explain how the following factors may have influenced the formation of the soil above:
• Parent rock (4mks)
• Time (2mks)
iii) Give four ways in which humus contributes to the quality of soils. (4mks)
d). State four negative effects of soil erosion. (4mks)

ALLIANCE GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 2
SECTION A:
Answer ALL questions in this section
1a) Identify two ways in which Geography is related to demography. (2mks)
b) State three significance of studying Geography. (3mks)
2a) What is a forest? (2mks)
b) Give three reasons why the Kenyan government is encouraging afforestation Programme. (3mks)
3a) Apart from the sun, name two other renewable sources of electricity. (2mks)
b) Give three disadvantages of using solar energy. (3mks)
4. Use the map of the Ruhr Industrial Zone below to answer question that follow.
R. Rhine
Rheine Herne Canal

M
N
R. Ruhr
K
a) i) Identify and name:
• The town marked M (1mk)
• The river marked K (1mk)
b) State three physical factors that influenced the location of the iron and steel industry in the Ruhr Region of
Germany (3mks)
5. a) Define the term regional trade (2mks)
b) State three challenges facing Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
(3mks)
SECTION B: (75 MARKS)
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.
6. The table below shows agricultural crops produced in Kenya in the year 2015 to 2018. Use it to answer
question (a).
1
Crops Amount in metric tonnes
2015 2016 2017 2018
Tea 240,000 314,000 399,000 405,000
Coffee 98,000 54,000 42,000 55,000
Wheat 70,000 37,000 54,000 66,000
a) i) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 50,000 metric tonnes, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data
above. (8mks)
ii) State two disadvantages of using comparative bar graphs to present data (2mks)
b) Explain three physical conditions that favour tea growing in the Kenyan highlands (6mks)
c) i) Describe the stages involved in the processing of tea from processing to marketing (6mks)
ii) State three problems facing small scale tea farmers in Kenya. (3mks)
7. a) i) Name three ways in which minerals occur within the Earth’s crust. (3mks)
ii) Identify the main minerals mined in the following areas of East Africa.
• Mwadui. (1mk)
• Kariandusi. (1mk)
• Bamburi. (1mk)
b) i) Apart from shaft method of mining give two types of underground mining. (2mks)
ii) Describe the deep shaft method of mining. (6mks)
c) Give three reasons why Kenya imports her oil in crude form (3mks)
d) Explain four ways in which mining contributes to the economy of Kenya. (8mks)
8a) i) Define dairy farming (2mks)
ii) Name three exotic dairy breeds reared in Kenya. (3mks)
b) Explain three reasons why dairy farming is least developed in Northern Kenya. (6mks)
c) Compare dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark under the following sub-headings:
• Breeds (2mks)
• Processing of milk (2mks)
d) Explain three measures the government of Kenya has undertaken to improve small dairy farming
(6mks)
e) Give four benefits of dairy farming to the economy of Denmark. (4mks)
9 a) i) Apart from draining swamps, name three other methods used to reclaim land in Kenya (3mks)
ii) Identify two examples of swampy areas that have been reclaimed in Kenya. (2mks)
b) Give four physical factors that influenced the location of Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme.
(4mks)
2
c) i) List three crops grown in the Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme. (4mks)
ii) State four problems experienced by farmers in Mwea-Tebere irrigation schemes. (4mks)
d) Explain four differences between land reclamation in Kenya and Netherlands. (8mks)
10. a) i) What is a sanctuary. (2mks)

ii) The map below shows the major game reserves and national parks in East Africa.
Name the;
• National Parks marked H, J and K. (3mks)
• Game reserve marked L. (1mk)
b) Explain how the following factors affect wildlife industry in Kenya.
i) Poaching. (2mks)
ii) Drought. (2mks)
c) i) Give four factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya. (4mks)
ii) State three benefits of ecotourism in Kenya. (3mks)
d) Explain four similarities between tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. (8mks)
3
MANGU HIGH SCHOOL
Paper 1
SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section
1aDefine the term environment 2mks

b. Name two divisions of physical geography 3mks
2.a Give the forces responsible for the spherical shape of the earth 2mks
b. State reasons why the interior of the earth is still hot 3mks
3 a.highlight the characteristics of the troposphere 2mks

b.state the factors that influence the amount of sunshine received on the earths surface 3mks
4 a what is zero lapse rate 2mks

b. give the main zones of the atmosphere 3mks
5a.Give two types of igneous rocks 2mks

b.State any 3 uses of rocks 3mks
SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO IN THIS SECTION
6. Study the map of MUMIAS provided and answer the following questions
a. i .What is the magnetic variation of the map 2mks

ii. Name the tittle of the map 2mks
iii.Give any 4 types of natural vegetation found in the area covered by the map 4mks
b.Citting evidence from the map give any 2 economic activities taking place in the area covered by
the map 4mks
d. citing evidence from the area covered by the map,give any 3 functions of Mumias town 6mks
e.Describe the Drainage of the area covered by the map 7mks

7a.i.Define a lake 2mks
ii. State reasons why some lakes are salty 4mks
b.Explain the formation of a lake by faulting 6mks
c.Explain any 4 negative effects of human activitie on lakes 8mks
D. Identify the significance of lakes 5mks
1|Page

8 a.Differentiate between magma and lava. 2mks
.The diagram below shows some festures of vulcanicity
i Identify the features marked C,D and E 3mks
(ii) Give three examples of the feature marked F in Kenya. 3mks

b.Describe how a lava plateau is formed 7mks
c.Explain the positive significance of vulcanicity to man 10mks

9.a What is weathering 2mks
b.Explain how the following factors affect weathering 6mks
i Nature of parent rock
ii.plants
iii.rock texture
c.Describe how exfoliation process occurs 7mks
d. suppose you are to carry a field study on weathering
i state three objectives you would formulate for the study 3mks
ii.Give three methods you would use to record data 3mks
iii.identify any problems you are likely to face during the field study 4mks+
10.a i What is glaciation 2mks
Ii Describe the formation of glacier 7mks

b.Explain 3 types of moraine 6mks
c. Explain any 3 conditions that lead to glacial deposition 6mks
d. identify 4 positive significance of glaciation 4mks
2|Page

MANGU HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 2
1a. Define forestry 2mks
b.Give 3 factors that determine the type and distribution of forests 3mks
2 a.Name two rivers that supply water to mwea Tebere irrigation scheme 2mks
b. State the significance of an irrigation scheme 3mks
3 a .Define the term fishing 2mks

b.State any 3 factors influencing fishing 3mks
4 a. What is a game sanctuary 2mks

b. Name three marine national park at the coast of kenya 3mks
5 a. What is land dereliction 2mks

b. State 3 measures that the kenya government has undertaken to rehabilitate derelict land in the
country. 3mks
SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION
6. The table below shows the production of maize in tones between 2010 and 2014 in four
divisions of Baringo County.
Division 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Bartabwa 200 240 250 280 285
Barwesa 116 135 138 170 275
Kabartonjo 100 80 60 50 45
kipsaraman 40 30 45 30 25
(a)(i) Calculate the percentage increase of the total maize production in the four divisions
between 2012-2013. 2mks
(ii) What is the difference in kilograms between the highest production and the lowest in five
years. 2mks
(b)(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 50 tonnes, draw a group line graph to represent
the data above. 7mks
ii) state three advantages of using group line graph. 3mks
(c) State three climatic conditions favoring the growing of maize. 3mk
(d) Explain four problems facing small scale maize farmers in Kenya. 8mks
7. a I what are derived forests 2mks

ii state the characteristics of planted forests 4mks
b..Explain 4 the similarities between soft wood forests in kenya and Canada 8mks
c .Explain 4 preblems facing forestry in both kenya and canada 8mks

d.state measures taken by the government of kenya to conserve forests 3mks
8. The map below shows the location of some minerals in East Africa.
a.Name the minerals mined in the areas marked K,L,Y. and Z. 4mks
(i) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of petroleum. 2mks
(ii) List three ways in which open cast mining affects the environment. 3mks
(b) (i) Give two uses of diamond. 2mks
(ii) Explain three ways in which mining promotes industrialization in Kenya. 6mks
(c)Apart from industrialization, explain four ways in which mining contributes to the economy of
Kenya. 8mks
9. a.Define industrial inertia 2mks
b. Explain 5 importance of industrialization to the economy of the country 10mks
C.Explain any 4 negaive effects of industrialization 8mks

d Your class intends to have a field study in one of the industries,outline ways in which you will
prepare for the study 5mks
10. a i. Define Agriculture 2mks
ii. Give the characteristics of dairy farming 5mks.
iii. state the advantages of mixed farming 3mks
b. Explan how the following factors influence Agriculture 8mks
i. Variation inTemperature
ii. Sunshine
iii. Winds
iv. Variation in rainfall
b. Describe the cultivaton of cocoa .7mks

MARANDA SCHOOL
Paper 1
SECTION A
1. (a) What is a natural satellite? (2 marks)
(b) State three characteristics of planets. (3 marks).
2. The diagram below shows one of the weather measuring instruments.
(a) (i) Give the weather element measured using the above instrument. (1 mark)
(ii) Name the parts marked A and B. (2 marks)
(b) State three factors considered when siting a weather station. (3 marks)
3. (a) Name two fault scarps in Kenya. (2 marks)
(b) Give two causes of earth movements. (2 marks)
4. (a) Identify two features formed by underground water. (2 marks)
(b) State three conditions that encourage development of karst scenery. (3 marks)
5. (a) Differentiate between an ice sheet and an iceberg. (2 marks)
(b) Give three features formed by glacial erosion in lowlands. (3 marks)
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1
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SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section.
6. Study the map of Mumias 1:50,000 (sheet 101/2) provided and answer the following questions.
(a) (i) Name two map sheets to the north of Mumias. (2 marks)
(ii) Give six-figure grid reference of Khamashia school in the eastern side. (2 marks)
(iii) Measure the length of the road C532 from the junction with road C533 to Musanda. Give
your answer in kilometres. (2 marks)
(b) (i) Give two methods that have used to represent relief in the area covered by the map.
(2 marks)
(ii) Identify three human made features in grid square 5037. (3 marks)
(c) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (4 marks)
(d) (i) Draw a rectangle 20 cm by 16 cm to represent the area enclosed by eastings 46 and 50 and
northings 41 and 44. (1 mark)
(ii) In the rectangle, mark and name the following;
• Woodland vegetation (1 mark)
• Bumala dam (1 mark)
• Papyrus swamp (1 mark)
(iii) Calculate the new scale of your map. (2 marks)
(e) Citing evidence from the map, identify economic activities carried out in Mumias. (4 marks)
7. (a) (i) Give two examples of non-metallic minerals. (2 marks)
(ii) Identify two ways in which rocks can be classified. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how the following rocks are formed.
(i) Hypabyssal rocks (4 marks)
(ii) Mechanically formed sedimentary rocks (4 marks)
(c) (i) Outline the changes that occur when rocks undergo metamorphism. (4 marks)
2
(ii) State three characteristics of volcanic rocks. (3 marks)
(d) Explain three significances of rocks to the economy of Kenya. (6 marks)
8. (a) (i) What is derived vegetation? (2 marks)
(ii) Explain how the following factors influence the distribution of vegetation.
• Relief (4 marks)
• Wind (4 marks)
(b) The map below shows the distribution of major vegetation regions of the world.
(i) Identify the vegetation regions marked P and R. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain how the vegetation in the region Q is adopted to the environment. (8 marks)
(c) State five uses of forests. (5 marks)
9. (a) Identify three types of river erosion. (3 marks)
(b) (i) A part from waterfalls, give two other features of river erosion. (2 marks)
(ii) State four ways through which waterfalls are formed. (4 marks)
(c) With the aid of diagrams, describe how an ox-bow lake is formed. (8 marks)
(d) (i) What is river rejuvenation? (2 marks)
(ii) Explain three causes of river rejuvenation. (6 marks)
10. (a) (i) Define the term ocean. (2 marks)
3
(ii) Name three main oceans on the earth’s surface. (3 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows ocean topography. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the parts marked E, F and G. (3 marks)
(ii) State three characteristics of continental shelf. (3 marks)
(c) (i) Give two factors that determine the rate of wave erosion. (2 marks)
(ii) Describe how a wave-cut platform is formed. (7 marks)
(d) Members of your class are planning to carry out a field study on a submerged highland coast.
(i) Give two types of submerged highland coasts you’re likely to visit.
(2 marks)
(ii) State three reasons why you would need a working schedule. (3 marks)
4
MARANDA SCHOOL
Paper 2
Section A: Answer All Questions in This Section
1.(a) What is Human Environment? (2Marks)
(b) Identify areas of study under the Human Environment. (3 Marks)
2(a) Give two reasons why pastoralists keep large herds of animals. (2 Marks)
b) Give three ways in which the government of Kenya assist nomadic pastoralists (3 Marks)
3(a) What is a polder? (2 Marks)
(b) State three ways of land reclamation. (3 Marks)
4(a) State three problems facing crop farming in Kenya. (3 Marks)
(b) Outline two problems facing coffee farming in Kenya (2 Marks
5. (a) A photograph is divided into three main parts. Name them. (3 Marks)
(b) State two limitations of using photographs. (2 Marks)
SECTION B: Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section
6. The table below shows the prices of sugar in Kenya shillings per ton in some countries in
Africa. Use it to answer questions
YEAR KENYA UGANDA TANZANIA ZAMBIA
2014 93,400 61,923 67,102 84,556
2015 109,224 67,624 65,785 93,768
2016 110,897 65,170 90,647 86,236
a) (i) Draw a divided rectangle 16cm long to represent the prices of sugar in the year 2016
(8Marks)
(ii) State two advantages of using divide rectangle to present statistical data (2Marks)
(b) Give three physical factors that influence the growing of sugar cane in Kenya (3 Marks)
(c). Describe the stages involved in processing of sugarcane at the factory (7Marks)
d). State five challenges facing sugar farming in Kenya (5 Marks)
7(a) (i) Distinguish between a forest and forestry. (2Marks)

(ii) Name two indigenous softwood trees species found in Kenya (2Marks)
(b)(i) Mention 3 characteristics of planted forests. (3Marks)

(ii) Name two forest reserves in West of the Rift valley of Kenya (2 Marks)
b) (i) State four characteristics of temperate hardwood forests. (4Marks)
(ii) Explain any three problems which have limited exploitation of tropical hardwood forests in
Africa (6Marks)
c) Give the difference between exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the
following headings:
i) Trees species (2Marks)
(ii) Mode of exploitation (2Marks)
(iii) Marketing of products (2Marks)
8.a) Define the term mineral (2Marks)
b) i) Name two areas in South Africa where diamond is mined (2Marks)
ii) Give four ways in which minerals occur (4Marks)
c) i) Explain Three negative effects of mining on the environment (6Marks)
ii) Identify any two main methods of mining (2Marks)
iii) Name a port through which minerals in East Africa are exported (I Mark)
d) Explain four ways in which soda ash contributes to the economy of Kenya) (8Marks)
9. (a) i) Name three exotic breeds of beef cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya.
(3Marks)
(ii). Explain three problems facing commercial beef farming in Kenya. (6 Marks)
(b). State four physical factors that favour dairy farming in the Kenya highlands (4Marks)
(c) i) Apart from fresh milk name four other dairy products (4 Marks)
(ii) Explain four ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy
farming in Denmark. (8Marks)
2
10. (a) The diagram below shows a fishing ground in the Pacific Ocean.
(i) Identify the fishing ground shown above. (2 Marks)

(ii) Name two types of fish species found in the fishing ground above. (2 Marks)
(b) (i) Differentiate between fishing and fisheries. (2 Marks)
(ii) Name two inland types of fisheries in Kenya. (2 Marks)
(c) (i) Describe the long lining fishing method. (4 Marks)
(ii) Explain three physical factors that have influenced the development of fishing in
Japan. (6 Marks)
(d) (i) State four problems that face Marine fishing in Kenya. (4 Marks)
(ii) Give three ways of conserving fresh water fisheries in Kenya. (3 Marks)
3
MASENO SCHOOL
PAPER 1
SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section
1. (a) What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? (2 marks)

(b) Identify three branches of Geography (3 marks)
2. (a) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.
(i) What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram? (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how the above eclipse occurs. (2 marks)
(b) What is the time at Malindi on 40° E, when the time at Accra on Longitude 0° is
12.00 noon? (3 marks)
3. (a) Apart from fold mountains, name three other features resulting from folding. (3
marks)
(b) State two factors that determine the folding of crustal rocks. (2 marks)
4. (a) Give three reasons why some lakes in Kenya have saline water. (3 marks)
(b) Outline two economic uses of lakes. (2 marks)

5. (a) What is natural vegetation? (2 marks)
(b) State three characteristics of the Mediterranean type of vegetation. (3 marks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Mumias 1:50,000 (Sheet 101/2) provided and answer the following
questions.
(a)(i) Identify two types of scales that have been used in the map extract. (2 marks)
(ii) What was the magnetic declination of Mumias as at January 1965? (2mks)
(iii)Name three districts covered by the map of Mumias. (2mks)
(iv)Measure the length of the dry weather road from the junction at grid reference 6028
up to the bridge at grid reference 6434. Give your answer in KM (2mks)
(b) (i) Reduce by two, the area to the East of Easting 50 and enclosed by Northing 30 to
40.(2 marks)
On it mark and name;
• River Nzoia (1mk)

• All weather road loose surface (1mk)
• District boundary (1mk)
• Seasonal swamp (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the scale of the reduced area (2mks)
(c) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5 marks)
(d) Citing evidence from the map, identify two economic activities carried out in the
area covered by the map. (4mks)
7. (a) (i) Define the term rock. (2mks)
(ii) Describe the following characteristics of minerals;
• Tenacity (2mks)
• Lustre (2mks)
• Cleavage (2 marks)
(b) (i) Name two examples of extrusive igneous rocks. (2mks)
(ii) Describe the formation of Plutonic rocks. (4mks)
(c) Explain three significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya. (6 marks)

(d) Your class is planning to carry out a fieldwork on rocks around your school.
(i) Outline two activities you would engage in before the study. (2 marks)
(ii) State three challenges you are likely to face during the field study. (3 marks)
8. (a) (i) Outline any two types of river erosion. (2 marks)
(ii) State three factors that influence river erosion. (3 marks)
(b) Describe how the river erodes through the following processes.
(i) Hydraulic action. (4 marks)
(ii)Solution (2 marks)
(c) Describe how the following features are formed.

(i) Interlocking spurs. (4 marks)
(ii) Natural levees. (4 marks)
(d)Explain three negative effects of rivers to the human environment. (6 marks)
9. (a) (i) Differentiate between Vulcanicity and Volcanicity. (2 marks)
(ii) Describe how a lava plateau is formed. (4 marks)

(b) The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by vulcanicity.
Use it to answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the features marked E, F and G. (3 marks)

(ii) Explain how the feature marked E is formed. (4 marks)
(c ) Students carried out a field study on volcanic rocks.

(i) Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during such a
field study. (4 marks)
(ii) Outline four follow up activities the learners would be engaged in afte the
field study. (4 marks)
(d)Give four causes of earth quakes. (4 marks)
10. (a) (i) What is a soil catena? (2 marks)
(ii) Give three factors that determine the colour of soil. (3 marks)
(iii)State three ways in which mulching helps in soil conservation. (3 marks)
(b) Explain how the following farming practices causes soil erosion.
(i) Burning (4 marks)
(ii) Over cultivation (4 marks)

(c ) Give two economic uses of soil (2 marks)
(d) You are supposed to carry out a field study of an eroded area.
(i) State three methods you would use to control soil erosion. (3 marks)
(ii) Give two disadvantages of using secondary sources of collecting data in this kind of
study. (2 marks)
(iii)Identify two methods you would use to record the observations. (2 marks)
MASENO SCHOOL
PAPER 2
SECTION A: (25MARKS):
Answer ALL questions in this section:
1. (a) Define the term Geography. (2mks)
(b) Name three divisions of human and economic geography. (3mks)
2. (a) Name two forest reserves in Kenya. (2mks)
(b) State three characteristics of equatorial rain forest. (3mks)
3. (a) State three physical conditions that favour large scale sugarcane growing in Kenya. (3mks)
(b) Name two areas where sugarcane is grown in large scale in Kenya. (2mks)
4. (a) Name two underground methods of mining. (2mks)
(b) Name three ways in which derelict land can be rehabilitated. (3mks)
5. (a) Define eco-tourism (2mks)
(b) State three measures being taken in Kenya to promote domestic tourism. (3mks)
SECTION B: (75 MARKS):

Answer question 6(compulsory) and any other two.
6. The table below shows the various modes of transport used by tourists visiting Kenya between the years
2006 and 2009. Use it to answer the following questions;
Mode of 2006 2007 2008 2009

transport/year
Road 100,000 50,000 150,000 200,000
Air 600,000 650,000 700,000 800,000
water 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000
(a) (i) State two reasons why tourists preferred air transport over the other modes of transport over the
period. (2mks)
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the number of tourist between the year 2008 and
2009. (3mks)

(iii) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100,000 tourists, draw a compound bar graph to represent the
number of tourists who visited Kenya using the different modes of transport.
(9mks)
(b) (i) Explain three roles played by transport in the economy of Kenya. (6mks)
(ii) Name one highway created in Africa to ease transport across the continent. (1mk)
(c) Four form students from St. Christopher’s secondary School visited Kisumu Airport for a field
study.
(i) Identify two methods they used to record their data. (2mks)
(ii) Give two follow up activities they engaged in after the visit; (2mks)
7. (a) (i) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. (2mks)
(ii)Give three ways in which the government is trying to rehabilitate overgrazed lands in Kenya (3mks)
(b) Explain three conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya. (6mks)
(c)(i) Name three polders that make up the Zuyder Zee reclamation project in the
Netherlands. (3mks)
(ii)Describe the stages of reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherland. (6mks)
(d)Your school intends to carry out a field study in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme.
i. Identify the two types of hypothesis you would develop for the study.(2mks)
ii. Give three reasons why you would need to sample the area of study.(3mks)
8. (a)(i)What is fossil fuel? (2mks)
(ii)List two fossil fuels that have recently been discovered in Kenya (2mks)
(iii)State three formations in which mineral ores occur. (3mks)
(b) Explain how the following factors influence mining.
(i) Value of minerals. (2mks)
(ii)Transport (2mks)
(c) (i) Describe how solution mining method is carried out; (5mks)
(i) Give three negative effects of mining to the environment. (3mks)
(d) (i)Name two areas where diamond is mined in South Africa. (2mks)
2
(ii)Describe how diamond is processed. (4mks)
9. (a)(i) Name three trees species found in the soft wood forest of Canada. (3mks)
(ii)State three physical factors that favour the growth of soft wood forest in Canada. (3mks)
(b) State four characteristics of softwood forest in Canada. (4mks)
(c) Give three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programs in Kenyan forests.
(3mks)
(e) State the difference between softwood forest in Canada and Kenya under the following subheadings.
(6mks)
(i) Tree species
(ii) Harvesting
(iii) Mode of transport of logs
(e) Explain three significance of forests in Kenya to human activities. (6mks)
10. (a)(i) Name two types of fishing. (2mks)
(ii) State three reasons why marine fisheries are under developed in Kenya. (3mks)
(iii) Identify four solutions to the problems facing the fishing industry in Kenya. (4mks)
(b) (i) Give two modern methods of fish preservation. (2mks)
(ii)Describe the basket method of fishing. (5mks)
(c)(i) Name three countries in the North West Atlantic fishing ground. (3mks)
(ii)Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following topics:

a) Continental Shelf (2mks)
b) Coastline (2mks)
c) Ocean Currents (2mks)
3
ALLIANCE BOYS HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 1 SECTION A (25marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. (a) What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? (2marks)
(b) State three reasons why it is important to study geography. (3marks)
2. (a) Name two layers of discontinuity that are part of the internal structure of the earth.
(2marks)
(b) State three characteristics of the mantle. (3marks)
3. State four factors that influence mass wasting. (4marks)
4. (a) Explain two reasons why wind is a dominant agent of erosion in arid areas.
(4marks)
(b) Identify two features that result from water action in arid areas. (2marks)
5. (a) Name two types of boundaries according to plate tectonic theory. (2marks)
(b) Give three effects of movement of tectonic plates. (3marks)
SECTION B (75marks)
Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section
Study the map of Mumias(1:50,000) sheet 101/2 provided and answer the following questions.
6. (a)(i) Give the magnetic variation of the area covered by the map. (2marks)
(ii) Give two scales used on the map extract. (2marks)
(iii) Measure the distance of the Dry-weather road to Musanda from the bridge in grid
square 6434. Give you answer in Kilometers. (2marks)
(b) (i) Name two districts covered by the map. (2marks)
(ii) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (6marks)
(c) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 40Metres, draw a cross-section along
Northing 40 from Easting 51 to Easting 59. (4marks)
(ii) On the cross-section mark and label: (3marks)
 Riverine tress
 River Lari
 All-weather road –Loose surface
(d) Citing evidence from the map, give two social services offered in the area covered by the
map. (4marks)

3
7. (a)(i) Define the term folding. (2marks)
(ii) State three factors that determine the folding of rocks. (3marks)
(b) Name the countries where the following young fold mountains are found.
(i) Andes (1mark)
(ii) Rockies (1mark)
(iii) Alps (1mark)
(iv) Himalayas. (1mark)
(c) (i) With the aid of diagrams, describe the formation of fold mountains. (8marks)
(ii) Explain four effects of Fold Mountains to human activities. (8marks)
8. (a)(i) Name two sources of rivers. (2marks)
(ii) The diagram below shows the three stages of the long profile of a river.
Give two features formed by the rivers in each of the three stages. (6marks)
(b) Describe the processes by which a river transports its load (6marks)
(c) Describe each of the following drainage patterns.
(i) Dendritic pattern (3marks)
(ii) Trellis pattern. (3marks)
(d) You are required to carry out a filed study on the materials deposited by a river.
4
(i) State two methods you would use to collect data. (2marks)
(ii) State three advantages of studying the work of rivers through fieldwork.
(3marks)
9. (a)(i) Give three sources of underground water. (2marks)
(ii) State three ways through which a spring can be formed. (3marks)
(b) Explain three reasons why Karst region has few settlements. (6marks)
(c) Describe how the following features in limestone areas are formed.
(i) Grike and Clint (4marks)
(ii) Uvala (5marks)
(iii) Stalagmite (5marks)
10. (a) Name two types of submerge coasts (2marks)
(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion
along a coast
(i) Nature of the material transported by waves (4marks)
(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (4marks)
(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is
Formed (5marks)
(d) You are planning to carry out a field study on the depositional features along
the coast of Kenya
(i) State five objectives you would formulate for your study (5marks)
(ii) Give five methods you would use to record the information collected (5marks)
ALLIANCE BOYS HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER 2 SECTION A
1.a)Distinguish between forest and forestry (2mks)
(b) Identify three activities that may be undertaken in your school to conservetress (3mks)
2.a)State two benefits of ecotourism. (2mks
(b)Give three reasons why domestic tourism should be encouraged in Kenya. (3mks)
3.a)Name two non- food agriculture industries in Thika. (2mks).
(b)State three characteristics of Jua Kali industry in Kenya. (3mks)
4.a)Define nomadic pastoralism. (2mks)
(b)Give three breeds of beef cattle reared in Kenya. (3mks)
5.a)List two social factors that influence that influence agriculture in Kenya (3mks)
(b)State three physical factors that influence flower farming around Lake Naivasha. (3mks)
.
SECTION B
Answer question six and any two questions from this section
6)The table below shows four principle crops produced in Kenya in 2000and 2001.Use it to answer
Questions a and b.
Crop AMOUNT IN METRIC TONS

2000 2001
Wheat 70,000 130,000
Maize 200,000 370,000
Coffee 98,000 55,000
Tea 240,000 295,000
TOTAL 608,000 850,000
(a)(i) Which crop had the highest change in production between 2000 and 2001. (2mks)
(ii)Calculate the percentage increase in crop production in Kenya between 2000 and 2001. (2mks)
(b)Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100,000metric tons, draw compound bar graphs to represent data
On the table above. (7mks)
(c)(i) What is dairy farming? (2mks)
(ii)Name two exotic dairy breeds of cattle reared in Kenya. (2mks)
(iii)Explain the problems facing dairy cattle farming in Kenya. (4mks)
(d)Explain why dairy farming is highly developed in Denmark than Kenya. (6mks)
7.a)(i)What is mining? (2mks)
(ii)Give three formations in which minerals exist in the earth’s crust. (3mks)
(b)Describe how the open cast mining is carried out. (4mks)
(c)Explain four significance of gold mining to the economy of South Africa. (8mks)
(d)Explain four problems facing the mining industry in Kenya. (8mks)
8.(a)(i) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. (2mks)
(ii) State three methods of land reclamation in Kenya. (3mks)
(b)(i)State four physical factors that influence the location of Mwea Tabera irrigation scheme (4mks)
(ii) Explain four problems facing Mwea Tabera irrigation scheme. (8mks)
(c)(i)Name two major land reclamation projects that were undertaken in Netherlands. (2mks)
(ii)Give three differences between land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands (6mks)
9.(a) Define international trade. (2mks)
(b)Name three major visible imports from Europe to Kenya. (3mks)
(c) State four factors that influence external trade in Kenya. (4mks)
(d)Explain four measures which Kenya may take to reduce the unfavorable balance of trade. (8mks)
(e) Form four students are set to carry out a field study in one of the major towns around the school.
(i)List any three forms of internal trade they are likely to identify. (3mks)
(ii)What could be the advantage of using observation as a method of data collection? (3mks)
(iii) State two reasons for studying internal trade through fieldwork. (2mks)
10.a)The map below shows hydroelectric power projects in Africa. Use it to answer questions that
follow
(i)Name the power projects marked A,B and C. (3mks)

(ii)Identify four main hydro-electric stations along the river E (4mks)
b(i) Apart from providing electric power state four benefits of the dams along River Tana (4mks)
(ii) Explain four physical factors that favors HEP generation on river Tana. (8mks)
(c) Explain three ways in which energy contributes to the growth of the economy. (6mks).
Paper 1
GEOGRAPHY
SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. (a) State three reasons why it is important to study Geography. (3 marks)
(b) What is the relationship between Geography and Agriculture? (2 marks)
2. (a) What is weather forecasting? (2 marks)
(b) List three elements of weather. (3 marks)
3. Study the diagram below and use it to answer questions (a) and (b) below:
(a) Identify the feature marked X. (1 mark)
(b) Describe how the feature is formed. (4 marks)
4. (a) What is karst landscape? (2 marks)
(b) State three factors that influence the occurrence of underground water. (3 marks)
5. The diagram below shows lowland glaciated features. Study the diagram and answer
questions (a) and (b).
@ 2024 Page 1
(a) What is an outwash plain? (2 marks)
(b) Name the features marked U, V and W. (3 marks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.
6. Study the map of Nyeri 1:50000 (sheet 120/4) provided and answer the following questions
(a) (i) Name the two districts in the northern part of the map extract. (2 marks)
(ii) Give the latitudinal extent of they are covered by the map. (2 marks)
(iii) According to the marginal information provided in the map, what is the
magnetic variation of the area when the map was drawn. (2 marks)
(iv) Calculate the area of Nyeri forest on the map. Give your answer in square
kilometres. (2marks)
(b) Describe drainage of the area covered by the map. (5 marks)
(c) Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors that favours the growing of coffee
in Nyeri area. (6 marks)
(c) Explain three factors that have influenced settlement in the area covered by the map.
(6marks)
7. (a) (i) Differentiate between rocks and minerals. (2 marks)
(ii) Describe the following characteristics of minerals.

• Color. (2 marks)
• Hardness. (2 marks)
(b) (i) What are igneous rocks? (2 marks)
@ 2024 Page 2
(ii) State three differences between plutonic and volcanic rocks.
(3 marks)
(c) Describe the formation of the following rocks.
(i) Mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (3 marks)
(ii) Chemically formed sedimentary rocks. (3 marks)
(d) (i) Identify the missing type of rocks. (3 marks)
Metamorphic rock
Original rock
(i)
Limestone
Graphite
(ii)
Granite (iii)
(ii) Suppose you were to carry out a field study on rocks at the Kenyan coast. State
two reasons as to why you would ask for permission from the school
administration. (2marks)
(iii) What reasons would you give for the widespread of sedimentary rocks at the
coastal plain? (3marks)
9. (a) (i) Name three types of river erosion (3 marks)
(ii) Describe the following river erosional presses.

• Abrasion (4 marks)
• Solution (3 marks)
(b) (i) What is river rejuvenation (2 marks)
(ii) Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation. (3 marks)
(c) (i) Name two types of submerged highland coasts. (2 marks)
(ii) State two factors influencing deposition by ocean waters. (2 marks)
(d) Explain three significance of oceans to human activities. (6 marks)
10. (a) (i) Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure. (2 marks)
(ii) Apart from living organisms, name four other components of soil. (4 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows different layers of soil. Use it to answer questions (b) (i),
(ii) and (ii)
@ 2024 Page 3
W
(i) Name the soil layers X ,Y and Z (3 marks)

(ii) Give two main processes of soil formation which takes place in horizon W.
(2 marks)
(iii) State four characteristics of soil in horizon X. (2 marks)
(c) Explain how the following farming practices may result to loss of soil fertility
(i) Continuous irrigation. (2 marks)
(ii) Over grazing. (2 marks)
(iii) Over cultivation. (2 marks)
(d) Explain ways in which natural vegetation may prevent soil from erosion. (4 marks)
@ 2024 Page 4
GEOGRAPHY (312/2)
PAPER 2
SECTION A
(Answer all questions in this section)
1. (a) What is horticulture? (2mks)
(b) State three advantages of using green house in horticulture farming (3mks)
2. (a) Name two minerals mined in South Africa (2mks)
(b) Give three problems facing mining industry in South Africa (3mks)
3.a) State any two problems facing wildlife conservation (2mks)
b) Give any three historical sites at the Kenyan coast that are tourist attractions (3mks)
4. (a) State three factors necessary for a land to be reclaimed (3mks)
(b) Give three uses of polder land in Netherlands (3mks)
5. Give four ways in which Kenya will benefit as a result of oil discovery and exploration in Turkana County
(4mks)
SECTION B
(Answer Question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO )
.6. World Wheat production by region.
Region % of Wheat Production
Asia 35
Europe 22
North America 19
1
For marking schemes inox 0724351706
USSR 16
Others 8
a) Draw a Pie Chart to illustrate the information given above. (5mks)
b) Name
i) Two districts in Kenya where wheat is grown on Commercial Scale. (2mks)
ii) Two Wheat producing provinces of Canada. (2mks)
c) Explain three conditions that favour Wheat farming in Kenya. (6mks)
d). Explain five factors which enable Canada to produce more Wheat than Kenya. (10mks)
7.(a) i) Define the term deforestation. (2mks)
(ii) State the causes of deforestation? (4mks)
(b) Outline the stages involved in the extraction of timber from natural forests. (4mks)
(c) Explain four characteristic of the tropical rain forest. (8mks)
(d) Describe the ecological uses of forests. (7mks)
8.(a) Name four ways in which minerals occur. (4mks)
(b) State the factors affecting exploitation of minerals. (5mks)
(c) i) Name one area where gold is mined in South Africa. (1mk)
(ii) Describe methods of mining gold in South Africa. (5mks)
(d) i) What are the problems of mining in South Africa? (5mks)

2
(ii) In what ways had gold contributed to the economic growth of South Africa. (5mks)
9. (a) i) Define the term Nomadic Pastoralism. (2mks)
(ii) Name two Nomadic Pastoralists Communities in Africa. (2mks)
(b) Give five factors that have favoured the development of beef farming in Argentina. (5mks)
(c) State six problems that face Nomadic Pastoralists in Africa. (6mks)
(d) Explain five changes that are taking place to improve Nomadic Pastoral area in Kenya.
(10mks)
10. (a) Define the term fisheries. (1mk)
(b) (i) State three human conditions necessary for fishing. (3mks)
(ii) Name two examples of anadromous fish. (2mks)
(c) Explain how the line-fish method of fishing is used. (4mks)
(d) (i) Explain the reasons why the North East Atlantic is extensive and highly developed.
(10mks)
(ii) State the problems facing fishing in Marine fishing in Kenya. (5mks)
3
NAIROBI SCHOOL
PAPER 1
1.(a) State how the Coriolis force affects the direction of wind. (2 marks)
(b) Give three characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds (3 marks)
2. The table below shows the mean monthly rainfall and temperature for station
Months J F M A M J J A S O N D
Mean monthly 15 8 8 13 31 51 51 51 28 25 18 20
rainfall (mm)
Mean monthly -22 -18 -12 -1 4 10 11 11 5 -11 -18 -22

temperature (0C)
Describe the climatic characteristics represented by the mean monthly rainfall and temperature table station
X. (5 marks)
3. (a) What is an earthquake (2 marks)
(b) Identify the scales used to measure; (2 marks)
(i) The intensity of earthquake
(ii) The magnitude of earthquake
4. (a) Name three types of boundaries according to the plate tectonic theory (3 marks)
(b) Give three effects of the movement of tectonic plates. (3 marks)
5. (a) State three conditions that influence the process of solifluction in mass wasting.
(3 marks)
(b) Give two negative effects of mass wasting on the physical environment (2 marks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO questions from this section.
6. Study the map of Mumias 1;50, 000 (Sheet 101/2) provided and answer the following questions.
(a) (i) What type of map is the Mumias map? (1 mark)
(ii) State two methods used to represent relief in the area coved by the map (2 marks)

(iii) Give the general direction of flow of R. Nzoia. (1 mark)
(b) (i) Covert the linear scale of the map into a statement scale. (2 marks)
(ii) Give six figure grid reference of Air Photo Principal Point with Sortie No. 92/KE/4 157 in the southern
part of the map. (2 marks)
(c) On the graph paper provided, reduce the area enclosed by Eastings 50 to 56 and Northings 38 to 44 by a
scale factor of 2. (2 marks)
(i) On the new map, accurately mark the following;

(a) All weather road loose surface (1 mark)
(b) Provincial boundary (1 mark)
(c) Bumala Dam (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the new scale of the reduced map (2 marks)
(d) Describe the distribution of settlements in the area covered by the map (6 marks)
(i) Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors influencing trade in the area covered by the map
(4 marks)
7. (a) (i) Differentiate between faulting and folding. (2 marks)
(ii) Name five features formed as a result of faulting. (5 marks)
(b) The world map below shows the location of some fold mountains. Use it to answer question (a) (i)
(i) Identify the fold mountains marked W, X, Y and Z (4marks)
(ii) Citing relevant examples, explain how Fold Mountains were formed according to the plate tectonics
theory. (6 marks)

(c) Explain the effects of Fold Mountains on the following
Transport. (2 marks)
Agriculture. (2 marks)
Tourism. (2 marks)
Mining. (2 marks)
8.(a) Describe the following wind erosion processes
(i) Abrasion (2 marks)
(ii) Deflation (2 marks)
(b) Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
(i) Name the feature marked A and B (2 marks)
(ii) State three significance of feature A to the human environment (3 marks)
c) i) Explain how a canyon is formed (5 marks)
ii) Using well labelled diagrams describe how Zeugen are formed (8 marks)
(d) State three characteristics of a barchan (3 marks)
9. (a) (i) Define a coastline (2 marks)
(ii) Give three types of a coral reefs (3 marks)
(b) i) Describe how a Tombolo is formed (4marks)

(ii) Using well labelled diagrams describe how a stack is formed (8 marks)
(c) (i) Give three factors that determine the size of a wave in the open sea. (3 marks)
(ii) State three uses of coral reefs (3 marks)
(iii) Students from Mombasa high school carried out a field study along the
coastline of Indian Ocean. Give the reason for carrying the following items (2 marks)
-Stop watch
-Camera
10. (a) (i) State three characteristics of a maximum thermometer. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain how a maximum thermometer is used to measure temperature

(6 marks)
(b) Describe;
(i) How Lake Victoria influences the temperature of the surrounding region. (4 marks)
(iii) How south east trade wind. Influence temperature at the coast. (2 marks)
(c) (i) Explain two ways in which vegetation adapts to hot climate. (4 marks)
(ii) Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate (6 marks)

NAIROBI SCHOOL
PAPER 2
SECTION A:
1a) What is the meaning of human geography (2marks)
b) Give three sub division of human geography (3marks)
2a) State the characteristics of shifting cultivation. (2 marks)
b) Identify three problems facing normadic patrolists in Kenya (3marks)
3a) Name three ways in which placer method of mining can be done. (3Marks)
b) State two problems facing trona mining in lake Magadi (2 marks)
4a) Give two counties in the Rift Valley region of Kenya where cattle ranching is practiced
(2marks)
b) Name three exotic breed reared by beef farmers in Kenya (3marks)
5a) Give three reasons why it is necessary to study geography through fieldwork (3marks)
ii) Give two disadvantages of using cumulative bar graph in data presentation. (2marks)
b) Name five areas in Kenya where horticulture is practiced (5marks)
c) Explain four reasons why horticultural produce is exported by air to the European market.
(8marks)
7 a) Give two varieties of tea grown in Kenya (2marks)
b) Name two counties in central Kenya where tea is grown in large scale (2 marks)
c) State five physical conditions required for growing of tea in Kenya (5 marks)
d) Describe the stages of tea processing to the time it is ready for marketing (6 Marks)
e) Explain four problems experienced in small scale tea farming in Kenya . (8marks)
f) Give two ways through which coffee farming in Kenya differs from coffee in Brazil
(6Marks)

8. (a).Define the term indigenous forests (2marks)
(b).Outline how the following factors influences the distributions of forests
(i) Temperature (3marks)
(ii) Human activities (3Marks)
b (i) State three problems of exploitation of tropical rain forest in Africa .(3Marks)
ii) Explain the cause of forest depletion in Kenya today. (6Marks)
C i) Give three problems Canada faces exploiting her forests (3Marks)
ii) Name three major lumbering provinces in Eastern Canada (3Marks)
iii) Give two differences between forestry in Kenya and Canada (4Marks)
9 ai) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation (2Marks)
ii) State two methods of land reclamation used in Kenya (2marks)
iii) Explain three conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya. (6Marks)
b i) State two physical factors that influence the location of Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme.
(2Marks)
ii) Explain two human problems that farmers face in irrigation farming in Kenya. (4 Marks)
C i) Give three benefits of the polders in Netherlands. (3Marks)
ii) Describe the stages of land reclamation in Netherlands (6 Marks)
10 a i) Define the term mining (2Marks)
ii) State four formations in which mineral occur (4 Marks)
b i) Name three methods of underground mining apart from shaft method (3Marks)
ii) Describe how shaft method is carried out (6Marks)
iii) State two disadvantages of direct observation as a method of data collection. (2Marks)
c) Explain four benefits of the oil mining to the local community in Turkana. (8Marks)
d) Name two parts through which minerals in East Africa are exported (2Marks)

KAPSABET BOYS
PAPER 1
SECTION A (25 marks)
1. (a) State the uniqueness of Geography as compared to other subjects. (2 marks)

(b) List three broad aspects studied under physical Geography. (3 marks)
2. (a) Give two types of coastal beaches. (3 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows features formed by wave deposition. Identify the features
marked J and K. (2 marks)
3. (a) What is an avalanche? (2 marks)

(b) Identify three factors that influence the rate at which materials move down a slope.
(3 marks)
4. (a) Name two isothermal layers of the atmosphere. (2 marks)
(b) State three ways in which the atmosphere is heated. (3 marks)
5. (a) Study the world map below answer the questions that follow:
Name the fold mountain found in the area marked A, B and C. (3 marks)
(b) Give two negative effects of faulting. (2 marks)
SECTION B (75 marks)

2
6. Study the map of Migwani 1 : 50,000 (sheet 151/1) provided and answer the questions
that follow.
(a) (i) Give the title of the Map. (1 mark)
(ii) Which type of Map is this? (2 marks)
(iii) list two types of scales shown on the map. (2 marks)
(b) (i) Name three natural features found in grid square 0570. (3 marks)
(ii) Identify two methods that have been used to show relief on this map. (2 marks)
(c) (i) Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 8cm to represent the area covered between
Eastings 10 to 13 and Northings 82 to 84. (1 mark)
(ii) On the rectangle drawn, show the following feature;
- River Ngoo
- Dry weather land.
- Scrub
(iii) Calculate the new scale of the rectangle drawn. (2 marks)
(d) Describe the drainage of the area shown by the map. (4 marks)
(e) Citing evidence from the map, give three functions of Migwani. (6 marks)
7. (a) (i) Differentiate between river regime and river discharge. (2 marks)
(ii) State four characteristics of a river in its youthful stage. (4 marks)
(iii) Give two reasons why a river may have a large volume in its old stage.
(2 marks)
(b) Describe three ways in which river gorges may form. (6 marks)
(c) Using diagrams, describe how a flood plain forms. (7 marks)

(d) Explain two conditions necessary for river capture to occur. (4 marks)
8. The diagram below shows some surface features in a karst region. Use it to answer
question (a)
(a) Name the features marked P, Q and R. (3 marks)

(b) Outline three factors that influence the development of karst scenery. (3 marks)
3
(c) Using suitable diagrams, describe how the following features which are found in
limestone areas are formed.
(i) A shallow hole. (5 marks)
(ii) A doline. (5 marks)
(d) Explain three ways in which limestone landscapes influence human activities.
(6 marks)
(e) Form four students of your school undertook field work on a karst landscape.
(i) State two objectives of their study. (2 marks)
(ii) Give one reason why they need to pre-visit the area. (1 mark)
9. (a) (i) What is a desert? (2 marks)
(ii) Name two types of deserts landscapes. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how wind transport materials on the desert surface using the following
processes.
(i) Surface creep. (2 marks)
(ii) Saltation. (2 marks)
(c) Using well labelled diagram(s) explain how Barchan is formed. (8 marks)
(d) You intend to carry out a field study in an arid area near your school.
(i) State two reasons for carrying out a pre-visit. (2 marks)
(ii) Apart from Brarchan state three depositional features they are likely to have
identified. (3 marks)
(iii) State four positive effects of deserts features to man that you are likely to
identify. (4 marks)
10. (a) (i)Describe the following characteristics of minerals:
• Texture. (1 mark)
• Tenacity. (1 mark)
(ii) Describe how extrusive igneous rocks are formed. (4 marks)
(b) For each of the following rocks, name the resultant rock that forms after
metamorphism.
(i) Sandstone. (1 mark)
(ii) Limestone. (1 mark)
(iii) Granite. (1 mark)
(c) Explain three economic significance of rocks in Kenya. (3 marks)
(d) Students carried out a field study on rocks around their school.
(i) State two importance of stating the objectives for their study. (2 marks)
4
(ii) Give three reasons why they prepared a route map of the study area.
(3 marks)
(iii) Give three activities that the students were involved in during the field study.
(3 marks)

KAPSABET BOYS
PAPER 2
SECTION A (25 marks)
1. (a) Name two indigenous softwood tree species found in Kenya. (2 marks)
(b) State three factors that favour the development of softwood forests in Canada.
(3marks)
2. Use the map of Kenya below to answer question (a).
(a) Name the minerals mined in the areas marked P and R. (2 marks)
(b) State three benefits of Gold mining to the economy of South Africa. (3 marks)
3. (a) Explain the term soil erosion. (2 marks)
(b) List four ways in which soil erosion can be controlled. (3 marks)
4. (a) State two negative effects of tourism in Kenya. (2 marks)
(b) Sate three social-economic factors that attract tourists in Switzerland. (3 marks)
5. (a) explain the following terms:
(i) Fishing. (1 mark)
(ii) Fisheries. (1 mark)
(b) Describe long lining as a method of fishing. (3 marks)
SECTION B (25 marks)
6. The table below shows the prices of sugar in Kenya shillings per ton in some countries
in Africa. Use it to answer question (a).
2
Year Kenya South Africa Tanzania Zambia

2010 95,400 61,927 68,702 84,447
2011 111,713 67,462 66,985 93,798
2012 110,878 65,173 90,649 86,832
(a) (i) Draw a divided rectangle 16cm long to represent the prices of sugar in the year
2012. (7 marks)
(ii) State two advantages of using divided rectangles to represent data.
(2 marks)
(b) State three physical conditions that favour large scale sugarcane farming in
Western Kenya. (3 marks)
(c) Describe the stages involved in sugar production from harvesting to marketing.
(7 marks)
(d) Explain three problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. (6 marks)
7. (a) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. (2 marks)

(b) (i) List three was in which tsetse fly menace has been controlled in Lambwe valley.
(3 marks)
(ii) Name two areas in Kenya where swamps have been reclaimed. (2 marks)
(iii) State four factors which influenced the establishment of Perkerra Irrigation
Scheme. (4 marks)
(c) You intend to carry out a field study on Budalangi Flood control.
(i) Name two method that have been used to control flooding in Budalangi.
(2 marks)
(ii) Give three reasons why food control in Budalanga is important. (3 marks)
(iii) List three activities that you would undertake prior to the study. (3 marks)
(iv) Explain three methods that you would use to present your findings after the
study. (6 marks)
8. Use the map of East Africa below to answer question (a) (i) below.

3
(a) (i) Name the National Parks P, Q and R. (3marks)

(ii) Differentiate between a game sanctuary and an animal orphanage. (2marks)
(b) (i) State and explain three measures being undertaken in Kenya to conserve
wildlife. (6 marks)
(ii) List four problems facing Tourism in Kenya. (4 marks)
(iii) Name three tourist destinations in Uganda. (3marks)
(c) (i) What is ecotourism? (2marks)
(iii) State one community in Kenya engaged in ecotourism. (1mark)
(iv) Outline four significance of tourism to an economy of a country. (4marks)
9. (a) Give three advantages of using solar energy. (3marks)

(b) Identify the hydro-powered stations marked A, B and C in the diagram below.
(3marks)
(c) Explain any five ways in which energy contributes to the growth of the economy.
(10 marks)
(d) (i) Discuss any three problems associated with energy crisis. (6 marks)
(ii) Suggest any three ways to minimize energy wastage. (3marks)
10. (a) (i) Name two species of coffee grown in Kenya. (2 marks)

4
(ii) explain how the following factors favour coffee growing in the central Highlands
of Kenya.
• High altitude; (2 marks)
• High population; (2 marks)
(b) (i)Explain three ways in which government promotes coffee growing in Kenya.
(6 marks)
(ii) compare coffee growing in Kenya and Brazil under the following.
• Marketing; (2 marks)
• Climatic hazards; (2 marks)
(c) Suppose you curried out a field study on coffee plantation;
(i) State three problems facing coffee farmers you are likely to observe
during the field study. (3 marks)
(ii) Give two methods you would use to collect data other than observation.
(2 marks)
(iii) In what two ways will you advice farmers to avert the problems identified
in (c) (i) above? (4 marks)

PANGANI GIRLS POST MOCK 2023
GEOGRAPHY 312/1
SECTION A
1 a) Give the forces which have contributed to the geoid shape of the Earth (3 marks)
b) Name the minerals that make up the core of the Earth
(2 marks)
2 a) Give three causes of earthquakes (3 marks)
b) Name two major earthquakes zones of the world (2 marks)
3 a) Apart from aspect, list three other factors that influence the distribution of natural
vegetation (3 marks)
b) State two ways through which aspect influences the distribution of natural vegetation
(2 marks)
4 a) State three conditions necessary for the development of Karst scenery (3 marks)
b) Give two reasons why there are few settlements in Karst landscapes (2 marks)
5 a) Give two causes of river rejuvenation (2 marks)
b) Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation
(3 marks)
SECTION B
6. Study the map of Mumias (Sheet No. 101/2) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) What type of map is Mumias? (1 mark)
ii.What is the name of the map provided? (sheet name) (1 mark)
iii. What is the title of the map provided? (sheet title) (1 mark)
iv. What information is contained on the sheet title? (4 marks)
b) Give two ways of identifying the map provided. (3 marks)
c) Name two types of scales found on the map. (4 marks)
d) Convert the scale of the map into statement scale. (4 marks)

e) i.What is the contour interval of the map? (1 mark)
ii. What is the magnetic variation of the map? (2 marks)
iii. What is the magnetic declination of the map as at 1970? (2 marks)
f) Name an area bordering Mumias to the east. (2 marks)
7 a) i) What is a rock? (2 marks)
ii) Give two examples of plutonic igneous rocks (2 marks)
b) Describe the processes of formation of each of the following types of sedimentary rocks:
i) Mechanically formed (4 marks)
ii) Organically formed (4 marks)
c) State five characteristics of rocks (5 marks)
d) You are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within the local environment.
i) List three methods you would use to collect data (3 marks)
ii)State three problems you are likely to encounter during the study.(3 marks)
iii)Give two economic uses of rocks. (2 marks)
8. a) i) Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds (3 marks)
ii) Describe the formation of an over thrust fold
(6 marks)
b) i) Name the young fold mountains found in the following continents
• Africa (1 mark)
• Europe (1 mark)
• Asia (1 mark)
• North America (1 mark)
ii) Apart from Fold Mountains, name four other features resulting from folding. (4 marks)
c) Explain four effects of folding on physical environment (8 marks)
9 a) i) Define an ocean (2 marks)

ii) Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water (6 marks)
b) i) Identify three processes involved with wave erosion (3 marks)
ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the process through which a wave cut
platform is formed (8 marks)
c) You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along
the coast

i) Identify three methods you would use to record data
(3 marks)
ii) Give three depositional features you are likely to observe during field study (3 marks)
10 a) i) What is soil structure

ii) Explain how the following factors influence soil formation (2 marks)
• Time (2 marks)
• Parent rock
b) Describe the following properties of soil (2 marks)

i. • Soil texture (2 marks)
ii. • Soil porosity (2 marks)
iii. • Soil colour (2 marks)
c) State four negative effects of soil erosion
You are planning to carry out field study on soil around your school (4 marks)
i) State four preparations that you will make for the study (4 marks)
ii) Give three reasons why it is important to study soils through the field study (3 marks)
THE END

PANGANI GIRLS
312/2
SECTION A
1 a) State three factors that contribute to growth of slums in urban centers. (3mk)
b) List two types of settlement patterns in Kenya. (2mk)
2a) State three physical conditions that favour growing of maize in Kenya. (3mk)
b) Give two problems facing maize farming in Kenya. (2mk)
3a) What is air pollution?(2mk)

b) State three ways that Kenya has adopted to manage air pollution. (3mk)
4a) Differentiate between a national park and a game reserve. (2mk)

b) State three effects of human encroachment into wildlife habitats. (3mk)
5 a) Name two places where diamond mining is done in South Africa. (2mk)
b) State three problems facing gold mining in South Africa. (3mk)
SECTION B
6 a) The photograph below shows a crop cultivated under horticultural farming.
Page 1 of 4

a i) identify the type of photograph shown above. (1mk)
ii) Using evidence from the photograph, identify two indicators that show the area receive
high rainfall. (2mk)
iii) Draw a rectangle measuring 15 cm by 10 cm and on it sketch and show the main features.
(4mk)
b) State four reasons why growing of vegetables in green houses in Kenya would be preferred.
(4mk)
c) Explain four difficulties that the Kenyan farmer face in marketing horticultural produce.
(8mks)
d) Explain three similarities between horticultural farming in Kenya and Netherlands. (6mk)
7a) Differentiate between pelagic fishing and demersal fishing. (2mk)

b) State four reasons why marine fisheries are not well developed in Kenya. (4mk)
c i) Explain three reasons why Lake Victoria is a major fishing ground in Kenya. (6mk)
ii) Give five ways in which fresh water fisheries in Kenya can be conserved. (5mk)
d) Explain fourdifferences between fishing in Kenya and Japan. (8mk)
8 The sketch map below shows the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence sea way. Use it to answer
question (a)
Page 2 of 4

a) i) Name the lake marked L.(1mk)
ii) Name the waterfall marked M.(1mk)
iii) Name the sea port marked N. (1mk)
b) i) List three objectives that led to the construction of the St. Lawrence sea way. (3mk)
ii) Explain four ways in which the St. Lawrence Sea way has benefited the economies of
Canada and the USA. (8mk)
c) State threecauses of the decline in use of letters as a mean of communication in Kenya.
(3mk)
d)Explain fourefforts made by the Government of Kenya to solve the problems facing
communication in the country. (8mk)
9 a i) Name two places in Kenya where wind energy is being harnessed. (2mk)
ii) Give four reasons why Kenya has not been able to fully exploit her geothermal power
potential. (4mk)
b) Explain four benefits that would result from rural electrification in Kenya.(8mk)
c) Apart from petroleum oil, name three other sources of non -renewable energy. (3mk)
d) i) What is energy crisis. (2mk)
ii) Explain three effects that the increase in petroleum oil prices has had on the economy of
Kenya.(6mk)
Page 3 of 4

10. ai) Name two towns in Kenya with motor vehicle assemblyindustries. (2mks)
ii) State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor vehicle assembly
industries. (4mk)
b) The sketch map below shows the Ruhr Industrial region of Germany.
i) Name the town marked R. (1mk)

ii) Name the canal marked S. (1mk)
iii) Name the river marked T. (1mk)
c) Explain four factors that have led to the growth of the iron and steel industries in the Ruhr
region of Germany. (8mk)
d) Your class has decided to undertake a field study in a factory near your school.
i) Give three reasons why it is important to seek permission from the school.(3mk)
ii) State two reasons why administering questionnaires may not be an appropriate method
to collect data. (2mk)
iii) State three advantages of using statistical tables to record data. (3mk)
Page 4 of 4

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KCSE GEOGRAPHY TOP SCHOOLS 2024 COMPILED BY GOLDLITE ONLINE SERVICES

KCSE TOP SCHOOLS 2024

312 - GEOGRAPHY - Paper 2 and 1

c) All answers must be written in the booklet provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE’S SCORE

Total Score 100

For comprehensive marking schemes and more papers

2. (a) Name two types of earth movement (2mks)

3. (a) What is natural vegetation? (2mks)

➢ Seasonal swamp (1mk)

7. a) What is folding? (1mk)

i) Name the Fold Mountains found in the area marked A, B, C, D.

8. (a) (i) Define wind abrasion. (2mks)

9. (a) (i) What are earthquakes? (2mks)

Earth’s surface S Shock waves

Name the locations marked S and T. (2mks)

(b) (i) Name any three natural causes of earthquakes. (3mks)

(i) Name the parts marked A,B ,C and D (4mks)

©2024@Goldlite online services. For ms call 0724351706

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE’S SCORE

Total Score 100

2. (a) Name two forest reserves in Kenya. (2mks)

(b) State three characteristics of equatorial rain forest. (3mks)

3. (a) Name two primary sources of population data. (2mks)

(b) Name two examples of fossil fuels. (2mks)

5. (a) Define non-renewable energy sources. (2mks)

©2024@Goldlite online services. For ms call 0724351706

Country Production (1,000 tonnes)

7. (a) Name three types of dairy cattle kept in Kenya. (3mks)

©2024@Goldlite online services. For ms call 0724351706

(ii) State four benefits of land Rehabilitation in Kenya. (4mks)

(ii) State three problems facing Pekerra irrigation scheme (3mks)

9. (a) (i) Define the meaning of the term census. (2mks)

(ii) Give two primary sources of population data. (2mks)

(iii) What information can be derived from a population pyramid? (3mks)

(c) Explain three causes of rural-rural migration in Kenya. (6mks)

10. a) i) Identify two types of open cast mining. (2mks)

ii) Describe the stages involved in deep-shaft mining. (6mks)

b) State three negative effects of mining on the environment. (3mks)

e) Explain how the following factors influence exploitation of minerals.

- Quality of the ore. (2mks)

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i. Name the feature shown above (1mk)

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i. Identify the features above (1mk)

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i) Name the parts marked W, X, Y and Z. (4mks)

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Rheine Herne Canal

10. a) i) What is a sanctuary. (2mks)

1aDefine the term environment 2mks

3 a.highlight the characteristics of the troposphere 2mks

4 a what is zero lapse rate 2mks

5a.Give two types of igneous rocks 2mks

a. i .What is the magnetic variation of the map 2mks

e.Describe the Drainage of the area covered by the map 7mks

©2024@Goldlite online services. For ms call 0724351706

.The diagram below shows some festures of vulcanicity