Be GTPP

20BEX01
Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu
Lecture
3
Lecture Topic Gas Turbine Power Plant
Which uses gas turbine to produce electricity.
Main Parts
Compressor: used to compress the air to a high density - helps in the burning of the fuel. The
compressor and turbine has common shaft.
Combustion chamber: burning of the fuel in the presence of the air takes place.
Gas Turbine:
• It consists of rotter blades.
• The hot gases strikes on these blades and it starts rotating.
Generator / Alternator: It rotates with the turbine shaft and produces electricity.
5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 2

Lecture Topic
Fuels: - Natural gas - cheaper - less
pollution is produced
• Rotary type air compressor is used.

• The exhaust gases always carry the heat -increasing the temperature of the
compressed air.
• The compressed air passing through the fine tube of the regenerator mixes with
the exhaust gases.
• The burners inside the combustion chamber does the role of injecting the fuel oil in
the form of oil spray.
• heated to 3000ºF due to the burning of the oil.
• The kinetic energy is produced inside the turbine
• The alternator produces required electrical energy.

1. Compressor:
Rotary type air compressor is used in the gas turbine power plant. At the inlet of the
compressor, filtration of the air has been carried out from the dust due to the air filter.
Compressor plays the role of compressing the air and increasing the pressure of the air.
2. Regenerator:
The exhaust gases always carry the heat and that heat is used in the regenerator for
increasing the temperature of the compressed air. In short, in the regenerator, the
compressed air passing through the fine tube of the regenerator mixes with the exhaust
gases resulting in the rise of temperature of the compressed air.
3. Combustion chamber:
The hot air from the regenerator then, enters into the compression chamber. The burners
inside the combustion chamber does the role of injecting the fuel oil in the form of oil spray.
The compressed air from the regenerator gets heated to 3000ºF due to the burning of the
oil. This compressed air then, mixes with the combustion gases and cools down to the 1300º
to 1500ºF.
4. Turbine:
In the turbine, mixing of the combustion gases and compressed air takes place. The kinetic
energy is produced inside the turbine and also, the temperature of the gas again comes
down to 900º F.
5. Alternator:
Inside the alternator, there is a rotor. The rotor of the alternator and the turbine has the
same shaft. The alternator produces required electrical energy.
Working Principle of Gas Turbine Power Plant
First, of all air is compressed inside the compressor. This compressed air enters into the
compression chamber and gets heated. After that, this highly heated and pressurized air
comes in the turbine. In the turbine, expansion of the air takes place and it acquires a
kinetic energy and rotates the turbine blades. Now, this kinetic energy is converted into
electrical energy with the help of a generator (alternator) coupled with the turbine shaft.
Fuels:
Now, let us talk about the choice of the fuels in the gas turbine power plant. Natural gas is
the most suitable fuel as it cheaper and also emits low Carbon Dioxide. Due to this, less
pollution is produced. It is to be noted that fuel must not emit pollutants like carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides after the combustion.
Advantages
• GTPP has a simple structure.
• dimensionally smaller - installed in a compact size area.
• The cost for maintaining - working condition is very less.
• less amount of pollution - a less amount of water supply to operate it. used in the places -
scarcity of water and electric energy requirement is more.
• No need of condenser and boiler.
• It requires cost effective fuels. - kerosene, benzene.
Disadvantages
• low thermal efficiency - leads to the limitations in its applications.
• compressor, due to high frequency, noise is generated.
• Heat carried out by the exhaust gases which also reduces the efficiency.
• It is not suitable daily applications.
• For making - large cost is required. The operating temperature is higher - special metals and
alloys are used.
Advantages
GTPP has a simple structure. But steam turbine power plant is structurally more complicated.
Gas turbine power plant is dimensionally smaller than other types of power plants. So, it can
be installed in a compact size area.
The cost for maintaining this power plant in the working condition is very less.
The gas turbine power plant gives rise to less amount of pollution and you require a less
amount of water supply to operate it. As water requirement is less, such power plants are
popularly used in the places where there is a scarcity of water and electric energy requirement
is more.
No need of condenser and boiler while operating the gas turbine power plant.
It requires cost effective fuels. We can use cheaper fuels such as kerosene, benzene to run the
power plant.
Disadvantages
When power plants are considered then, their efficiency is the most important factor that we
have to consider. The gas turbine power plant has low thermal efficiency. This lower efficiency
of the GTPP leads to the limitations in its applications.
From a compressor, due to high frequency, noise is generated. This leads to the noise
pollution.
Heat from the surface is carried out by the exhaust gases which also reduces the efficiency of
this power plant.
It is not suitable for production of electricity in our daily applications.
For making of the gas turbine, a large cost is required. The operating temperature inside the
gas turbine power plant is higher. Hence, special metals and alloys are used while constructing
it.
• Gas turbine draws clean air into through air filter from atmosphere, with the help of
a compressor.
• During the compression pressure of the air is increased.
• Compressed air is passed through to a combustion chamber along with fuel (Natural
gas).
• The air fuel mixture is ignited at high pressure in the combustion chamber.
• Combustion takes place.
• The generated hot gas of compression is passed through the gas turbine.
• Hot gases expand, and the turbine blades are connected to the turbine shaft are
rotated.
• The turbine shaft which is coupled to the shaft of the electrical generator at the
other end also rotates and drives the electrical generator.
• A portion of the energy developed by the hot gases through the gas turbine is used
to run the compressor.
• The residual hot gases from gas turbine are passed through a heat exchanger (heat
recovery steam generator)
• The heat exchanger produces steam with high pressure with the help of a steam
boiler.
• The steam is allowed to expand in the steam turbine.
• when it passes through the turbine blades, the turbine shaft is rotated. The shaft is
coupled to the generator, which generates electricity.
• Gas turbine and steam turbine combination enables increased power generation.
Lecture Topic Diesel Power plant
Figure : Layout of Diesel Power plant

Lecture Topic
components of the diesel power plant are:
1) Engine
Engine is the heart of a diesel power plant. Engine is directly connected through a gear
box to the generator. Generally two-stroke engines are used for power generation
2) Air supply system
Air inlet is arranged outside the engine room. Air from the atmosphere is filtered by air
filter and conveyed to the inlet manifold of engine. In large plants
supercharger/turbocharger is used for increasing the pressure of input air which
increases the power output.
3) Exhaust System
This includes the silencers and connecting ducts. The heat content of the exhaust gas is
utilized in a turbine in a turbocharger to compress the air input to the engine.
4) Fuel System
Fuel is stored in a tank from where it flows to the fuel pump through a filter. Fuel is
injected to the engine as per the load requirement.
5) Cooling system
This system includes water circulating pumps, cooling towers, water filter etc. Cooling
water is circulated through the engine block to keep the temperature of the engine in the
safe range.

Lecture Topic
6) Lubricating system
Lubrication system includes the air pumps, oil tanks, filters, coolers and pipe lines.
Lubricant is given to reduce friction of moving parts and reduce the wear and tear of
the engine parts.
7) Starting System
There are three commonly used starting systems, they are;
1) A petrol driven auxiliary engine
2) Use of electric motors.
3) Use of compressed air from an air compressor at a pressure of 20 Kg/cm.
8) Governing system
The function of a governing system is to maintain the speed of the engine constant
irrespective of load on the plant. This is done by varying fuel supply to the engine
according to load.

Lecture Topic
Application of diesel power plant:

As diesel power station has a capacity in the range of 2 to
5MW; So, We can use it in many applications as:
1. A central station for medium or small power supplies.
2. And for emergency services as a stand_by plant
to hydroelectric power plants and steam power plants.
3. For mobile power generation, transportation systems
like automobiles, railways, airplanes, and ships.
4. A nursery station to transport the power from stations
to small power plants, or supply power to small towns.

Lecture Topic
1. The low initial cost.
2. The design is very simple .
3. A small generators can start and stop in few seconds
4. The thermal efficiency is quite higher than other types.
5. the plant is quite smaller than steam plants .
6. It’s easy to design it for portable use.
7. The cooling is easy and requires a small quantity of
water.
8. The higher running costs due to the high cost of the
diesel.
9. The general use of this plant is to produce small power
requirement.
10.It can’t stand up for a long period of overload
conditions.
Lecture Topic
1. There isn’t any difficulty with varying loads.

2. Also, the fuel cost required for operation is low.
3. Replacement losses are smaller
4. And it also requires fewer members of engineers.
5. The lubricants cost is high.
6. Complex and high-cost maintenance; which makes the
life of the plant small from 7 to 10 years.
7. Its capacity is only about 50 MW.
8. Also, the noise produced by the plant is high.

Thank you

Be GTPP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Be GTPP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Be GTPP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

20BEX01

Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 2

• Rotary type air compressor is used.

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 3

Figure : Layout of Diesel Power plant

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 10

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 11

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 12

Application of diesel power plant:

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 13

1. There isn’t any difficulty with varying loads.

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 15

5/12/2021 Basics of Engineering by Dr A Vijin Prabhu 16

You might also like