ISSN (e): 2250 3005 || Vol, 04 || Issue, 5 || May 2014 ||

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)

www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 41
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
Kavita Dewangan
1,
Prof. Pawan C. Tapre
2

1 SSTC (SSGI), Junwani, Bhilai and 490001, India
2 Prof. of SSTC (SSGI), Junwani, Bhilai and 490001, India


















I. INTRODUCTION
Now a days power electronic based equipment are used in industrial and domestic purpose. These equipments
have significant impacts on the quality of supplied voltage and have increased the harmonic current pollution of distribution
systems. They have many negative effects on power system equipment and customer, such as additional losses in overhead
and underground cables, transformers and rotating electric machines, problem in the operation of the protection systems,
over voltage and shunt capacitor, error of measuring instruments, and malfunction of low efficiency of customer sensitive
loads. Passive filter have been used traditionally for mitigating the distortion due to harmonic current in industrial power
systems. But they have many drawbacks such as resonance problem, dependency of their performance on the system
impedance, absorption of harmonic current of nonlinear load, which could lead to further harmonic propagation through the
power system.
To overcome of such problem active power filters is introduced. It has no such drawbacks like passive filter. They
inject harmonic voltage or current with appropriate magnitudes and phase angle into the system and cancel harmonics of
nonlinear loads. But it has also some drawbacks like high initial cost and high power losses due to which it limits there wide
application, especially with high power rating system.
To minimize these limitations, hybrid power filter have been introduced and implemented in practical system
applications. Shunt hybrid filter is consists of an active filter which is connected in series with the passive filter and with a
three phase PWM inverter. This filter effectively mitigates the problem of a passive and active filter. It provides cost
effective harmonic compensation, particularly for high power nonlinear load.

II. SHUNT HYBRID POWER FILTER
2.1 Introduction
Hybrid filters provide cost-effective harmonic compensation particularly for high-power nonlinear load. A parallel
hybrid power filter system consists of a small rating active filter in series with a passive filter. The active filter is controlled
to act as a harmonic compensator for the load by confining all the harmonic currents into the passive filter. This eliminates
the possibility of series and parallel resonance.
The schematic diagram of the shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF) is presented in Fig.1. The scheme contains the
three phase supply voltage, three phase diode rectifier and the filtering system consists of a small-rating active power filter
connected in series with the LC passive filter. This configuration of hybrid filter ensures the compensation of the source
current harmonics by enhancing the compensation characteristics of the passive filter besides eliminating the risk of
resonance. It provides effective compensation of current harmonics and limited supply voltage distortion. The hybrid filter is
controlled such that the harmonic currents of the nonlinear loads flow through the passive filter and that only the
fundamental frequency component of the load current is to be supplied by the ac mains.
ABSTRACT:
This project report presents design, simulation and development of passive shunt filter and shunt
hybrid power filter (SHPF) for mitigation of the power quality problem at ac mains in ac-dc power
supply feeding to a nonlinear load. The power filter is consisting of a shunt passive filter connected in
series with an active power filter. At first passive filter has been designed to compensate harmonics.
The drawback associated with the passive filter like fixed compensation characteristics and resonance
problem is tried to solve by SHPF. Simulations for a typical distribution system with a shunt hybrid
power filter have been carried out to validate the presented analysis. Harmonic contents of the source
current has been calculated and compared for the different cases to demonstrate the influence of
harmonic extraction circuit on the harmonic compensation characteristic of the shunt hybrid power
filter.

Keywords: active power filter, alternating current, direct curren, harmonic compensation, modeling,
Shunt passive filter, shunt hybrid power filter,
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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Fig.1Schematic diagram of 3-phase SHPF Supplying power to Nonlinear Load

2.2 Modeling of the SHPF

2.2.1 Model in a-b-c reference frame:
Kirchhoffs law of voltage and currents applied to this system provide three differential equations in the
stationary a-b-c frame (for k = 1, 2, 3)

Differentiating (1) we get

Assume that the zero sequence current is absent in a three phase system and the source voltages are balanced, so
we obtain:

We can define the switching function C
k
of the converter k
th
leg as being the binary state of the two switches S
k

and S

k
. Hence, the switching C
k
(for k = 1, 2, 3) is defined as
C
k
= 1, if S
k
is On and S

k
is Off ,
C
k
= 0, if S
k
is Off and S

k
is On. (4)
Thus, with V
kM
= C
k
V
dc
, and from (4), the following relation is obtained:

Let the Switching state function be defined as

The value of q
nk
depends on the switching state n and on the phase k. This shows the interaction between the
three phases. Conversion from [C
k
] to [q
nk
] is as follows

Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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Hence we got the relation as

The matrix in (10) is of rank 2 q
nk
has no zero sequence components. By the analysis of the dc component of the
system it gives

With the absence of zero sequence components in i
k
and q
nk
one can gets

Hence the complete model of the active filter in a-b-c reference frame is obtained as follows
The application of (5) for phase 1 and 2 with (13)



The above model is time varying and nonlinear in nature.

2.2.2 Model Transformation in to d-q reference frame:

Since the steady state fundamental components are sinusoidal, the system is transformed into the synchronous
orthogonal frame rotating at constant supply frequency. The conversion matrix is

where = t, and the following equalities hold:

Now (13) is

Applying coordination transformation

On the other hand, the two first equations in (13) are written as

The reduced matrix can be used

It has the following inverse

Apply this transformation into (17)
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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With the following matrix differential property


Now the following relation is derived:

Now the complete model in the d-q frame is obtained from (16) and (23)



The model is time invarient during a given switching state.

2.3 Harmonic current control


(25)


Now the transfer function of the model is:

Transfer function of the P-I controller is given as

The closed loop transfer function of the current loop is

The control loop of the current i
q
is shown in the fig.2 below and the control law is

Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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Fig.2 Control loop of the current.
Note that the inputs q
nd
and q
nq
consist of a nonlinearity cancellation part and a linear decoupling compensation
part.

2.4 Regulation of DC voltage
The active filter produces a fundamental voltage which is in-phase with fundamental leading current of
the passive filter. A small amount of active power is formed due to the leading current and fundamental voltage
of the passive filter and it delivers to the dc capacitor. Therefore, the electrical quantity adjusted by the dc-
voltage controller is consequently i
q
*
1
. To maintain V
dc
equal to its reference value, the losses through the active
filters resistive-inductive branches will be compensated by acting on the supply current.



Fig.3 Control loop of the voltage
From (24) we can deduced to

An equivalent u
dc
is defined as
u
dc
= q
nq
i
q
----------------------(32)

Hence the reactive current of the active filter is

Now assume
q
nq
v
dc

v
Mq
and q
nd
v
dc
v
Md
hence

the q axes active filter voltage V
Mq
is given by
V
Mq
= Z
PF1
i
q
*
1

Where Z
PF1
is the impedance of the passive filter at 50 Hz and i
q
*
1
is a dc component.
The control effort of the dc-voltage loop is

The three phase filter current are expressed as
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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The fundamental filter rms current I
c
is given by

The laplace form of the control effort can be derived as follows:

The outer control loop of the dc voltage is shown in Fig. To regulate dc voltage V
dc,
the error
is passing through a P-I type controller given by

hence the closed loop transfer function is

Where
nv
is the outer loop natural angular frequency and is the damping factor.
The transfer functions of Fig. is

The proportional k
1
and integral k
2
gains are then obtained as:



III. SIMULATION RESULT
The shunt hybrid power filter which is connected to a non-linear load is simulated by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The scheme is first simulated without any filter to find out the THD of the
supply current. Then it is simulated with the hybrid filter to observe the difference in THD of supply current.

3.1 Simulation response without filter

Fig.4 Wave forms of Supply Voltage (V) without filter.
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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Fig.5 Wave forms of Supply Current (A) without filter

Fig.6 Wave forms of Load current (A) without filter.

Fig.7 Wave forms of Supply Voltage (V) and Current (A) without filter.

Fig.7 shows the supply voltage and current without filter, we can see that the current is not in phase with the voltage.

3.2 Simulation response with shunt hybrid power filter

Fig.8 Wave forms of Supply Voltage (V) with hybrid filter.

Fig.9 Wave forms of Supply Current (A) with hybrid filter.

Fig.10 Wave forms of Supply Voltage and Current with hybrid filter.

Fig.11 Wave forms of filter Current (A) With hybrid Filter
Harmonic Reduction by Using Shunt Hybrid Power Filter
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Fig.12 Wave forms of Load Current (A) with hybrid filter.

Fig.8-Fig.12 represents the simulation responses by using hybrid filter. Here we can see that in Fig.9 the supply
current harmonic is quite reduced, but in the current is in phase with the voltage.

IV. CONCLUSION
This project work presents design of shunt hybrid power filter for a distribution system. The hybrid
filter reduces the harmonics as compare to open loop response. This hybrid filter is tested and verified using
MATLAB program. The implemented for three phase shunt hybrid power filter. Here non-linear load
implemented. The harmonic current control and DC-capacitor voltage can be regulated under-linear loads. We
obtained it from the simulation responses. The shunt hybrid power filter is verified with the simulation results.
Hence we obtained comparative results by using these SHPF and without filter. The comparative simulation
result presented in the table-1 and simulation parameter represented in table-2
Table-1
Nonlinear Load
Currents THD(%) before compensation THD(%) before compensation
Without filter With hybrid filter
Supply Current 23.24 8.51
Load Current 23.24 11.11
Filter Current NIL 43.14

Hence we got the simulation responses for nonlinear load. In nonlinear load the THD is compensated from
23.24% to 8.51SHPF which is represented in Table 1.
Table-2
Specification Parameters
Phase voltage and frequency V
s
=230v(rms), f
s
=50Hz
Supply /line inductance L
sa
=L
sb
=L
sc
=4 mH
Rectifier front-end inductance L
la
=L
lb
=L
lc
=30 mH
For V-S Type Load resistance, load capacitance R
L
=20 , C
L
=500 F
Passive filter parameters L
pf
=14 mH, C
pf
= 24 F
Inverter dc- bus voltage and capacitance V
dc
=50v, C
dc
=3000 F
Controller Parameter K
p
=300, K
i
=0.007

V. 5 SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK
Experimental investigations can be done on shunt hybrid power filter by developing a prototype model
in the laboratory to verify the simulation results for P-I Controller.
Experimental investigations can be done on shunt hybrid power filter by developing a prototype model
in the laboratory to verify the simulation results for hysteresis controllers.
For the further experiment a smith controller used for the best result.
Again For the further experiment a PID Controller used for the best result.
In this thesis not consideration of the signal time delay, now Further investigation of the consideration
of the signal time delay.

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