Statistics XI-XII

RvZxq wkÿvµg
2012
cwimsL¨vb
GKv`k I Øv`k †kªwY
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©

1. m~Pbv
1.1 †h‡Kvb Kvh©Kª‡gi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Gi myôz cwiKíbvi Dci| wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi Giƒc cwiKíbvB wk¶vµg|
wk¶v_x©‡ì AvMÖn, cÖeYZv, mvg_©¨, AwfÁZv I wkLb Pvwn`v‡K mgš^q K‡i Ges mgvR, †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK cwiw¯’wZ
we‡ePbvq †i‡L cÖYxZ nq wbw`©ó wk¶vµg| Kx, †Kb, wKfv‡e, †K, Kvi mn‡hvwMZvq, Kx w`‡q, †Kv_vq, KZ mgq a‡i
wkÿv_x© wkL‡e Ges hv wk‡L‡Q Zv wKfv‡e hvPvB Kiv n‡e Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi wk¶vµ‡g _v‡K| wk¶vi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨,
wkLbdj, welqe¯‘, wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv-GmeB wk¶vµ‡gi cÖwZcv`¨ welq| wk¶vµ‡gi
wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jvK cÖYxZ nq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx| G wkÿvKªg‡K AveZ©b K‡iB †h‡Kv‡bv ¯Í‡ii
wkÿv eë¯’vi Kg©KvÐ cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| Avi G Kvi‡YB wk¶vµg‡K wk¶v Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi bxj-bKkv ejv n‡q _v‡K|
1.2 wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, Dbœqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvq avivevwnK cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Pjgvb
wk¶vµ‡gi mejZv-`ye©jZv I Dc‡hvwMZv wbY©q Kiv nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ †hgb mgv‡Ri cwieZ©b NU‡Q, ‡Zgwb Ávb-
weÁvb I cÖhyw³i `ªæZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| Gm‡ei d‡j wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b I
bevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶vµg hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLv Avek¨K| Avevi hLb cy‡iv‡bv wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mg‡qi Pvwn`v c~iY
m¤¢e nq bv, ZLb bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq|
2. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi †hŠw³KZv
2.1 gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg 1995 mv‡j cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ nq| lô I beg †kÖwY‡Z
1996 wkÿvel© †_‡K G wkÿvKªg ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1998 wkÿvel© †_‡K cwigvwR©Z I bevqbK…Z
wkÿvKªg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Gici `xN© mg‡q RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigÐ‡j mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK I
ivR‰bwZK wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i Ávb-weÁvb, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb-Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| G Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wk¶v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶vµg Dbœqb
Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o|
2.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi Dci Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ mgxÿvi djvd‡j wk¶vµ‡gi A‡bK
`ye©jZv, Am½wZ I mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| G wk¶vµg AwZgvÎvq ZË¡ I Z_¨ msewjZ hv wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Ki‡Z
DrmvwnZ K‡i| cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡g AbymÜvb, mgm¨v mgvavb `ÿZv AR©b, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLvi Ges m„Rbkxj
I D™¢vebx `ÿZv weKv‡ki my‡hvM mxwgZ| wk¶v_©x‡ì ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKv‡ki my‡hvMI Kg| cÖ‡qvRbxq
welq Ges welqe¯‘ †hgb- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I KiYxq, eqtmwÜKvj I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, R¡vjvwb
wbivcËv BZ¨vwì cÖwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wkLb-†kLv‡bvi †¶‡Î
†kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv Gme `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿvµ‡g ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î G¸‡jv h_vh_
¸iæZ¡ cvq wb| wkÿv_x©‡ì‡K Kg©gyLx Kivi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvµ‡gi Ae`vb m‡šÍvlRbK bq| bevqbK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi Gme
mxgve×Zv KvwU‡q DVvi cÖ‡Póv †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
2.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v‡¶‡Î GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Abymv‡i wk¶vi gva¨‡g
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Rbkw³ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wk¶vµ‡gi Dbœqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi
ev¯Íevq‡bi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c n‡”Q G wk¶vbxwZ Abymv‡i wk¶veë¯’vi cÖeZ©b Ges Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m
Abymv‡i wk¶vµg Dbœqb|
2.4 evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcKí 2021 (VISION 2021) Gi j¶¨ n‡”Q wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv Ges †`k‡K ga¨g Av‡qi
†`‡k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Mov Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ Kivi cÖavb Dcvq n‡”Q wk¶vi gva¨‡g
h‡_vchy³ Rbkw³ m„wó Kiv| Avi wk¶vi gva¨‡g Zv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dc‡hvMx wk¶vµg|
2.5 GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶vi Rb¨ MwVZ AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© ‘Learning: The Treasure Within’ G gva¨wgK
wk¶v‡K Rxe‡bi cÖ‡ekØvi (‘gateway to life’) wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq
†hvM¨Zv gva¨wgK wk¶vi gva¨‡g AR©b| G †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`‡b wkL‡bi PviwU ¯Í¤¢ (Pillar) wPwýZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wkL‡bi G ¯Í¤¢mg~n n‡”Q-Rvb‡Z †kLv (Learning to know), Ki‡Z †kLv (Learning to do) wg‡jwg‡k _vK‡Z
†kLv (Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ n‡Z †kLv (Learning to be) | Gme ¯Í¤¢ ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g GKwesk
kZvãxi Dc‡hvMx Rbkw³ m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœqb|
RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 1

3. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z g‡Wj
D‡Ïk¨wfwËK g‡Wj (Objective Model) Abymv‡i D”Pgva¨wgK †kÖwYi RvZxq wkÿvKªg 2012 Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU‡K
djwfwËK g‡WjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G g‡Wj Abymv‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i D‡Ïk¨ AR©b
Dc‡hvMx welq I welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ ¯ÍiwfwËK cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj
wba©viY Kiv nq| cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj‡K †kªwYwfwËK wkLbd‡j wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kÖwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K eyw×e„Ëxq,
Av‡eMxq I g‡bv‡cwkR- G wZb fv‡M wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K wfwË K‡i †kªwY Dc‡hvMx welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb †KŠkjmn hveZxq wk¶v Kvh©µg wba©viY Kiv nq|
4. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z cÖwµqv
†m‡KÛvwi GWy‡Kkb †m±i †W‡fjc‡g›U cÖ‡R± (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b GmBGmwWwc Gi wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkÿvµg kvLvi Kg©KZ©ve„›`
Ges wbe©vwPZ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K wk¶vq we‡klÁ I AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶‡Ki
mgš^‡q MwVZ wewfbœ KwgwU wk¶vµg Dbœqb K‡ib| wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri msw¶ß
weeiY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv:
cÖevn wP‡Î RvZxq wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv
wkÿv cÖwZôvb wkÿv cÖkvmK, cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mgvR, ivóª I

wkÿvwe`, eyw×Rxex AvšÍR©vwZK Pvwn`v
wkÿK ivóªxq g~jbxwZ

Ae¯’v we‡kølY I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY
RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ
wkÿv_x© 2010
wkÿvµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
welqwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYqb
wkÿvµ‡gi mgš^qmvab
I mvwe©K iƒc`vb
RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ…©K

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Aby‡gv`b

4.1 Ae¯’v we‡kølY
4.1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` 2008 mv‡j gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii (lô-Øv`k †kÖwY) wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib|
†hŠw³K ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wk¶vµ‡gi Dc‡hvwMZv
hvPvB Kiv nq| GB ch©v‡jvPbvi djvdj bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b we‡ePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi g~j¨vqb
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁMY Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010Õ kxl©K GKwU
M‡elYv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G mgxÿvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K, ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv I cwigvR©‡bi
†¶Îmg~n wPwýZ Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb-Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 gva¨wgK wk¶v m¤úwK©Z avivmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wfZ ˆZwi Kiv nq|
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZi wfwË‡ZB cÖPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, Bs‡iwR) wk¶v‡K wbw`©ó ch©vq ch©šÍ mgwš^Z I GKgyLx
wk¶vµ‡gi AvIZvq AšÍf©y³ Kivi c`‡¶c †bIqv nq| G eë¯’vq me ai‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ
GKB wk¶vµg Abymv‡i wk¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
4.1.4 AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
we‡k¦i wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki- fviZ, kªxj¼v, gvj‡qwkqv, wm½vcyi, A‡÷ªwjqv (A½ivR¨), hy³ivR¨ (A½ivR¨) Ges
KvbvWvi (A½ivR¨) mgmvgwqK wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †`‡ki wk¶veë¯’vi we‡kl K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi we‡kl
w`Kmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G‡ì Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv
†`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ wk¶v I wk¶vµg welqK cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q-GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶v m¤úwK©Z AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgk‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b UNESCO (1996)
ÔLearning: The Treasure Within; O’Neill, Geraldine (2010) ‘Programme Design: Overview of Curriculum
Models’; Marsh, C.J (1997) ‘Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum’; Sheehan, John (1986)
Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© cÖYxZ wbgœgva¨wgK, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg (2012), wk¶K cÖwk¶Y
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯Í‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ch©v‡jvPbv kxl©K cÖwZ‡e`b (2012), Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM
eë¯’vcbv, ZvgvK wbqš¿Y, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ ÔRxeb `¶ZvwfwËK wk¶vÕ|
ZvQvov evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖKí, miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb Ges ms¯’v wk¶vµ‡g AšÍf©yw³i Rb¨ 31wU cÖwZ‡e`b
Rgv †`q| Gme cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvmw½K welqe¯‘ ms‡hvR‡bi eë¯’v †bIqv nq|
31wU cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q- Rjevqy cwieZ©b, Z_¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi, Lv`¨-cywó, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨,
GBPAvBwf-GBWm, we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï, Rxeb `ÿZvwfwËK wkÿvKªg BZ¨vw`|
4.2 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
Ae¯’vi we‡kølY †_‡K jä AwfÁZv I djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` RvZxq civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfbœ ch©v‡qi wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡ì wk¶vq AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ wba©viY K‡ib| Gm‡ei
Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv
 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË‡Z †`k‡cÖg weKv‡ki my‡hvM m„wó
 ˆbwZKZv I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 AbymwÜrmv, m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZv e„w×i my‡hvM ‰Zwi
 weÁvbgb¯‹ I Kg©gyLx Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc
 AvaywbK cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi mv‡_ ev¯ÍegyLx I cÖ‡qvMgyLx wk¶vi my‡hvM e„w×
 Rxeb`¶Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 me ai‡bi êlg¨ Aemv‡bi j‡¶¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb

4.2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡ì AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ
D”PZi `¶Zvi
D”Pwk¶v (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, †ckvMZ) Kg©
Kg©Rxeb
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi
gva¨wgK wk¶v Kg©
KvwiMwi wk¶v
beg †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY
(mvaviY, gv`ªvmv) cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©
D”PZi `¶Zvi
e„wËg~jK wk¶v
e„wËg~jK wk¶v
cÖv_wgK/Ge‡Z`vwq wk¶v
(cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY)
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwË‡Z Aw¼Z AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎvbymv‡i 8eQi †gqvw` eva¨Zvg~jK I A‰eZwbK cÖv_wgK
wk¶v †kl K‡i †gav I cÖeYZvi wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì GKwU Ask Pvi eQi †gqvw` gva¨wgK wk¶vq Ges Ab¨ AskwU
e„wËg~jK wk¶vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| gva¨wgK wk¶v †k‡l Zviv D”P wk¶vq hv‡e| Z‡e gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cÖ_g `yÕeQi †k‡l
†KD †KD KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e| e„wËg~jK wk¶v mgvßKvix‡ì GKwU Ask cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e,
Abïv D”PZi `¶Zvi e„wËg~jK wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡e| GB wk¶v †k‡l wKQz msL¨K wkÿv_©x KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e Ges
Abïv ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| KvwiMwi wk¶v †k‡l †KD †KD D”Pwk¶vq (†ckvMZ) hv‡e, †KDev
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| D”Pwk¶v †k‡l D”PZi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Gfv‡e wewfbœ Ávb
I `¶Zv wb‡q Zviv Kg©Rxeb ïiæ Ki‡e|
4.2.3 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv I wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡ì wk¶vq AMÖmiY wPÎ‡K mwµq we‡ePbvq †i‡L
wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iƒc‡iLvwU wk¶vµg we‡klÁM‡Yi †ek K‡qKwU Af¨šÍixY mfvq
ch©v‡jvPbv I cwigvR©b Kiv nq| Gfv‡e cwigvwR©Z wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq chv©‡qi 2wU †mwgbv‡i Dc¯’vcb I
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †mwgbv‡i RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K-wk¶vq
we‡klÁ, wk¶v cÖkvmK, †kªwYwk¶Ke„›` AskMÖnY K‡ib| G †mwgbv‡i evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì K‡qKRb gvbbxq
msm` m`m¨ I RvZxq ch©v‡qi †ek K‡qKRb †bZ…e„›` AskMÖnY K‡i gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mwgbvi †_‡K cÖvß mycvwik
we‡ePbvq †i‡L wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU cwigvR©b Kiv nq| cwigvwR©Z iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© Ges
RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvq AšÍfy©³ welqmg~n n‡”Q wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨, ¯ÍiwfwËK wbe©vwPZ welq, welqwfwËK
b¤î eÈb I mvßvwnK wcwiqW msL¨v, wkÿve‡l©i Kg©wèm, wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß, RvZxq wèmmg~‡n KiYxq BZ¨vw`|

4.3 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb
wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwU wel‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶K I GbwmwUwe‡Z Kg©iZ we‡klÁM‡Yi mgš^‡q cÖwZwU wel‡qi Rb¨ 5 †_‡K 8 m`m¨ wewkó GKwU K‡i
KwgwU wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MVb Kiv nq| cÖwZwU welq KwgwU‡Z mgš^qKvix wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib GmBGmwWwci
GKRb wk¶vµg we‡klÁ|
4.3.1 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb KwgwUmg~n‡K wk¶vµg Dbœqb wel‡q wbweo cÖwk¶Y †Ìqv nq| cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖavb wZbwU †¶Î
n‡”Q (K) wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cwiwPwZ I wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv (L) wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv Ges wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi
wba©vwiZ QK I Gi eënvi (M) QKwfwËK nv‡Z Kj‡g bgybv wk¶vµg Dbœqb Ges ch©v‡jvPbv|
4.3.2 cÖwk¶‡Y cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wbgœwjwLZ †mvcvb Abymi‡Yi wm×všÍ
†bIqv nq:
(K) f~wgKv (wel‡qi msw¶ß cwiPq) (L) D‡Ïk¨ (mvaviY D‡Ïk¨vewji Av‡jv‡K wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨vewj) (M) cÖvwšÍK
wkLbdj (welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Dc‡hvMx wba©vwiZ ¯Íi †k‡l AR©b‡hvM¨ wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cÖvwšÍK
wkLbd‡ji †kªwYwfwËK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj, Aa¨vq I wcwiqW msL¨v, Aa¨vqwfwËK welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv, g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv I cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb wb‡`©kbv| †h‡nZz beg -`kg †kªwY I GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY
Awe‡”Q`¨ †kªwY, †m‡nZz G `yÕwU ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b QK-1 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj wefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq wb|
4.3.3 cÖwZwU welqwfwËK KwgwU w`be¨vcx wbav©wiZ msL¨K mfvq wgwjZ n‡q wba©vwiZ Q‡K wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov cÖYqb K‡ib|
Gici GKB ai‡bi welq¸‡”Qi welqwfwËK KwgwUmg~n I wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki †hŠ_ mfvq Lmov wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb
I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.4 GKB ai‡bi welqmg~n wb‡q PviwU `j MVb K‡i cÖwZwU `‡ji AvevwmK Kg©kvjv AbywôZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`më„›`,
mswkøó †fwUs KwgwU I m¤úv`bv KwgwUi m`më„›`, wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ wk¶vµg Dbœqb welqK †UKwbK¨vj
KwgwUi m`më„›` G Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnY K‡ib| G Kg©kvjvq welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
ch©v‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K mswkøó KwgwU wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.5 cieZ©x‡Z mKj wk¶vµ‡gi Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) ˆZwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi
iƒc‡iLv I welqwfwËK wk¶vµgmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i c~Y©v½ iƒc`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cÖYxZ wk¶vµg wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Kg©kvjvq welq-wk¶KMY `jMZfv‡e ¯^ ¯^
wel‡qi wk¶vµg wbweofv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mywbw`©ó mycvwik iv‡Lb| Kg©kvjvi G mycvwi‡ki Av‡jv‡K welq KwgwU
wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mvwe©K iƒc`vb K‡ib|
4.3.7 wk¶vµgwU †UKwbK¨vj I †fwUs KwgwU KZ©„K cwigvR©‡bi ci wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| me©‡k‡l RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b jv‡fi ci
wk¶vµgwU ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ wnmv‡e M„nxZ nq|

4.4 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kvh©µg
ch©vq Kvh©µg Dbœqb/cÖYqbKvixe„›`
1. Ae¯’vi we‡kølY 1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg 1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
1.2 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I 1.2 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010 cwiPvjbv we‡klÁe„›`
1.3 Dbœqbkxj I DbœZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki 1.3 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
wkÿvµg ch©v‡jvPbv we‡klÁe„›`
1.4 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ 1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei

ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
2. wk¶vµ‡gi 2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv wba©viY 2.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡ì AMÖmiY 2.2 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
cÖevn wPÎ cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb 2.3.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3.2 RvZxq †mwgbvi `ywU‡Z
AskMÖnYKvixe„›`
3. welqwfwËK 3.1. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Dci wbweo cÖwk¶Y 3.1. wk¶vµg civgk©K I †UKwbK¨vj
wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖ`vb KwgwU
3.2. welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb 3.2.1 wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kÖwYwk¶K, GbwmwUwe I
GmBGmwWwci we‡klÁM‡Yi
mgš^‡q MwVZ welqwfwËK wk¶vµg
Dbœqb KwgwU
3.2.2 wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnYKvix
welqwfwËK wk¶K I
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
3.2.3 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4. wk¶vµ‡gi 4.1. wk¶vµ‡gi mvgwMÖKfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ Ask 4.1.1 wk¶vµg civgk©K I GmBGmwWwci
mgš^q mvab I ˆZwi I mKj As‡ki mgš^‡q RvZxq wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
Aby‡gv`b wk¶vµg 2012 iƒc`vb 4.1.2 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4.1.3 cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe
4.2. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 P~ovšÍ Aby‡gv`b 4.2 RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU

5. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 Gi êwkó¨
5.1 mvaviY, gv`ªvmv I Bs‡iwR wk¶vavivmn mKj avivi wk¶vi Rb¨ Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ GKgyLx I Awfbœ wk¶vµg cÖYqb|
5.2 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v Ges K¨vwiqvi wkÿv ms‡hvR‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡qi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`k
I wek¦cwiPq welq ms‡hvRb|
5.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©b, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, Z_¨ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ¨vw` welqe¯‘ ms‡hvRb|
5.4 6ô †_‡K 10g †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Ô¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZÕ welq ms‡hvRb|
5.5 hy‡Mi Pvwn`vbymv‡i mKj ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ welqvwì welqe¯‘ AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Uz¨wiRg GÛ
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq ms‡hvRb|
5.6 ag© wk¶vmn mKj wel‡q ˆbwZK wk¶vi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.7 fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g †`kvZ¥‡eva I RvZxq HK¨ weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb| †`kvZ¥‡eva
weKv‡ki gva¨‡g AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡eva m„wói cÖqvm|
5.8 weÁvbgb¯‹, hyw³ev`x, Kg©gyLx I `¶ Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc|
5.9 gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wk¶vq welqe¯‘ gyL¯’ Kivi cwie‡Z© †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv G PviwU `¶Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †kLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ges AwR©Z `ÿZv g~j¨vq‡bi c×wZ cÖeZ©b|
5.10 wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡ì‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv A_©vr we‡kølYg~jK, wPšÍv DÏxcK I m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi I KvR
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZvi weKv‡ki my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.11 †hme wel‡q eënvwiK KvR Av‡Q †hgb- weÁvb, c`v_©weÁvb, imvqb, RxeweÁvb, K…wlwk¶v, Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, kvixwiK wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨,
Kg© I RxebgyLx wkÿv, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Pviæ I KviæKjv wel‡qi ZvwË¡K I eënvwiK As‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ges
wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm| A_©vr cÖwZwU ZË¡, m~Î I bxwZ wk¶vi mv‡_ mv‡_ eënvwiK cvV Mªn‡Yi my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.12 nv‡Z Kj‡g †kLv I `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †kLvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.13 †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i eënvi e„w×|
5.14 wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm Ges †`kxq †cÖÿvc‡U Dbœqbÿg Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.15 Aa¨vq †_‡K Kx Kx Ávb, `¶Zv, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e Zv eyw×e„wËK, g‡bv‡cwkR I Av‡eMxq wkLbdj wnmv‡e cÖwZwU
Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z ms‡hvRb|
5.16 wk¶vi gva¨‡g me©cÖKvi êlg¨ `~i K‡i mgZv weav‡bi my‡hvM m„wó| wj½, ag©, eY©, RvwZ, †ckvMZ I A_©‰bwZK êlg¨ `~i Kivi
j‡¶¨ GKxf~Z wk¶vq ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.17 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói cÖqvm|
5.18 cÖwZ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß e„w×, Aa¨vqwfwËK wcwiqW wba©viY, wkÿve‡l© Kg©wè‡mi msL¨v e„w×|
5.19 RvZxq wèmmg~‡n ¯‹zj †Lvjv †i‡L wèm D`hvc‡bi eë¯’v cÖeZ©b|
5.20 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi (MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb) gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wbivgqg~jK †mevi gva¨‡g wkLb wbwðZKiY|
5.21 cÖPwjZ eënvwiK cixÿvi ms¯‹vi mva‡bi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ b¤Ÿi cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM eÜ Kiv|
5.22 mvgwóK g~j¨vqb/mvgwqK cix¶v I cvewjK cix¶v c×wZi ms¯‹vi|
6. wk¶vµg iƒc‡iLv
6.1 lô-Øv`k †kªwYi wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨
j¶¨
wk¶v_©xi mvwe©K weKv‡ki gva¨‡g gvbweK, mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Ym¤úbœ Ávbx, `¶, hyw³ev`x I m„Rbkxj †`k‡cÖwgK Rbm¤ú`
m„wó|
6.2 D‡Ïk¨
6.2.1 wk¶v_x©i myß cÖwZfv I m¤¢vebv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g m„RbkxjZv, Kíbv I AbymwÜrmv e„w×‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.2 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ gvbweK ¸Yvewj, †hgb- ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva, mZZv, Aaëmvq, mwnòyZv, k„•Ljv, AvZ¥wek¦vm, m`vPvi, A‡bï
cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, bv›`wbKZv‡eva, †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© m¤úK© I b¨vqwePvi‡eva my`„pfv‡e Mªw_Z Kiv|
6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg, RvZxqZv‡eva I
MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kiv Ges m¤¢vebvgq bvMwiK wnmv‡e †e‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.4 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© mymsnZ Áv‡bi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹„wZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZKPP©vi cÖwZ AvMªn I †hvM¨Zv m„wói gva¨‡g êwk¦K †cÖ¶vc‡U †`‡ki cÖMwZ I Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z
m¶g K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.5 kª‡gi gh©v`v, Kv‡Ri Af¨vm I KvR Ki‡Z AvMªnx nIqvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve weKwkZ Kiv hv‡Z wk¶v_x© e¨w³MZ
Ges `jMZ Dfq ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`‡b ˆbwZKZv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡i|
6.2.6 mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM i¶vq wk¶v_x©i cÖwgZ evsjv fvlvi `¶Zv my`„p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvf¨vm
M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.7 evsjv mvwn‡Zï AšÍwb©wnZ bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h©, k„•Ljv Ges mL¨ Dc‡fvM I D`NvU‡b wk¶v_x©i †hvM¨Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î, D”Pwk¶vmn mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b Bs‡iwR fvlvi †gŠwjK `¶Zvmg~n AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©‡K †hvM¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|

6.2.9 wk¶v_x©‡K MvwYwZK hyw³, c×wZ I `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv Ges RxebNwbô I we‡k¦i cvwicvwk¦©K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ MwY‡Zi cÖv‡qvwMK `¶Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wk¶v_x©‡K cÖhyw³i cÖwZ AvMªnx K‡i †Zvjv Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ eënv‡i AvZ¥wek¦vmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges
m„Rbkxj wnmv‡e ˆZwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wk¶v_x© hv‡Z Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RxebNwbô wewfbœ mgm¨v AbymÜvb I mgvav‡b êÁvwbK cÖwµqv I c×wZ cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m j‡¶¨ êÁvwbK `„wófw½ I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 †`‡k Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i cwi‡ekMZ
Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x©‡ì cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv‡_ mswkøó mK‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ H mKj Dcv`vb‡K wbqš¿Y I
eënvi Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv`¨ I cywó, kvixwiK m¶gZv, †ivM-e¨vwa, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges e¨w³MZ wbivcËv BZ¨vwì Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i
wk¶v_©x‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, Rxeb`¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wk¶v_x©i g‡b wbR wbR agx©q wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ ag© I ag©vej¤^x‡ì cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj n‡Z
mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evOvwj RvZxi Ges ¶z`ª RvwZ-†Mvôxmg~‡ni, eY©, †MvÎ, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, wewfbœ †kÖwY I †ckvi gvby‡li cÖwZ
åvZ…Z¡ I kÖ×v‡eva m„wó Kiv|
6.2.16 wk¶v_x©i ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki j‡¶¨ mnwk¶vµwgK Kvh©vewj- †Ljvayjv, kixiPP©v, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©KvÐ, Pviæ I KviæKjv
Abykxj‡bi wbqwgZ Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebe¨vcx wk¶vq AvMÖnx I †hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î Ges ¯^-Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ my`„p Kiv|
6.2.18 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i †bZ„Z¡, mn‡hvwMZv I †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv weKv‡k mÿg Kiv|
6.2 welq KvVv‡gv
lô, mßg I Aóg †kªwYi welq KvVv‡gv, b¤î I mgq eÈb
mKj avivi Avewk¨K welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
(mvaviY wk¶v, gv`ªvmv wk¶v I Bs‡iwR wk¶v aviv) b¤î (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 150 5 87 174
2. Bs‡iwR 150 5 87 174
3. MwYZ 100 4 70 140
4. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 53 106
5. weÁvb 100 4 70 140
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 35 70
†gvU 650 23 402 804
7. mvaviY wk¶v avivi Avewk¨K welq
ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v: 100 3 53 106
Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
/†eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
8. kvixwiK wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨ 50 2 35 70
9. Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v 50 2 35 70
10. Pviæ I KviæKjv 50 2 35 70
†gvU 250 9 158 316
mvaviY avivi Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
11. ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/Aviwe/ms¯‹…Z/cvwj 100 2 35 70
me©‡gvU 1000 34 595 1190
`ªóe¨:
 cÖ_g wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 60wgwbU I Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 50wgwbU|
 kwbevi †_‡K eyaevi cÖwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges e„n¯úwZevi 4wcwiqW|
 ˆ`wbK cÖviw¤¢K mgv‡ek (Assembly) Gi †gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 45wgwbU|
 `yB wkd‡U cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôv‡b me †¶‡Î 5wgwbU K‡i mgq Kg n‡e Ges ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 25wgwbU|

6.3 mvaviY wk¶v avivi beg I `kg †kªwYi welq-KvVv‡gv, b¤î I mgq eÈb
wel‡qi aib welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
b¤î (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 200 5 80 160
2. Bs‡iwR 200 5 80 160
3. MwYZ 100 4 64 128
4. ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v 100 2 32 64
(Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/
Avewk¨K wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v / †eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v)
5. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 32 64
6. K¨vwiqvi wkÿv 50 1 16 32
7. kvixwiK wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨weÁvb I †Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64
†gvU 800 21 336 672
kvLvwfwËK welq
weÁvb kvLvi 8. c`v_©weÁvb 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. imvqb 100 3 54 108
welq 10.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ 100 3 54 108
11.evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 54 108
weÁvb kvLvi 12.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq ms¯‹…wZ/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/Pviæ I
(GKwU †bIqv KviæKjv/msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW/kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
eëmvq wkÿv 8. eëmvq D‡`¨vM 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Rb¨ 9. wnmveweÁvb 100 3 54 108
Avewk¨K welq 10.wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs 100 3 54 108
11.weÁvb 100 3 54 108
eëmvq wk¶v 12.f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq/ 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Hw”QK K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
welq ms¯‹…wZ/Pviæ I KviæKjv/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
(GKwU †bIqv
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
gvbweK kvLvi 8. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek 100 3 54 108
welq 10. A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 108
11. weÁvb 100 3 54 108
gvbweK kvLvi 12.A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pviæ I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq KviæKjv/K…wlwk¶v /Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
(GKwU †bqv ms¯‹…wZ/ Aviwe/ms¯‹…Z/cvwj/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
hv‡e) /kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
`ªóe¨:
 weÁvb, gvbweK I eëmvq wk¶v kvLv †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLv wbe©vPb K‡i wbe©vwPZ kvLvi Avewk¨K welqmg~n wb‡Z
n‡e|
 mßv‡n 6w`b ˆ`wbK 6wcwiqW AbywôZ n‡e|
 wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß I Ab¨vb¨ welq lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi Abyiƒc n‡e|

* kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkÿv_x©iv Hw”QK
welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|

6.4 GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welqKvVv‡gv (ïay 2013-2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨)
2013 - 2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv wb¤œiƒc :
1. wk¶v_©x wb‡¤œi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”Q -
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. eëmvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 2. Bs‡iwR (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n wb¤œiƒc -
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci
wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨
gvbweK †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU welq : 10. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v, (O)
4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (S) Bmjvg wk¶v, (T) g‡bvweÁvb, (U) cwimsL¨vb, (V) b„-weÁvb (bZzb
6. A_©bxwZ wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (W) K„wlwk¶v (X) Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ (cyivZb
7. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© wkÿvµg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
8. f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (_) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_ev
9. hyw³we`¨v ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (b) D”PZi
MwYZ, (c) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨
eëmvq 4. eëmvq msMVb I eë¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b eë¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M),
wkÿv 5. wnmveweÁvb cwimsL¨vb, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O) A_©bxwZ, (P) K„wlwk¶v, (Q) Mvn©¯’Ä_©bxwZ
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv A_ev (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm eë¯’vcbv (2015-16
Drcv`b eë¯’vcbv I wecYb wk¶vel© ch©šÍ Pj‡e)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
Mvn©¯’¨ 4. mvaviY weÁvb Ges Lv`¨ I cywó weÁvb 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg©,
A_©bxwZ 5. eënvwiK wkíKjv Ges e¯¿ I †cvlvK wkí (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/D”Pv½(cyivZb wkÿvÎg), (R)
6. M„n eë¯’vcbv I wkïea©Y Ges cvwievwiK m¤ú©K mvwPweKwe`¨v I Awdm eë¯’vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkÿv
(cyivZb wkÿvµg)
msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
5. D”Pv½ msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) (O) Mvn©¯’Ä_©bxwZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
* BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|
 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤î n‡e 200|

 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤î n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q eënvwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I eënvwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó eënvwiK As‡ki
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

6.5 ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Abymv‡i GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv (2014-2015 wkÿvel© n‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡e)
1. wk¶v_©x‡K wb‡¤œi †h‡Kvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z n‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”QÑ
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. eëmvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v kvLv O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb¨ Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv 2. Bs‡iwR 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n-
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K wZbwU welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) g„wËKvweÁvb, (R) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm (cyivZb wkÿvKªg), (S)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg),
gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
ms¯‹…wZ (O) mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) Bmjvg wk¶v, (R) g‡bvweÁvb,
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_©bxwZ A_ev (S) cwimsL¨vb, (T) b„-weÁvb (bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (U)
hyw³we`¨v K„wlwk¶v (V) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
6. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© A_ev f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (Y) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwj
A_ev ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (_) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
eëmvq 4. eëmvq msMVb I eë¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b eë¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M)
wk¶v 5. wnmveweÁvb Uz¨wiRg GÛ nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m¤ú` Dbœqb (bZzb wk¶vµg
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶), (O) cwimsL¨vb, (P) f‚‡Mvj, (Q) A_©bxwZ, (R)
eë¯’vcbv I wecYb K„wlwk¶v, (S) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (T) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm eë¯’vcbv
(2015-16 wk¶vel© ch©šÍ)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb,
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe
Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb 4. wkïi weKvk 7. (K) wkíKjv I e¯¿ cwi”Q`, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N)
5. Lv`¨ I cywó mgvRKg©, (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb
6. M„n eë¯’vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
m½xZ 4. jNy m½xZ 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N)
5. D”Pv½ m½xZ hyw³we`¨v, (O) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|
 BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤î n‡e 200|
 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤î n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q eënvwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I eënvwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó eënvwiK As‡ki wkLb-
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

7. wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶vµ‡gi myôz ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKiY A_©vr wkLbdj AR©b cÖavbZ `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj|
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©wU n‡”Q †kªwYwk¶‡Ki mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I h‡_vchy³ wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji myôy cÖ‡qvM Ges
wØZxqwU n‡”Q gvbm¤§Z cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK eënvi| Dfq †¶‡ÎB wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GK K_vq wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKi‡Yi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †P‡q DËg Avi wKQy †bB| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨,
A‡bK KwVb I RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK kªg I mgq cÖ‡qvRb Zv h‡_vwPZ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mn‡R I Kg
mg‡q mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| wk¶v_©xi wkL‡bi †¶‡ÎI G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| wk¶K c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q Kg cwikª‡g Ges
A‡c¶vK…Z Kg mg‡q h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M wk¶v_©xi wkLbdj AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
7.1 wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ welq
7.1.1 wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµqZv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mwµqZvi `yÕwU †¶Î-gvbwmK mwµqZv I ˆ`wnK mwµqZv|
gvbwmK mwµqZv A_©vr wk¶Yxq wel‡q wk¶v_©xi wPšÍb cÖwµqv DÏxß Kiv| Ggb mgm¨v, cÖkœ ev KvR †Ìqv hvi mgvavb
wPšÍv K‡i †ei Ki‡Z nq| ˆ`wnK mwµqZv n‡jv nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLv| wk¶v jvf cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq ivLv
†M‡j Kg mg‡q I mn‡R wkLb m¤¢e|
7.1.2 gvbyl GK ai‡bi Kv‡R `xN© mg‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wkï‡ì †¶‡Î g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqvi e¨vwß eq¯‹‡ì †P‡q Kg|
wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 12 †_‡K 16 eQi eqmx wkï‡ì †¶‡Î G e¨vwß 8 †_‡K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbf©i K‡i
KvRwU KZUv AvKl©Yxq Ges Avb›``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe †kªwY Kvh©µg n‡e êwPÎ¨c~Y©| Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, Mí,
†jLv, AuvKv, weZK©, Awfbq, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw` cv‡Vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi
g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv m¤¢e|
7.1.3 cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B ¯^Zš¿ (every individual is a unique)| wk¶v_©x‡ì †¶‡Î Zv †ewk we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L| cÖ‡Z¨K
wk¶v_©x Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wbR MwZ‡Z †k‡L| ZvB e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿ï K_v we‡ePbvq †i‡L h_vm¤¢e wk¶v_©xi Dc‡hvMx
Dcv‡q mn‡hvwMZv †Ìqv n‡j wk¶v_©xi c‡¶ wk¶vjvf mnR nq|
7.1.4 wk¶v‡K ejv nq ÔeøK cÖwµqvÕ| eø‡Ki Dci eøK ¯’vcb K‡i weivU BgviZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| GKBfv‡e Rvbv AwfÁZv, Ávb I
`¶Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv I g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b mn‡R mnvqZv †Ìqv hvq| ZvB wk¶v_©xi Rxeb †_‡K Dcgv,
D`vniY w`‡q Ges c~e©jä Ávb, `¶Zvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv n‡j wk¶v jvf
mnR nq|
7.1.5 wk¶v_©xiv hv wkL‡e Zv ey‡S wkL‡e| †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv jvf Ki‡e| bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kiv h_v_© wk¶v bq|
G‡Z wkL‡bi mÂvjb nq bv| ey‡S wkL‡j ev †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi hyw³ I c×wZ ey‡S cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Abyiƒc mgm¨vi
mgvavb wkÿv_©x wb‡RB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wkL‡bi Rb¨ gyL‡¯’i †P‡q eySvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb|
7.1.6 wk¶v jv‡f h_vh_ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK eënvi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| me wel‡qB Kg-†ewk wk¶v DcKiY eënv‡ii my‡hvM
Av‡Q| wk‡¶vcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ RwUj I weg~Z© welq‡K mnR I g~Z© K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i welqwU‡K ¯úó aviYv †Ìqv hvq|
GKwU †QvU MvQ †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©b K‡i Mv‡Qi wewfbœ Ask e¨vL¨v Ki‡j wKsev gvwëwgwWqvq m~h©MÖnY †`Lv‡j Zv m¤^‡Ü hZ
mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf m¤¢e Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e Zv m¤¢e bq| gvwëwgwWqv eënv‡ii my‡hvM bv _vK‡j P›`ª, c„w_ex I m~‡h©i
Awfbq ev PvU© eënvi Kiv hvq|
7.1.7 wkLb‡K ¯’vqxKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abykxj‡bi eë¯’v| bZzbfv‡e AwR©Z Ávb, `¶Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv n‡j GKw`‡K
†hgb wkLb ¯’vqx nq, Ab¨w`‡K wkLb mÂvj‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
7.1.8 wk¶v AR©‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki mnvbyf~wZc~Y© AvPiY LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi m¤úK© Ggb n‡e †hb
wk¶v_©x ïay †jLvcov welqK mgm¨v bq, Zvi †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK mgm¨v webv ms‡Kv‡P wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i| wk¶K mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`‡eb Ges mva¨gZ mnvqZv Ki‡eb| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi gv‡S †Kv‡bv †`qvj _vK‡e bv|
m¤úK© n‡e †mœn-kª×vi Ges LyeB Nwbô I AvšÍwiK|
7.1.9 wk¶‡Ki wek¦vm _vK‡Z n‡e †h, Zuvi mKj wk¶v_©xB †kLvi mvg_©¨ m¤úbœ| mevi †kLvi Dcvq I MwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z
cv‡i, Z‡e Dchy³ cwi‡ek I mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j mevB wkL‡e| †Kvb wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki †bwZevPK g‡bvfve _vK‡j H
wk¶K †_‡K wk¶v_©xi DcK…Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki D”P aviYv _vKv evÃbxq|
†Kvb wk¶v_©x‡K KLbI ÔZvi gv_vq †MveiÕ, Ô†Zv‡K w`‡q wKQyB n‡e bvÕ, ÔMvavÕ, ÔAc`v_©Õ BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †bwZevPK
ev wbiærmvng~jK K_v ejv hv‡e bv| †eZ eënvi ev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw¯Í cÖ`vb wkÿv jv‡fi AšÍivq
Ges ivóªxq AvB‡b kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv †`wL‡q eis Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi †kLvi AvMÖn A‡bKUvB
†e‡o hvq|

8. wkLb gZev`
8.1 wk¶v weÁv‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wkLb gZev`| `xN©w`b a‡i _b©WvB‡Ki ÔcÖ‡Póv I fyj ms‡kvabÕ gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); †cfj‡fi DÏxcK I cÖwZwµqvwfwËK mv‡c¶ cÖwZeZ©ev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of
Pavlov); †Kv‡njvi I KvdKv‡ii mgMÖZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkL‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q Avm‡Q| eqm‡f‡` wkï‡ì AeaviY
¶gZv wfbœ G wel‡q Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wk¶vweÁv‡b mwe‡kl Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| G gZev‡`
AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_©ï ZviZg¨ Abymv‡i 1 †_‡K 16 eQi eq‡mi wkï Rxeb‡K PviwU ¯Í‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvM¸‡jv
n‡”Q (K) 0-2 eQi ms‡e`b mÂvj‡bi ¯Íi (L) 2-7 eQi cÖvK-Kvh©Ki ¯Íi (M) 7-11 eQi ev¯Íe Kvh©Ki ¯Íi Ges (N) 11-16
eQi AvbyôvwbK Kvh©Ki ¯Íi| wk¶vµg Dbœqb I wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wkïi AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_¨©i welq
we‡ePbvq ivLv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Kvb eq‡mi wkï KZUzKz aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i ev †Kvb eq‡m Kx Kx ai‡bi weg~Z© aviYv jvf
Ki‡Z m¶g †m m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vKv AZ¨vek¨K| wkL‡bi DwjøwLZ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wKš‘ eZ©gvb we‡k¦
me©vwaK Av‡jvP¨ wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb m¤úwK©Z hv MVbev` bv‡g cwiwPZ|
8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)
wk¶v_x© wKfv‡e †k‡L G m¤ú‡K© wk¶v g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì Ae¨vnZ cÖ‡Póvi d‡j D™¢~Z me©vaywbK ZË¡ n‡”Q MVbev`| j¨vwUb
kã Constrvere †_‡K Construct kãwUi DrcwË hvi A_© web¨vm Kiv ev MVb †Ìqv| ZvB G Z‡Ë¡i g~jK_v n‡jv aviYv
MVbB wkLb| cÖwZ gyn‡~ Z© Bw›`ªq MÖvn¨ Z_¨ Øviv Avgv‡ì wPšÍ‡bi g‡a¨ †h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZ©b n‡”Q Zvi gva¨‡gB
wkLb cÖwµqv N‡U| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x© wb‡Ri AwfÁZv Ges cvwicvwk¦©KZv Abya¨vb K‡i wb‡Ri g‡Zv GKKfv‡e bZzb Ávb I
aviYv MVb K‡i| e¨w³ bZzb wKQyi m¤§yLxb n‡j †m GUv‡K Zvi c~e©jä Ávb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K hvPvB K‡i MÖnY K‡i|
Gfv‡eB e¨w³ bZzb aviYv ev Ávb AR©b K‡i| hvPvB‡q bZzb welq‡K AevšÍi g‡b n‡j GUv‡K †m evwZj K‡i †`q|
wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î Jerome Bruner cwi‡ek I fvlv weKv‡ki Dci †ewk cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, ÁvbweKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î
cwi‡e‡ki f~wgKv †ewk Ges ÁvbweKv‡ki wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wkï Áv‡bi AvIZvfz³ wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb wewfbœfv‡e †`q| GUv
wbf©i K‡i wkïi c~e© AwfÁZv I Áv‡bi Dci|
David Jonassen g‡b K‡ib MVbev‡` wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv n‡e bZzb aviYv MV‡b wk¶v_x©‡K mnvqZv Kiv| ïay ZË¡ I Z_¨
mieivn Kiv bq| wk¶K mgm¨v-mgvavb ev AbymÜv‡bi wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb, wk¶v_x©iv hv‡Z wb‡RivB AbywgZ aviYv ˆZwi I
cix¶v K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i Ges `jMZ wkLb cwi‡e‡k Ab¨‡ì‡K Zv Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvq Ávb jv‡fi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©iv wKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡”Q Zv D`NvUb Ki‡Z wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Jonassen AviI g‡b K‡ib †h,
wk¶v_x©iv wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì‡K cÖkœ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì eëüZ c×wZ †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡i wb‡RivB µ‡g µ‡g
AwfÁ wk¶v_x©‡Z cwiYZ nq, wKfv‡e wkL‡Z nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv AvqË K‡i †d‡j| Gfv‡e Zviv Rxebe¨vcx
wk¶v_x©‡Z (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|
MVbev`wfwË‡Z wk¶vµ‡gi web¨vm n‡e kw•Lj (spiral)| G eë¯’vq wk¶v_x© AwR©Z aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½i Dci wfwË
K‡i µgvMZfv‡e bZzb bZyb aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e|
David Jonassen Gi gZvbymv‡i MVbev`x †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb n‡e-
 MwVZ (Constructed) : wk¶v_x©iv Zv‡ì c~e©Ávb, aviYv I AwfÁZvi mv‡_ bZzb Ávb I AwfÁZvi mgš^q K‡i Abya¨v‡bi
gva¨‡g wb‡Ri gv‡S bZzb aviYv MVb Ki‡e|
 mwµq (Active) : wk¶v_x©iv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡ì aviYv m„wó Ki‡e| wk¶K Zv‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb Ges
wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K cix¶v Ki‡Z, DcKiYvw` eënvi Ki‡Z, cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z my‡hvM K‡i w`‡eb|
wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K wb‡R‡ì j¶¨ I Kg©cš’v wba©vi‡Y mnvqZv w`‡eb|
8. wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶v_©xi wkLb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i wk¶K KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci| wk¶v_©x‡ì ¶gZv I cÖeYZv
Ges cv‡Vi êwk‡óï wfwË‡Z c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| c×wZ I †KŠkj mwVK n‡j Ges h_vh_fv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©x mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b K‡qKwU c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji msw¶ß cwiPq †Ìqv n‡jv|

8.1 cÖkœ-DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method)
cÖk-œ DËi GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ I Kvh©Ki c×wZ| G c×wZi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq †i‡L wkL‡b
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †kLvi Rb¨ cÖkœ, wkLbdj AR©b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖkœ, †Kvb we‡kl
K‡g©i Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœ, BZ¨vw` †ek K‡qK ai‡bi cÖkœ i‡q‡Q|
8.2 cÖkœ Kivi ixwZ
 mg¯Í †kªwY‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖkœ Kiv| GKRb †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡j †kªwYi Ab¨ wk¶v_©xiv wbw®Œq _v‡K,
Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mevB‡K mwµq ivLvi Rb¨ mg¯Í †kªwY‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z nq|
 wPšÍv K‡i DËi wVK Kivi Rb¨ wKQyUv mgq †Ìqv|
 DËi `v‡b k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv| DËi`v‡b mÿg wk¶v_©xiv nvZ DVv‡e| mevi GKmv‡_ DËi †Ìqvi Af¨vm Z¨vM
Kiv‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶v_©x‡K wbw`©ó K‡i DËi w`‡Z ejv| GKB wk¶v_©x‡K evi evi DËi †Ìqvi my‡hvM bv w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g mevB‡K
my‡hvM †Ìqv| cÖ‡qvR‡b DËi`v‡b Bw½Z w`‡q mnvqZv Kiv| DËi mwVK bv n‡j Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡K DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 mwVK DËi cybive„wË Kiv|
 Gici c~‡e© nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wk¶v_©x‡K GKB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b AbymÜvbx cÖkœ (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K †h cÖkœ Rv‡M Zv‡K AbymÜvbx cÖkœ ejv
nq|
8.2.1 cÖ‡kœi aib
 cÖ‡kœi fvlv n‡e mnR I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|
 cÖkœ n‡e wk¶v_©xi wPšÍv DÏxcK I †cÖiYv m„wóKvix| Ô†KbÕ, ÔwKfv‡eÕ, ÔKviY KxÕ, Ôe¨vL¨v KiÕ, Ôwe‡kølY KiÕ, ÔZzjbv KiÕ
BZ¨vw` Øviv cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wPšÍv K‡i DËi †ei Ki‡Z nq|
 †hme cÖ‡kœi DËi Ônu¨vÕ ev ÔbvÕ Ggb cÖkœ bv KivB fvj| ¯§„wZ wbf©i cÖkœ †hgb ÔKxÕ, Ô†KÕ, Ô†Kv_vqÕ, ÔKqwUÕ ev ÔKv‡K e‡jÕ
BZ¨vw` cÖkœ hZUv m¤¢e cwinvi Kiv|
 ch©vqµ‡g Ggbfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv †hb cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi †_‡K welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b
cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gv‡S gv‡S Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
 AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ (probing question) A_©vr GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K D™¢~Z cÖkœ K‡i wel‡qi c~Y©Zv Avbv cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb-
g~j cÖkœ : we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡ì Mo Dcw¯’wZ KZ?
DËi : mvaviY mg‡q 85%, we‡kl mg‡q 50%
AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ : we‡kl mg‡q Kg †Kb?
DËi : avb †ivcY I avb KvUvi †gŠmy‡g †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì A‡b‡K K…wlKv‡R AwffveK‡K mnvqZv K‡i ZvB Zviv
we`¨vj‡q Av‡m bv|
8.2.2 wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
 mwVK DË‡ii Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb
 fyj DË‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv I wkL‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv cÖ`vb Kiv
 mwVK DË‡ii cÖm½ †U‡b Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
 wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z my‡hvM †Ìqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wk¶v_©xi cÖ‡kœi DËi †Ìqv|
9. `jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wk¶v c×wZ
`jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK c×wZ GKwU mdj wkLbc×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z GKB eqtµ‡gi ev GKB ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©xiv
ci¯úi wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g wk¶v jvf K‡i| G‡¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv c‡iv¶ n‡jI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi ïay Ávb-`¶ZvB e„w× cvq bv, mv‡_ mv‡_ †ek wKQy gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U| K_v †kvbvi I K_v
ejvi k„•Ljv AbymiY, cigZ mwnòzZv, †bZ…Z¡, mg‡SvZv BZ¨vw` ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U|

9.1 `j MVb
wewfbœfv‡e `j MVb Kiv hvq| †hgb mg-mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡ì `j, wgkª mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡ì `j, welqwfwËK `j,
AÂjwfwËK `j BZ¨vw`| A‡bK †¶‡Î wgkª mvg‡_©¨ `‡ji myweav Ab¨‡ì †P‡q wKQyUv †ewk| cÖwZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ ev cÖwZ
wel‡qi Rb¨ bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq jv‡M| ZvB †kªwYwk¶K (whwb cÖ_g wcwiq‡W K¬vm †bb) `j
MVb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b GK gvm AšÍi AšÍi bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡eb| G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì wg_w¯Œqvi cwimi e„w×
cvq| GKB †kªwYi wewfbœ wel‡qi wk¶KMY †kªwYwk¶K KZ©„K MwVZ `j¸‡jv‡KB `jMZ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡eb|
cÖwZwU `‡ji AvKvi 6Rb †_‡K 8Rb n‡j fvj, Z‡e 10R‡bi †ewk nIqv evÃbxq bq| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji GKwU K‡i bvg
_vK‡j myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bv‡g `‡ji bvg ivLv hvq|
9.1.1 `jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm
`jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm Ggb n‡e hv‡Z `‡ji mKj wk¶v_©x gy‡LvgywL em‡Z cv‡i| †kªwYK‡¶i AvKvi eo n‡j
Ges ch©vß AvmevecÎ _vK‡j, cÖwZ `j †Mvj †Uwe‡ji Pvicv‡k¦© em‡e| Giƒc AvmevecÎ bv _vK‡j cvKv †g‡S‡Z
gv`y‡iI †Mvj n‡q em‡Z cv‡i| bZzev cÖ_g †e‡Âi wk¶v_©xiv Ny‡i wØZxq †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL em‡e, Gfv‡e Z…Zxq †eÂ
Ny‡i PZz_© †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL| G‡¶‡Î cÖwZ `‡ji wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K ci ci `yÕ†e‡Â em‡Z n‡e| wk¶K `jMZ KvR eywS‡q
†Ìqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B `je×fv‡e e‡m `jMZ KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvmevecÎ UvbvUvwb K‡i mgq bó Kiv hv‡e bv|
9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cÖwµqv
 `‡j fvM nIqvi Av‡MB mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶K ¯úó K‡i `jMZ KvR eywS‡q w`‡eb|
 wk¶K `‡ji GKRb‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `j‡bZv g‡bvbqb w`‡eb| ch©vqµ‡g `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K‡K `j‡bZvi `vwqZ¡
w`‡eb|
 wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q em‡e| `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K welqwU wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡e| Zvici Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡e| GKRb K_v
ejvi mgq Abïv gb w`‡q ïb‡e| K_vi gv‡S †KD K_v ej‡e bv| Z‡e Av‡jvPbv Ah_v `xN© ev cÖm½ ewnf©~Z n‡j
`j‡bZv f`ªfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡e|
 `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
 Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ZË¡, Z_¨, hyw³ Dc¯’vcb I hyw³ LÐb Ki‡e|
 Kv‡iv K_v AcQ›` n‡j ev gbtcyZ bv n‡j âh© a‡i ïb‡Z n‡e, c‡i hyw³ w`‡q LÐb Kiv hv‡e, ivM Kiv ev A‡kvfb
AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bv|
 †Rvi K‡i Ab¨‡ì Dci wb‡Ri gZvgZ Pvwc‡q †Ìqvi †Póv Kiv hv‡e bv|
 Av‡jvPbvi djvdj `‡ji wm×všÍ wnmv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e Ges mevB‡K †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
 cieZ©x‡Z mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kvbymv‡i H Av‡jvPbvi `j‡bZv `‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Ab¨ `‡ji cÖkœ
_vK‡j `‡ji c‡¶ †h †Kv‡bv GKRb DËi w`‡e|
 `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq †Kv‡bv gZv‰bK¨ ev mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j `j‡bZv nvZ Zz‡j wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv PvB‡e|
9.1.3 `jMZ Kv‡Ri aib
`jMZ KvR cÖavbZ AbymÜvbg~jK ev mgm¨vwfwËK n‡e| `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wPšÍv DÏxcK, m„Rbkxj I we‡kølYagx©
n‡e| mvaviY ZË¡, Z_¨ ev Ávbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi welq nq bv| Zv‡Z AbymÜvb ev wPšÍv DÏxcK wKQy
_v‡K bv|
9.1.4 `jMZ Kv‡Ri K‡qKwU D`vniY

K. evsjv‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cvwL µgvMZ wejyß nIqvi KviY I Zv‡ì i¶vi Dcvq AbymÜvb|
L. MÖv‡gi wbi¶i gvbyl‡K ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZb Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡ì KiYxq wba©viY|
M. cix¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKvi gvwUi êwkó¨ wPwýZKiY|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡ì AwaKvi i¶vq miKvi, mgvR I Awffve‡Ki KiYxq wba©viY|
O. GKwU Aby‡”Q‡ì mvigg© D`&NvUb|

9.1.5 `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wnmv‡e mwVK bq
K. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni bvg
L. evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZi eY©bv
M. mvK© †`kmg~‡ni ivRavbx, RbmsL¨v I gv_vwcQy Avq
N. cigvYyi MVb eY©bv
O. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb eY©bv
9.1.6 `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZvi Aemvb
wk¶v_©x‡ì †KD †KD wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkLb
`ye©jZvm¤úbœ wk¶v_©x‡ì wPwýZ K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl `jMZ Kv‡Ri eë¯’v Kiv hvq| G †¶‡Î GKB †kª wYi GKRb
wkLbdj AR©bKvix †PŠKm wk¶v_©x‡K `j‡bZv wnmv‡e `‡ji Ab¨‡ì‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq|
wkÿK `j‡bZv‡K c~‡e©B cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`b| mgch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x Øviv Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv
†Ìqv‡K ÔPeer LearningÕ ejv nq|
9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶K Ny‡i Ny‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| †hLv‡b hLb cÖ‡qvRb wb‡`©kbv I
mnvqZv w`‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq fyj-åvwšÍ ev Am¤ú~Y©Zv _vK‡j awi‡q w`‡eb|
10. cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method)
cÖ`k©b c×wZi g~jK_v n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQy †`wL‡q †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K mnvqZv Kiv| †Kv‡bv wKQy
Dc¯’vc‡b ïay eY©bv ev Av‡jvPbvq mxgve× bv †_‡K Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡j aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì AvMÖn
I Drmvn e„w× cvq| G c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi welq mswkøó ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cÖwµqv †`wL‡q eY©bv, Av‡jvPbv ev cÖkœ-
DË‡ii gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv nq| †hgb- GKwU Rev dz‡ji Ask¸‡jv †`wL‡q dz‡ji Ask¸‡jvi m¤ú‡K©
aviYv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv; †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg‡b hš¿cvwZ ms‡hvRb K‡i `¯Ívi mv‡_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmW
wgwk‡q nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †`Lv‡bv BZ¨vw`|
A‡bK †¶‡Î ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev NUbv mivmwi †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| †m‡¶‡Î Aa©ev¯Í‡ei mvnv‡h¨ aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
hvq| †hgb- P›`ª ev m~h©MÖnY m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶ wmwW ev wWwfwWi gva¨‡g gvwëwgwWqvq c„w_ex I
Puv‡ì wbR wbR K¶c‡_ N~Y©b †`wL‡q MÖnY NUvi welqwU cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| cÖ‡R±i ev gvwëwgwWqv bv _vK‡j Pv‡U©i
gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv hvq| †¶Î we‡k‡l wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i wb‡q ev¯Íe NUbv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †`wL‡q wk¶v jv‡f
mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- f~wg¶‡qi KviY¸‡jv cÖZ¨¶ †`Lv‡bv hvq| m¤¢e n‡j HwZnvwmK ¯’v‡b wb‡q wewfbœ wb`k©b
†`wL‡q I eY©bv K‡i aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- Kzwgjøvi †KvUevwo kvjeb wenv‡i cwi`k©‡b wb‡q ZrKvjxb
†eŠ×mf¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì AbymwÜrmv e„w× cvq| mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkLb A‡c¶vK…Z `xN©¯’vqx
nq| cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb me wk¶v_©x ¯úó †`L‡Z cvq|
11. AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri aib
AbymÜvbg~jK KvR g~jZ Kg©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ| wWDBi mwµqZv Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z cwiPvwjZ G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x©iv
GKKfv‡e ev `jMZfv‡e wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡Póvq wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z wkÿv jvf K‡i _v‡K| G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x© †Kv‡bv
welq ev NUbv ev mgm¨vi KviY, djvdj, cÖwZwµqv BZ¨vw` D`&NvUb K‡i| bw_cÎ ch©v‡jvPbv, cwi`k©b, ch©‡e¶Y,
mv¶vrKvi MÖnY bvbvfv‡e AbymÜvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY-
 hyemgv‡Ri AvKvk ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY I djvdj
 wkí AÂ‡j evqy `~l‡Yi KviY I djvdj
 Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b AwZgvÎvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK `ªe¨ eënv‡ii cÖwZwµqv|

12. AbymÜvbg~jK c×wZ‡Z wkLb cÖwµqv
cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU welq ev mgm¨v wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| G c×wZ‡Z hveZxq Kvh©µg cÖavbZ cuvPwU ch©v‡q
cwiPvwjZ nq| ch©vq¸‡jv n‡”Q-
K. mgm¨v/D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY
L. cwiKíbv cÖYqb
M. Z_¨ msMÖn
N. Z_¨ we‡kølY
O. cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
me© cÖ_‡g Kvh©µ‡gi mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv ev D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| wØZxq ch©v‡q mgMÖ Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ki‡Z nq| D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e, †KvbwU wKfv‡e, Kx w`‡q, KLb Ki‡Z n‡e-G meB cwiKíbvq _v‡K|
Z_¨ msMÖn AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯Íi| cÖvBgvwi ev †m‡KÛvwi Drm n‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| PZy_ ©
ch©v‡q Z_¨ we‡kølY I djvdj cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| me©‡kl wkÿv_x m¤ú~Y© AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri Dci GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖYqb Ki‡e|
13. wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU K_v
wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj A‡bK ai‡bi| Gi K‡qKwU wk¶K‡Kw›`ªK Ges K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK| wkLb-†kLv‡bv
cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµq AskMÖnY wk¶vjv‡f mnvqK| me c×wZiB Kg‡ewk myweav I Amyweav Av‡Q| Ggb †Kv‡bv c×wZ
ev †KŠkj †bB †hwU mKj wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ mgfv‡e Dc‡hvMx ev me ai‡bi welqe¯‘i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| wk¶‡Ki wewfbœ c×wZ
I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv Ges †kªwY I cvV Dc‡hvMx c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci wbf©i K‡i wk¶v_©xi wkLb
mvdj¨| Ggb †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZv †bB †h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wk¶K‡K GKwU c×wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| cvV‡K
djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K cwiw¯’wZ Abymv‡i GKvwaK c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cv‡Vi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i wk¶‡Ki weP¶YZv, welqÁvb I wkLb c×wZi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci| GRb¨ ejv nq wk¶KB
m‡e©vrK…ó c×wZ| wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ eûwea| GLv‡b gvÎ K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ ms‡¶‡c
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| Z‡e wk¶‡Ki AwaK msL¨K c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡j wZwb †h †¶‡Î †h
c×wZ Dc‡hvMx Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK c×wZi mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wk¶K hw` eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h cÖ‡qvMK…Z c×wZ wkÿv_x©‡ì wkL‡b djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv ZLb wZwb
c×wZ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB wk¶K‡ì eû c×wZi Dci `¶Zv _vKv Avek¨K|
14. wkÿv_x©i g~j¨vqb
mvaviY A‡_© wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb n‡jv wkÿv Kvh©µg †_‡K wkÿv_©xi AR©‡bi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv| A_©vr wkÿvµ‡g D‡jøwLZ c~e©
wba©vwiZ wkLbdj wkÿv_©x KZUv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv wbiƒcYB wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb| hwÌ g~j¨vqb K_vwUi we¯Í…wZ A‡bK e¨vcK|
Avgiv wewfbœ mg‡q bvbvfv‡e wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| g~j¨vq‡bi mgq I aib we‡ePbvq wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb cÖavbZ `yB
avivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~j¨vqb Ges (L) mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw`©ó cvV¨vsk †_‡K
wkÿv_©xi AR©b g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G g~j¨vqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l ev
Kvh©µg †k‡l mvgwqK cixÿv, evwl©K cixÿv, GmGmwm cixÿv BZ¨vw` cixÿvi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G ai‡bi
g~j¨vqb nj mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| avivevwnK I mvgwóK Dfq avivi g~j¨vq‡biB cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Z‡e avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi
¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY-
 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i ZvrÿwYK wbivgqg~jK eë¯’v †bIqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi nv‡Z-Kj‡g eënvwiK KvR Kivi cÖwµqv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi we‡kl wKQz `ÿZv, †hgb- †kvbv, ejv, cov BZ¨vw` Kg mg‡q, Kg Li‡P I mn‡R cwigvc K‡i av‡c av‡c
wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv I wbivgqg~jK eë¯’v †bIqv hvq| mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Gme êwk‡óï g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e
nq bv|

 wkÿv_©xi Av‡eMxq w`Kmg~n we‡kl K‡i e¨w³K I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~j¨‡eva cÖZ¨ÿ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv hvq|
 G g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK Zuvi eëüZ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv wba©viY K‡i ev
`ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib|
15. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv hvq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wbivgqg~jK eë¯’v MÖnY
Kiv hvq|
15.1 †kÖwYi KvR
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z hveZxq KvR †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ| welq‡f‡`
†kÖwYi Kv‡Ri ai‡b ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡kœi DËi ejv ev †jLv, AuvKv (wPÎ/Qwe, mviwY,
gvbwPÎ, †jLwPÎ), Av‡jvPbv I weZ‡K© AskMÖnY, PwiÎ-Awfbq, eënvwiK KvR-G ai‡bi me wKQzB †kÖwYi KvR|
evsjv I Bs‡iwR wel‡q †kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv BZ¨vw` †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
15.2 evwoi KvR
wkÿv_x© evwo‡Z wkÿvµgwfwËK †h KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkÿv_x© GKKfv‡e m¤úbœ
Ki‡e GUvB cÖZ¨vwkZ| wkÿK wbwðZ n‡eb †h, wkÿv_x© GKvB KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| evwoi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i
wPšÍb `ÿZv Ges e¨w³K AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| evwoi KvR g~j¨vqb K‡i wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`‡eb| wkÿvµ‡gi wkLbd‡ji Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i wkÿK evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
 jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e evwoi KvR †hb wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Kivq DrmvwnZ bv K‡i| evwoi KvR Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb
wkÿv_©xi wPšÍb `ÿZv weKvk Ges m„RbkxjZv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K|
 †kÖwYK‡ÿ AwR©Z aviYvmg~n wPšÍv I Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM †hb evwoi Kv‡R _v‡K| evwoi KvR †hb
wkÿv_x©‡K m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †mw`‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµg g¨vwUª‡· wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg Kjv‡g cÖ`Ë evwoi KvR bgybv wnmv‡e AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖwZwU wel‡qi evwoi KvR¸‡jv Ggb n‡e hv wkÿv_©x 30-35 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿK cÖwZ
mvgwq‡K †kÖwY‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
15.3 †kªwY Afxÿv
cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l †kÖwY Afxÿv †bIqv n‡e| †kwY Afxÿv wjwLZ ev eënvwiK n‡e| cÖwZwU †kÖwY Afxÿv ¯^í mgq
†bIqv n‡e| wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ K¬vm wcwiq‡W †bIqv n‡e| wba©vwiZ GK K¬vm wcwiq‡Wi AwZwi³ mgq †bIqv hv‡e
bv| †kÖwY Afxÿvi w`b †kÖwYi Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© h_vixwZ Pj‡e|
16 mvgwqK cixÿv I cvewjK cixÿv
RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i cÖwZ wkÿve‡l© `yÕwU mvgwq‡K fvM Kiv n‡e| mvgwqK Ges cvewjK
cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb Ges DËicÎ g~j¨vqb m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i n‡e| wkÿvµ‡g cÖ`Ë
Aa¨vqmg~n‡K `yÕwU mvgwq‡Ki Rb¨ eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©wè‡mi cwigv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i Aa¨vqmg~n‡K
mvgwq‡K eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g mvgwq‡K g~j¨vqbK…Z Aa¨vqmg~n‡K wØZxq mvgwq‡K g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hv‡e
bv| mvgwqK †k‡l Aby‡ôq cixÿv wkÿvµ‡g welq Ges c‡Îi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z c~Y© b¤^‡i n‡e| wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLvi
welqKvVv‡gvq wel‡qi c~Y©b¤î †Ìqv Av‡Q|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi cÖkœc‡Î `y&B ai‡bi cÖkœ _vK‡e| GKwU n‡”Q eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges AciwU n‡”Q m„Rbkxj cÖkœ|
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wZb ai‡bi eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ _vK‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q mvaviY eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ, eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ| eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wPšÍb `ÿZvi Pvi ¯Í‡ii cÖkœ
AvbycvwZKnv‡i _vK‡e| mKj Aa¨vq‡K cixÿvi AvIZvfz³ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖkœcÖÎ cÖYq‡bi c~‡e© wb‡`©kK QK ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœ GKwU DÏxcK _vK‡e Ges DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ 4wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| cÖkœ 4wU w`‡q wPšÍb
`ÿZvi PviwU ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM Ges D”PZi `ÿZv) hvPvB Kiv n‡e| Z‡e wnmveweÁvb MwYZ I D”PZi
MwYZ wel‡qi wnmve m„Rbkxj cÖkœc‡Î ïay wPšÍb `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvM ¯Ív‡ii 3wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| 1wU mnR gv‡bi, 1wU
ga¨gv‡bi I GKwU A‡cÿv KwVb gv‡bi cÖkœ b¤î cÖ`vb wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY K‡i DËicÎ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b mswkøó KwgwU
1. RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bv‡mi †PŠayix mfvcwZ
mwPe, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
2. DcvPvh©, RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m¨
3. W. KvRx LjxKz¾vgvb Avng` m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ mwgwZ|
4. hyM¥-mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkÿv eë¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv Awa`ßi, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m¨
8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
9. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
10. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
13. m`m¨ (wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
14. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj m`m¨
wefvMxq cÖavb, Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
15. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨vcK I cwiPvjK, wkÿv I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
16. Aa¨vcK W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb m`m¨
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
17. Aa¨vcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi m`m¨
Bs‡iwR wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
18. m`m¨ (cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (cvV¨cy¯ÍK), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, wkÿv feb, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Dc mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨
2. cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb mfvcwZ
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wk¶v eë¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq,XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv| m`m¨
7. Rbve gbRyiæj Avnmvb eyjeyj m`m¨
cÖavb m¤úv`K, êkvLx †Uwjwfwkb wjwg‡UW, XvKv|
8. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv| m`m¨
9. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wk¶v‡evW©, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k AvšÍt †evW© mgš^q mve KwgwU| m`m¨
10. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. Aa¨vcK Avãyjøvn Avey mvqx` m`m¨
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|

civgk©K, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|
14. Aa¨vcK Kwdj DÏxb Avn‡g` m`m¨
civgk©K, cÖv_wgK wk¶vµg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
15. cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avjx m`m¨
cÖv³b m`m¨, wk¶vµg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
(evmv-ÔmßKÕ-†gwfm 8g Zjv (cwðg), 6/9, eøK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|
16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
17. cÖ‡dmi mvjgv AvLZvi m`m¨
AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
18. Aa¨¶, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡jR, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (wk¶vµg), RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖavb wk¶K, Meb©‡g›U j¨ve‡iUwi nvB ¯‹zj, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` f~uBqv m`m¨-mwPe
weZiY wbqš¿K, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
3. †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt Ave`yyj ReŸvi AvnevqK
cÖv³b cwiPvjK, bv‡qg, XvKv|
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, †m±i bs-4, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
2. Aa¨vcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd m`m¨
mycvi wbDgvwi Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
3. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb m`m¨
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
4. Aa¨vcK W. †Mvjvg imyj wgqv m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨¶, wUPvm© †Uªwbs K‡jR, XvKv|
(evmv bs-47, †ivW bs-02, †m±i-09, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
civgk©K
GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv|
6. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt bvRgyj Kwig †PŠayix m`m¨
eë¯’vcbv wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. W. Avãyj gv‡jK m`m¨
Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
8. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb m`m¨
wk¶vµg we‡klÁ
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
9. Rbve kvnxbviv †eMg m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
10. Rbve †gvt †gvL‡jm Di ingvb m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
11. Rbve †gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg m`m¨-mwPe
EaŸ©Zb we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

4. †fwUs KwgwU
1. evsjv 1. Aa¨vcK Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi b~iRvnvb †eMg
Aa¨¶, miKvwi weÁvb K‡jR, XvKv|
2. Bs‡iwR 1. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv|
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)
2. cÖ‡dmi †gvt kvgmyj nK
cÖv³b Wxb, evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, G¨vcvU©‡g›U-we-5, †ivW bs
68G, ¸jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
3. MwYZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãyj gwZb
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãym Qvgv`
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
4. weÁvb 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvwRRyi ingvb
c`v_©weÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvnv¤§` b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
5. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 1. cÖ‡dmi W. nviæb Di iwk`
ivóªweÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. W. ˆmq` nvwdRyi ingvb
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM
Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj
Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM
kvn&Rvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
2. Rbve †gvt mwdDj Avjg Lvb
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Z_¨ cÖhyw³ BÝwUwUDU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvj
f~ZË¡ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt LexiDÏxb
cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

5.welq : cwimsL¨vb
µg bvg I cèx wkÿvµg Dbœqb

KwgwU‡Z cèx
1 cÖ‡dmi W. †mKv›ì nvqvZ Lvb AvnevqK
AvBGmAviwU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2 cÖ‡dmi kvnv`r Avwj gwjøK m`m¨
cwimsL¨vb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
3 cÖ‡dmi W. Kvjxc` †mb m`m¨
cwimsL¨vb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
4 Rbve cÖ`xc Kzgvi †PŠayix m`m¨
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, bUi †Wg K‡jR, gwZwSj, XvKv|
5 Rbve bvRbxb AvLZvi mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ,GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
6. mvwe©K mgš^q KwgwU

µg bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb mvwe©K
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ I GmBGmwWwc †dvKvj c‡q›U mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` fu~Bqv mvwe©K
weZiY wbqš¿K mgš^qKvix
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

wkÿvµg
cwimsL¨vb
1. f~wgKv
cwimsL¨vb weÁv‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb kvLv|cwimsL¨vb M‡elYvi fvlv| Ávb- weÁv‡bi me©‡ÿ‡Î cwimsL¨vwbK Ávb I Gi
cÖ‡qvM me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I Ab¯x^Kvh©|ivóªxq,mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK welqvw` we‡kølY I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb QvovI AvaywbK
cwimsL¨v‡bi eënvi cÖvK…Z weÁvb, wPwKrmv weÁvb, wkí, evwbR¨, K…wl, Z_¨ I cÖhyw³mn mKj M‡elYvq AZ¨šÍ
e¨vcK|GQvov cwimsL¨v‡bi e¨vcK I mwVK cÖ‡qvM Qvov A‡bK wel‡qB D”PZi wkÿv jvf I M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
cÖvq Am¤¢e|cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ¯§vZK I ¯§vZ‡KvËi ch©v‡q welqwU cvV¨µ‡gi AšÍfz³© _vK‡jI Kvh©Z G welqwU
Kvw•LZ e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© eûc~‡e©B GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z cwimsL¨vb‡K
Avjv`v welq wn‡m‡e wkÿv`vb Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnb K‡i‡Q| MZ K‡qK eQ‡i cwimsL¨v‡bi GB AšÍfz©w³ mxwgZ n‡jI QvÎ-
QvÎx‡ì g‡a¨ cwimsL¨vb welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv aviYv w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|mg‡qi weeZ©‡b cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iæZ¡
†e‡o‡Q A‡bK ¸Y| Gi cwiwa I cwimi n‡q‡Q e¨vcK †_‡K e¨vcKZi| AvaywbKZvi ¯ú‡k© Gi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q
D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e| Z‡_ï cÖwµqvKi‡Y G‡m‡Q AvaywbKZv I beZi `„wóf½x| d‡j bZzb `„wóf½xi gva¨‡g cwimsL¨vb‡K
bZzb Avw½‡K cwi‡ek‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv- AvR mg‡qi `vex| we‡kl K‡i Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i e¨vcK Dbœqb I cÖmvi cwimsL¨vb
welq‡K K‡i‡Q AviI eënvic‡hvMx I AwaKZi kw³kvjx weÁvb|
wewfbœ kvLvi wkÿv_x©iv (†hgb weÁvb, eëmvq wkÿv, gvbweK I mvgvwRK weÁvb BZ¨vw`) hv‡Z cwimsL¨vb wel‡q
cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖv_wgK Ávb AR©b K‡i cieZx©‡Z wewfbœ wel‡qi D”PZi wkÿv I M‡elYv Ges RvZxq Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i †mB Pvwn`v‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi wkÿvµgmg‡qvc‡hvMx Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡g RwUj MvwYwZK cÖgvYvwì cÖwZ Kg ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q ev¯ZeRxeb mswkøó DcvË we‡køl‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Î
mgy‡ni h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡b cÖPwjZ †jLwPÎ QvovI AbymÜvbx DcvË we‡kølY c×wZ
(Exploratory data analysis) †hgb kvLv I cÎK Dc¯’vcb (stem and leaf display), cuvP msL¨vi mvi(five number
summery) e· I ûB¯‹vi cøU (Box and Whisker plot) BZ¨vwì cÖwZ ‡Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|cwimsL¨vwbK Ávb‡K wkÿv_x©
†hb ev¯Íe‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvMKi‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ MZvbyMwZK eënvwiK‡KcwigvR©b K‡i cÖ‡R± Iqv©K ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
bvbv Kvi‡Y wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ cwimsL¨vb m¤ú©‡K GKUv fxwZ cwijwÿZ nq|Gi djkÖæwZ‡Z wkÿv_x©iv wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î bvbvwea
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q Ges Kvh©Z D”PZi wkÿv jvf I M‡elYv cwiPvjbvq wbiærmvwnZ n‡q co‡Q|G Ae¯’v cwieZ©‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ cwimsL¨vb welqwU mnR I AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †jLK‡ì cÖwZ we‡kl wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖZ¨vkv Kiv hvq,GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwYi wkÿv_x©‡ì gv‡S cwimsL¨vb welqwU mvwe©Kfv‡e cwiwPZ Kivi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv
n‡j D”PZi ch©v‡q wkÿv I M‡elYv †ÿ‡Î µgvš^‡q D¾¡j m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`‡e|
cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 24

2. D‡Ïk¨
1. cwimsL¨vb wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb AR©b Ges ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î h_vh_ eënvi Ki‡Z mÿg nIqv|
2. wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Dcvq I Drm m¤ú©‡K Ávb jvfKiv|
3. msM„nxZ Z‡_ï mswÿßKiY, †kÖwYKiY, web¨vm I Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î mwVK c×wZ wbe©vPb I eënv‡i mÿg
nIqv|
4. ¸iæ‡Z¡i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i AbymÜvbx DcvË we‡kølY(Exploratory data analysis)c×wZ,Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I
eënvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv|
5. Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv I we¯Ívi wbY©‡qi wewfbœ cwigvc Ges Z‡_ï êwkó¨ m¤ú©‡K Ávbjvf Kiv|
6. ev¯ÍeRxeb mswkøó DcvË we‡køl‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îmg~‡ni h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg nIqv|
7. wewfbœ Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b cwimsL¨v‡bi f~wgKv I Gi Zvrch© m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv|
8. cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iZ¡c~Y© kvLv m¤¢vebv(probability)m¤ú©‡K Ávbjvf K‡i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg
nIqv|
9. evsjv‡`‡ki cwimsL¨vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i RvZxq Rxe‡b RbmsL¨v e„w×i mgm¨v m¤§‡Ü m‡PZb nIqv|
10. D”Pwkÿv Ges RvZxq Rxe‡b cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_x©‡ì AewnZ Kiv Ges m‡e©vcwi Gi
Aceënvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqv|
11. cwimsL¨v‡bi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© GKwU my¯úó aviYv wb‡q weÁvb, eëmvq wkÿv IgvbweK kvLvmn Áv‡bi wewfbœ
†ÿ‡Î eënv‡i mÿg nIqv|

3. cwigvwR©Zwkÿvµ‡gi we‡kl êwkó¨
 M‡elYvi fvlv e‡j L¨vZ cwimsL¨v‡b Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I Dc¯’vc‡b cÖPwjZ c×wZi cvkvcvwk AbymÜvbx DcvË
we‡kølY(exploratory data analysis)c×wZ †hgb: Stem and Leaf, Box & Whisker Plot, Five number
Summary wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
 wkÿvµg‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I wkÿv_x©‡ì Pvwn`v Dc‡hvMx Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ RwUj MvwYwZK cÖgvYvw` cwinvi K‡i
cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 wkÿK †hb ZË¡xq As‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ Aa¨v‡qi eënvwiK welqvw` mywbw`©ó Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ ZË¡xq wkLbd‡ji
cvkvcvwk mswkøó eënvwiK wkLbdj ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cwimsL¨vwbK Ávb‡K Av‡iv cÖ‡qvMgyLx Kivi Rb¨ MZvbyMwZK eënvwiK‡K cwigvR©b K‡i cÖ‡R± Iqv©K ms‡hvRb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkÿ‡Ki ZË¡eav‡b wkÿv_x©iv Z_¨ msMÖn, cwimsL¨vwbK cwigvc eënvi I Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i wi‡c©vU
cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
 welqe¯‘i ¸iæ‡Z¡i cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wcwiqW msL¨v wefvRb K‡i
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î Aa¨vqwfwËK eënvwi‡Ki Rb¨ wcwiqW msL¨vI wbw`©ó K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
 cwimsL¨vb welqwU mnR I AvK©lbxqfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †jLK‡ì cÖwZ we‡kl wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖ_g cÎ
4. Aa¨vq web¨vm I mgq eÈb
Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg wcwiqW msL¨v
cÖ_g cwimsL¨vb, PjK I wewfbœ cÖZx‡Ki aviYv 14
wØZxq Z_¨ msMÖn, mswÿßKiY I Dc¯’vcb 27
Z…Zxq †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv 22
PZz_© we¯Ívi cwigvc 22
cÂg cwiNvZ, ew¼gZv I m~PjZv 19
lô ms‡kølY I wbf©iY 22
mßg Kvjxb mvwi 08
Aóg evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨vb 06
wØZxq cÎ
5. Aa¨vq web¨vm I mgq eÈb

Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg wcwiqW msL¨v
cÖ_g m¤¢vebv 15
wØZxq ˆè PjK I m¤¢vebv web¨vm 11
Z…Zxq MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv 08
PZz_© wØc`x web¨vm 18
cÂg ˆcumy web¨vm 16
lô cwiwgZ web¨vm 21
mßg m~PK msL¨v 18
Aóg Bgybvqb 19
beg Rxe cwimsL¨vb 14

6. gvbe›Ub
cÖwZ c‡Î 100 b¤^‡ii cixÿv n‡e| cwimsL¨vb cÖ_g cÎ Ges wØZxq cÎ cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ gvbe›Ub wb¤œiƒc:
cÖ_g c‡Îi Rb¨ gvbeÈb cÖ_g cÎ eënvwi‡Ki gvb eÈb
cÖ_g cÎ b¤î eënvwi‡K b¤î

ZË¡xq 75 we‡eP¨ welq
eënvwiK 25 †gŠwLK 05
†gvU 100 mgm¨v mgvavb 20
(wjwLZ)
†gvU 25
wØZxq c‡Îi Rb¨ gvbeÈb wØZxq cÎ eënvwi‡Ki Rb¨ gvbeÈb
wØZxq cÎ b¤î eënvwi‡K b¤î

ZË¡xq 75 we‡eP¨ welq
eënvwiK 25 cÖ‡R± IqvK© 10
†gvU 100 †gŠwLK 05
mgm¨v mgvavb 10
(wjwLZ)
†gvU 25
wcwiqW msL¨v:
cÖwZcÎ cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ 140 wcwiqW K‡i Dfqc‡Î †gvU 280 wcwiqW wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Køv‡mi e¨vwß 60 wgwbU|
cÖ_g cÎ wcwiqW wØZxq cÎ wcwiqW

ZË¡xq 110 ZË¡xq 110
eënvwiK 30 eënvwiK 30
‡gvU 140 ‡gvU 140

7. wkÿvµg QK
cÖ_g cÎ

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: cwimsL¨vb, PjK I cÖZxK (14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cwimsL¨v‡bi aviYve¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1. cwimsL¨vb
2. cwimsL¨v‡bi DrcwË I êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. cwimsL¨v‡bi DrcwË
3. cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iæZ¡, eënvi I Kvh©vewj we‡kølY 3. ¸iæZ¡, eënvi I Kvh©vewj
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. mgMÖK, bgybv, PjK I aªæe‡Ki aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 4. mgMÖK I bgybv
cvi‡e| PjK I aªæeK
5. MyYevPK I msL¨vevPK Pj‡Ki cv_©K¨ wbiƒcb Ki‡Z 5. ¸YevPK I msL¨vevPK PjK
cvi‡e|
6. wew”Qbœ I Awew”Qbœ Pj‡Ki cv_©K¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z 6. wew”Qbœ I Awe”Qbœ PjK
cvi‡e|
7. scale of measurements Gi aviYv D`vniYmn 7. cwigvc‡bi cÖKvi‡f` (scale of measurements)
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (bvgm~PK, µwgKm~PK, †kÖwYm~PK I AvbycvwZK cwivgvcb)
8. wewfbœ Pj‡Ki scale of measurements h_©v_fv‡e 8. wewfbœ Pj‡Ki scale of
mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| measurementsmbv³KiY
9. D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ KwZcq cªZx‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v 9. KwZcq cÖZx‡Ki ( Σ, ΣΣ, ∏ BZ¨vwì) aviYv,
Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î eënvi Ki‡Z eënvi I ev¯Íe D`vniY
cvi‡e|

wØZxq Aa¨vq: Z_¨ msMÖn, mswÿßKiY I Dc¯’vcb (27 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-27 (ZË¡xq 23 +eënvwiK 04)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Z_¨, Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Z‡_ï cÖKvi‡f` 1. Z_¨, Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Z‡_ï cÖKvi‡f`
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. cÖv_wgK Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi wewfbœ c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z 2. cÖv_wgK Z_¨ msMÖn c×wZ
cvi‡e |
3. cÖv_wgK Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi wewfbœ c×wZi myweav I 3. cÖv_wgK Z_¨ msMÖn c×wZi myweav, Amyweav
Amyweav Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï wewfbœ Drm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 4. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï Drm
5. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï mxgve×Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï mxgve×Zv
6. gva¨wgK Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni e¨vcv‡i mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z 6. gva¨wgK Z_¨ msMÖ‡n mZK©Zv
cvi‡e|
7. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 7. gva¨wgK Z‡_ï ¸iæZ¡
8. Z_¨ mswÿßKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 8. Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb I mswÿßKiY (Organization
and Presentation of Data)
9. Z_¨ mswÿßKi‡Yi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9. Z_¨ mswÿßKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ
10. Z_¨ mswÿßKi‡Yi c×wZ eënvi K‡i Z_¨‡K 9.1 †kÖwYe×KiY
mswÿßiƒ‡c Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9.1.1 †kÖwYe×Ki‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
9.2 ZvwjKve×KiY
9.2.1 ZvwjKve×Ki‡Yi cÖYvjx
9.3 MYmsL¨v, MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb I Gi ¸iæZ¡
9.4 MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx
(AšÍf©y³ c×wZ I ewnfz©³ c×wZ)
9.5 cÖK…Z †kÖwYmxgv
9.6 Amg †kÖwYmxgv I †Lvjv †kÖwYmxgvi aviYv
10. Z_¨ mswÿßKi‡Yi c×wZ eënvi K‡i Z_¨‡K
mswÿßiƒ‡c Dc¯’vcb
11. ¸YevPK Z_¨‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i Z‡_ï 11. ¸YevPK, we‡klZ categorical Z_¨‡K wP‡Îi
êwkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
11.1 `Ð wPÎ (Bar diagram)
11.2 cvB wPÎ
12. msL¨vevPK Z_¨‡K ‡jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i 12. msL¨vevPK Z_¨‡K ‡jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb I
Z‡_ï êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
12.1 AvqZ‡jL, MYmsL¨v eûfzR
12.2 MYmsL¨v †iLv, AwRf †iLv
13. Z_¨‡K kvLv I cÎK Dc¯’vcb(stem and leaf)Gi 13. kvLv I cÎK Dc¯’vcb(stem and leaf display)
mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i Dcv‡Ëi êwkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
14. Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡b wPÎ I †jLwP‡Îi ¸iZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 14. Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡b wPÎ I †jLwP‡Îi ¸iZ¡
cvi‡e|
wØZxq Aa¨vq: Z_¨ msMÖn, mswÿßKiY I Dc¯’vcb Pjgvb-2
eënvwiK

15. A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨(raw/ungrouped data) n‡Z 15. MYmsL¨v web¨vm ˆZwiKiY
MYmsL¨v web¨vm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
16. MYmsL¨v web¨vm n‡Z AvqZ‡jL, MYmsL¨v †iLv, 16. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb
MYmsL¨v eûfzR I AwRf †iLv A¼b I stem 16.1 AvqZ‡jL
and leaf displayDc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 16.2 MYmsL¨v eûfzR
16.3 MbmsL¨v †iLv
16.4 AwRf †iLv
16.5 kvLv I cÎK Dc¯’vcb ( stem and leaf
display)

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv (22 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW:22 (ZË¡xq 16 +eënvwiK 06)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv I Zvi cwigvc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv
2. wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigvc eY©bv Ki‡Z 2. wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigvc
cvi‡e|
3. wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigvc wbY©q Ki‡Z 3. A‡kÖwYK…Z I †kÖwYK…Z Z‡_ï Rb¨
cvi‡e| 3.1 MvwYwZK Mo
3.2 R¨vwgwZK Mo
3.3 Zi½ Mo
3.4 ga¨gv I cÖPziK
3.5 fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo /mw¤§wjZ MvwYwZK Mo
4. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi wewfbœ cwigv‡ci eënvi e¨vL¨v 4. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi wewfbœ cwigv‡ci eënvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. Av`©k cwigv‡ci êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. Av`©k cwigv‡ci êwkó¨
6. wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigv‡ci Zzjbvg~jK 6. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigv‡ci Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. Z‡_ï cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i †Kvb‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi 7. †Kvb ai‡bi cwigvc ‡Kv_vq Dchy³
cwigvc eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e-G e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z
cvi‡e|
8. †Kw›`ªq cªeYZv m¤ú©wKZ KwZcq MvwYwZK m~Î cÖgvY 8. †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv m¤ú©wKZ KwZcq MvwYwZK m~Î
I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 8.1 Z_¨mvwii gvb¸‡jv n‡Z Mo eëav‡bi mgwó
k~‡bï mgvb|
8.2 Z_¨mvwii gvb¸‡jv n‡Z Mo eëav‡bi e‡M©i
mgwó ÿz`ªZg|
8.3 MvwYwZK Mo g~j I gvcbxi Dci wbf©ikxj|
8.4 = †hLv‡b = =
8.5 `yBwU abvZ¥K ivwki Rb¨, . ≥ . ≥
.
8.6 `yBwU abvZ¥K ivwki Rb¨, . × . =
( . )
8.7 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi Rb¨
MvwYwZK Mo =
̅ ̅
8.8 `yB †mU Z‡_ï †ÿ‡Î =
9. PZz_©K, `kgK, kZg‡Ki avibv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 9. PZz_©K, `kgK, kZg‡Ki avibv
cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
10. A‡kÖwYK…Z I †kÖwYK…Z Z‡_ï Rb¨ MvwYwZK Mo, 10.A‡kÖwYK…Z I †kÖwYK…Z Z‡_ï Rb¨ MvwYwZK Mo,
mw¤§wjZ MvwYwZK Mo, R¨vwgwZK Mo, Zi½ Mo, mw¤§wjZ MvwYwZK Mo, R¨vwgwZK Mo, Zi½ Mo wbY©q
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. AvqZ‡jL A¼b I AwRf‡iLv A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 11. AvqZ‡jL I AwRf‡iLv A¼b
12. AwRf †iLv n‡Z ga¨gv, PZz_©K, `kgK, kZgK I 12. AwRf‡iLvi mvnv‡h¨ PZz_©K, `kgK, kZgK wbY©q
cÖPziK wbY©q cvi‡e|
13. AvqZ‡jL I AwRf †iLv n‡Z ga¨gv, PZz_©K, 13. AvqZ‡jL I AwRf †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi
`kgK, kZgK I cÖPziK wbY©q K‡i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi mgm¨vi mgvavb
DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

PZy_© Aa¨vq:we¯Ívi cwigvc (22 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW: 22 (ZË¡xq 16 +eënvwiK 06)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. we¯Ívi I Zvi cwigv‡ci cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 1. we¯Ívi I Zvi cwigv‡ci cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
cvi‡e|
2. wewfbœ cÖKvi we¯Ívi cwigvc eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. wewfbœ cÖKvi we¯Ívi cwigvc
2.1 Ab‡cÿ we¯Ívi cwigvc
2.1.1 cwimi
2.1.2 Mo eëavb
2.1.3 †f`v¼
2.1.4 PZz_©K eëavb
2.1.5 cwiwgZ eëavb
2.2 Av‡cwÿK we¯Ívi cwigvc
2.21 we‡f`v¼
2 wewfbœ cÖKvi cwigv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ we¯Ívi cwigvc Ki‡Z 3. wewfbœ cÖKvi cwigv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ we¯Ívi cwigvc
cvi‡e|
3 †f`v¼ I we‡f`v‡¼i Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v K‡i eënvi 4. †f`v¼ I we‡f`v‡¼i Dc‡hvwMZv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4 †f`v¼ I cwiwgZ eëav‡bi Dci g~j I †¯‹j 5. †f`v¼ I cwiwgZ eëav‡bi Dci g~j I †¯‹j
cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges cÖ‡qvM cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5 wewfbœ cÖKvi we¯Ívi cwigv‡ci myweav Amyweav 6. wewfbœ cÖKvi we¯Ívi cwigv‡ci Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
6 wewfbœ cwiw¯_wZ‡Z wewfbœ cwigv‡ci Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v 7. †Kvb ‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb cwigvc Dc‡hvMx
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7 we¯Ívi cwigv‡ci KwZcq m~Î cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 8. we¯Ívi cwigv‡ci cÖgvYvw`
8.1 `yBwU Amg abvZœK msL¨vi Rb¨ = =
8.2 n msL¨K abvZœK msL¨vi†ÿ‡Î 100√ − 1 >
.
8.3 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †f`v¼
8 mw¤§wjZ cwiwgZ eëav‡bi m~Î eY©bv K‡i eënvi 9. mw¤§wjZ cwiwgZ eëav‡bi m~Î
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9.1 `yB †mU Z‡_ï Rb¨ mw¤§wjZ †f`v¼
9 ev¯Íe‡ÿ‡Î we¯Ívi cwigvc eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 10. ev¯Íe‡ÿ‡Î we¯Ívi cwigvc eënvi m¤^wjZ D`vniY
eënvwiK
10 cÖ`Ë Z_¨ n‡Z cwimi, Mo eëavb, †f`v¼, cwiwgZ 11. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ n‡Z cwimi, Mo eëavb, †f`v¼,
eëavb I we‡f`v¼ wbY©q Ges Z‡_ï êwkó¨ we‡kølY cwiwgZ eëavb I we‡f`v¼ wbY©q Ges e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cÂgAa¨vq: cwiNvZ, ew¼gZv I m~uPjZv (19 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW: 19(ZË¡xq 13 +eënvwiK 06)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cwiNv‡Zi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1. cwiNvZ I cwiNv‡Zi cÖKvi‡f`
2. A‡kvwaZ cwiNvZ‡K †kvwaZ cwiNv‡Z iƒcvšÍi 2. A‡kvwaZ cwiNvZ‡K †kvwaZ cwiNv‡Z iƒcvšÍi
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. cwiNv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I eënvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 3. cwiNv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I eënvi
cvi‡e|
4. ew¼gZv I Gi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 4. ew¼gZv I Gi cÖKvi‡f`
5. wewfbœ cÖKvi ew¼gZvi cwigvc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. wewfbœ cÖKvi ew¼gZvi cwigvc
6. mu~PjZv I Gi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. mu~PjZv I Gi cÖKvi‡f`
7. mu~PjZvi cwigvc n‡Z Z‡_ï êwkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z 7. mu~PjZvi cwigvc
cvi‡e|
8. cvuP msL¨vi mvi (five numbers summary) 8. cvuP msL¨vi mvi (five numbers summary) I
eënvi K‡i Z‡_ï êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gi eënvi
9. Box & Whisker Plot Gi mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨ we‡kølY 9. Box & Whisker PlotG Z‡_ï Dc¯’vcb I
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡_ï we‡kølY
eënvwiK
10. cÖ_g PviwU cwiNvZ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 10. Z_¨ n‡Z cÖ_g PviwU cwiNvZ wbY©q
11. m~uPjZv I ew¼gZv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 11. m~uPjZv I ew¼gZv wbY©q I aib wbY©q
12. Box & Whisker Plot Ges cuvP msL¨vi mvi 12. Box & Whisker Plot‰ZixI cuvP msL¨vi mvi
(five numbers summary) Gi mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨ (five numbers summary) wbY©q I êwkó¨
Dc¯’vcb I Gi êwkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| we‡kølY

lôAa¨vq: ms‡kølY I wbf©iY (22 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW:22 (ZË¡xq 16 +eënvwiK 06)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wØPjK wewkó Z_¨ I ms‡kø‡li aviYv 1. wØPjK wewkó Z_¨
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. mnR ms‡kølY I Gi aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 2. mnR ms‡køl I Gi aib(nature)
cvi‡e|
3. wØPjKwewkó Z‡_ï ms‡kølY cwigvc 3. mnR ms‡kø‡li cwigvc
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï we‡ÿc wPÎ A¼b Ges 4. we‡ÿc wPÎ
ms‡kø‡li aib we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. mn‡f`v¼ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. mn‡f`v¼ I ms‡kølv¼
6. ms‡kølv‡¼i ag© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. ms‡kølv‡¼i ag©, cÖgvY I eënvi
7. ms‡kølv‡¼i ag© cÖgvY Ges eënvi 7. ms‡kølv‡¼i ag©:
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 7.1 ms‡kølv‡¼i g~j I gvcbxi Dci wbf©ikxjZv
7.2 = .
7.3 −1 ≤ ≤ 1
7.4 mnR µg ms‡køl
8. wbf©iY I wbf©iv¼ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 8. wbf©iY I wbf©iv¼
cvi‡e|
9. wØPj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î wbf©iY †iLv m~‡Îi 9. m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wbf©iY †iLv wbiƒcb(cÖgvY cÖ‡qvRb bvB) I
mvnv‡h¨ wbiƒcb Ges c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
10. A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ n‡Z ms‡kølv¼ wbY©q 10. A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ n‡Z ms‡kølv¼ wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. mnR µg ms‡køl wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 11. mnR µg ms‡køl wbY©q
12. we‡ÿc wPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 12. we‡ÿc wPÎ A¼b
13. wbf©iY †iLv wbiƒcY K‡i c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb 13. wbf©iY †iLv wbiƒcY (m~Î eënvi K‡i)
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
14. wewfbœ dvsk‡bi †jL A¼b Ki‡Z 14. wewfbœ dvsk‡bi †jL A¼b
cvi‡e| 14.1 = +
14.2 =
14.3 =
14.4 =
14.5 = + +
14.6 = + log

mßg Aa¨vq: Kvjxb mvwi (08 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW:08 (ZË¡xq 6 +eënvwiK 02)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Kvjxb mvwii aviYv Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 1. Kvjxb mvwi
2. Kvjxb mvwii wewfbœ Dcv`vb eY©bv Ki‡Z 2. Kvjxb mvwii wewfbœ Dcv`vb
cvi‡e|
3. gy³ n¯Í‡iLv c×wZ, AvavMo c×wZ, PwjÂy Mo 3. Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv wbY©‡qi wewfbœ
c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv c×wZ
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 3.1 gy³ n¯Í‡iLv c×wZ
3.2 AvavMo c×wZ
3.3 PwjÂz Mo c×wZ
4. mgqwfwËK Z‡_ï MwZaviv wbiƒcb Ki‡Z 4. Kvjxb mvwii eënvi
cvi‡e Ges welqwfwËK c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
5. Kvjxb mvwi †_‡K mvaviY aviv wbY©q Ges 5. Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv wbY©q I c~e©vfvm
c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wbY©q
Aóg Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨vb (06 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW:06
wkLbdj welqe¯Íy
1. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi wewfbœ 1. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi wewfbœ Drm
Drm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi †kÖwYwefvM 2. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi †kÖwYwefvM
3. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi mxgve×Zv 3. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi mxgve×Zv
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges DrKl©Zv e„w×‡Z I DrKl©Zv e„w×i Dcvq
mycvwik cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx 4. me©‡kl Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx cÖKvwkZ Z_¨
cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (RbmsL¨v m¤ú©wKZ)

cwimsL¨vb wØZxq cÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : m¤¢vebv (15 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-15

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. m¤¢vebvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ welq D`vniYmn eY©bv 1. m¤¢vebvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ welq
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.1 cixÿv, ˆè cixÿv, †Póv (Trial)
1.2 bgybvwe›`y, bgybv‡ÿÎ, NUbv
1.3 ci¯úi eR©bkxj NUbv, ci¯úi AeR©bkxj
NUbv
1.4 wbwðZ I AwbwðZ NUbv
1.5 wbf©ikxj I Awbf©ikxj NUbv
1.6 Am¤¢e NUbv, cwic~iK NUbv
2. †mU , web¨vm I mgv‡ek Kx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. †mU , web¨vm I mgv‡ek
3. m¤¢vebvi wewfbœ msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 3. m¤¢vebvi MvwYwZK (Classical/Perior ), Av‡ivnx
(Empirical/Posterior), Ges m¤¢vebvi ¯^Ztwm×
wfwËK (Axiomatic) msÁv
4. kZ©vaxb m¤¢vebv, ¯^vaxb m¤¢vebvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 4. kZ©vaxb m¤¢vebv I ¯^vaxb m¤¢vebv
cvi‡e| ( D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨)
5. ci¯úi eR©bkxj I AeR©bkxj NUbvi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi 5. ci¯úi eR©bkxj I AeR©bkxj NUbvi Rb¨
†hvMm~‡Îi cÖgvY I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| m¤¢vebvi †hvMm~Î
6. Awbf©ikxj I wbf©ikxj NUbvi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi ¸Ybm~Î 6. Awbf©ikxj I wbf©ikxj NUbvi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi
eY©bv I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ¸Ybm~Î (cÖgvY e¨ZxZ)
7. ev¯Íe RxebwfwËK mnR mgm¨v mgvav‡b m¤¢vebvi 7. MvwYwZK mgm¨v

aviYv I m~Îmgyn cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (ev¯ÍeRxebwfwËK mgm¨v †hgb- ej, gy`ªv, Q°v
BZ¨vwì mvnv‡h¨)

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ˆè PjK I m¤¢vebv web¨vm (11 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-11
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. ˆè PjK, wew”Qbœ I Awew”Qbœ ˆè PjK mbv³ Ki‡Z 1. ˆè PjK, wew”Qbœ I Awew”Qbœ ˆè PjK
cvi‡e|
2. dvskb I mgvKj‡bi cÖv_wgK aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. dvskb I mgvKj‡bi cÖv_wgK aviYv
3. ∫ , ( + ) Ges ∫ , m~‡Îi 3. ∫ , ( + ) Ges ∫
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM
4. m¤¢vebv dvskb ,m¤¢vebv NbZ¡ dvskb aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 4. m¤¢vebv dvskb, m¤¢vebv NbZ¡ dvsk‡bi aviYv
cvi‡e|
5. m¤¢vebv dvskb, m¤¢vebv NbZ¡ dvskb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. m¤¢vebv dvskb, m¤¢vebv NbZ¡ dvsk‡bi wbY©q
6. web¨vm dvskb, hy³ m¤¢vebv dvskb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. web¨vm dvskb, hy³ m¤¢vebv dvskb
7. m¤¢vebv dvskb m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 7. m¤¢vebv dvskb m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vi mgvavb
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq :MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv (08 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-08 (ZË¡xq 07 +eënvwiK 01)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv, ˆè Pj‡Ki †f`v¼, mn‡f`v¼ I 1. MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkvi msÁv, ˆè Pj‡Ki †f`v¼,
cwiNvZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| mn‡f`v¼ I cwiNvZ
2. MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I †f`v‡¼i ag© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I †f`v‡¼i ag©
3. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I ¸Ybm~‡Îi 3. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ¸Ybm~‡Îi eY©bv
4. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I ¸Ybm~‡Îi 4. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ¸Ybm~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM
5. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I ¸Ybm~Î 5. `yBwU Pj‡Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMm~Î I ¸Ybm~Î
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
6. dvsk‡bi MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I †f`v¼ wbY©q Ki‡Z 6. dvsk‡bi MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I †f`v¼
cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
7. ev¯Íe RxebwfwËK mgm¨vi mvnv‡h¨ MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I 7. MvwYwZK cÖZ¨vkv I †f`v¼ wbY©q
†f`v¼ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

PZy_© Aa¨vq :wØc`x web¨vm (18 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-18 (ZË¡xq 14 +eënvwiK 04)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. ev‡b©vjx Uªvqvj I Gi êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1. ev‡b©vjx Uªvqvj I Zvi êwkó¨
2. wØc`x web¨vm, wØc`x web¨v‡mi m~Î I m¤¢vebv dvskb 2. wØc`x web¨vm, wØc`x web¨v‡mi m~Î
D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. wØc`x web¨v‡mi m¤¢vebvi dvskb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 3. wØc`x web¨v‡mi m¤¢vebv dvskb
4. wØc`x web¨v‡mi Dchy³Zv ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi 4. †hme †ÿ‡Î wØc`x web¨vm cÖ‡hvR¨ Zvi D`vniY
mvnv‡h¨hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡e
5. wØc`x web¨v‡mi Mo I †f`v¼ wbY©q K‡i Zv‡ì Zzjbv 5. wØc`x web¨v‡mi Mo I †f`v¼ wbY©q I Zv‡ì
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Zzjbv
6. wØc`x web¨v‡mi ag©vewj I eënvi eY©bv Ki‡Z 6. wØc`x web¨v‡mi ag©vewj I eënvi
cvi‡e|
7. wØc`x web¨v‡mi wewfbœ mgm¨vewj mgvavb Ki‡Z 7. ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wØc`x web¨v‡mi
cvi‡e| mgm¨vewj
8. ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wØc`x web¨v‡mi m¤¢vebv wbY©q 8. cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUb msL¨vi Zzjbv
Ges cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨vi Zzjbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
9. ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î wØc`x web¨vm wgjKiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9. ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î wØc`x web¨vm wgjKiY
eënvwiK
10. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ wØc`x web¨vm wgjKiY 10. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ wØc`x web¨vm wgjKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨vi Zzjbv 11. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨v Zzjbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cÂg Aa¨vq: ˆcmyu web¨vm (16 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-16 (ZË¡xq 12 +eënvwiK 04)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. ˆcumy PjK I ˆcumy web¨v‡mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 1. ˆcumy PjK I ˆcumy web¨vm
cvi‡e|
2. ˆcumy Pj‡Ki ev¯Íe D`vniY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. ˆcumy Pj‡Ki ev¯Íe D`vniY
3. wØc`x web¨vm n‡Z ˆcumy web¨v‡mi m¤¢vebv dvskb wbY©q 3. wØc`x web¨vm n‡Z ˆcumy web¨v‡mi m¤¢vebv dvskb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi Mo I †f`v¼ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 4. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi Mo I †f`v¼
5. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi eënvi I ag©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi eënvi I ag©vewj
6. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi wewfbœ mgm¨vewj mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. ˆcumy web¨v‡mi wewfbœ mgm¨vewj
eënvwiK
7. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ ‰cumy web¨vm wgjKiY 7. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ ‰cumy web¨vm wgjKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨v Zzjbv 8. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨v Zzjbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

lô Aa¨vq : cwiwgZ web¨vm (21 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-21 (ZË¡xq 16+eënvwiK 07)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cwiwgZ PjK, cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z 1. cwiwgZ web¨vm
cvi‡e|
2. cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi †jLwPÎ
3. Av`k© cwiwgZ PjK Ges cwiwgZ Pj‡Ki Mo I 3. Av`k© cwiwgZ PjK Ges Gi Mo I †f`v¼
†f`v¼ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. cwiwgZ web¨vm I cwiwgZ †iLvi ag©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 4. cwiwgZ web¨vm I cwiwgZ †iLvi ag©vewj
cvi‡e|
5. cwiwgZ †iLvi †jLwPÎ n‡Z Z‡_ï êwkó¨ we‡kølY 5. cwiwgZ †iLvi †jLwPÎ n‡Z Z‡_ï êwkó¨
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
6. cwiwgZ m¤¢vebv mviwYi eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. cwiwgZ m¤¢vebv mviwY
7. wØc`x web¨vm I ˆcumy web¨v‡mi m‡½ cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi 7. wØc`x web¨vm I ˆcumy web¨v‡mi m‡½ cwiwgZ
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| web¨v‡mi m¤úK©(cÖgvY e¨ZxZ)
8. cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi wewfbœ mgm¨vewj mgvavb Ki‡Z 8. cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi wewfbœ mgm¨vewj
cvi‡e|
9. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cwiwgZ web¨vm Dchy³ Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z 9. cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi Dchy³Zv
cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
10. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ cwiwgZ web¨vm wgjKiY 10. MYmsL¨v web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ cwiwgZ web¨vm
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wgjKiY
11. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨v Zzjbv 11. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß I cÖZ¨vwkZ NUbmsL¨v Zzjbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

mßg Aa¨vq : m~PK msL¨v (18 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-18 (ZË¡xq 12 +eënvwiK 06)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. m~PK msL¨v I Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1. m~PK msL¨v I Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
2. wewfbœ ai‡Yi m~PK msL¨v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e 2. wewfbœ ai‡Yi m~PK msL¨v
(g~j¨ m~PK msL¨v, cwigvY m~PK msL¨v BZ¨vw`)
3. mvaviY I fvi Av‡ivwcZ m~PK msL¨v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 3. mvaviY I fvi Av‡ivwcZ m~PK msL¨v
cvi‡e|
4. mvaviY I fvi Av‡ivwcZ m~P‡Ki cv_©K¨ wbiƒcb Ki‡Z 4. mvaviY I fvi Av‡ivwcZ m~P‡Ki cv_©K¨
cvi‡e|
5. wewfbœ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ m~PK msL¨v wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5. m~PK msL¨v wbY©q c×wZ
6. m~PK msL¨vi wewfbœ cixÿv m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. m~PK msL¨vi wewfbœ cixÿv
7. Av`k© m~PK msL¨v mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 7. Av`k© m~PK msL¨v

8. Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q m~PK msL¨v wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 8. Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q m~PK msL¨v wbY©q c×wZ
9. m~PK msL¨v eënvi K‡i mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9. m~PK msL¨vi eënvi
eënvwiK
10. wewfbœ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ g~j¨ I cwigvY m~PK msL¨v wbY©q 10. g~j¨ I cwigvY m~PK msL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q m~PK msL¨v wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 11. RxebhvÎvi e¨q m~PK msL¨v
12. m~PK msL¨vi wewfbœ cixÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 12. m~PK msL¨vi wewfbœ cixÿv
13. Av`k© m~PK msL¨v mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 13. Av`k© m~PK msL¨v mbv³KiY

Aóg Aa¨vq : bgybvqb (19 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-19 (ZË¡xq 15 +eënvwiK 04)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. bgybvqb m¤ú©wKZ wewfbœ welqvw` D`vniYmn eY©bv 1. bgybvqb m¤ú©wKZ wewfbœ welqvw`:
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.1 bgybv, Z_¨wek¦,
1.2 mmxg I Amxg Z_¨wek¦,
1.3 bgybv GKK,bgybv AvKvi,
1.4 e„nr bgybv, civwgwZ bgybvR
2. bgybvR Rixc I ïgvixi myweav I Amyweav we‡kølY 2. bgybvR Rixc I ïgvixi myweav I Amyweav
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. bgybvR ÎæwU I AbgybvR ÎæwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 3. bgybvR ÎæwU I AbgybvR ÎæwU Ges Zv n«v‡mi
Dcvq
4. bgybvR ÎæwU I AbgybvR ÎæwU¸‡jv Kgv‡bvi Dcvq 4. bgybvR ÎæwU I AbgybvR ÎæwU n«v‡mi Dcvq
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. m¤¢vebv bgybvqb I D‡Ïk¨g~jK bgybvqb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 5. m¤¢vebv bgybvqb I D‡Ïk¨g~jK bgybvqb
cvi‡e|
6. mij ˆè bgybvqb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

5.
6. mij ˆè bgybvqb
7. mij ˆè bgybvq‡bi Mo I †f`v‡¼i m~Î eY©bv I 7. mij ˆè bgybvq‡bi Mo I †f`v¼
eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. bgybv Rix‡ci Rb¨ cÖkœgvjv cÖYq‡bi mvaviY wb‡`©kbv 8. bgybv Rix‡ci Rb¨ cÖkœgvjv cÖYq‡bi mvaviY
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wb‡`©kbv
eënvwiK
9. mij ˆè bgybvqb Mo I †f`vsK wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 9. mij ˆè bgybvqb Mo I †f`vsK wbY©q
10. bgybv Rix‡ci Rb¨ mnR cÖkœgvjv ˆZix (wkÿ‡Ki 10. bgybv Rix‡ci Rb¨ mnR cÖkœgvjv ˆZix
mnvqZvq), Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq) Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡kølY

beg Aa¨vq :Rxe cwimsL¨vb (14 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-14 (ZË¡xq 10 +eënvwiK 04)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Rxe cwimsL¨vb I Gi wewfbœ Drm eY©bv Ki‡Z 1. Rxe cwimsL¨vb I Gi wewfbœ Drm
cvi‡e|
2. Rxe cwimsL¨vb m¤ú©wKZ wewfbœ AbycvZ I nvi 2. Rxe cwimsL¨vb m¤ú©wKZ wewfbœ AbycvZ I
mg~‡ni e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| nvimg~n :
2.1 wbf©ikxjZvi AbycvZ, wj½ AbycvZ
2.2 RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡, A‡kvwaZ Rb¥nvi
2.3 mvaviY cÖRbb nvi,eqtµwgK cÖRbb
nvi
2.4 †gvU cÖRbb nvi,¯’zj I bxU nvi
2.5 A‡kvwaZ g„Zz¨nvi
2.6 RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi
3. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ cÖKvi 3. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi e„w× m¤ú©‡K aviYv
RbwgwZK nvi wbY©q K‡i RbmsL¨v e„w× m¤ú©‡K
gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
eënvwiK
4. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ cÖKvi 4. Rxe cwimsL¨vb m¤ú©wKZ wewfbœ AbycvZ I
RbwgwZK nvi wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| nvimgyn :
4.1 wbf©ikxjZvi AbycvZ, wj½ AbycvZ,
4.2 RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡, A‡kvwaZ Rb¥nvi,
4.3 mvaviY cÖRbb nvi, eqtµwgK
cÖRbb nvi,
4.4 †gvU cÖRbb nvi,¯’zj I bxU nvi,
4.5 A‡kvwaZ g„Zz¨nvi, RbmsL¨v e„w×i
nvi

eënvwi‡Ki Rb¨ we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
M‡elYvi fvlv wnmv‡e eZ©gvb we‡k¦ cwimsL¨v‡bi eënvi w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| bZzb bZzb wel‡qi M‡elYv‡ÿ‡ÎI
cwimsL¨vwbK Z‡Ë¡i e¨vcK cÖ‡qvM n‡”Q| ZvB wewfbœ M‡elYvagx© ev¯Íe Dcv‡Ë cwimsL¨vb Z‡Ë¡i mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj
AeMZ nIqvi Rb¨ eënvwiK cwimsL¨vb Ges cÖ‡R± Iqv‡K©i weKí †bB| RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K
cwigvwR©Z I bevqbK…Z cwimsL¨vb welqK wkÿvµ‡g eënvwi‡Ki Rb¨ mycvwik wb¤œi~c:
 ZË¡xq cwimsL¨v‡bi cÖwZ Aa¨v‡qi cvV`v‡bi cvkvcvwk eënvwiK K¬vm MÖnY I g~j¨vq‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 msM„wnZ Z_¨ Dc¯’v‡bi Rb¨ MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb MVb, wewfbœ †jLwP‡Î Dc¯’vcbmn AbymÜvbx DcvË we‡kølY
(exploratory data analysis)c×wZi kvLv cÎK Dc¯’vcb (stem and leaf display), mn cuvP msL¨vi
mvi(five number summary) ,e· ûB¯‹vi cø‡U(Box and Whisker plot)Dc¯’vcb K‡i Dcv‡Ëi ‰ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wewfbœ †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZv, we¯Ívi, cwiNvZ, m~PjZv, ew¼gZvi cwigvc, ms‡køl I wbf©ib cwigvc I gšÍe¨,Kvjxb mvwi
we‡kølY, m~PK msL¨v,Rxe cwimsL¨vb welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi m~Î I wbqgvewj Aa¨vqwfwËK ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi
mvnv‡h¨ nv‡Z Kj‡g wkÿvi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|
 wewfbœ m¤¢vebv web¨vm wgjKiY,bgybvqb welqK mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi myÎ I wbqgvewj eënvwiK cwimsL¨v‡b Aa¨vq
wfwËK nv‡Z Kj‡g wkÿv w`‡Z n‡e|
 Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z cwimsL¨v‡bi wkÿv_x©‡K GKwU cÖ‡R± mym¤úbœ K‡i Rgv w`‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ‡R± IqvK© n‡e bgybv RixcwfwËK| cÖwZ wkÿv_x© wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq GKwU cÖkœgvjv ˆZwi K‡i wb‡RB DcvË
msMÖn Ki‡e| msM„wnZ DcvË h_vh_fv‡e MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb I †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb, we‡kølY (Mo, †f`v¼,
m~PjZv,ew¼gZv BZ¨vw`) gšÍe¨mn cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| welq wkÿKB cÖ‡R± IqvK© g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

†jLK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
cwimsL¨vb welqwU m¤ú©‡Kbvbv Kvi‡Y wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ A‡nZzK fxwZ cwijwÿZ nq| wkÿvµ‡g ev¯Íe Rxeb
mswkøó welqvwì Afve Ges cvV¨welqvwì Dc¯’vcb AvK©lbxq I mnR‡eva¨ bv nIqv Gi Ab¨Zg KviY|ZvB
†jLKMY cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Av‡jvPbv cwinvi K‡i wkÿvµg Abyhvqx welqe¯‘ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| wewfbœ m~‡Îi
Dci Kg †Rvi w`‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îmg~‡ni eënvi K‡i bvbviKg mgm¨v mgvav‡b AwaK ¸iZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| e¨vL¨v,
cÖ‡qvM I we‡kølY‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡eb|
cÖ_g cÎ iPbvq †jLK‡ì Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv

cÖ_g Aa¨vq
 cwimsL¨vb k‡ãi DrcwË, BwZnvm, wewea eënvi I êwkó¨¸‡jv m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv _vK‡e|
 wewfbœ cwimsL¨vbwe`‡ì †hgb BDj I †KÛvj, µ·Ub KvD‡Wb I Avi G wdkvi, †mwµó I Ab¨vb¨
mycwiwPZ cwimsL¨vbwe`‡ì †Ìqv msÁv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i me©RbM„nxZ cwimsL¨v‡bi msÁv w`‡Z n‡e|
 M‡elYvi fvlv wnmv‡e eZ©gvb we‡k¦ cwimsL¨v‡bi eûj eënvi we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
 mgMÖK,bgybv, PjK I aªæeK Ges cwigvc‡bi cÖKvi‡f` ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e|
 MvwYwZK cÖZxKmg~‡ni aviYv I eënvi m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv _vK‡Z n‡e|wkÿv_x©iv †h‡nZy cwimsL¨v‡b Σ, ΣΣ,
∏ wPý mgy‡ni mv‡_ cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv cwiwPZ n‡e, ZvB †jLK wewfbœ D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g welqwU Dc¯’vc‡b
we‡kl hZœevb n‡eb
wØZxq Aa¨vq
 Z_¨ msMÖn, mvRv‡bv I Dc¯’vcb cwimsL¨v‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mwVK cÖwµqv
mnRfvlvq eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e| BDGmG I KvbvWv †_‡K mv¤úªwZKKv‡j cÖKvwkZ cy¯ÍKvwì mvnvh¨ †bqv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
 Z_¨ †kÖwYe×KiY, MYmsL¨v cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx Gi myweav I mxgve×Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ev¯Íe Z‡_ï D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g
Av‡jvwPZ welqvw` Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
 Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡b †jLwP‡Îi ¸iæZ¡, Dc¯’vcb c×wZ, kvLv cÎK Dc¯’vcb mn (stem and leaf display)
me ai‡bi †jLwP‡Îi Dc‡hvMxZv I h_v_©Zvi e¨vL¨v _vK‡Z n‡e|
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
 †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi aviYv, cwigvc, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ev¯ÍewfwËK D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
 wewfbœ cwigv‡ci g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
 fvj cwigv‡ci ¸Yv¸b e¨vL¨v K‡i †Kw›`ªq cÖeYZvi cwigvç‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 wewfbœ D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cwigv‡ci Dc‡hvMxZv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
PZz_© Aa¨vq
 we¯Ívi, we¯Ívi cwigv‡ci cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cwigvcmg~n ev¯Íe D`vniYmn Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

 cwigvcmg~‡ni ¸Yv¸b, mxgve×Zv BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv K‡i †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †Kvb cwigvc Dc‡hvMx Zv Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡eb|
 cvV¨µ‡g D‡jøwLZ m~Î/MvwYwZK mgm¨vejxi cÖgvYvw` mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

cÂg Aa¨vq
 ew¼gZv I m~PjZvi aviYv, wewfbœ cÖKvi cwiNvZ, ew¼gZv I m~PjZvi cwigvc mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
 e· I ûB¯‹vi cø‡Ui (box whisker plot) gva¨‡g Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb, cuvP msL¨vi mvi I G‡ì gva¨‡g
Z‡_ï êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Kivi Dcvq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
lô Aa¨vq
 wØPjK Z_¨, ms‡køl, mn‡f`v¼ I wbf©i‡Yi aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v _vK‡e|
 mnR ms‡kø‡li cwigvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i ev¯Íe Z_¨ †_‡K Zv wbY©q K‡i †`Lv‡eb|
 we‡ÿc wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i ms‡køl I wbf©iY m¤ú‡K© aviYv wb‡q wKfv‡e Z_¨ m¤ú©‡K gšÍe¨
Kiv hvq Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
mßg Aa¨vq
 Kvjxb mvwii aviYv, Kvjxb mvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v _vK‡e|

 Kvjxb mvwii aviv wbY©‡qi wewfbœ c×wZ D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
Aóg Aa¨vq
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi wewfbœ Drm,cwimsL¨v‡bi †kÖwYweb¨vm D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvPbv _vK‡e|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨v‡bi mxgve×Zv I DrKl©Zv wKfv‡e e„w× Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_g c‡Îi Rb¨ mnvqK MÖš’

 Yale,G.U and M.G Kendall(1950)-An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
 Tukey,W. John(1977)- Exploratory Data Analysis Addison-Wesley.
 Anderson,David, R Dennis J.Sweeney and Thomas A William(1981)-Introduction to
statistics.West Publishing Co. York
 Levin,Jack and James A Fox(1997)-Elementary Statistics in Social Reaserch,Longman.

wØZxq cÎ iPbvq †jL‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
 wkÿvµ‡g welqvewj †h µgvbymv‡i †`qv Av‡Q †mfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

 cÖ‡qvR‡b AwZwi³ Av‡jvPbv cwinvi K‡i m~‡Îi cÖgvYvwì Dci Kg ¸iZ¡ w`‡q m~Îmg~n eënvi K‡i mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi cÖwZ ¸iZ¡ w`‡eb|
 eB iPbvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Rxeb m¤ú©wKZ D`vniY w`‡Z n‡e Ges Abykxjbx‡Z †mB ai‡bi mgm¨v mwbœ‡ekb
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Abykxjbxi cÖ_gw`KKvi K‡qKwU mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i †`Lv‡eb|
 †jLK RwUjZv cwinvi K‡i mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖwZ †ewk †Rvi w`‡eb|
 wkLbdj AR©‡bi Dc‡hvMx K‡i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
GQvovI K‡qKwU Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl wb‡`©kbv wb‡¤œ †Ìqv n‡jv:
 wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi mgvKjb Av‡jvPbvq ∫ , ( + ) Ges ∫ m~Î¸‡jv D`vni‡Yi

gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|(m~‡Îi cÖwZcv`b cÖ‡qvRb †bB)
 PZz_©,cÂg I lô Aa¨v‡qi †ÿ‡Î ev‡b©vjx Uªv‡qj, wØc`x web¨vm, †cu‡mv web¨vm I cwiwgZ web¨v‡mi g~j
êwkó¨mg~n, †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †Kvb web¨vm Dchy³- D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
 Aóg Aa¨v‡q bgybvR µzwU I AbygvbvR µzwUi Drm I Zv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvqmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ mij ˆè bgybvq‡bi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 beg Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ AbycvZ I nvimg~n wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki mv¤úªwZK I wbf©i‡hvM¨ DcvË mgyn
eënvi Ki‡eb|
†jLK cvV¨cy¯ÍK iPbvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi eB¸‡jvi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡Z cv‡ib-
 Mendenhall, Beaver, Beaver and E. Ahmad(2009) Introduction of Probability

and statistics,Nelson
 John E. Freund, Ronald E.Walpole Mathematical Statistics 4 th Edition
 Hines W.W, D.C Montgomery,D. M. Goldsman, and C M. Borer. Probability

and Statistics in Engineering,
 John.Wiley and Sons Inc.4th edition.(2003) . Newbold, Paul. "Statistics for
Business and Economics",. Prentice Hall, International Edition.
 Lind, A. Douglas, William. G. Marchal and Samuel A. Wathen. "Statistical
Techniques in Business & Economics". McGRAW-Hill, International Edition.

eënvwi‡Ki Rb¨ †jLK‡ì cÖwZ wb‡`©kbv
 msM„nxZ Dcv‡Ëi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi h_vh_ Dc¯’vcb, mswÿßKiY,wewfbœ êwk‡óï cwigv‡ci gvb †ei Kivmn
Dcv‡Ëi AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZi we‡kølYagx© ch©v‡jvPbv I cÖwZ‡e`b _vK‡e|
 wewfbœ mgm¨vwfwËK cÖkœgvjv _vK‡e hvi wfwË‡Z Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn Kiv hv‡e|
 cwimsL¨vb wØZxq c‡Î bgybvqb Aa¨v‡q bgybvR wfwËK cÖ‡R± Iqv‡K©i D`vniY _vK‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_x©MY Gi
mvnv‡h¨ wb‡Riv cÖ‡R± Iqv‡K©i KvR GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
 Exploratory data analysis Gi mv‡_ MZvbyMwZK DcvË we‡køl‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv _vK‡Z
n‡e |

†jLK‡ì Rb¨ mvaviY wb‡`©kbv
welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb (Content Presentation)

1. cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi mgq welqe¯‘ mnR, †evaMg¨ I PwjZ fvlvq †kÖwY Dc‡hvMx K‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Aa¨vq
I welqe¯‘i mv‡_ wcwiqW msL¨v wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| †m Abyhvqx `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K welqe¯‘‡K
Ggbfv‡e myweb¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wcwiqW †gvZv‡eK Zv m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
2. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i fvlv cÖvÄj Ges mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †kÖwY-Dc‡hvwMKi‡Yi wePvi‡ev‡a m‡PZb
n‡Z n‡e|
3. cvV¨cy¯ÍK Aa¨vqwfwËK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| (cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K wk¶v_©xi Kg©cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Kg©cÎ n‡Z n‡e wkLbdj cwic~iY K‡i Ggb KvR hv †kÖwY‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|)
4. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †jLvi mgq wkLb †ÿ‡Îi (eyw×e„wËq- Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, I D”PZi `ÿZv; Av‡eMxq I
g‡bv‡cwkR †¶Î) cÖwZdjb welqe¯‘ig‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© †jLKMY‡K me©`v m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
5. †jLvi aib Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z welqe¯‘ Abyave‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q wk¶v_x© gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, ivóªxq Av`k© I
mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z aviYv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g gvbweK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ fwel¨Z bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o
DV‡Z cv‡i|
6. RvwZ, ag©, †MvÎ, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l KviI Abyf~wZ‡Z AvNvZ jvM‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv kã ev evK¨ eënvi Kiv hv‡e
bv|
7. `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe¯‘ eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wk¶v_©xi m„RbkxjZvi weKvk m¤¢e nq| †bvU
wKsev MvBW eB‡qi ÷vB‡j c‡q›U wfwËK (KviY, cÖfve, cÖwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖf…wZ)welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb
Kiv hv‡e bv|
8. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l Abykxjbx‡Z Kgc‡¶ 1wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Ges Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv ¯Íi c~iY
K‡i Ggb wZb ai‡bi eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. †RÐvi mgZv iÿv K‡i cvVë¯‘ (Text Material) iwPZ n‡e|
10. wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm †_‡K nvj bvMv` Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn K‡i mswkøó cv‡V ms‡hvwRZ n‡e|
11. ZË¡, wewa, m~Î, wbqg-c×wZ Dc¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi NUbv D‡jøL K‡i wKsev Rxeb Nwbô D`vni‡Yi
mvnv‡h¨ wjL‡Z n‡e|
evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)

12. evsjv GKv‡Wgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
13. fvlv n‡Z n‡e mnR, cÖvÄj I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|
Aa¨vq wb‡`©kbv (Chapter Instruction)

14. Aa¨vqmg~‡ni wfbœ wfbœ wk‡ivbvg i‡q‡Q| †jLKMY Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges
Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg, aviYvmg~‡ni Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
15. m~wPc‡Î Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z cÖwZwU welq (hv wk¶vµ‡g DwjøwLZ) c„ôv b¤îmn D‡jøL Ki‡eb|
cvV¨cy¯ÍK Dc¯’vcb (Text Book Presentation)

16. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Kfvi c„ôv mswkøó wel‡qi fveavivi Avw½‡K AvKl©Yxq cª”Q` eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
17. Aa¨vq b¤î 14, Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg 24, †nW wk‡ivbvg 16, mve‡nW wk‡ivbvg 14, welqe¯‘ d›U mvBR 13 web¨v‡m
A¶i mvBR Ges jvBb †¯úm 1.2 AbymiY K‡i cÖwZwU Aa¨vq Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
18. Aa¨v‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mswkøó Qwe/wPÎ/mviwY/gvbwPÎ BZ¨vw` cÖvmw½K, AvKl©Yxq I ¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
19. cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi 100 b¤^‡ii c‡Îi Rb¨ c„ôv msL¨v 230-240 (Kg-†ewk) Gi g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e|

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RvZxq wkÿvµg

RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 1

cÖevn wP‡Î RvZxq wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv

wkÿv cÖwZôvb wkÿv cÖkvmK, cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mgvR, ivóª I

wkÿK ivóªxq g~jbxwZ

welqwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYqb

RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ…©K

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 2

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 3

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 4

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 5

1.4 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ 1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 6

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 7

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 8

 wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß I Ab¨vb¨ welq lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi Abyiƒc n‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 9

 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 200|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 10

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 11

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 12

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 13

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 14

9.1.4 `jMZ Kv‡Ri K‡qKwU D`vniY

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 15

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 16

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 17

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 18

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 19

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 20

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 21

µg bvg I c`ex wkÿvµg Dbœqb

6. mvwe©K mgš^q KwgwU

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 22

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 24

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 25

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 26

5. Aa¨vq web¨vm I mgq eÈb

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 27

cÖ_g c‡Îi Rb¨ gvbeÈb cÖ_g cÎ e¨envwi‡Ki gvb eÈb

cÖ_g cÎ b¤î eënvwi‡K b¤î

wØZxq c‡Îi Rb¨ gvbeÈb wØZxq cÎ e¨envwi‡Ki Rb¨ gvbeÈb

wØZxq cÎ b¤î eënvwi‡K b¤î

cÖ_g cÎ wcwiqW wØZxq cÎ wcwiqW

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 28

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 29

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 30

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 31

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 32

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 33

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 35

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 36

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 37

Aóg Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKvwkZ cwimsL¨vb (06 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW:06

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 38

cÖ_g Aa¨vq : m¤¢vebv (15 wcwiqW ) wcwiqW-15

2. †mU , web¨vm I mgv‡ek Kx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2. †mU , web¨vm I mgv‡ek

7. ev¯Íe RxebwfwËK mnR mgm¨v mgvav‡b m¤¢vebvi 7. MvwYwZK mgm¨v

cwimsL¨vb GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 39