Kalaignan 2010

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 6

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/279881444

Harmonic elimination by Shunt active filter using PI controller

Conference Paper · December 2010


DOI: 10.1109/ICCIC.2010.5705800

CITATIONS READS

16 114

2 authors, including:

Sree Renga Raja Thangaswamy


Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli
64 PUBLICATIONS 182 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Sree Renga Raja Thangaswamy on 04 April 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.




Harmonic Elimination By Shunt Active Filter Using PI Controller

Parithimar kalaignan.T1, Sree Renga Raja.T2


Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Research scholar, Anna University of Technology.Tiruchirapalli,Tamilnadu,India1
Anna University of Technology Tiruchirappalli ,Tamilnadu,India 2
(e-mail:parithi_t@yahoo.co.in)

Abstract -This paper deals with an innovating Shunt active II. MODELLING OF STANDARD ACTIVE FILTER
filter with PI controller for harmonic elimination . Active filter
provide a viable solution to mitigating harmonic issues caused by Harmonics provide main problems in network like
the non linear loads .The active filter compensates the reactive and power losses and excess heat. Thus, harmonic elimination
harmonic currents drawn by the non-linear loads besides power seems to be vital. Nowadays, active power filters (APF)
factor correction .The objective is to study different control play effective role in distortion recognition and elimination
strategies for real time compensating current. PI controller reduces
[3]. These filters are classified with respect to distortion
the ripple voltage of DC capacitor of Pulse width modulated
voltage source inverter. The switching angles can be determined
determination strategy, inverter control techniques, inverter
using PI controller to suppress the harmonics. It is shown through topologies and their connection types to the grid. The active
simulation that the proposed active filter can achieve high overall filter compensates the harmonics generated by nonlinear
system performance. loads by generating the same harmonic components in the
Keywords – Shunt active filter , PI controller Harmonics, opposite phase. External active filters are most suited to
Hysterisis Current controller. multiple small drives.[4]

 I.INTRODUCTION Conduction and switching losses of diodes and IGBTs


in inverters increase voltage ripple in DC-link which affects
Since the demand for non-linear loads (e.g. computers, the performance of the filter. These effects controlled by a
power electronic inverters and induction furnace) feedback loop where PI regulator compares the DC-link
necessitates investigations about stability maintenance, voltage with a reference voltage to extract d component of
continuous energy serving and power quality considering current. In this approach, reference frame algorithm is used
economic concerns. Non-linear loads result in voltage and due to simplicity in calculation and implementation.
current harmonics in distribution network. Harmonics Having measured three-phase currents in a-b-c orientation,
provide main problems in network like power losses and transformed to d-q-o by park equation. Reference frame
excess heat. Thus, harmonic elimination seems to be vital. rotates synchronous with fundamental currents.[5]
Nowadays, active power filters (APF) play effective role in Therefore, time variant currents with fundamental
distortion recognition and elimination.[1],[2] A filter is a frequencies would be constant after transformation.
circuit that is designed to pass a specified band of However, harmonics with different speeds remain time
frequencies while attenuating all the signals outside that variant in this frame. Thus, currents would be separate
band. The simulation circuit will include all realistic simultaneously to DC and AC parts. Fig.1 shows the
components of the system. This enables the calculation of synchronous d-q-0 reference frame based compensation
currents and voltages in different parts of the overall system. algorithm.[6]
Study of hysteresis control schemes based on unipolar dq0 to abc 2nd order filter abc to dq0 1
PWM and also Park’s transformation has been done. Having
measured three-phase currents in a-b-c orientation, dq0 abc Freq
transformed to d-q-o by park transformation. A hysteresis 
band current control based on unipolar PWM has also been 1
abc sin_cos sin_
 cos
designed for the closed loop operation of the system. An dq0 
sin_cos
inverter contains electronic switches .It is possible to control
the output voltage as well as optimize the harmonics by
performing multiple switching within the inverter with the 2
vdc
PI
constant dc input voltage vd.
200
Fig .1 Reference Extraction Circuit

978-1-4244-5967-4/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE





AC part of d axis and whole current in q axis are used for currents) is controlled in hypothetical control band
harmonics elimination and VAR compensation. Zero current surrounding reference current [10],[11].
is produced due to a three-phase voltage imbalance or
waveform distortions which have not been considered in IV . HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROL BASED ON
this paper. Finally, compensated currents are determined by UNIPOLAR PWM
adverse park application on d and q axis to be injected to the In Fig.3.hysteresis current control based on unipolar
network Discrete virtual PLL (phase locked loop) [7] loop PWM, there are two upper bands and lower bands in order
has no input signal. This block simulates the outputs of an to change the slope of inverter output current based on their
actual PLL by using the parameters specified like frequency, level voltages, +Vo, 0 and -Vo. The idea is to keep the
speed. Reference frame rotates synchronous with current within the main area but the second upper and lower
fundamental currents. Therefore, time variant currents with bands are to change the voltage level in order to increase or
fundamental frequencies would be constant after decrease the di,/dt of inverter output current.
transformation. However, harmonics with different speeds In hysteresis-band current control the actual current
remain time variant in this frame. Finally, compensated tracks the command current within a hysteresis band. In this
currents are determined by adverse park application on d approach a sine reference current wave is compared to the
and q axis to be injected to the network. Thus the new actual phase current wave. As the current exceeds a
currents id, iq and i0 can be expressed in terms actual three- prescribed hysteresis band, the upper switch in the half-
phase currents ia , ib , ic [12] [13] . bridge is turned off and the lower switch is turned on. As
Zero sequence quantities are not transformed and thus the current goes below the hysteresis band, the opposite
the required transformation is only from D, E to d-q axes. As switching takes place.[16]
the rotor moves, the axes (i.e.D, E windings) also revolve
along with it. By the revolving axes on the rotor, it is meant V. IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE FILTER MODEL
that these axes are moving with respect to the stator. WITH CONTROL TECHNIQUE

III. PI CONTROLLER Fig. 2 shows the open loop configuration of active filter
In control engineering, a PI Controller (proportional- model. The overall model is without control technique for
integral controller) is a feedback controller which drives the harmonics reduction and it’s a uncompensated system as
plant to be controlled with a weighted sum of the error shown below.
(difference between the output and desired set point) and the
integral of that value.[15]
Reference currents are generated by DC to AC
converters using a current control technique such as a
hysteresis control. The hysteresis band is used to control
load currents and determine switching signals for inverters
gates. [8],[9],[10].Suitable stability, fast response, high
accuracy, simple operation, inherent current peak limitation
and load parameters variation independency make the
hysteresis current control as one of the best current control
methods of voltage source inverters. In this approach the
current error, (difference between the reference and inverter
currents) is controlled in hypothetical control band
surrounding reference current .

When the load current exceeds the upper band, the
comparator output activated so the output voltage is
changed in such a way to decrease the load current and keep
it between the bands and deactivated at lower limit.
Switching frequency varies with respect to distance between
upper and lower band. The other parameters like inverter-
network inductance and DC link voltage affect significantly
on the switching frequency. The inverter can be controlled
in unipolar or bipolar PWM method. In this approach the
current error, (difference between the reference and inverter Fig. 2. Simulink model of open loop active filter configuration




Subsytem1

Fig. 3 Hysteresis current control based on unipolar PWM. Fig. 5. Active Filter Configuration using hysteresis current
control based unipolar PWM.

To compensate the harmonics distortion by applying the VI . SIMULATION RESULTS


current control technique[14] an active filter with voltage
source inverter is shown in fig. 4. This chapter deals with the simulation results of Active
Filter Configuration. The system built in Simulink for an
active filter configuration has been tested with non linear
load using hysteresis current control based on unipolar
PWM.

Subsystem 2

Fig. 4 Active filter with voltage source inverter Fig. 6. Active and Reactive Power Harmonics waveforms




Fig. 7 .Closed Loop Active and Reactive Power Fig.10FFT waveforms analysis before compensation
waveforms


Fig. 8. Generation of Pulse by using Hysteresis Current Fig. 11 FFT waveforms analysis after compensation
Control based on Unipolar PWM technique

VII. CONCLUSION

A detailed Simulink model for compensation of system


harmonics as being developed using a unipolar PWM used
in hysteresis current control for active power filters based on
time and magnitude errors control in order to improve the
quality of output current and switching losses. The
simulation results shows that for a same THD (total
harmonic distortion) unipolar modulation has lower
switching losses. Power quality improvement can be
achieved in a distribution network using this control
approach in active power filters.

Fig. 9 Closed Loop Harmonics




REFERENCES

[1] Sasan Zabihi and Firuz zare Member IEEE , “ Active [11] Fang Zheng Peng & Jih-Sheng Lai , “ Generalized
Power filters with unipolar Pulse width modulation to Instantaneous reactive power theory for three phase
reduce Switching losses”, 2006 International conference power systems “, IEEE Transactions on Instrument and
on Power system technology. measurement 1996.
[2] B.Singh ,K.Al-Haddad, and A.chandra ,” A review of [12] Joao Afonso, carlos Couto, Julio Martins “ Active filters
active filters for power quality improvement,”IEEE with control Based on p-q theory “- IEEE Industrial
Transactions on Industrial electronics , vol46 no.5,pp, Electronics Society letter—2000.
960-971,Oct-1999 [13] Leszek S.Czarnecki” Instantaneous Reactive power p-q
[3] Zare, F.Zabihi,S.Ledwich G,”An Adaptive hysteresis theory and Power properties of Three-Phase systems”-
current control for a multilevel inverter used in Active IEEE Transactions on Power electronics .Vol 21. No1.
Power Filter,Power electronics and applications “, 2007 pp362-367, 2006.
European conference,2-5 September 2007,pp-1-8. [14] Brod D.M. Novotny D.M. “Current control of VSI-PWM
[4] Davood yazdani, Alireza Bakhshai and Praveen K.Jain “ A Inverter –IEEE Transactions on Industry applications, Vol
Three- phase Adaptive Notch filter based Approach to IA-21 ,pp562-570 1985.
Harmonic /Reactive current extraction and harmonic [15] Karuppanan P and Kamal Kanta Mahapatra “PI with
decomposition,”IEEE Transactions on Power electronics , Instantaneous Power theory based shunt APLC for power
Vol 25. No.4,pp. 914-922, April 2010 quality “,.National conference on Emerging technological
[5] Charles.S.Member, IACSIT,G.Bhuvaneswari ,Senior Trends (NCETT-2010).
member IEEE,” Comparison of Three phase shunt Active [16] E.H.Watanabe , R.M ,Stephan , M.Aredes,” New concepts
Power Filter algorithms “, International Journal of of Instantaneous Active and Reactive powers in Electrical
Computer and Electrical Engineering ,vol 2, No.1, systems with Generic loads “ – IEEE Trans . Power
February 2010 1793-8163.pp-175-199 delivery 1993.
[6] Ambrish Chandra,Bhimsingh,B.N.Singh and Kamal Al-
Haddad,2000,” An improved control algorithm of Shunt
Active filter for voltage regulation, Harmonic elimination
Power factor correction ,and balancing of non-linear
loads” IEEE Transactions on Power electronics Vol 15
,pp-495-507.
[7] C.L.Trujillo,D.Velasco,G.Gacera,E.Figueres, O.Carranza
“Analysis of Active Islanding methods for single phase
inverters” ,International conference on renewable energies
and Power quality Granada(Spain) 23rd to 25th March
2010.
[8] Bimal K.Bose “ An Adaptive Hysteresis band current
control technique of a voltage fed PWM inverter for
machine drives system”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
electronics , Vol.37, No.5, October 1990.
[9] S.R.Bowes, S.Grewah,D.Holliday “ A Novel adaptive
hysteresis band modulation strategy for three phase
inverters” IEEE Proceedings on Power applications ,
Vol.148,No.1 , Jan 2001.
[10] K.Murat, O.Engin,” An adaptive hysteresis band current
controller for Shunt Active Power Filter ,”Elsevier Electric
Power systems Research 73(2005) pp-113-119.

View publication stats

You might also like