CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE

ARTS FROM THE REGION

Competency: 1. Evaluates contemporary art forms

based on the elements and principles.

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

• recall the National Artists of the Philippines and their artworks;

• illustrate the elements and principles of art;
• evaluate the artworks of National Artists of the Philippines and other
contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles of arts; and
• appreciate contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles
of arts.

Lesson Overview

Elements and principles of art are being introduced in Module 1: Arts

in the Philippines. In module 1, the elements and principles of art is
introduced to describe the various contemporary art forms from the regions
of the Philippines generally from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The
elements of art are space, line, shape and form, color, value, and
texture. Meanwhile, the principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety,
movement, rhythm, balance, and emphasis. Now, let’s discuss this
elements and principles of art further.

Elements of Art
1. Line
An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines,
also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on
a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and
forms. Line may come in two characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or
broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different
characteristics of lines may convey different meanings:

a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability.

b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability.
c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action.
d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction.
e) Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of
direction.
 f) Moreover, lines can be classified into different types:
a) Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette.
b) Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and
the interior detail.
c) Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures
of an active figure.
d) Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or
impression of a place.
e) Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or
lettering done by hand.
f) Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn
but created by a group of objects seen from a
distance.

2. Shape
Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines.
Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and
width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are
geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive shapes,
negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes.
a) Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, rectangles,
triangles, and other geometric shapes.
b) Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are
free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract
shapes).
c) Positive Shapes are the solid forms in a design.
d) Negative Shapes are the space around the positive shape.
e) Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and resting.
f) Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving
and active.

3. Color
Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted
through a prism. Colors we see in nature are reflections of light on the
surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors,
secondary colors, tertiary colors, analogous, colors, complementary
colors, monochromatic colors, warm colors, and cool colors.

a) Primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.

b) Secondary colors are the resulting colors when the two of the
primary colors are mix. The secondary colors are purple, green,
and orange.
c) Tertiary colors are the resulting colors when two of the primary
and/or secondary colors are mix. The tertiary colors are amber,
 vermilion, magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse.
d) Analogous Colors are colors that lie nest to each other based on the
color wheel. Example of analogous colors are yellow, orange, and
red.
e) Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other
based on the color wheel. Examples of complementary colors are
red and green, blue and orange, and purple and yellow.

f) Monochromatic Colors are several values of one color.

g) Warm colors are colors that give the feeling of warmth. The warm
colors are yellow, amber, orange, vermilion, red, and magenta.
h) Cool colors are colors that give the feeling of coolness. The cool
colors are purple, violet, blue, teal, green, and chartreuse.
4. Space
Space refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of
a piece and refers to the arrangement of objects on the picture plane (two-
dimensional). In visual arts, space may either be positive space or negative
space. Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape.
Meanwhile, negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is
enclosing. Moreover, perspective is a technical means by which we perceive
distance in painting, by which we are made to see the position of objects in
space.

https://www.flickr.com/photos
/littlemaiba/31094230650/in/ photolist-PnG4t1-dev9sq

a) In one-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at one

point on the horizontal line.
b) In two-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at two
points on the horizontal line.
5. Texture
Texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on
things- rough or smooth, bumpy or slippery. It is the
character of the surface of an artwork.
a) Real texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist
may create real texture in art to give it visual interest
or evoke a feeling.
b) Implied texture made a piece of art to look like a
certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may
look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of
paper.
6. Value
Value pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork.
Value can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these
described as tint and shade.
a) Tint pertains to the lightness of a color.
b) Shade pertains to the darkness of a color.
7. Form
Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height,
width, and length.

According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools
that the artist uses to create a composition. Consequently, principles of art
represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey
the artist's intent.
Principles of Art

1. Rhythm
This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern.

2. Movement
Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.

3. Balance
Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the
even distribution of positions of elements in an artwork. The
principle of balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
a) Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its
both sides has the same elements in the same position.
b) Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is
balance through the contrast or differences of any of
the elements of art.
4. Proportion
Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in
a body of work.
5. Contrast
This principle shows differences between elements of art in
an artwork. It shows how stronger each element of art in
relation to one another.
6. Variety
This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different
elements used in an artwork to make it more interesting.
7. Emphasis
 Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a
certain element in an artwork.
8. Harmony
This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is
about the arrangement of the related elements that makes
an artwork to be viewed as a whole.

These elements and principles of arts are very important aspects in

understanding and appreciating arts. It helps an artist to make an artistic
artwork which conveys their essential ideas or their intent. However, it is not
just served as a help to artists but also to the viewers. Through the elements
and principles of art present in an artwork, viewers will be able to
understand, appreciate, and evaluate an artwork. Hence, we will apply
elements and principles of art in evaluating artworks.
Evaluation of Artworks Based on Elements and Principles of Art

This artwork was made by the National Artist of

the Philippines in Visual Arts Hernando Ocampo
entitled “Genesis”. According to Rafhael Piola
(2015), “some of the elements that could be seen in
this canvass, in my own opinion, would be lines
(curved), shape (amorphic), light, and color. As for its
principles of design and in my own opinion, some of the
principles visible to this canvass would be variety in
terms of its colors, and balance (asymmetrical),
Redraw by Mervin Meude
emphasis (focal point). Through the elements and
principles

that I have seen through this illustration, personally, I

would interpret it as a very strong yet positive canvass
because of its colors.
 With the color of red, for me it means that there is passion and dedication that the
painter wants me to feel and I could also see a yellow color meaning happiness and
positive vibes. As for its lines, it is curvy yet it is thin meaning it is flowing in a very
calm state…”. This artwork of Hernando Ocampo was also assessed by Ambeth R.
Ocampo through the online platform of Philippine Daily Inquirer. According to
Ambeth Ocampo (2013), “with proper lighting, “Genesis” glows with the intensity
of red-hot embers and emanating from its three-dimensional center are what seem
to be claws or tongues of fire reaching out to the viewer”.

Appreciation to this artwork of Hernando Ocampo by the viewers or

other artists maybe similar or maybe different in some aspects. It is based
on how they perceive the artwork with the help of elements and principles of
arts or other factors that can influence them to appreciate or understand it.

Overall, elements and principles of art are a must in learning and

comprehending arts especially Philippine arts. Hence, if you are a student
engage to arts or have an interest to arts, use these elements and principles
of arts wisely in creating your unique and artistic pieces of art.
Activity 1- Applying Understanding in Elements and Principles of Art
These are the guidelines in doing the activity.
1. In doing the activity, you should illustrate four elements of art
and four principles of art based on your understanding about the
lesson. The four elements of art that you will illustrate are line,
color, shape, and space; while the four principles of art that you will
illustrate are rhythm, contrast, harmony, and balance.
2. The materials needed in this activity are pencil, coloring materials,
markers, erasure, ruler, and other art materials.
3. You will use the provided activity sheet with indicated borderline.
4. The upper four sections on the provided bond paper correspond to
the four elements of art, while the lower four sections correspond to
the four principles of art that you will illustrate.
5. After you finish your artwork, take a picture of it and send it to your
teacher via FB messenger or Google Classroom on the prescribed
submission deadline set by your teacher.
In appraising your output in this activity, this rubric will be used:
Criteria 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points
Instructions The learner The learner The learner The learner
and followed all followed 4 followed 3 followed 2
Concepts the guidelines guidelines only guidelines guidelines
and did the and did the only and did only and did
activity in activity in the activity in the activity in
reference to reference to 5- reference to reference to
all the 6 elements 3-4 elements 1-2 elements
elements and and principles and and
principles of of arts. principles of principles of
arts. arts. arts.
Craftmanshi The output The output The output The output
p shows art shows art shows art shows art
making skills making skills in making skills making skills
in illustrating illustrating 3 in illustrating in illustrating
4 elements and 3 2 1
elements and principles of elements and element and
4 arts only. 2 1
principles of principles of principle of
arts. arts only. arts only.
Creativity The output The output The output The output
 and shows unique shows unique shows unique shows
Originalit and creative and creative and creative unique and
y illustration of illustration of 3 illustration of creative
4 elements and 3 2 illustration
elements and principles of elements and of 1
4 arts only. 2 element and
principles of principles of 1
arts. arts only. principle of
arts only.

Activity 2- Analyzing the Elements and Principles of Art

Directions: Appreciate and evaluate the given artwork of the National Artists of the
Philippines below by answering the questions reference to the elements and
principles of art. Each question is worth 2 points. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.

1. A painting of “Sabel” by Benedicto Cabrera

a) How do the forms in this artwork make you
feel?
b) What part of the composition the artist wants
to emphasize?
c) How does the emphasis creates mood or
emotion in the artwork?

https://www.flickr.com/photos/faun070/1
4727920560/in/photolist-u6Ht2R-orsrEQ

2. Bagong Taon by Arturo Luz

a) What mood, emotion, or idea does the
element of line created in the artwork?
b) What principle of art is evident in the
artwork? Why?

https://www.flickr.com/photos/pierremm/
4261934577/in/photolist-7uBwED-P3pfs

In appraising your answers for each question, this analytic rubric will be used:

Criteria 1 point No point

Relevanc The answer is connected The answer is not connected at
e to the all
given artwork. to the given artwork.
Understanding The answer is in reference to The answer is not in reference
of the the to
Concepts indicated element or principle the indicated element or
of art in the question. principle of art in the question.
 Activity 3- Principle of Art in Photography
Goal The learner will capture an image depicting the daily lives of
a typical Filipino showing at least four principles of art.
Role The learner is a creative photographer that will use arts in
depicting
daily lives of a Filipino.
Audience Parents and Senior High School students of Parañ aque City
Situation In the time of suffering, disaster, or pandemic, a
courageous heart is a must in waking up every day. In
relation to this, how a typical Filipino live, cope, and
survive his/her life in this those times shows what the
Filipino spirit is. Hence, as a student, let’s appreciate the
Filipino spirit evident in our daily lives through arts.
Product A photo depicting daily lives of a typical Filipino
Performanc integrating at least four principles of art.
e
Standards The learner will follow the guidelines in making the activity
and the
rubric provided.

These are the guidelines in doing the activity:

1. In this activity, you will capture an image depicting daily lives of a typical
Filipino.
2. The image that you will capture should show the principles of art.
3. You will choose at least four principles of art that you will show in the image
that
you will capture.
4. The material needed in this activity is any available smartphone with camera
or any available digital camera. There is no specific camera quality required
in
this activity.
5. The date and time when you captured the image should be indicated in the
picture itself.
6. After capturing the needed image, send it to your teacher via FB messenger
or Google
classroom on the prescribed submission deadline by your teacher. Indicate
your name
and section on the bottom of the captured image.
7. After the teacher gave his/her rating to your photo, share your photograph to
the
FB messenger classroom.
In appraising your output, this rubric will be used:
 Criteria 10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points
Project Captured Captured Captured Captured
Requirement image image image image
s reflects at reflects only reflects only reflects only
least four 3 principles 2 principles 1 principle
principles of of arts only. of arts only. of arts only.
arts. Follow Follow 5 Follow 4 Follow 3
all the guidelines guidelines guidelines
Answer key:guidelines. only. only. only.
Creativity and The image The image The image The image
Activity 1-
Originality was originally was originally was originally was
and and and originally and
creatively creatively creatively creatively
captured and captured and captured and captured and
integrated at integrated integrated integrated
least 4 only 3 only 2 only 1
principles of principles of principles of principle of
art. art. art. art.
Answers may vary.

Activity 2-
Answers may vary.
Activity 3-
Answers may vary.
References
Marder, L. (2019). The 7 principles of art and design. Retrieved July 11, 2020
from https://www.liveabout.com/principles-of-art-and-design-
2578740#:~:text=The%20elements%20of%20art%20are,help%20convey%20the
%20artist's%20intent.
Piola, R. (2015). Some of the finest work of art made by Filipinos. Retrieved July
11, 2020 from https://medium.com/@rafhaelpiola/some-of-the-finest-work-of-art-
made-by-filipinos-9f8d1130cf05
Ocampo, A. (2013). The real H.R. Ocampo stands up. Retrieved July 11, 2020
from https://opinion.inquirer.net/55307/the-real-h-r-ocampo-stands-
up#ixzz3SpvieTDv
Sandagan, L. & Sayseng, A. (2016). Contemporary Philippine arts from the
Regions.
Pasay City, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services. ISBN