EST II BIOLOGY

Final Revision
01273468684

01273468684
Choose from the names of the biomes below:
A. Tropical rain forest
B. Taiga
C. Temperate grasslands
D. Marine
E. Tundra
1. Called the permafrost
2. Characteristic organisms: large mammals including black bear and elk, and conifer
trees
3. Covers less than 4% of Earth’s land surface but has more than 50% of the Earth’s
terrestrial species
4. It is an environment characterized by the presence of salt water. It is found in all of
Earth's oceans.
5. It is a snow forest characterized by coniferous trees such as spruce and fir.
6. It is characterized by extreme daily temperature changes.
7. There is the presence of permafrost.
8. It is also called boreal forest
Choose from the listed phenomena:
A. Imprinting
B. Classical conditioning
C. Fixed action pattern
D. Altruism
E. Operant conditioning
F. Altruism
9. Geese hatchlings follow the first thing they see.
10. Innate, highly stereotypical behavior, which, once begun, is continued to completion
no matter how useless.
11. Trial and error learning
12. After encountering the scarecrow several times, the birds showed no reaction and
remained in the field
13. stickleback fish attack other male fish only if they have a red belly
14. the training of a dog
15. After many cars pass without harming the birds, the birds do not fly anymore when a
car approaches
16. Young birds follow the first moving object they see after they are born

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17. Vampire bats regularly regurgitate blood and donate it to other members of their
group who have failed to feed that night, ensuring they do not starve
18. He explains that it’s a learning that occurs during sensitive or critical periods in early
life and it cannot be reversed
Choose from the terms below:
A. Auxins
B. Gibberellins
C. Abscisic acid
D. Ethylene
E. Cytokinins
19. Close(s) stomata during times of stress, inhibits growth
20. Enhance(s) apical dominance
21. Induce(s) bolting, the rapid growth of a floral stalk
22. a hormone that elicits seed dormancy, slows plant growth, and can regulate stomata
during adverse environmental conditions such as drought

Choose from the terms below:

A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. helicase
D. ligase
E. restriction enzyme
23. is responsible for unwinding the strands of DNA during replication
24. plays a major role during transcription
25. a protein that cleaves DNA at specific sites
26. is responsible for linking the two sections of DNA during replication
Choose from the listed phenomena:
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. DNA replication
D. RNA processing
27. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.
28. This process takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle.
29. The mRNA is ready to exit the nucleus. (removal of introns)

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Choose from the terms below:
A. nucleic acid
B. ribosomes
C. cell wall
D. plasma membrane
E. mitochondria
30. this can only be found in eukaryotic cells
31. this is absent from animal cells
32. can bind to tRNA

Choose from the terms below:

A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Mitochondria
D. Plasma membrane
E. Chloroplast
F. lysosomes
33. This cannot be found in an animal cell.
34. This organelle is a network of flattened sacs and branching tubules that extends
throughout
35. the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.
36. This structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that play a role in apoptosis of the cell
37. The site of cellular respiration in the eukaryotic cells
38. organelles/structures would you expect to find abundantly in a sperm?

Choose from the list of terms below:

A. Charles Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Stephen J. Gould and Niles Eldridge
D. Oparin and Haldane
E. Hardy-Weinberg
39. Inheritance of acquired traits
40. Use and disuse

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41. Theory of punctuated equilibrium
42. Populations tend to overpopulate
43. Hypothesized that under conditions that existed in early Earth, organic molecules
could form
44. Survival of the fittest

Choose from the terms below about the nitrogen cycle

A. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
B. Denitrifying bacteria
C. Nitrifying bacteria
45. Convert the ammonium into nitrates
46. Convert nitrates into free nitrogen in the atmosphere
47. Convert free nitrogen from the atmosphere into the ammonium ion

Choose from the terms below:

A. CAM
B. C-4
C. G3P
D. NADP
E. ATP
48. Provides the energy for the light-independent reactions
49. A sugar synthesized during photosynthesis
50. Plants that keep their stomata closed during the day and open at night
51. A molecule that caries H2 form the light-dependent reactions and stores energized
electrons temporarily to be used during the light-independent reactions
52. Plants with Kranz anatomy

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Choose from the terms below:
A. Alcoholic fermentation
B. Lactic acid fermentation
C. Glycolysis
D. Krebs cycle
E. Electron transport chain
F. Light dependent
G. Light independent
53. It occurs during strenuous exercise when the body cannot keep up with the demand
of oxygen.
54. It occurs in the cytoplasm where one glucose molecule is broken apart into two
molecules of pyruvate.
55. It occurs in the cytoplasm.
56. Water is broken down.
57. Pyruvate is the product.
58. Sugar is produced.
59. Oxygen is released
60. This phase produces the maximum amount of ATP.
61. Oxygen acts as a substrate in this phase.
62. Yeast carries out this process to produce carbon dioxide.
63. photosynthetic reaction uses carbon dioxide molecules to produce glucose
64. A phase of cellular respiration that occurs in the cristae of mitochondria
65. Most of ATP is produced in it

Choose from the terms below:

A. Glucagon hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Thyroid hormone
E. Insulin hormone
F. LH
G. adrenaline
66. Raises blood calcium
67. Promotes water retention
68. Lowers blood glucose
69. hormone is secreted the most right before ovulation
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70. Sarah saw a big snake while hiking. She started to run and her heartbeat increased to
100 bpm
71. hormone is secreted abundantly during the “fight or flight”?

Choose from the terms below:

A. Decomposers (e.g., bacteria)
B. Producers (e.g., grasses)
C. Primary consumers (e.g., mice)
D. Secondary consumers (e.g., snakes)
E. Tertiary consumers (e.g., hawks)
72. An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from
simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis.
73. An organism whose ecological function involves the recycling of nutrients by
performing the natural process of decomposition as it feeds on decaying organisms.
74. the role of diatoms in any food chain

Choose from the terms below:

A. Nephrons
B. Nephridia
C. Malphigian tubules
D. Flame cells
E. Kidneys
75. It is responsible for excreting urea from earthworms.
76. It is the most primitive structure or organ of excretion.
77. It is responsible for excreting uric acid in insects.

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Choose from the terms below:
A. Comparative Anatomy
B. Comparative Biochemistry
C. Comparative Embryology
D. Comparative Physiology
E. Homologous structures
F. Analogous structures
G. vestigial structures
78. In fish, gill pouches develop into gills while in humans they develop into Eustachian
tubes.
79. Based on the amino acid differences in cytochrome c between different species,
scientists can tell whether two organisms are related.
80. Whales and cats have common ancestry because their limbs have similar bone
structures.
81. The wings of the bird and wings of the bee are
82. the arm of the monkey and the flipper of the whale are
83. instead of a tail, we have a useless tail bone and a small appendix which does not
function anymore.
Choose from the terms below:
A. Divergent evolution
B. Convergent evolution
C. Coevolution
D. stabilizing selection
E. disruptive selection
F. directional selection
G. artificial selection
84. Wildebeests separated from each other by a newly formed river are now separate
species.
85. Farmers have successfully bred Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cauliflower from
the mustard plant
86. New predators were introduced to a forest inhabited by squirrels. The squirrels that
were smaller in size had the advantage of running faster and hiding better compared
to bigger squirrels that were easily captured and killed by the predators. Small
squirrels survived longer and produced more offspring than bigger squirrels.

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Choose from the terms below:
A. Geographic isolation
B. Polyploidy
C. Reproductive isolation
D. Adaptive radiation
E. Temporal isolation
87. Darwin discovered 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands that all evolved
from one original species of finch. This is an example of:
88. The upland chorus frog and the European frog can interbreed but never do, since the
upland chorus frog mates during winter time while the European frog mates during
summer
89. Kangaroos, mice, koalas, Tasmanian wolves and Marsupial rats all emerged from an
ancestral mammal and varied in terms of the survival traits they possessed

Choose from the terms below:

A. Cnidarians
B. Chordates
C. Annelids
D. Roundworms
E. Flatworms
F. Archaea
G. fungi
90. Radial symmetry
91. Two cell layers thick
92. Three cell layers thick and acoelomates
93. Nephridia
94. Exoskeleton
95. No true tissues
96. capable of surviving extreme conditions of heat and salt concentration?
97. Eukaryotic organisms that play an important role in recycling nutrients
98. This species belongs to the animal kingdom. It is about 7cm in length. It crawls
without limbs and has a closed circulatory system.

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99. Following fertilization, parts of the flower fades. One flower structure is transformed
into fruit. Which one?
A. Petals
B. Sepals
C. Stamens
D. Ova
E. Ovary
100. In rabbits, the gene coding for hair color and that for the hair length are
independent. Grey female rabbits having long hair are crossed with grey male rabbits
having long hair. The resulting offspring have the following phenotype:
90 grey body with long hair
30 white body with long hair
30 grey body with short hair
10 white body with short hair
The results show that:
a) There exists a lethal allele.
b) It is the normal result of a self-cross where the allele grey is dominant over the
allele for white hair.
c) It is the normal result of a self-cross where the allele for white is dominant over
the allele for grey hair.
d) The allele for grey is dominant over the allele for white hair and the allele for long
is dominant over the allele for short hair.
e) The allele for grey is dominant over the allele for white hair and the allele for
short hair is dominant over the allele for long hair.
101. During karyotype preparation, the dividing cells are blocked at:
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
e) Interphase
102. A gene pool in a population of jackrabbits in a field remained constant for many
generations. The most probable reason for this stable gene pool is that:
a) No migration occurred in a large population with random mating and no
mutations.
b) No migration occurred in a small population with random mating and no
mutations.

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 c) No migration occurred in a large population and no mutations but mating was
random.
d) There was much migration into and out of the large population, but mating was
random and there were few mutations.
e) The population was small with no mutations, no migrations, and nonrandom
mating.
103. A man with hemophilia marries a woman who has normal hemoglobin and is not
a carrier. Which of the following is true?
a) None of their children will have the disease nor will they be carriers.
b) All the boys will have the disease.
c) All the girls will have the disease.
d) All the boys will be carriers.
e) All the girls will be carriers.

104. Concerning the blood groups, the gene of the ABO system is located on the
chromosome 9 and the gene of the rhesus system is located on the chromosome 1.
What is the genotype of an individual whose Rh is negative and has AB blood type?
a) A//B, Rh-//Rh
b) A//A, B//B, Rh-//Rh
c) A//Rh-, B//Rh
d) A Rh-//B Rh
e) A//B, Rh+//Rh-
105. In the ABO blood group system, the alleles behave as follows:
a) A//A is the genotype of group A which is homozygous
b) A//B is the genotype of group A which is heterozygous
c) A//O is the genotype of group A which is homozygous
d) The two alleles A and O are codominant
e) Allele A is dominant over allele B
106. A man who is heterozygous type A+ married a woman who is heterozygous type
B+. Which of these blood types will their child most probably have?
a) blood type O+
b) blood type A+
c) blood type B+
d) blood type AB+
e) All the above blood types have the same probability of occurrence.

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107. Life started on Earth about 3.8 billion years ago under harsh environmental
conditions. Which type of cell was most probably the first cell ever to form on Earth?
a) prokaryotic and autotroph
b) prokaryotic and heterotroph
c) eukaryotic and photosynthetic
d) eukaryotic and autotrophic
e) prokaryotic and photosynthetic
108. In butterflies, branched veins on wings is dominant over parallel veins, and
orange color is dominant over yellow. If two heterozygous butterflies for these traits
mate, what is the probability of having yellow offspring with branched veins on
wings?
a) 9/16
b) 3/16
c) 16/16
d) 1/16
e) ½
109. In ladybugs, the size of the black spots is determined by a gene. Large spots are
dominant over small spots. In addition, having a curved antenna dominates having
straight ones. If a male ladybug that has large spots and a curved antenna and has a
mother with small spots and a straight antenna is allowed to mate with a female
ladybug having large spots and a straight antenna whose father has small spots,
what will be the probability of having offspring with small spots and a straight
antenna?
a) 1/16
b) 2/16
c) 3/16
d) 4/16
e) 8/16
Notes:
• AaBb x AaBb → 9 (AB) : 3 (Ab) : 3 (aB) : 1 (ab)
• AaBb x Aabb → 6 (AB) : 6 (Ab) : 2 (aB) : 2 (ab)
• BB x bb → 100% Bb , Bb x Bb → 3:1 , Bb x bb → 1:1

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110. The genotype of parents in cross III
a) Both have LL
b) Both have Ls
c) Both have ss
d) One has LL and the other has Ls
e) One has Ls and the other has ss
111. Cross IV is
a) A test cross done between pure long and pure short stem plants
b) A test cross done between pure long and hybrid short stem plants
c) Self cross done between hybrid long and hybrid short stem plants
d) A test cross done between hybrid long and pure short stem plants
e) A test cross done between hybrid long and hybrid short stem plants
112. If one of the plants obtained in cross II is crossed with a plant obtained from cross
I, the result would be
a) 75 % long stem plants (LL) and 25 % short stem plants (ss)
b) 50 % long stem plants (Ls) and 50 % short stem plants (ss)
c) 50 % long stem plants (LL) and 50 % short stem plants (ss)
d) 100 % plants having long stem with genotype (Ls)
e) 100 % plants having short stem with genotype (ss)
113. Although several different species of birds inhabit the farm, competition between
these birds rarely occurs. The best explanation for this lack of competition is that
these birds:
a) Share food with each other
b) Have a limited supply of food
c) Live in different ecological niches
d) Are closely related
e) Have experienced mutations in their DNA that prevent them from competing

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114. The document below represents the normal and the mutant DNA sequence
coding for a protein.
Normal DNA sequence: TAT CAT CCT AAG GTA
Mutant DNA sequence: TAT CAT CGT AAG GTA
The mutation that affects the DNA sequence is:
a) Mutation by substitution
b) Mutation by deletion
c) Mutation by addition
d) Silent mutation due to a deletion mutation
e) Mutation by insertion
115. The germ cell of drosophila has 8 chromosomes, at the end of meiosis I each of
the daughter cells obtained has
a) 8 chromosomes made up of 2 chromatids.
b) 8 chromosomes made up of 1 chromatid.
c) 16 chromosomes made up of 2 chromatids.
d) 4 chromosomes made up of 2 chromatids.
e) 4 chromosomes made up of 1 chromatid.
Notes:
cell has 8 chromosomes mitosis 2 cells, each contains 8 chromosomes (1
chromatid)

cell has 8 chromosomes meisos 1 2 cells, each contains 4 chromosomes (2

chromatids) meiosis 2 4 cells, each contains 4 chromosomes (1 chromatid)

116. If an energy pyramid has 4 step trophic levels and the first step has 700 Kcal
energy, then the amount of energy available at the highest trophic level is
a) 700 kcal
b) 70 kcal
c) 7 kcal
d) 0.7 kcal
e) 0.07 kcal
117. The clownfish live among the sea anemone tentacles. The clownfish protects the
sea anemone by chasing away the attackers, in turn, the sea anemone protects the
clownfish from predators. This type of symbiosis is
a) Parasitism
b) Commensalism

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 c) Mutualism
d) Predation
e) Speciation
118. A solution with a pH of 3 is _____________ times more acidic than one with a pH
of 6.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 10
d) 100
e) 1,000
119. 35% of the nitrogenous bases that form a DNA segment is Guanine, then the
percentages of Thymine is
a) 15 %
b) 35%
c) 30%
d) 70 %
e) 50%
• A genetic condition is controlled by 2 alleles dominant “S” and recessive “s”. This
genetic condition affects only homozygous recessive individuals. In a population of
size 10,000, there are 36 affected individuals.
120. The frequency of q is
a) 94 %
b) 6%
c) 0.36%
d) 88.36%
e) 11.28 %
121. The frequency of p is
a) 6 %
b) 0.36 %
c) 11.28 %
d) 94 %
e) 88.36 %
122. The frequency of SS (homozygous dominant)
a) 0.36%
b) 88.36%
c) 94 %
d) 6%

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 e) 11.28 %
123. The frequency of ss (homozygous recessive)
a) 88.36%
b) 11.28 %
c) 94 %
d) 6%
e) 0.36%
124. The frequency of Ss (hybrid)
a) 6%
b) 0.36%
c) 88.36%
d) 11.28 %
e) 94 %
125. The heterotroph hypothesis states
a) First cells on Earth were anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
b) First cells on Earth were aerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
c) First cells on Earth were anaerobic heterotrophic eukaryotes
d) First cells on Earth were aerobic autotrophic prokaryotes
e) First cells on Earth were aerobic autotrophic eukaryotes
126. Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of Streptococcus
aureus bacteria to which radioactive thymine has been added. What would happen if
a cell replicates once in the presence of this radioactive base?
a) One of the daughter cells, but not the other, would have radioactive DNA.
b) Neither of the two daughter cells would be radioactive.
c) All four bases of the DNA would be radioactive.
d) Radioactive thymine would pair with nonradioactive guanine.
e) DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive
127. ATP is produced during which of the following processes?
I. Photosynthesis
II. II. Aerobic respiration
III. III.Fermentation
a) I only
b) II only
c) I and III only
d) II and III only
e) I, II, and III

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128. The ABO blood type system is a system that codes for agglutinogen at the level of
red blood cells thus determining the blood type. Blood transfusions are conducted in
several cases such as bleeding. The possible transfusion according to the ABO blood
type system is
a) A→AB
b) AB→A
c) A→O
d) AB→O
e) AB →B
129. A man with Klinefelter’s syndrome (or Down) has 47 chromosomes and has three
sex chromosomes, XXY. This abnormality came about as a result of
a) crossing-over.
b) a deletion of a chromosome.
c) an addition of a chromosome.
d) nondisjunction.
e) a mutation in a gene.

Dicot Stem

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