Statistics XI XII

RvZxq wkvg
2012
cwimsLvb
GKv`k I v`k kwY
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW
1.
1.1
m~Pbv
hKvb KvhKgi mdjZv wbfi Ki Gi myz cwiKbvi Dci| wkv Kvhgi Gic cwiKbvB wkvg|
wkv_xì AvMn, ceYZv, mvg_, AwfZv I wkLb Pvwn`vi mv_ Ges mgvR, `k I AvRvwZK cwiwwZ weePbvq
iL cYxZ nq wbw` wkvg| Kx, Kb, wKfve, K, Kvi mnhvwMZvq, Kx w`q, Kv_vq, KZ mgq ai wkLe
Ges hv wkLQ Zv wKfve hvPvB Kiv ne Gme cki Di wkvg _vK| wkvi j, Dk, wkLbdj,
welqe, wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb wb`kbv-GmeB wkvgi cwZcv` welq| wkvgi wb`kbvi
AvjvK cYxZ nq cvVcyK I Abvb wkLb-kLvbv mvgMx| G wkvKgK AveZb KiB hKvbv ii wkv
eevi KgKv cwiKwZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges evevwqZ nq| Avi G KviYB wkvgK wkv Kvhg evevqbi
bxj-bKkv ejv nq _vK|
1.2
wkvg cwigvRb, Dbqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv| G cwqvq avivevwnK cwiexYi gvag Pjgvb
wkvgi mejZv-`yejZv I DchvwMZv wbYq Kiv nq| mgqi mv_ mgvRi cwieZb NUQ, ZvQvov vb-wevb I
chywi `Z cwieZb nQ| Gmei dj wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nQ| G Rb cqvRbxq cwigvRb I bevqbi
gvag wkvg hyMvchvMx ivLv AvekK| Avevi Ggb mgq Avm hLb cyivbv wkvg cwigvRb Ki mgqi Pvwn`v
c~iY me nq bv, ZLb bZzb wkvg cYqb KiZ nq|
2.
wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv

gvawgK I DPgvawgK ii wkvg 1995 mvj cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqbi KvR mb nq| l I beg kwYZ
1996 wkvel _K G wkvKg evevqbi KvR i nq| DPgvawgK i 1998 wkvel _K cwigvwRZ I bevqbKZ
wkvKg evevwqZ nq AvmQ| Gici `xN mgq RvZxq I AvRvwZK cwigj mvgvwRK, mvswZK, A_bwZK I
ivRbwZK wewfb wekl Ki vb-wevb, Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi evcK cwieZb NUQ| cwieZbi mv_
mv_ wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`v `Z cwiewZZ nQ| G Pvwn`vbyhvqx wkvK hyMvchvMx Kivi Rb wkvg Dbqb
Acwinvh nq co|
2.1
2.2
cPwjZ wkvgi Dci gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxvi djvdj wkvgi AbK
`yejZv, AmwZ I mgmv wPwZ nqQ| G wkvg AwZgvvq Z I Z_ msewjZ hv wkv_xK gyL KiZ
DrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv mgvavb `Zv ARb, nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLvi Ges mRbkxj
I Dvebx `Zv weKvki myhvM mxwgZ| wkv_xì bwZK I gvbweK Yvewji weKvki myhvMI Kg| cqvRbxq
welq Ges welqe hgb- Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Rjevqyi cwieZb I KiYxq, eqtmwKvj I cRbb ^v, Rvjvwb
wbivcv BZvwì cwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkLb-kLvbvi
kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv Gme `Zv wkLbi Rb wkvg iZ c`vb Kiv njI evevqb Gjv h_vh_ iZ
cvq wb| wkv_xìK KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi Gme
mxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|
2.3
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvag
hyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ evevqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi
evevqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ G wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkveevi ceZb Ges Gi Rb cqvRb m
Abymvi wkvg Dbqb|
2.4
evsjv`ki icK 2021 (VISION 2012) Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjv Ges `kK gag Avqi
`k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvag
h_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|
2.5
GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning: The Treasure Within G gvawgK
wkvK Rxeb cekvi gateway to life wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ KgRxeb ceki cqvRbxq hvMZv
gvawgK wkvi gvag ARb| G hvMZv ARbi Rb cwZe`b wkLbi PviwU (Pillar) wPwZ Kiv nqQ|
wkLbi G mg~n nQ-RvbZ kLv (Learning to know), KiZ kLv (Learning to do) wgjwgk _vKZ kLv
(Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ nZ kLv (Learning to be) | Gme evevqbi gvag GKwesk
kZvxi DchvMx Rbkw mwi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqb|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWj

DkwfwK gWj (Objective Model) Abymvi DPgvawgK kwYi RvZxq wkvKg 2012 Dbqb Kiv nqQ| GwUK
djwfwK gWjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G gWj Abymvi wkvi j I mvaviY Dk wbaviY Ki Dk ARb
DchvMx welq I welqwfwK Dk wbaviY Kiv nqQ| welqwfwK Dk ARbi Rb iwfwK cvwK wkLbdj
wbaviY Kiv nq| cvwK wkLbdjK kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK eywexq,
AveMxq I gbvcwkR- G wZb fvM wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK wfw Ki kwY DchvMx welqe,
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb Kkjmn hveZxq wkv Kvhg wbaviY Kiv nq|
4. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ cwqv
mKvwi GWyKkb mi WfjcgU cR (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcyK evWi mvweK Zveavb GmBGmwWwc Gi wkvg wekle`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkvg kvLvi KgKZve`
Ges wbevwPZ RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK wkvq wekl I Awf kwYwkKi
mg^q MwVZ wewfb KwgwU wkvg Dbqb Kib| wkvg Dbqb cwqvi wewfb chvq mvw`Z KvRi msw
weeiY Dcvcb Kiv njv:
cevn wP RvZxq wkvg Dbqb cwqv
wkv cwZvb
wkK
wkv ckvmK,
wkvwe`, eywRxex
Aev weklY I Pvwn`v wbicY
mgvR, iv I
AvRvwZK Pvwn`v
ivxq g~jbxwZ
RvZxq wkvbxwZ
2010
wkv_x
wkvgi iciLv cYqb
welqwfwK wkvg cYqb
wkvgi mg^qmvab
I mvweK ic`vb
RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK

RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abygv`b
RvZxq wkvg 2012
cPwjZ wkvg
Aev weklY
4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (l-v`k kwY) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib|
hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K Ges wkv_xì wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZv
hvPvB Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1
4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqb

GmBGmwWwci wkvg weklMY gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 kxlK GKwU
MelYv cwiPvjbv Kib| G mgxvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K, evevqbi cwZeKZv I cwigvRbi
mg~n wPwZ Ges wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`v wbicY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 gvawgK wkv mwKZ avivmg~n chvjvPbv Ki bZzb wkvg Dbqbi wfZ Zwi Kiv nq|
RvZxq wkvbxwZi wfwZB cPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv`vmv, BsiwR) wkvK wbw` chvq ch mgw^Z I GKgyLx
wkvgi AvIZvq Afy Kivi c`c bIqv nq| G eevq me aibi wkv cwZvb c_g _K Ag kwY ch
GKB wkvg Abymvi wkv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ ne|
4.1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi wkvg chvjvPbv
mgmvgwqK weki wbevwPZ KqKwU `ki- fviZ, kxjv, gvjqwkqv, wmvcyi, Awjqv (AivR), hyivR
(AivR) Ges KvbvWvi (AivR) wkvg chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme `ki wkveevi wekl Ki wkvgi
wekl w`Kmg~n chvjvPbv Ki evsjv`ki cwiwwZZ Gì DchvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv
`k-we`k cKvwkZ wkv I wkvg welqK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gjvi ga
DjLhvM KqKwU nQ-GKwesk kZvxi wkv mwKZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkbi cwZe`b UNESCO (1996)
Learning: The Treasure Within; ONeill, Geraldine (2010) Programme Design: Overview of Curriculum
Models; Marsh, C.J (1997) Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum; Sheehan, John (1986)
Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxq
wkvg I cvVcyK evW cwiPvwjZ (2012) wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg, wkK cwkY
wkvg I cvVcyK Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b (2012), Rjevq~ cwieZb I `yhvM
eevcbv, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkv|
ZvQvov evsjv`ki wewfb cK, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvb Ges msv wkvg Afywi Rb 31wU cwZe`b
Rgv `q| Gme cwZe`b chvjvPbv Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi eev bIqv nq|
31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v,
GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk, Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkvKg BZvw`|
4.2
wkvgi iciLv cYqb

Aevi weklY _K j AwfZv I djvdji wfwZ GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` RvZxq civgkKi wb`kbvq
wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfb chvqi wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY cevn wP wbaviY Kib| Gmei
Dci wfw Ki wkvgi iciLv cYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv

gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc`vwqK g~jevai wfwZ `kcg weKvki myhvM mw
bwZKZv I gvbweK g~jeva weKvki Dci iZ c`vb
Abymwrmv, mRbkxj I Dvebx gZv ewi myhvM c`vb
wevbgb I KggyLx Kivi Dci iZ Avivc
AvaywbK chyw eenvii hvMZv ARbi myhvM mw
ZvwK vbi mv_ evegyLx I cqvMgyLx wkvi myhvM ew
Rxeb`Zv ARbi myhvM mw
me aibi elg Aemvbi j gvbevwaKvii Dci iZ c`vb
wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi Dci iZ c`vb
RvZxq wkvg 2012
4.2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì AMmiY cevn wP
gvawgK wkv
beg _K v`k kwY
(mvaviY, gv`vmv)
KvwiMwi wkv
DPZi `Zvi
ewg~jK wkv
gagvbi `Zvi
Kg
KgRxeb
DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)
DPZi `Zvi
Kg
cek `Zvi Kg
ewg~jK wkv
cv_wgK/GeZ`vwq wkv
(c_g _K Ag kwY)
cvK-cv_wgK wkv
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwZ AwZ AMmiY cevn wPvbymvi 8eQi gqvw` evaZvg~jK I AeZwbK cv_wgK
wkv kl Ki gav I ceYZvi wfwZ wkv_xì GKwU Ask Pvi eQi gqvw` gvawgK wkvq Ges Ab AskwU
ewg~jK wkvq cek Kie| gvawgK wkv kl Zviv DP wkvq hve| Ze gvawgK chvqi c_g `yeQi kl
KD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvixì GKwU Ask cek `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie,
Abiv DPZi `Zvi ewg~jK wkv MnY Kie| GB wkv kl wKQz msLK wkv_x KvwiMwi wkvq hve Ges
Abiv gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DPwkvq (ckvMZ) hve, KDev
gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| DPwkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| Gfve wewfb vb
I `Zv wbq Zviv KgRxeb i Kie|
4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iL
wkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iciLvwU wkvg weklMYi ek KqwU AfixY mfvq
chvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ wkvKg iciLvwU RvZxq chvqi 2wU mwgbvi Dcvcb I
chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK-wkvq
wekl, wkv ckvmK, kwYwkK AskMnY Kib| G mwgbvi evsjv`k RvZxq msmì KqKRb gvbbxq mvsm`
I RvZxq chvqi ek KqKRb bZe` AskMnY Ki gZvgZ c`vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwik weePbvq
iL wkvKg iciLvwU cwigvRb Kiv nq| cwigvwRZ iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW Ges RvZxq
wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wkvgi iciLvq Afy welqmg~n nQ wkvi j I mvaviY Dk, iwfwK wbevwPZ welq, welqwfwK
bî eb I mvvwnK wcwiqW msLv, wkveli Kgwèm, wcwiqWi evw, RvZxq wèmmg~n KiYxq BZvw`|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
4.3
welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb

wkvgi iciLvi wfwZ cwZwU welqi wkvg Dbqbi Rb RvZxq chvqi wkv wekl, welq wekl,
Awf kwYwkK I GbwmwUweZ KgiZ weklMYi mg^q cwZwU welqi Rb 5 _K 8 m`m wewk GKwU Ki
KwgwU wkv gYvjq KZK MVb Kiv nq| cwZwU welq KwgwUZ mg^qKvix wnmve `vwqZ cvjb Kib GmBGmwWwci
GKRb wkvg wekl|
4.3.1 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb KwgwUmg~nK wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY Ìqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU
nQ (K) wkvgi iciLv cwiwPwZ I wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv (L) wkvg Dbqb cwqv Ges wkvg Dbqbi
wbavwiZ QK I Gi eenvi (M) QKwfwK nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|
4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmv
bIqv nq:
(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwK
wkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cvwK
wkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW msLv, AavqwfwK welqe,
wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv, g~jvqb wb`kbv I cvVcyK cYqb wb`kbv| hnZz beg - v`k kwY I GKv`k-v`k
kwY AweQ` kwY, mnZz G `ywU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK-1 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRbi cqvRb nq
wb|
4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Kib|
Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dcvcb
I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`,
mswk fwUs KwgwU I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb welqK UKwbKvj
KwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq welqwfwK wkvg Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|
chvjvPbvi AvjvK mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e cZKZ wkvgi
iciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^
welqi wkvg wbweofve chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq KwgwU
wkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|
4.3.7 wkvgwU UKwbKvj I fwUs KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq
wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ci
wkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
4.4
1.
wkvg Dbqb wewfb chvqi Kvhg

chvq
Kvhg
Aevi weklY
1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg
chvjvPbv
1.2 gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I
Pvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 cwiPvjbv
1.3 Dbqbkxj I DbZ KqKwU `ki
wkvg chvjvPbv
2. wkvgi
iciLv cYqb
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ

chvjvPbv
1.4
GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
wkvg wekle`
2.1
wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv wbaviY
2.1
2.2
wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì AMmiY

cevn wP cYqb
2.2
2.3
wkvgi iciLv cYqb
2.3.1
wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvq

GmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvg
wekle`
GmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvg
wekle`
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
RvZxq mwgbvi `ywUZ
AskMnYKvixe`
wkvg civgkK I UKwbKvj
KwgwU
wkv wekl, welq wekl,
Awf kwYwkK, GbwmwUwe I
GmBGmwWwci weklMYi
mg^q MwVZ welqwfwK wkvg
Dbqb KwgwU
wefvMxq Kgkvjvq AskMnYKvix
welqwfwK wkK I
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU
wkvg civgkK I GmBGmwWwci
wkvg wekle`
UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU
cdkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe
RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU
2.3.2
3. welqwfwK
wkvg Dbqb
3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci wbweo cwkY

c`vb
3.2. welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb
3.1.
3.2.1
3.2.2
4.
wkvgi
mg^q mvab I
Abygv`b
4.1.
wkvgi mvgwMKfve chvR Ask

Zwi I mKj Aski mg^q RvZxq
wkvg 2012 ic`vb
4.2. RvZxq wkvg 2012 P~ov Abygv`b
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`
GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
wkvg wekle`
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
3.2.3
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.2
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
6.
6.1
6.2
RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk
mvaviY, gv`vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges Kvwiqvi wkv mshvRbi cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k
I wekcwiPq welq mshvRb|
Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v, Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZvw` welqe mshvRb|
6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq mshvRb|
hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvwì welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve UzwiRg G
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq mshvRb|
ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c`vb|
fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc`vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag `kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c`vb| `kvZeva
weKvki gvag AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|
wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|
gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi cwieZ kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv G PviwU `Zv kwYK
Abykxjbi gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|
wkLb-kLvbv Kkji gvag wkv_xìK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK, wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR
Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c`vb|
hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb, Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvnwevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v,
Kg I RxebgyLx wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK Aski ga mg^q mvab Ges
wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK Kivi myhvM c`vb|
nvZ Kjg Ki kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki kLvi Dci iZ c`vb|
kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|
wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw mwi Dci iZ c`vb|
Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK, gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU
Aavqi iZ mshvRb|
wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY, RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi
j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c`vb|
wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|
cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgwèmi msLv ew|
RvZxq wèmmg~n zj Lvjv iL wèm D`hvcbi eev ceZb|
avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb `yejZv wPwZ Ki wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|
cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c`vbi myhvM e Kiv|
mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|
wkvg iciLv
l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk
j
wkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `, hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rbm`
mw|
Dk
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|
wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv, kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi
cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv`c~Y mK I bvqwePvieva my`pfve Mw_Z Kiv|
gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc`vwqK g~jevai AvjvK wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I
MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|
wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZ
mg Ki Mo Zvjv|
kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZ
Ges `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi|
mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvm
Mo Zvjv|
evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv|
AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi
gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
6.2.9
wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbi
Rb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges
mRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvM
KiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci iZvivc Ki cwiekMZ Dcv`vb
mK wkv_xì cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY I eenvi Kivi
hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb ^v Ges ewMZ wbivcv BZvwì Dci iZvivc Ki
wkv_xK ^vmZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, Rxeb`Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I agvej^xì cwZ kvkxj nZ
mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wkv_xi ga evOvwj Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxi bvix-cyil, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZ
vZZ I kveva mw Kiv|
6.2.16 wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, mvswZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjv
Abykxjbi wbqwgZ Afvm Mo Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgmsvbi
Rb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my`p Kiv|
6.2.18 mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv weKvk mg Kiv|
6.2
welq KvVvgv
l, mg I Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, bî I mgq eb
mKj avivi AvewkK welq
(mvaviY wkv, gv`vmv wkv I BsiwR wkv aviv)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
cixvi
bî
evsjv
BsiwR
MwYZ
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
wevb
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
gvU
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welq

ag I bwZK wkv:
Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn`yag I bwZK wkv/ wLag I bwZK wkv
/eag I bwZK wkv
kvixwiK wkv I ^v
Kg I RxebgyLx wkv
Pvi I KviKjv
gvU
mvaviY avivi HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/Aviwe/msZ/cvwj
megvU
150
150
100
100
100
50
650
mgqeb
(Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK
5
87
5
87
4
70
3
53
4
70
2
35
23
402
100
53
106
50
50
50
250
2
2
2
9
35
35
35
158
70
70
70
316
100
1000
2
34
35
595
70
1190
è:
c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU|
kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW|
`wbK cviwK mgvek (Assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav weiwZi evw 45wgwbU|
`yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav weiwZi evw 25wgwbU|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
evwlK
174
174
140
106
140
70
804
6.3 mvaviY wkv avivi beg I `kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, bî I mgq eb
welqi aib
welq
cixvi
bî
AvewkK
1. evsjv
2. BsiwR
3. MwYZ
4. ag I bwZK wkv
(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn`yag I bwZK wkv/
wLag I bwZK wkv / eag I bwZK wkv)
5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
6. Kvwiqvi wkv
7. kvixwiK wkv, ^vwevb I Ljvayjv
gvU
kvLvwfwK welq
wevb kvLvi 8. c`v_wevb
Rb AvewkK 9. imvqb
welq
10.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ
11.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
wevb kvLvi 12.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv I
HwQK welq
mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/f~Mvj I cwiek/Pvi I
(GKwU bIqv
KviKjv/msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
hve)
megvU
eemvq wkv 8. eemvq D`vM
kvLvi Rb
9. wnmvewevb
AvewkK welq 10.wdbv I evswKs
11.wevb
eemvq wkv 12.f~Mvj I cwiek/ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/
kvLvi HwQK
Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/ z` bMvxi fvlv I
welq
mswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
(GKwU bIqv
megvU
hve)
gvbweK kvLvi 8. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv
Rb AvewkK 9. f~Mvj I cwiek
welq
10. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv
11. wevb
gvbweK kvLvi 12.A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pvi I
HwQK welq
KviKjv/Kwlwkv /Mvnwevb/z` bMvxi fvlv I
(GKwU bqv
mswZ/ Aviwe/msZ/cvwj/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
hve)
/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
megvU
200
200
100
100
mgqeb
(Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK
5
80
5
80
4
64
2
32
evwlK
160
160
128
64
50
50
100
800
2
1
2
21
32
16
32
336
64
32
64
672
100
100
100
100
100
3
3
3
3
3
54
54
54
54
54
108
108
108
108
108
1300
100
100
100
100
100
36
3
3
3
3
3
606
54
54
54
54
54
1212
108
108
108
108
108
1300
100
100
100
100
100
36
3
3
3
3
3
606
54
54
54
54
54
1212
108
108
108
108
108
1300
36
606
1212
è:
wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv _K hKvbv GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ
ne|
mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW AbywZ ne|
wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|
* kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK
welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
6.4 GKv`k-v`k kwYi welqKvVvgv (ay 2013-2014 wkveli Rb chvR)

2013 - 2014 wkveli Rb RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi GKv`k I v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv wbic :
1. wkv_x wbi hKvbv GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ cvie| kvLvmg~n nQ K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv O. Mvnwevb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi AvewkK welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkvg) 2. BsiwR (cyivZb wkvg) 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n wbic kvLv
kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq
kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
wevb
4. c`v_wevb
7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)
5. imvqb
gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) cKkj AsKb I IqvKkc cvKwUm
6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ
(cyivZb wkvg), (R)*xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwci
wkv_xì Rb
gvbweK
10. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v, (O)
hKvbv wZbwU welq :
4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ
(S) Bmjvg wkv, (T) gbvwevb, (U) cwimsLvb, (V) b-wevb (bZzb
5. cibxwZ I mykvmb
wkvg cYqb mvc) (W) Kwlwkv (X) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZb
6. A_bxwZ
wkvg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) bvUKjv (cyivZb
7. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg
wkvg), (_) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_ev
8. fMvj
msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg), (b) DPZi
9. hywwe`v
MwYZ, (c) *xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwci wkv_xì Rb
eemvq
4. eemvq msMVb I eevcbv
7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb, (M),
wkv
5. wnmvewevb
cwimsLvb, (N) fMvj, (O) A_bxwZ, (P) Kwlwkv, (Q) MvnA_bxwZ
6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv A_ev
(cyivZb wkvg), (R) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm eevcbv (2015-16
Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb
wkvel ch Pje)
Bmjvg
wkv
Mvn
A_bxwZ
msMxZ
4. Bmjvg wkv
5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ
6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkvg)
4. mvaviY wevb Ges Lv` I cyw wevb
5. eenvwiK wkKjv Ges e I cvlvK wk
6. Mn eevcbv I wkeaY Ges cvwievwiK mK
(cyivZb wkvg)
4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)
5. DPv msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)
6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvnwevb

(cyivZb wkvg), (O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ
7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg,
(O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/DPv(cyivZb wkvg), (R)
mvwPweKwe`v I Awdm eevcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkv
7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N) hywwe`v,
(O) MvnA_bxwZ (cyivZb wkvg), (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg
* BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve
mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK welq wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB m
AvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bî ne 200|

ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bî ne 100|
mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU|
GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv|
h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcyK mfveB cYxZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcyK RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
6.5 RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abymvi GKv`k-v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv (2014-2015 wkvel nZ KvhKi ne)
1. wkv_xK wbi hKvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ ne| kvLvmg~n nQ
K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv kvLv O. Mvnwevb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb AvewkK welq 1. evsjv 2. BsiwR 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~nkvLv
kvLvwfwK AvewkK wZbwU welq
kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
wevb
gvbweK
4.
5.
6.
4.
c`v_wevb
imvqb
Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ
BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I
mswZ
5. cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_bxwZ A_ev
hywwe`v
6. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg A_ev fMvj
eemvq
wkv
4. eemvq msMVb I eevcbv

5. wnmvewevb
6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b
eevcbv I wecYb
Bmjvg
wkv
4.
5.
6.
4.
5.
6.
4.
5.
6.
Mvnwevb
mxZ
Bmjvg wkv
Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ
Aviwe
wki weKvk
Lv` I cyw
Mn eevcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
jNy mxZ
DPv mxZ
A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)
gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) gwKvwevb, (R) cKkj AsKb I
IqvKkc cvKwUm (cyivZb wkvKg), (S)*xov (cyivZb wkvg),
7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v,
(O) mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) Bmjvg wkv, (R) gbvwevb,
(S) cwimsLvb, (T) b-wevb (bZzb wkvg cYqb mvc) (U)
Kwlwkv (V) Mvnwevb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvUKjv (cyivZb
wkvg), (Y) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwj
A_ev msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (_) *xov (cyivZb wkvg)
7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb, (M)
UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m` Dbqb (bZzb wkvg
cYqb mvc), (O) cwimsLvb, (P) fMvj, (Q) A_bxwZ, (R)
Kwlwkv, (S) Mvnwevb, (T) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm eevcbv
(2015-16 wkvel ch)
7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvnwevb,
(O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ
7. (K) wkKjv I e cwiQ`, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N)
mgvRKg, (O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb
7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N)
hywwe`v, (O) Mvnwevb, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve
mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB m
AvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bî ne 200|
ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bî ne 100|
mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU|
GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv|
h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski wkLbkLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcyK mfveB cYxZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcyK RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
7.
wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj

wkvgi myz evevqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiY A_vr wkLbdj ARb cavbZ `ywU welqi Dci wbfikxj|
mePq iZc~YwU nQ kwYwkKi mwq mnhvwMZv I h_vchy wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkji myy cqvM Ges
wZxqwU nQ gvbmZ cvVcyK I Abvb wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi| Dfq B wkKi f~wgKv AZ iZc~Y|
GK K_vq wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiYi wkKi Pq Dg Avi wKQy bB| GLvb weklfve DjL, AbK KwVb
I RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb AbK kg I mgq cqvRb Zv h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj cqvM mnR I Kg mgq mwVKfve
mb Kiv me| wkv_xi wkLbi I G wbqg chvR| wkK c~ecwZ wbq Kg cwikg Ges AcvKZ Kg
mgq h_vh_ cwZ I Kkj cqvM wkv_xi wkLbdj ARb wbwZ KiZ cvib|
7.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi weeP welq

7.1.1 wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwqZv LyeB iZc~Y| mwqZvi `ywU -gvbwmK mwqZv I `wnK mwqZv|
gvbwmK mwqZv A_vr wkYxq welq wkv_xi wPb cwqv Dx Kiv| Ggb mgmv, ck ev KvR Ìqv hvi mgvavb
wPv Ki ei KiZ nq| `wnK mwqZv njv nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLv| wkv jvf cwqvq wkv_xK mwq ivLv
Mj Kg mgq I mnR wkLb me|
7.1.2 gvbyl GK aibi KvR `xN mgq gbvhvM w`Z cvi bv| wkì gbvhvM Ìqvi evw eqì Pq Kg|
wewfb MelYvq `Lv MQ, 12 _K 16 eQi eqmx wkì G evw 8 _K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbfi Ki
KvRwU KZUv AvKlYxq Ges Avb``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe kwY Kvhg ne ewPc~Y| AvjvPbv, `jMZ KvR, M,
jLv, AuvKv, weZK, Awfbq, nvZ-Kjg KvR, ckvi, c`kb BZvw` cvVi mv_ mwZ iL cqvM Kiv nj wkv_xi
gbvhvM ai ivLv me|
7.1.3 cZK ewB ^Z (every individual is a unique)| wkv_xì Zv ewk weePbvi `vwe ivL| cZK
wkv_x Zvi wbRi gZv Ki wbR MwZZ kL| ZvB ew^vZi K_v weePbvq iL h_vme wkv_xi DchvMx
Dcvq mnhvwMZv Ìqv nj wkv_xi c wkvjvf mnR nq|
7.1.4 wkvK ejv nq eK cwqv| eKi Dci eK vcb Ki weivU BgviZ Zwi Kiv nq| GKBfve Rvbv AwfZv, vb I
`Zvi Dci wfw Ki bZzb vb, `Zv I g~jeva ARb mnR mnvqZv Ìqv hvq| ZvB wkv_xi Rxeb _K Dcgv,
D`vniY w`q Ges c~ej vb, `Zvi mv_ mshvM vcb Ki bZzb vb, `Zv ARb mnvqZv Kiv nj wkv jvf
mnR nq|
7.1.5 wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zv eyS wkLe| Kvbv welq mK my aviYv jvf Kie| bv eyS gyL Kiv h_v_ wkv bq|
GZ wkLbi mvjb nq bv| eyS wkLj ev Kvbv mgmv mgvavbi hyw I cwZ eyS cqvM Kij Abyic mgmvi
mgvavb wkv_x wbRB KiZ cvi| ZvB wkLbi Rb gyLi Pq eySvi Dci iZ Ìqv cqvRb|
7.1.6 wkv jvf h_vh_ wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi AZ iZc~Y| me welqB Kg-ewk wkvcKiY eenvii myhvM
AvQ| wkvcKiYi mvnvh RwUj I weg~Z welqK mnR I g~Z Ki Dcvcb Ki welqwUK aviYv Ìqv hvq|
GKwU QvU MvQ kwYZ c`kb Ki MvQi wewfb Ask ev gvwwgwWqvq m~hMnY `Lvj hZ mnR mwVK aviYv jvf me
Ab Kvbvfve Zv me bq| gvwwgwWqv eenvii myhvM bv _vKj P`, cw_ex I m~hi Awfbq ev PvU eenvi Kiv
hvq|
7.1.7 wkLbK vqxKiYi Rb cqvRb Abykxjbi eev| bZzbfve AwRZ vb, `Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv nj GKw`K
hgb wkLb vqx nq, Abw`K wkLb mvjbi myhvM mw nq|
7.1.8 wkv ARbi wkv_xi cwZ wkKi mnvbyf~wZc~Y AvPiY LyeB iZc~Y| wkK-wkv_xi mK Ggb ne hb
wkv_x ay jLvcov welqK mgmv bq, Zvi h Kvbv ewMZ, cvwievwiK mgmv webv msKvP wkKi mv_ AvjvPbv
Ki| wkK mgmv mgvavb civgk wèb Ges mvagZ mnvqZv Kieb| wkK-wkv_xi gvS Kvbv `qvj _vKe bv|
mK ne mn-kvi Ges LyeB Nwb I AvwiK|
7.1.9 wkKi wekvm _vKZ ne h, Zuvi mKj wkv_xB kLvi mvg_ mb| mevi kLvi Dcvq I MwZi ga cv_K _vKZ
cvi, Ze Dchy cwiek I mnhvwMZv cj mevB kL| Kvb wkv_xi cwZ wkKi bwZevPK gbvfve _vKj H
wkK _K wkv_xi DcKZ nIqvi mvebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cwZwU wkv_xi cwZ wkKi DP aviYv _vKv evbxq|
Kvb wkv_xK KLbI Zvi gv_vq Mvei, ZvK w`q wKQyB ne bv, Mvav, Ac`v_ BZvw` Kvbv aibi bwZevPK
ev wbirmvng~jK K_v ejv hve bv| eZ eenvi ev Kvbv cKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw c`vb wkv jvfi Aivq
Ges ivxq AvBb kvwhvM Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv `wLq eis Drmvn c`vb Kiv nj wkv_xi kLvi AvMn AbKUvB
eo hvq|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
8.
wkLb gZev`
8.1
wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of
Pavlov); Kvnjvi I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf` wkì AeaviY
gZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZev`
AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ| fvMjv
nQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M) 7-11 eQi eve KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16
eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i welq
weePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvf
KiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK| wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wek
mevwaK AvjvP wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|
8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)

wkv_x wKfve kL G mK wkv gbvwevbxì AevnZ cPvi dj D~Z mevaywbK Z nQ MVbev`| jvwUb
k Constrvere _K Construct kwUi Drcw hvi A_ webvm Kiv ev MVb Ìqv| ZvB G Zi g~jK_v njv aviYv
MVbB wkLb| cwZ gyn~ Z Bw`q Mvn Z_ viv Avgvì wPbi ga h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZb nQ Zvi gvagB
wkLb cwqv NU| cZK wkv_x wbRi AwfZv Ges cvwicvwkKZv Abyavb Ki wbRi gZv GKKfve bZzb vb I
aviYv MVb Ki| ew bZzb wKQyi myLxb nj m GUvK Zvi c~ej vb I AwfZvi AvjvK hvPvB Ki MnY Ki|
GfveB ew bZzb aviYv ev vb ARb Ki| hvPvBq bZzb welqK Aevi gb nj GUvK m evwZj Ki `q|
wkLbi Jerome Bruner cwiek I fvlv weKvki Dci ewk cvavb w`qQb| Zuvi gZ, vbweKvki
cwieki f~wgKv ewk Ges vbweKvki wewfb i wk vbi AvIZvfz wewfb mgmvi mgvavb wewfbfve `q| GUv
wbfi Ki wki c~e AwfZv I vbi Dci|
gb Kib MVbev` wkKi f~wgKv ne bZzb aviYv MVb wkv_xK mnvqZv Kiv| ay Z I Z_
mieivn Kiv bq| wkK mgmv-mgvavb ev Abymvbi wb`kbv wèb, wkv_xiv hvZ wbRivB AbywgZ aviYv Zwi I
cixv Ki wmv wbZ cvi Ges `jMZ wkLb cwiek AbìK Zv RvbvZ cvi| G cwqvq vb jvfi gvag
wkv_xiv wKfve DcKZ nQ Zv D`NvUb KiZ wkK wkv_xì DrmvwnZ Kib| Jonassen AviI gb Kib h,
wkv_xiv wbRiv wbRìK ck Ki Ges Zvì eeZ cwZ Kkji h_v_Zv hvPvB Ki wbRivB g g
Awf wkv_xZ cwiYZ nq, wKfve wkLZ nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv Avq Ki dj| Gfve Zviv Rxebevcx
wkv_xZ (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|
David Jonassen
MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G eevq wkv_x AwRZ aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfw
Ki gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I `wfw ARb Kie|
David Jonassen Gi
gZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne-
MwVZ (Constructed) : wkv_xiv Zvì c~evb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi
gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie|
mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbRì aviYv mw Kie| wkK ZvìK cqvRbxq wb`kbv wèb Ges
wkv_xìK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki wèb|
wkv_xìK wbRì j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv wèb|
8.
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkj

wkv_xi wkLb AbKvsk wbfi Ki wkK KZK cwiPvwjZ cwZ I Kkji Dci| wkv_xì gZv I ceYZv
Ges cvVi ewki wfwZ cwZ I Kkj wbevPb Kiv cqvRb| cwZ I Kkj mwVK nj Ges h_vh_fve
cqvM Kiv nj wkv_x mnR wkLZ cvi| GLvb KqKwU cwZ I Kkji msw cwiPq Ìqv njv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
8.1
ck-Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)

ck- Di GKwU ej cPwjZ I KvhKi cwZ| G cwZi mwVK cqvMi gvag wkv_xK mwq iL wkLb
mnhvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfb Dk ck Kiv nq _vK| kLvi Rb ck, wkLbdj ARb cwigvci Rb ck, Kvb wekl
Kgi DchvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb ck, BZvw` ek KqKwU aib iqQ|
8.2
ck Kivi ixwZ
mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| c_g Kvbv wkv_xK wbw` Ki ZvK ck Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv
wbwq _vK, AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| mevBK mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq|
wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq Ìqv|
Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| Di`vb mg wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di Ìqvi Afvm ZvM
KivZ ne|
wkv_xK wbw` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di Ìqvi myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK
myhvM Ìqv| cqvRb Di`vb BwZ w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv|
mwVK Di cybivew Kiv|
Gici c~e nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv|
cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv
nq|
8.2.1 cki aib

cki fvlv ne mnR I kwY DchvMx|
ck ne wkv_xi wPv DxcK I ciYv mwKvix| Kb, wKfve, KviY Kx, evLv Ki, weklY Ki, Zzjbv Ki
BZvw` viv ck Kiv nj wPv Ki Di ei KiZ nq|
hme cki Di nuv ev bv Ggb ck bv KivB fvj| wZ wbfi ck hgb Kx, K, Kv_vq, KqwU ev KvK ej
BZvw` ck hZUv me cwinvi Kiv|
chvqg Ggbfve ck Kiv hb ckmg~ni Di _K welqe mK aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cqvRb
ckvii gvS gvS AvjvPbv Kiv|
Abymvbg~jK ck (probing question) A_vr GKwU cki Di _K D~Z ck Ki welqi c~YZv Avbv cqvRb|
hgbg~j ck : we`vjq wkv_xì Mo DcwwZ KZ?
Di : mvaviY mgq 85%, wekl mgq 50%
Abymvbg~jK ck : wekl mgq Kg Kb?
Di : avb ivcY I avb KvUvi gmyg Qjgqì AbK KwlKvR AwffveKK mnvqZv Ki ZvB Zviv
we`vjq Avm bv|
8.2.2 wkKi KiYxq
mwVK Dii Rb wkv_xK Drmvn c`vb
fyj Dii Rb wb`kbv I wkLZ AbyciYv Ìqv
mwVK Dii cm Ub AvjvPbvi gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv
wkv_xK ck KiZ myhvM Ìqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wkv_xi cki Di Ìqv|
9.
`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ

`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK cwZ GKwU mdj wkLbcwZ| G cwZZ GKB eqtgi ev GKB chvqi wkv_xiv
cii wg_wqvi gvag wkv jvf Ki| G wkKi f~wgKv civ wK iZc~Y| `jMZ KvRi gvag
cwZwU wkv_xi ay vb-`ZvB ew cvq bv, mv_ mv_ ek wKQy gvbweK Yvewji weKvk NU| K_v kvbvi I K_v
ejvi kLjv AbymiY, cigZ mwnzZv, bZZ, mgSvZv BZvw` Yvewji weKvk NU|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
9.1
`j MVb
wewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg_i wkv_xì `j, wgk mvg_i wkv_xì `j, welqwfwK `j,
AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_ `ji myweav Abì Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZ
welqi Rb bZzb Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW Kvm bb) `j
MVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb Kieb| GZ wkv_xì wg_wqvi cwimi ew
cvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|
cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6Rb _K 8Rb nj fvj, Ze 10Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg
_vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|
9.1.1 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm

`jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm Ggb ne hvZ `ji mKj wkv_x gyLvgywL emZ cvi| kwYKi AvKvi eo nj
Ges chv Avmevec _vKj, cwZ `j Mvj Uweji Pvicvk eme| Gic Avmevec bv _vKj cvKv gSZ
gv`yiI Mvj nq emZ cvi| bZzev c_g ei wkv_xiv Nyi wZxq ei gyLvgywL eme, Gfve ZZxq e
Nyi PZz_ ei gyLvgywL| G cwZ `ji wkv_xìK ci ci `ye emZ ne| wkK `jMZ KvR eywSq
Ìqvi mv_ mv_B `jefve em `jMZ KvR i KiZ ne| Avmevec UvbvUvwb Ki mgq b Kiv hve bv|
9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cwqv
`j fvM nIqvi AvMB mgeZ Kvm wkK Ki `jMZ KvR eywSq wèb|
wkK `ji GKRbK GKwU KvRi Rb `jbZv gbvbqb wèb| chvqg `ji cZKK `jbZvi `vwqZ
wèb|
wkv_xiv `j fvM nq eme| `ji cZK welqwU wbq wPv Kie| Zvici AvjvPbv i Kie| GKRb K_v
ejvi mgq Abiv gb w`q be| K_vi gvS KD K_v eje bv| Ze AvjvPbv Ah_v `xN ev cm ewnf~Z nj
`jbZv f`fve wbqY Kie|
`ji cZK AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie|
AvjvPbvi gvag Z, Z_, hyw Dcvcb I hyw Lb Kie|
Kviv K_v AcQ` nj ev gbtcyZ bv nj ah ai bZ ne, ci hyw w`q Lb Kiv hve, ivM Kiv ev Akvfb
AvPiY Kiv hve bv|
Rvi Ki Abì Dci wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq Ìqvi Pv Kiv hve bv|
AvjvPbvi djvdj `ji wmv wnmve wjLZ ne Ges mevBK gb wbZ ne|
cieZxZ mgeZ Kvm wkKi wb`kvbymvi H AvjvPbvi `jbZv `ji cwZe`b Dcvcb Kie| Ab `ji ck
_vKj `ji c h Kvbv GKRb Di wè|
`jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq Kvbv gZvbK ev mgmv `Lv w`j `jbZv nvZ Zzj wkKi wb`kbv PvBe|
9.1.3 `jMZ KvRi aib
`jMZ KvR cavbZ Abymvbg~jK ev mgmvwfwK ne| `jMZ KvRi welq wPv DxcK, mRbkxj I weklYagx
ne| mvaviY Z, Z_ ev vbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ AvjvPbvi welq nq bv| ZvZ Abymvb ev wPv DxcK wKQy
_vK bv|
9.1.4 `jMZ KvRi KqKwU D`vniY
K. evsjv`k _K wewfb cRvwZi cvwL gvMZ wejy nIqvi KviY I Zvì ivi Dcvq Abymvb|
L. Mvgi wbii gvbylK ^v mPZb Kivi wkv_xì KiYxq wbaviY|
M. cixYi gvag wewfb cKvi gvwUi ewk wPwZKiY|
N. evsjv`ki wkì AwaKvi ivq miKvi, mgvR I AwffveKi KiYxq wbaviY|
O. GKwU AbyQì mvigg D`&NvUb|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
9.1.5 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bq

K. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~ni bvg
L. evsjv`ki f~-cKwZi eYbv
M. mvK `kmg~ni ivRavbx, RbmsLv I gv_vwcQy Avq
N. cigvYyi MVb eYbv
O. Z_ AwaKvi AvBb eYbv
9.1.6 `jMZ KvRi gvag wkLb `yejZvi Aemvb
wkv_xì KD KD wewfb KviY wbavwiZ wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi bv| avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkLb
`yejZvmb wkv_xì wPwZ Ki Zvì Rb wekl `jMZ KvRi eev Kiv hvq| G GKB kwYi GKRb
wkLbdj ARbKvix PKm wkv_xK `jbZv wnmve `ji AbìK wkLb mnhvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ Ìqv nq|
wkK `jbZvK c~eB cqvRbxq wb`kbv w`q `b| mgchvqi wkv_x viv Ab wkv_xìK wkLb mnhvwMZv
ÌqvK Peer Learning ejv nq|
9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkKi KiYxq
`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkK Nyi Nyi cZK `ji KvR cheY Kieb| hLvb hLb cqvRb wb`kbv I
mnvqZv wèb| cieZxZ `jMZ KvR Dcvcbi mgq fyj-vw ev Am~YZv _vKj awiq wèb|
10.
c`kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)

c`kb cwZi g~jK_v njv Kvbv wKQy `wLq GwU mK aviYv jvf wkv_xìK mnvqZv Kiv| Kvbv wKQy
Dcvcb ay eYbv ev AvjvPbvq mxgve bv _K Zv `Lvbv nj aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges GZ wkv_xì AvMn
I Drmvn ew cvq| G cwZZ cvVi welq mswk eve e ev cZfve cwqv `wLq eYbv, AvjvPbv ev ckDii gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv nq| hgb- GKwU Rev dzji Askjv `wLq dzji Askjvi mK
aviYv ARb mnvqZv Kiv; kwYK wkv_xì mvgb hcvwZ mshvRb Ki `vi mv_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmW
wgwkq nvBWvRb cZ Ki `Lvbv BZvw`|
AbK eve e ev NUbv mivmwi `Lvbv me nq bv| m Aaevei mvnvh aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv
hvq| hgb- P` ev m~hMnY mK aviYv jvfi Rb kwYK wmwW ev wWwfwWi gvag gvwwgwWqvq cw_ex I
Puvì wbR wbR Kc_ N~Yb `wLq MnY NUvi welqwU cwivi Kiv hvq| cRi ev gvwwgwWqv bv _vKj PvUi
gvag `Lvbv hvq| ivj-c cwZZI kLvbv hvq| wekl wkv_xìK kwYKi evBi wbq eve
NUbv cZfve `wLq wkv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- f~wgqi KviYjv cZ `Lvbv hvq| me nj
HwZnvwmK vb wbq wewfb wb`kb `wLq I eYbv Ki aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- Kzwgjvi KvUevwo
kvjeb wenvi cwi`kb wbq ZrKvjxb emfZv mK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv|
c`kb cwZZ wkv_xì Abymwrmv ew cvq| mnR mwVK aviYv jvf KiZ cvi| wkLb AcvKZ `xNvqx
nq| c`kb cwZZ j ivLZ ne hb me wkv_x `LZ cvq|
11.
Abymvbg~jK KvRi aib

Abymvbg~jK KvR g~jZ KgKw`K cwZ| wWDBi mwqZv Zi wfwZ cwiPvwjZ G cwZZ wkv_xiv
GKKfve ev `jMZfve wbRì cPvq wbqgZvwK cwZZ wkv jvf Ki _vK| G cwZZ wkv_x Kvbv
welq ev NUbv ev mgmvi KviY, djvdj, cwZwqv BZvw` D`&NvUb Ki| bw_c chvjvPbv, cwi`kb, cheY,
mvvrKvi MnY bvbvfve Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY hyemgvRi AvKvk mswZi cwZ ceYZv ewi KviY I djvdj
wk Aj evqy `~lYi KviY I djvdj
Lv` Drcv`b AwZgvvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK è eenvii cwZwqv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
12. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqv

cZKwU Abymvbi Rb GKwU welq ev mgmv wbevPb KiZ nq| G cwZZ hveZxq Kvhg cavbZ cuvPwU chvq
cwiPvwjZ nq| chvqjv nQK. mgmv/Dk wbaviY
L. cwiKbv cYqb
M. Z_ msMn
N. Z_ weklY
O. cwZe`b cYqb
me c_g Kvhgi mgmv wPwZ Kiv ev Dk wbaviY KiZ nq| wZxq chvq mgM Kvhgi Rb cwiKbv cYqb
KiZ nq| Dk ARbi Rb Kx Kx KiZ ne, KvbwU wKfve, Kx w`q, KLb KiZ ne-G meB cwiKbvq _vK|
Z_ msMn Abymvbg~jK KvRi GKwU iZc~Y i| cvBgvwi ev mKvwi Drm nZ Z_ msMn KiZ ne| PZy_
chvq Z_ weklY I djvdj cYqb KiZ ne| mekl wkv_x m~Y Abymvbg~jK KvRi Dci GKwU cwZe`b
cYqb Kie|
13. wkLb- kLvbv Kvhg mK KqKwU K_v
wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj AbK aibi| Gi KqKwU wkKKw`K Ges KqKwU wkv_xKw`K| wkLb-kLvbv
cwqvq wkv_xi mwq AskMnY wkvjvf mnvqK| me cwZiB Kgewk myweav I Amyweav AvQ| Ggb Kvbv cwZ
ev Kkj bB hwU mKj wkv_xi Rb mgfve DchvMx ev me aibi welqei Rb DchvMx| wkKi wewfb cwZ
I Kkji Dci `Zv Ges kwY I cvV DchvMx cwZ I Kkji h_vh_ cqvMi Dci wbfi Ki wkv_xi wkLb
mvdj| Ggb Kvbv evaevaKZv bB h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wkKK GKwU cwZi Dci wbfi KiZ ne| cvVK
djcm~ Kivi Rb wkK cwiwwZ Abymvi GKvwaK cwZ I Kkji mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ
cvib| cvVi mvdj wbfi Ki wkKi wePYZv, welqvb I wkLb cwZi h_vh_ cqvMi Dci| GRb ejv nq wkKB
mevrK cwZ| wkv_xKw`K wkLb-kLvbv cwZ ewea| GLvb gv KqKwU wkv_xmwq cwZ msc Dcvcb
Kiv njv| Ze wkKi AwaK msLK cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv _vKv cqvRb| Zvnj wZwb h h cwZ
DchvMx Zv cqvM KiZ cvib| cqvRb GKvwaK cwZi mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib|
cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wkK hw` eySZ cvib h cqvMKZ cwZ wkv_xì wkLb djcm~ nQ bv ZLb wZwb cwZ
cwieZb KiZ cvib| ZvB wkKì e cwZi Dci `Zv _vKv AvekK|
14. wkv_xi g~jvqb
mvaviY A_ wkv_xi g~jvqb njv wkv Kvhg _K wkv_xi ARbi gvv wbYq Kiv| A_vr wkvg DjwLZ c~e
wbavwiZ wkLbdj wkv_x KZUv ARb KiQ Zv wbicYB wkv_xi g~jvqb| hwÌ g~jvqb K_vwUi wewZ AbK evcK|
Avgiv wewfb mgq bvbvfve wkv_xi g~jvqb Ki _vwK| g~jvqbi mgq I aib weePbvq wkv_xi g~jvqb cavbZ `yB
avivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~jvqb Ges (L) mvgwK g~jvqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw` cvVvsk _K
wkv_xi ARb g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G g~jvqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~jvqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw` mgq kl ev
Kvhg kl mvgwqK cixv, evwlK cixv, GmGmwm cixv BZvw` cixvi gvag g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G aibi
g~jvqb nj mvgwK g~jvqb| avivevwnK I mvgwK Dfq avivi g~jvqbiB cqvRb AvQ| Ze avivevwnK g~jvqbi
iZ AbK ewk| KviY avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb `yejZv wPwZ Ki ZvrwYK wbivgqg~jK eev bIqv hvq|
wkv_xi nvZ-Kjg eenvwiK KvR Kivi cwqv cheYi gvag g~jvqb Ki wb`kbv Ìqv hvq|
wkv_xi wekl wKQz `Zv, hgb- kvbv, ejv, cov BZvw` Kg mgq, Kg LiP I mnR cwigvc Ki avc avc
wb`kbv Ìqv I wbivgqg~jK eev bIqv hvq| mvgwK g~jvqbi gvag AbK Gme ewki g~jvqb Kiv me
nq bv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
15.
wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva cZ cheYi gvag
g~jvqb Ki wb`kbv Ìqv hvq|
G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji h_v_Zv I djcm~Zv wbaviY Ki ev
`yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb AvbZ cvib|
avivevwnK g~jvqb
avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi `yejZv wPwZ Ki wb`kbv Ìqv hvq Ges cqvRb wbivgqg~jK eev MnY
Kiv hvq|
15.1
kwYi KvR
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf`
kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi| AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY,
gvbwP, jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi me wKQzB kwYi KvR|
evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw` kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|
15.2 evwoi KvR
wkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mb
Kie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ neb h, wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xi
wPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_xìK
cqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv wèb| wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR wèb|
j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki| evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb
wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK|
kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb
wkv_xK mRbkxj cki cwZZ mvnvh Ki mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbv
Kvhg Kjvg c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|
cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 30-35 wgwbUi ga mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZ
mvgwqK kwYZ cqvRbxq msLK evwoi KvR wèb|
15.3 kwY Afxv
cwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY Afxv ^ mgq
bIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne| wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hve
bv| kwY Afxvi w`b kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|
16
mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi cwZ wkvel `ywU mvgwqK fvM Kiv ne| mvgwqK Ges cvewjK
cixvi ckc cYqb Ges Dic g~jvqb mRbkxj ckcwZi wb`kbv Abymvi msMwVZ ne| wkvg c`
Aavqmg~nK `ywU mvgwqKi Rb eb KiZ ne| we`vjqi Kvhwèmi cwigvYi Dci wfw Ki Aavqmg~nK
mvgwqK eb KiZ ne| c_g mvgwqK g~jvqbKZ Aavqmg~nK wZxq mvgwqK g~jvqbi Rb eenvi Kiv hve
bv| mvgwqK kl Abyq cixv wkvg welq Ges ci Rb eivKZ c~Y bî ne| wkvg iciLvi
welqKvVvgvq welqi c~Ybî Ìqv AvQ|
mRbkxj ckcwZi ckc `y&B aibi ck _vKe| GKwU nQ ewbevPwb ck Ges AciwU nQ mRbkxj ck|
ewbevPwb ckc wZb aibi ewbevPwb ck _vKe| Gjv nQ mvaviY ewbevPwb ck, ec`x mgvwm~PK
ewbevPwb ck Ges Awfb Z_wfwK ewbevPwb ck| ewbevPwb ckc wPb `Zvi Pvi ii ck
AvbycvwZKnvi _vKe| mKj AavqK cixvi AvIZvfz KiZ ne| ckc cYqbi c~e wb`kK QK Zwi
KiZ ne| cwZwU mRbkxj ck GKwU DxcK _vKe Ges DxcKi mv_ 4wU ck _vKe| ck 4wU w`q wPb
`Zvi PviwU i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM Ges DPZi `Zv) hvPvB Kiv ne| Ze wnmvewevb MwYZ I DPZi
MwYZ welqi wnmve mRbkxj ckc ay wPb `Zvi cqvM vii 3wU ck _vKe| 1wU mnR gvbi, 1wU
gagvbi I GKwU Acv KwVb gvbi ck bî c`vb wb`wkKv AbymiY Ki Dic g~jvqb KiZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
wkvg Dbqb mswk KwgwU

1. RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU
wgK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
bvg I c`we
W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bvmi Payix
mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi|
W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ|
hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awaì, AvMviMuvI, XvKv|
cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkvevW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkvevW, XvKv|
m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj
wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|
W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb
cvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I MelYv BbwwUDU
XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvb
Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi
BsiwR wefvM RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
m`m (cvVcyK), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv|
Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
KwgwUZ c`we
mfvcwZ
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
2. cdkbvj KwgwU
wgK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
bvg I c`we
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv|
cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, XvKv|
Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj
cavb mv`K, ekvLx Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|
cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkv evW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv|
AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K`, XvKv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
KwgwUZ c`we
mfvcwZ
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb

civgkK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv|
AavcK Kwdj Dxb Avng`
civgkK, cv_wgK wkvg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
cdmi gynv` Avjx
cvb m`m, wkvg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
(evmv-mK-gwfm 8g Zjv (cwg), 6/9, eK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|
Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi mvjgv AvLZvi
AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
Aa, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv|
m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
cavb wkK, MebgU jveiUwi nvB zj, avbgw, XvKv|
Rbve gvkZvK Avng` f~uBqv
weZiY wbqK, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
3. UKwbKvj KwgwU
wgK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
bvg I c`we
cdmi gvt Ave`yyj Revi
cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv|
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd
mycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi Ave`ym myenvb
cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awaì
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqv
cvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|
(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb
civgkK
GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv|
cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwig Payix
eevcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
W. Avyj gvjK
AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb
wkvg wekl
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve kvnxbviv eMg
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvb
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg
EaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m-mwPe
KwgwUZ c`we
AvnevqK
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m-mwPe
4. fwUs KwgwU
wgK
bvg I c`we
1.
evsjv
KwgwUZ c`we
1.
2.
2.
BsiwR
1.
2.
3.
MwYZ
1.
2.
4.
wevb
1.
2.
5.
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
1.
2.
6.
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
1.
2.
7.
cwiek cwiwPwZ
1.
2.
RvZxq wkvg 2012
AavcK Ave`yjvn Avey mvqx`

cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K`, XvKv|
cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg
Aa, miKvwi wevb KjR, XvKv|
cdmi Ave`ym myenvb
cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awaì, XvKv|
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)
cdmi gvt kvgmyj nK
cvb Wxb, evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, GvcvUgU-we-5, ivW bs
68G, jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
cdmi W. gvt Avyj gwZb
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. gvt Avym Qvgv`
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. gvt AvwRRyi ingvb
c`v_wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
Rbve gvnv` b~i Avjg wmwKx
mnhvMx AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. nvib Di iwk`
ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
W. mq` nvwdRyi ingvb
mnhvMx AavcK, cwiek wevb wefvM
RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj
KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM
kvn&Rvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|
Rbve gvt mwdDj Avjg Lvb
mnKvix AavcK, Z_ chyw BwUwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvj
f~Z wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. gvt LexiDxb
cwiek wevb wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
5.welq : cwimsLvb
g
1
2
3
4
5
bvg I cèx
cdmi W. mKvì nvqvZ Lvb
AvBGmAviwU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi kvnv`r Avwj gwjK
cwimsLvb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi W. Kvjxc` mb
cwimsLvb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
Rbve c`xc Kzgvi Payix
mnKvix AavcK, bUi Wg KjR, gwZwSj, XvKv|
Rbve bvRbxb AvLZvi
KvwiKzjvg wekl,GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
6. mvweK mg^q KwgwU

g
bvg I c`we
1.
Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb
KvwiKzjvg wekl I GmBGmwWwc dvKvj cqU
KvwiKzjvg WfjcgU BDwbU
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
2.
Rbve gvkZvK Avng` fu~Bqv
weZiY wbqK
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
wkvg Dbqb
KwgwUZ cèx
AvnevqK
m`m
m`m
m`m
mg^qKvix
KwgwUZ c`we
mvweK
mg^qKvix
mvweK
mg^qKvix
wkvg
cwimsLvb
GKv`k-v`k kwY
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

mKvwi GWzKkb mi WfjcgU cR
cwimsLvb GKv`k-v`k kwY
cv 1
1. f~wgKv
cwimsLvb wevbi AbZg cavb kvLv| cwimsLvb Melbvi fvlv| vb- wevbi me cwimsLvwbK vb I Gi
cqvM meRb ^xKZ I Abx^Kvh| ivxq, mvgvwRK I A_bwZK welqvw` weklY I evLv c`vb QvovI AvaywbK
cwimsLvbi eenvi cvKZ wevb, wPwKrmv wevb, wk, evwbR, Kwl, Z_ I chywmn mKj MelYvq AZ evcK|
GQvov cwimsLvbi evcK I mwVK cqvM Qvov AbK welqB DPZi wkv jvf I MelYv Kvhg cwiPvjbv cvq
Ame| cv_wgK i _K i Ki vZK I vZKvi chvq welqwU cvVgi Afz _vKjI KvhZ G welqwU
KvwLZ evcKZv jvf KiZ cviwb|
cwimsLvbi iZ Dcjw Ki RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW ec~eB GKv`k I v`k kwYZ cwimsLvbK
Avjv`v welq wnme wkv`vb Kivi wmv Mnb KiQ| MZ KqK eQi cwimsLvbi GB Afzw mxwgZ njI QvQvxì ga cwimsLvb welqwUi iZ mK wKQzUv aviYv w`Z mg nqQ| mgqi weeZb cwimsLvbi iZ
eoQ AbK Y| Gi cwiwa I cwimi nqQ evcK _K evcKZi| AvaywbKZvi k Gi cwieZb nqQ
DjLhvMfve| Z_i cwqvKiY GmQ AvaywbKZv I beZi `wfx| dj bZzb `wfxi gvag cwimsLvbK
bZzb AvwK cwiekbi cqvRbxqZv- AvR mgqi `vex| wekl Ki Z_ I chywi evcK Dbqb I cmvi cwimsLvb
welqK KiQ AviI eenvichvMx I AwaKZi kwkvjx wevb|
wewfb kvLvi wkv_xiv (hgb wevb, eemvq wkv, gvbweK I mvgvwRK wevb BZvw`) hvZ cwimsLvb welq
cqvRbxq cv_wgK vb ARb Ki cieZxZ wewfb welqi DPZi wkv I MelYv Ges RvZxq Rxebi wewfb
iZc~Y Ae`vb ivLZ cvi mB Pvwn`vK mvgb iLB cwimsLvb welqi wkvg mgqvchvMx Kiv nqQ|
cwigvwRZ wkvg RwUj MvwYwZK cgvYvwì cwZ Kg iZ w`q evZeRxeb mswk Dcv weklY cqvRbxq m~
mgyni h_vh_ cqvMi cwZ iZ Ìqv nqQ| Z_ Dcvcb cPwjZ jLwP QvovI Abymvbx Dcv weklY cwZ
(Exploratory data analysis) hgb kvLv I cK Dcvcb (stem and leaf display), cuvP msLvi mvi (five number
summery)
e I Bvi cU (Box and Whisker plot) BZvwì cwZ Rvi Ìqv nqQ| cwimsLvwbK vbK wkv_x
hb eve cqvM KiZ cvi mRb MZvbyMwZK eenvwiKK cwigvRb Ki cR IqvK mshvRb Kiv nqQ|
bvbv KviY wkv_xì ga cwimsLvb mK GKUv fxwZ cwijwZ nq|Gi djkwZZ wkv_xiv wkvi
bvbvwea mgmvi myLxb nQ Ges KvhZ DPZi wkv jvf I MelYv cwiPvjbvq wbirmvwnZ nq coQ| G Aev
cwieZbi j cwimsLvb welqwU mnR I AvKlYxqfve Dcvcbi Rb jLKì cwZ wekl wb`kbv c`vb Kiv
nqQ|
cZvkv Kiv hvq, GKv`k I v`k kwYi wkv_xì gvS cwimsLvb welqwU mvweKfve cwiwPZ Kivi c`c MnY Kiv
nj DPZi chvq wkv I MelYv gv^q Dj mvebv `Lv è|
cv 2
2.
Dk
1. cwimsLvb welq cqvRbxq vb ARb Ges eve h_vh_ eenvi KiZ mg nIqv|
2. wewfb aibi Z_ msMni Dcvq I Drm mK vb jvfKiv|
3. msMnxZ Z_i mswKiY, kwYKiY, webvm I Dcvcbi mwVK cwZ wbevPb I eenvi mg
nIqv|
4. iZi K_v weePbv Ki Abymvbx Dcv weklY (Exploratory data analysis) cwZ, Gi cqvRbxqZv I
eenvi mK aviYv jvf Kiv|
5. Z_-Dcvi Kw`q ceYZv I wevi wbYqi wewfb cwigvc Ges Z_i ewk mK vbjvf Kiv|
6.
eveRxeb mswk Dcv weklY cqvRbxq m~mg~ni h_vh_ cqvM KiZ mg nIqv|
7. wewfb PjKi ga mK vcb cwimsLvbi f~wgKv I Gi Zvrch mK vbjvf Kiv|

8. cwimsLvbi iZc~Y kvLv mvebv (probability) mK vbjvf Ki `bw`b Rxeb Zv cqvM KiZ
mg nIqv|
9. evsjv`ki cwimsLvb mK aviYv jvf Ki RvZxq Rxeb RbmsLv ewi mgmv m mPZb nIqv|
10. DPwkv Ges RvZxq Rxeb cwimsLvbi iZ I cqvM mK wkv_xì AewnZ Kiv Ges mevcwi Gi
Aceenvi mK mPZb nIqv|
11. cwimsLvbi welqe mK GKwU my aviYv wbq wevb, eemvq wkv I gvbweK kvLvmn vbi wewfb
eenvi mg nIqv|
cv 3
3. cwigvwRZ wkvgi wekl ewk
MelYvi fvlv ej LvZ cwimsLvb Z_ cwqvKiY I Dcvcb cPwjZ cwZi cvkvcvwk Abymvbx Dcv
weklY (exploratory data analysis) cwZ hgb: Stem and Leaf, Box & Whisker Plot, Five
number Summary wPi
gvag Dcvcbi cwZ iZ Ìqv nqQ|
wkvgK hyMvchvMx I wkv_xì Pvwn`v DchvMx Kivi Dk RwUj MvwYwZK cgvYvw` cwinvi Ki
cqvMi cwZ iZvivc Kiv nqQ|
wkK hb Zxq Aski mv_ mv_ Aavqi eenvwiK welqvw` mywbw` KiZ cvi mRb Zxq wkLbdji
cvkvcvwk mswk eenvwiK wkLbdj mshvRb Kiv nqQ|
cwimsLvwbK vbK Aviv cqvMgyLx Kivi Rb MZvbyMwZK eenvwiKK cwigvRb Ki cR IqvK mshvRb
Kiv nqQ| wkKi Zeavb wkv_xiv Z_ msMn, cwimsLvwbK cwigvc eenvi I Z_ weklY Ki wicvU
c`vb Kie|
welqei iZi cwZ j iL cwZwU Aavqi wkLbdj ARbi Rb cqvRbxq wcwiqW msLv wefvRb Ki
Ìqv nqQ| cqvRbxq AavqwfwK eenvwiKi Rb wcwiqW msLvI wbw` Ki Ìqv nqQ|
cwimsLvb welqwU mnR I AvKlbxqfve Dcvcbi Rb jLKì cwZ wekl wb`kbv c`vb Kiv nqQ|
cv 4
4. Aavq webvm I mgq eb

Aavq
c_g
wZxq
ZZxq
PZz_
cg
l
mg
Ag
c_g c
Aavqi wkivbvg
cwimsLvb, PjK I wewfb cZxKi aviYv

Z_ msMn, mswKiY I Dcvcb
Kw`q ceYZv
wevi cwigvc
cwiNvZ, ewgZv I m~PjZv
msklY I wbfiY
Kvjxb mvwi
evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvb
wcwiqW msLv
14
27
22
22
19
22
08
06
wZxq c
5.
Aavq webvm I mgq eb

Aavq
c_g
wZxq
ZZxq
PZz_
cg
l
mg
Ag
beg
mvebv
è PjK I mvebv webvm
MvwYwZK cZvkv
wc`x webvm
cumy webvm
cwiwgZ webvm
m~PK msLv
bgybvqb
Rxe cwimsLvb
Aavqi wkivbvg
wcwiqW msLv
15
11
08
18
16
21
18
19
14
cv 5
6. gvbeUb
cwZ c 100 bîi cixv ne| cwimsLvb c_g c Ges wZxq c cvV`vbi Rb gvbeUb wbic:
c_g ci Rb gvbeb:
c_g c
Zxq
eenvwiK
gvU
c_g c eenvwiKi gvb eb:
bî
75
25
100
eenvwiK
weeP welq
gwLK
mgmv mgvavb
(wjwLZ)
gvU
wZxq ci Rb gvbeb:
wZxq c
Zxq
eenvwiK
gvU
bî
05
20
25
wZxq c eenvwiKi Rb gvbeb:
bî
75
25
100
eenvwiK
weeP welq
cR IqvK
gwLK
mgmv mgvavb
(wjwLZ)
gvU
bî
10
05
10
25
wcwiqW msLv:
cwZc cvV`vbi Rb 140 wcwiqW Ki Dfqc gvU 280 wcwiqW wbaviY Kiv nqQ| cwZwU Kvmi evw 60 wgwbU|
c_g c
Zxq
eenvwiK
gvU
wcwiqW
110
30
140
wZxq c
Zxq
eenvwiK
gvU
wcwiqW
110
30
140
cv 6
7. wkvg QK
c_g c
cv 7
c_g Aavq: cwimsLvb, PjK I cZxK

(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
welqe
1. cwimsLvbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
1. cwimsLvb
2. cwimsLvbi Drcw I ewk eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. cwimsLvbi Drcw
3. cwimsLvbi iZ, eenvi I Kvhvewj weklY
3. iZ, eenvi I Kvhvewj
KiZ cvie|
4. mgMK, bgybv, PjK I aeKi aib evLv KiZ
4. mgMK I bgybv
cvie|
PjK I aeK
5. MyYevPK I msLvevPK PjKi cv_K wbicb KiZ
5. YevPK I msLvevPK PjK
cvie|
6. wewQb I AwewQb PjKi cv_K Zzjbv KiZ
6. wewQb I AweQb PjK
cvie|
7. cwigvcbi cKvif` (scale of measurements)
7. scale of measurements Gi aviYv D`vniYmn
(bvgm~PK, wgKm~PK, kwYm~PK I AvbycvwZK
evLv KiZ cvie|
cwivgvcb)
8. wewfb PjKi scale of measurements h_v_fve
8. wewfb PjKi scale of measurements
mbv KiZ cvie|
9.
D`vniYi mvnvh KwZcq cZxKi aviYv evLv

KiZ cvie Ges cqvRbxq eenvi KiZ
cvie|
mbvKiY
9. KwZcq cZxKi( , , BZvwì) aviYv,

eenvi I eve D`vniY
cv 8
wZxq Aavq: Z_ msMn, mswKiY I Dcvcb

+eenvwiK 04)
(14 wcwiqW )
wcwiqW-27 (Zxq 23
wkLbdj
welqe
1. Z_, Z_ msMni cqvRbxqZv I Z_i cKvif`
1. Z_, Z_ msMni cqvRbxqZv, Z_i cKvif`
evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cv_wgK Z_ msMn Kivi wewfb cwZ eYbv KiZ
2. cv_wgK Z_ msMn cwZ
cvie |
3. cv_wgK Z_ msMn Kivi wewfb cwZi myweav I
3. cv_wgK Z_ msMn cwZi myweav, Amyweav
Amyweav Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
4. gvawgK Z_i wewfb Drm eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. gvawgK Z_i Drm
5. gvawgK Z_i mxgveZv evLv KiZ cvie|
5. gvawgK Z_i mxgveZv
6. gvawgK Z_ msMni evcvi mZKZv Aej^b KiZ

cvie|
7. gvawgK Z_i iZ weklY KiZ cvie|
8. Z_ mswKiYi cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|
6. gvawgK Z_ msMn mZKZv
9. Z_ mswKiYi cwZ mK eYbv KiZ cvie|

10. Z_ mswKiYi cwZ eenvi Ki Z_K
mswic Dcvcb KiZ cvie|
11. YevPK Z_K wPi gvag Dcvcb Ki Z_i

ewk weklY KiZ cvie|
12. msLvevPK Z_K jLwPi mvnvh Dcvcb Ki

Z_i ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
13. Z_K kvLv I cK Dcvcb (stem and leaf) Gi

mvnvh Dcvcb Ki Dcvi ewk weklY KiZ
cvie|
14. Z_ Dcvcb wP I jLwPi iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
wZxq Aavq: Z_ msMn, mswKiY I Dcvcb
7. gvawgK Z_i iZ
8. Z_ Dcvcb I mswKiY (Organization
and Presentation of Data)
9. Z_ mswKiYi wewfb cwZ
9.1 kwYeKiY
9.1.1 kwYeKiYi Dk I cqvRbxqZv
9.2 ZvwjKveKiY
9.2.1 ZvwjKveKiYi cYvjx
9.3 MYmsLv, MYmsLv wbekb I Gi iZ
9.4 MYmsLv wbekb cZ cYvjx
(Afy cwZ I ewnfz cwZ)
9.5 cKZ kwYmxgv
9.6 Amg kwYmxgv I Lvjv kwYmxgvi aviYv
10. Z_ mswKiYi cwZ eenvi Ki Z_K
mswic Dcvcb
11. YevPK, weklZ categorical Z_K wPi
gvag Dcvcb I evLv c`vb
11.1 ` wP (Bar diagram)
11.2 cvB wP
12. msLvevPK Z_K jLwPi mvnvh Dcvcb I
evLv c`vb
12.1 AvqZjL, MYmsLv efzR
12.2 MYmsLv iLv, AwRf iLv
13. kvLv I cK Dcvcb(stem and leaf display)
14. Z_ Dcvcb wP I jLwPi iZ
Pjgvb-2
eenvwiK
cv 9
15. AkwYKZ Z_(raw/ungrouped data) nZ

MYmsLv webvm Zwi KiZ cvie|
15. MYmsLv webvm ZwiKiY
16. MYmsLv webvm nZ AvqZjL, MYmsLv iLv,

MYmsLv efzR I AwRf iLv Ab I stem
and leaf display Dcvcb KiZ cvie|
16. jLwPi mvnvh Dcvcb

16.1 AvqZjL
16.2 MYmsLv efzR
16.3 MbmsLv iLv
16.4 AwRf iLv
16.5 kvLv I cK Dcvcb ( stem and leaf
display)
cv 10
ZZxq Aavq: Kw`q ceYZv
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. Kw`q ceYZv I Zvi cwigvc evLv KiZ cvie|
2. wewfb cKvi Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvc eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. wewfb cKvi Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvc wbYq KiZ
cvie|
4. Kw`q ceYZvi wewfb cwigvci eenvi evLv

KiZ cvie|
5. Av`k cwigvci ewk eYbv KiZ cvie|
6. wewfb cKvi Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvci Zzjbvg~jK
weklY KiZ cvie|
7. Z_i cKwZ Abymvi Kvb Kvb aibi
cwigvc eenvi KiZ ne-G evcvi wmv wbZ
cvie|
8. Kw`q ceYZv mwKZ KwZcq MvwYwZK m~ cgvY
I cqvM KiZ cvie|
wcwiqW:22 (Zxq 16 +eenvwiK 06)

welqe
1. Kw`q ceYZv
2. wewfb cKvi Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvc
3. AkwYKZ I kwYKZ Z_i Rb
3.1 MvwYwZK Mo
3.2 RvwgwZK Mo
3.3 Zi Mo
3.4 gagv I cPziK
3.5 fvi AvivwcZ Mo /mwwjZ MvwYwZK Mo
4. Kw`q ceYZvi wewfb cwigvci eenvi
5. Av`k cwigvci ewk
6. Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvci Zzjbvg~jK weklY
7. Kvb aibi cwigvc Kv_vq Dchy
8. Kw`q ceYZv mwKZ KwZcq MvwYwZK m~
8.1 Z_mvwii gvbjv nZ Mo eeavbi mgw
k~bi mgvb|
8.2 Z_mvwii gvbjv nZ Mo eeavbi eMi
mgw z`Zg|
8.3 MvwYwZK Mo g~j I gvcbxi Dci wbfikxj|
8.4 =
hLvb
=
=
8.5 `yBwU abvZK ivwki Rb, . .
.
8.6 `yBwU abvZK ivwki Rb, . . =
( . )
8.7 c_g n msLK ^vfvweK msLvi Rb
MvwYwZK Mo =
8.8 `yB mU Z_i
9. PZz_K, `kgK, kZgKi avibv evLv KiZ

cvie|
eenvwiK
10. AkwYKZ I kwYKZ Z_i Rb MvwYwZK Mo,
mwwjZ MvwYwZK Mo, RvwgwZK Mo, Zi Mo,
wbYq KiZ cvie|
11. AvqZjL Ab I AwRfiLv Ab KiZ cvie|
12. AwRf iLv nZ gagv, PZz_K, `kgK, kZgK I
cPziK wbYq cvie|
13. AvqZjL I AwRf iLv nZ gagv, PZz_K,
`kgK, kZgK I cPziK wbYq Ki wewfb cki
Di w`Z cvie|
9. PZz_K, `kgK, kZgKi avibv
10.AkwYKZ I kwYKZ Z_i Rb MvwYwZK Mo,

mwwjZ MvwYwZK Mo, RvwgwZK Mo, Zi Mo wbYq
11. AvqZjL I AwRfiLv Ab
12. AwRfiLvi mvnvh PZz_K, `kgK, kZgK wbYq
13. AvqZjL I AwRfiLvi mvnvh wewfb aibi
mgmvi mgvavb
cv 11
cv 12
PZy_ Aavq: wevi cwigvc (14 wcwiqW )
wcwiqW: 22 (Zxq 16 +eenvwiK 06)
wkLbdj
welqe
1. wevi I Zvi cwigvci cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ
1. wevi I Zvi cwigvci cqvRbxqZv
cvie|
2. wewfb cKvi wevi cwigvc eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. wewfb cKvi wevi cwigvc
2.1 Abc wevi cwigvc
2.1.1 cwimi
2.1.2 Mo eeavb
2.1.3 f`v
2.1.4 PZz_K eeavb
2.1.5 cwiwgZ eeavb
2.2 AvcwK wevi cwigvc
2.21 wef`v
2
wewfb cKvi cwigvci mvnvh wevi cwigvc KiZ

cvie|
3 f`v I wef`vi DchvwMZv evLv Ki eenvi
KiZ cvie|
4 f`v I cwiwgZ eeavbi Dci g~j I j
cwieZbi cfve evLv KiZ cvie Ges cqvM
KiZ cvie|
5 wewfb cKvi wevi cwigvci myweav Amyweav
weklY KiZ cvie
6 wewfb cwiw_wZZ wewfb cwigvci DchvwMZv evLv
KiZ cvie|
7 wevi cwigvci KwZcq m~ cgvY KiZ cvie|
3. wewfb cKvi cwigvci mvnvh wevi cwigvc

4. f`v I wef`vi DchvwMZv
5. f`v I cwiwgZ eeavbi Dci g~j I j
cwieZbi cfve
6. wewfb cKvi wevi cwigvci Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv
7. Kvb Kvb cwigvc DchvMx
8. wevi cwigvci cgvYvw`
8.1 `yBwU Amg abvZK msLvi Rb
8.2 n msLK abvZK msLvi 100 1 >

.
8.3 c_g n msLK ^vfvweK msLvi f`v
8 mwwjZ cwiwgZ eeavbi m~ eYbv Ki eenvi
KiZ cvie|
9 eve wevi cwigvc eenvi KiZ cvie|
9. mwwjZ cwiwgZ eeavbi m~

9.1 `yB mU Z_i Rb mwwjZ f`v
10. eve wevi cwigvc eenvi m^wjZ D`vniY
eenvwiK
10 c` Z_ nZ cwimi, Mo eeavb, f`v, cwiwgZ
eeavb I wef`v wbYq Ges Z_i ewk weklY
KiZ cvie|
11. c` Z_ nZ cwimi, Mo eeavb, f`v,

cwiwgZ eeavb I wef`v wbYq Ges evLv
cv 13
cg Aavq: cwiNvZ, ewgZv I m~uPjZv
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. cwiNvZi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
wcwiqW: 19(Zxq 13 +eenvwiK 06)

welqe
1. cwiNvZ I cwiNvZi cKvif`
2. AkvwaZ cwiNvZK kvwaZ cwiNvZ icvi

KiZ cvie|
3. cwiNvZi cqvRbxqZv I eenvi evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. ewgZv I Gi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. wewfb cKvi ewgZvi cwigvc evLv KiZ cvie|
6. mu~PjZv I Gi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie|
7. mu~PjZvi cwigvc nZ Z_i ewk weklY KiZ
cvie|
8. cvuP msLvi mvi (five numbers summary)
2. AkvwaZ cwiNvZK kvwaZ cwiNvZ icvi
9. Box & Whisker Plot Gi mvnvh Z_ weklY

KiZ cvie|
9. Box & Whisker Plot G Z_i Dcvcb I

Z_i weklY
eenvi Ki Z_i ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
eenvwiK
10. c_g PviwU cwiNvZ wbYq KiZ cvie|
11. m~uPjZv I ewgZv wbYq KiZ cvie|
12. Box & Whisker Plot Ges cuvP msLvi mvi
(five numbers summary) Gi mvnvh Z_
Dcvcb I Gi ewk weklY KiZ cvie|
3. cwiNvZi cqvRbxqZv I eenvi

4.
5.
6.
7.
ewgZv I Gi cKvif`
wewfb cKvi ewgZvi cwigvc
mu~PjZv I Gi cKvif`
mu~PjZvi cwigvc
8. cvuP msLvi mvi (five numbers summary) I

Gi eenvi
10. Z_ nZ c_g PviwU cwiNvZ wbYq

11. m~uPjZv I ewgZv wbYq I aib wbYq
12. Box & Whisker Plot Zix I cuvP msLvi
mvi (five numbers summary) wbYq I
ewk weklY
cv 14
l Aavq: msklY I wbfiY
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
welqe
1. wPjK wewk Z_ I mskli aviYv
1. wPjK wewk Z_
eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. mnR msklY I Gi aib evLv KiZ
2. mnR mskl I Gi aib(nature)
cvie|
3. wPjKwewk Z_i msklY cwigvc
3. mnR mskli cwigvc
KiZ cvie|
4. c` Z_i wec wP Ab Ges
4. wec wP
mskli aib weklY KiZ cvie|
5. mnf`v wbYq KiZ cvie|
5. mnf`v I msklv
6. msklvi ag evLv KiZ cvie|
6. msklvi ag, cgvY I eenvi
7. msklvi ag cgvY Ges eenvi
7. msklvi ag:
KiZ cvie|
7.1 msklvi g~j I gvcbxi Dci wbfikxjZv
7.2
=
.
7.3 1 1
7.4 mnR g mskl
8. wbfiY I wbfiv Kx Zv evLv KiZ
8. wbfiY I wbfiv
cvie|
9. wPjKi wbfiY iLv m~i
9. m~i mvnvh wbfiY iLv wbicb(cgvY cqvRb bvB) I
mvnvh wbicb Ges c~evfvm c`vb
c~evfvm c`vb
KiZ cvie|
eenvwiK
10. AkwYKZ Z_ nZ msklv wbYq
10. AkwYKZ Z_ nZ msklv wbYq
KiZ cvie|
11. mnR g mskl wbYq KiZ cvie|
11. mnR g mskl wbYq
12. wec wP Ab KiZ cvie|
12. wec wP Ab
13. wbfiYiLv wbicY Ki c~evfvm c`vb

KiZ cvie|
14. wewfb dvskbi jL Ab KiZ
cvie|
13. wbfiY iLv wbicY (m~ eenvi Ki)
14. wewfb dvskbi jL Ab

14.1
= +
14.2
=
14.3
=
14.4
=
14.5
= +
+
14.6
= + log
cv 15
mg Aavq: Kvjxb mvwi
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. Kvjxb mvwii aviYv Ges Gi cqvRbxqZv

evLv KiZ cvie|
2. Kvjxb mvwii wewfb Dcv`vb eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. gy niLv cwZ, AvavMo cwZ, Pwjy Mo
cwZ cqvM Ki Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv
wbYq KiZ cvie|
4. mgqwfwK Z_i MwZaviv wbicb KiZ
cvie Ges welqwfwK c~evfvm c`vb KiZ
cvie|
eenvwiK
5. Kvjxb mvwi _K mvaviY aviv wbYq Ges
c~evfvm c`vb KiZ cvie|

welqe
1. Kvjxb mvwi
2. Kvjxb mvwii wewfb Dcv`vb
3. Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv wbYqi wewfb
cwZ
3.1 gy niLv cwZ
3.2 AvavMo cwZ
3.3 Pwjz Mo cwZ
4. Kvjxb mvwii eenvi
5. Kvjxb mvwii mvaviY aviv wbYq I c~evfvm

wbYq
Ag Aavq: evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvb (14 wcwiqW )

wkLbdj
1. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi wewfb

Drm eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi kwYwefvM
evLv KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi mxgveZv
evLv KiZ cvie Ges DrKlZv ewZ
mycvwik c`vb KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki mekl Av`ggvix Abyhvqx
cKvwkZ Z_ eYbv KiZ cvie|
wcwiqW:6
welqey
1. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi wewfb Drm

2. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi kwYwefvM
3. evsjv`ki cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi mxgveZv
I DrKlZv ewi Dcvq
4. mekl Av`ggvix Abyhvqx cKvwkZ Z_
(RbmsLv mwKZ)
cv 16
cwimsLvb wZxq c
c_g Aavq : mvebv
(14 wcwiqW )
15
wkLbdj
wcwiqWwelqe
1. mvebvi mv_ mwKZ wewfb welq D`vniYmn eYbv

KiZ cvie|
1. mvebvi mv_ mwKZ wewfb welq

1.1 cixv, è cixv, Pv (Trial)
1.2 bgybvwe`y, bgybv, NUbv
1.3 cii eRbkxj NUbv, cii AeRbkxj
NUbv
1.4 wbwZ I AwbwZ NUbv
1.5 wbfikxj I Awbfikxj NUbv
1.6 Ame NUbv, cwic~iK NUbv
2. mU , webvm I mgvek Kx evLv KiZ cvie|
2. mU , webvm I mgvek
3.
4. kZvaxb mvebv, ^vaxb mvebvi aviYv evLv KiZ

cvie|
3. mvebvi MvwYwZK (Classical/Perior ), Avivnx

(Empirical/Posterior), Ges mvebvi ^Ztwm
wfwK (Axiomatic) msv
4. kZvaxb mvebv I ^vaxb mvebv
( D`vniYi mvnvh)
5. cii eRbkxj I AeRbkxj NUbvi Rb mvebvi

hvMm~i cgvY I cqvM KiZ cvie|
5. cii eRbkxj I AeRbkxj NUbvi Rb

mvebvi hvMm~
6. Awbfikxj I wbfikxj NUbvi Rb mvebvi Ybm~

eYbv I cqvM KiZ cvie|
6. Awbfikxj I wbfikxj NUbvi Rb mvebvi

Ybm~ (cgvY eZxZ)
7. eve RxebwfwK mnR mgmv mgvavb mvebvi

aviYv I m~mgyn cqvM KiZ cvie|
7. MvwYwZK mgmv
(eveRxebwfwK mgmv hgb- ej, gy`v, Qv
BZvwì mvnvh)
mvebvi wewfb msv evLv KiZ cvie|
cv 17
wZxq Aavq: è PjK I mvebv webvm (14 wcwiqW )
wcwiqW-
11
wkLbdj
1. è PjK, wewQb I AwewQb è PjK mbv KiZ
cvie|
2. dvskb I mgvKjbi cv_wgK aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
welqe
1. è PjK, wewQb I AwewQb è PjK
3.
, ( + ) Ges
, m~i
cqvM KiZ cvie|
4. mvebv dvskb ,mvebv NbZ dvskb aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
5. mvebv dvskb ,mvebv NbZ dvskb wbYq KiZ cvie|
3.
, ( + ) Ges
m~i cqvM
4. mvebv dvskb, mvebv NbZ dvskbi aviYv
6. webvm dvskb, hy mvebv dvskb evLv KiZ cvie|
6. webvm dvskb, hy mvebv dvskb
7. mvebv dvskb mwKZ mgmv mgvavb KiZ cvie|
7. mvebv dvskb mwKZ mgmvi mgvavb
ZZxq Aavq :MvwYwZK cZvkv
(14 wcwiqW )
2. dvskb I mgvKjbi cv_wgK aviYv
5. mvebv dvskb, mvebv NbZ dvskbi wbYq
wcwiqW-8 (Zxq 7 +eenvwiK 01)
wkLbdj
1. MvwbwZK cZvkv, è PjKi f`v, mnf`v I
cwiNvZ evLv KiZ cvie|
welqe
1. MvwbwZK cZvkvi msv, è PjKi f`v,
mnf`v I cwiNvZ
2. MvwYwZK cZvkv I f`vi ag evLv KiZ cvie|
2. MvwYwZK cZvkv I f`vi ag
3. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I Ybm~i

eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I

Ybm~i eYbv
4. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I Ybm~i

eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I

Ybm~i cqvM
5. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I Ybm~

cqvM KiZ cvie|
5. `yBwU PjKi cZvkvi hvMm~ I Ybm~

cqvM KiZ cvie|
6. dvskbi MvwYwZK cZvkv I f`v wbYq KiZ

cvie|
eenvwiK
7. eve RxebwfwK mgmvi mvnvh MvwYwZK cZvkv I
f`v wbYq KiZ cvie|
6. dvskbi MvwYwZK cZvkv I f`v
7. MvwYwZK cZvkv I f`v wbYq
cv 18
PZy_ Aavq :wc`x webvm
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. evbvjx Uvqvj I Gi ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
welqe
1. evbvjx Uvqvj I Zvi ewk
2.
wc`x webvm, wc`x webvmi m~ I mvebv dvskb

D`vniYi mvnvh evLv KiZ cvie|
3. wc`x webvmi mvebvi dvskb wbYq KiZ cvie|
2. wc`x webvm, wc`x webvmi m~
4. wc`x webvmi DchyZv eve D`vniYi mvnvh

hvPvB KiZ cvie
4.
5. wc`x webvmi Mo I f`v wbYq Ki Zvì Zzjbv

KiZ cvie|
6. wc`x webvmi agvewj I eenvi eYbv KiZ
cvie|
7. wc`x webvmi wewfb mgmvewj mgvavb KiZ
cvie|
8. eve D`vniYi mvnvh wc`x webvmi mvebv wbYq
Ges cv I cZvwkZ NUbmsLvi Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
5. wc`x webvmi Mo I f`v wbYq I Zvì

Zzjbv
6. wc`x webvmi agvewj I eenvi
9. eve wc`x webvm wgjKiY KiZ cvie|
9. eve wc`x webvm wgjKiY
3. wc`x webvmi mvebv dvskb

hme wc`x webvm chvR Zvi D`vniY
7. eve D`vniYi mvnvh wc`x webvmi

mgmvewj
8. cv I cZvwkZ NUb msLvi Zzjbv
eenvwiK
10. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh wc`x webvm wgjKiY
KiZ cvie|
10. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh wc`x webvm wgjKiY
11. wPi mvnvh cv I cZvwkZ NUbmsLvi Zzjbv

KiZ cvie|
11. wPi mvnvh cv I cZvwkZ NUbmsLv Zzjbv
cv 19
cg Aavq: cmyu webvm
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. cumy PjK I cumy webvmi aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
welqe
1. cumy PjK I cumy webvm
2. cumy PjKi eve D`vniY eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. cumy PjKi eve D`vniY
3. wc`x webvm nZ cumy webvmi mvebv dvskb wbYq

KiZ cvie|
3. wc`x webvm nZ cumy webvmi mvebv dvskb
4. cumy webvmi Mo I f`v wbYq KiZ cvie|
4. cumy webvmi Mo I f`v
5. cumy webvmi eenvi I agvewj evLv KiZ cvie|
5. cumy webvmi eenvi I agvewj
6. cumy webvmi wewfb mgmvewj mgvavb KiZ cvie|

eenvwiK
6. cumy webvmi wewfb mgmvewj
7. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh cumy webvm wgjKiY

KiZ cvie|
7. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh cumy webvm wgjKiY

KiZ cvie|
cv 20
l Aavq : cwiwgZ webvm

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
cwiwgZ PjK, cwiwgZ webvmi evLv c`vb KiZ
cvie|
cwiwgZ webvmi jLwP Ab KiZ cvie|
Av`k cwiwgZ PjK Ges cwiwgZ PjKi Mo I
f`v evLv KiZ cvie|
cwiwgZ webvm I cwiwgZ iLvi agvewj evLv KiZ
cvie|
cwiwgZ iLvi jLwP nZ Z_i ewk weklY
KiZ cvie|
wcwiqW-21 (Zxq 16+eenvwiK 07)

welqe
1. cwiwgZ webvm
2. cwiwgZ webvmi jLwP
3. Av`k cwiwgZ PjK Ges Gi Mo I f`v
4. cwiwgZ webvm I cwiwgZ iLvi agvewj
5. cwiwgZ iLvi jLwP nZ Z_i ewk
6. cwiwgZ mvebv mviwYi eenvi KiZ cvie|
6. cwiwgZ mvebv mviwY
7. wc`x webvm I cumy webvmi m cwiwgZ webvmi

mK evLv KiZ cvie|
8. cwiwgZ webvmi wewfb mgmvewj mgvavb KiZ
cvie|
7. wc`x webvm I cumy webvmi m cwiwgZ

webvmi mK(cgvY eZxZ)
8. cwiwgZ webvmi wewfb mgmvewj
9. Kvb cwiwgZ webvm Dchy Zv wbaviY KiZ

cvie|
eenvwiK
9. cwiwgZ webvmi DchyZv
10. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh cwiwgZ webvm wgjKiY

KiZ cvie|
10. MbmsLv webvmi mvnvh cwiwgZ webvm

wgjKiY

KiZ cvie|
cv 21
mg Aavq : m~PK msLv
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. m~PK msLv I Gi cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|

2. wewfb aiYi m~PK msLv eYbv KiZ cvie
3. mvaviY I fvi AvivwcZ m~PK msLv evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. mvaviY I fvi AvivwcZ m~PKi cv_K wbicb KiZ
cvie|
5. wewfb m~i mvnvh m~PK msLv wbYq KiZ cvie|

welqe
1. m~PK msLv I Gi cqvRbxqZv
2. wewfb aiYi m~PK msLv
(g~j m~PK msLv, cwigvY m~PK msLv BZvw`)
3. mvaviY I fvi AvivwcZ m~PK msLv
4. mvaviY I fvi AvivwcZ m~PKi cv_K
5. m~PK msLv wbYq cwZ
6. m~PK msLvi wewfb cixv mv`b KiZ cvie|
6. m~PK msLvi wewfb cixv
7. Av`k m~PK msLv mbv KiZ cvie|
7. Av`k m~PK msLv
8. Rxeb hvvi eq m~PK msLv wbYq KiZ cvie|
8. Rxeb hvvi eq m~PK msLv wbYq cwZ
9. m~PK msLv eenvi Ki mgmv mgvavb KiZ cvie|
9. m~PK msLvi eenvi
eenvwiK
10. wewfb m~i mvnvh g~j I cwigvY m~PK msLv wbYq
KiZ cvie|
11. Rxeb hvvi eq m~PK msLv wbYq KiZ cvie|
10. g~j I cwigvY m~PK msLv
12. m~PK msLvi wewfb cixv KiZ cvie|
12. m~PK msLvi wewfb cixv
13. Av`k m~PK msLv mbv KiZ cvie|
13. Av`k m~PK msLv mbvKiY
11. Rxebhvvi eq m~PK msLv
cv 22
Ag Aavq : bgybvqb
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj
1. bgybvqb mwKZ wewfb welqvw` D`vniYmn eYbv
KiZ cvie|

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
welqe
bgybvqb mwKZ wewfb welqvw`:
bgybv, Z_wek,
mmxg I Amxg Z_wek,
bgybv GKK,bgybv AvKvi,
enr bgybv, civwgwZ bgybvR
2. bgybvR Rixc I gvixi myweav I Amyweav weklY

KiZ cvie|
3. bgybvR wU I AbgybvR wU evLv KiZ cvie|
2. bgybvR Rixc I gvixi myweav I Amyweav
4. bgybvR wU I AbgybvR wUjv Kgvbvi Dcvq

eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. mvebv bgybvqb I Dkg~jK bgybvqb evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. bgybvR wU I AbgybvR wU nvmi Dcvq
6. mij è bgybvqb evLv KiZ cvie|
5.
7. mij è bgybvqbi Mo I f`vi m~ eYbv I

eenvi KiZ cvie|
7. mij è bgybvqbi Mo I f`v
8. bgybv Rixci Rb ckgvjv cYqbi mvavib wb`kbv

eYbv KiZ cvie|
8. bgybv Rixci Rb ckgvjv cYqbi mvavib

wb`kbv
3. bgybvR wU I AbgybvR wU Ges Zv nvmi

Dcvq
5. mvebv bgybvqb I Dkg~jK bgybvqb

6. mij è bgybvqb
eenvwiK
9. mij è bgybvqb Mo I f`vsK wbYq KiZ cvie|
9. mij è bgybvqb Mo I f`vsK wbYq
10. bgybv Rixci Rb mnR ckgvjv Zix (wkKi

mnvqZvq), Z_ msMn I weklY KiZ cvie|
10. bgybv Rixci Rb mnR ckgvjv Zix

(wkKi mnvqZvq) Z_ msMn I weklY
cv 23
beg Aavq :Rxe cwimsLvb
(14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj

welqe
1. Rxe cwimsLvb I Gi wewfb Drm eYbv KiZ

cvie|
1. Rxe cwimsLvb I Gi wewfb Drm
2. Rxe cwimsLvb mwKZ wewfb AbycvZ I nvi

mgyni evLv KiZ cvie|
2. Rxe cwimsLvb mwKZ wewfb AbycvZ I

nvimgyn :
2.1 wbfikxjZvi AbycvZ, wj AbycvZ
2.2 RbmsLvi NbZ, AkvwaZ Rbnvi
2.3 mvaviY cRbb nvi,eqtwgK cRbb
nvi
2.4 gvU cRbb nvi,zj I bxU nvi
2.5 AkvwaZ gZznvi
2.6 RbmsLv ewi nvi
3. evsjv`ki RbmsLvi wewfb cKvi

RbwgwZK nvi wbYq Ki RbmsLv ew mK
ge KiZ cvie|
eenvwiK
4. evsjv`ki RbmsLvi wewfb cKvi
RbwgwZK nvi wbYq KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki RbmsLvi ew mK aviYv
4. Rxe cwimsLvb mwKZ wewfb AbycvZ I

nvimgyn :
4.1 wbfikxjZvi AbycvZ, wj AbycvZ,
4.2 RbmsLvi NbZ, AkvwaZ Rbnvi,
4.3 mvaviY cRbb nvi, eqtwgK
cRbb nvi,
4.4 gvU cRbb nvi,zj I bxU nvi,
4.5 AkvwaZ gZznvi, RbmsLv ewi
nvi
cv 24
eenvwiKi Rb wekl wb`kbv

MelYvi fvlv wnmve eZgvb wek cwimsLvbi eenvi w`b w`b eoB PjQ| bZzb bZzb welqi MelYvI
cwimsLvwbK Zi evcK cqvM nQ| ZvB wewfb MelYvagx eve Dcv cwimsLvb Zi mwVK cqvMi Kkj
AeMZ nIqvi Rb eenvwiK cwimsLvb Ges cR IqvKi weK bB| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK
cwigvwRZ I bevqbKZ cwimsLvb welqK wkvg eenvwiKi Rb mycvwik wbi~c:
Zxq cwimsLvbi cwZ Aavqi cvV`vbi cvkvcvwk eenvwiK Kvm MnY I g~jvqbi eev MnY KiZ ne|
msMwnZ Z_ Dcvbi Rb MbmsLv wbekb MVb, wewfb jLwP Dcvcbmn Abymvbx Dcv weklY
(exploratory data analysis) cwZi kvLv cK Dcvcb (stem and leaf display), mn cuvP msLvi
mvi (five number summary) ,e Bvi cU (Box and Whisker plot) Dcvcb Ki Dcvi ewk
evLv c`vb KiZ ne|
wewfb Kw`q ceYZv, wevi, cwiNvZ,m~PjZv,ewgZvi cwigvc,mskl I wbfib cwigvc I ge, Kvjxb mvwi
weklY, m~PK msLv,Rxe cwimsLvb welqK mgmv mgvavbi m~ I wbqgvewj AavqwfwK eve D`vniYi
mvnvh nvZ Kjg wkvi eev wbZ ne|
wewfb mvebv webvm wgjKiY, bgybvqb welqK mgmvi mgvavbi my I wbqgvewj eenvwiK cwimsLvb Aavq
wfwK nvZ Kjg wkv w`Z ne|
v`k kwYZ cwimsLvbi wkv_xK GKwU cR mymb Ki Rgv w`Z ne|
cR IqvK ne bgybv RixcwfwK| cwZ wkv_x wkKi mnvqZvq GKwU ckgvjv Zix Ki wbRB Dcv
msMn Kie| msMwnZ Dcv h_vh_fve MYmsLv wbekb I jLwPi gvag Dcvcb, weklY (Mo, f`v,
m~PjZv,ewgZv BZvw`) gemn cwZe`b Dcvcb KiZ ne| welq wkKB cR IqvK g~jvqb Kieb|
cv 25
jLKì Rb mvaviY wb`kbv

cwimsLvb welqwU mK bvbv KviY wkv_xì ga AnZzK fxwZ cwijwZ nq| wkvg eve Rxeb
mswk welqvwì Afve Ges cvVwelqvwì Dcvcb AvKlbxq I mnReva bv nIqv Gi AbZg KviY|ZvB
jLKMY cqvRbi AwZwi AvjvPbv cwinvi Ki wkvg Abyhvqx welqe AvjvPbv Kieb| wewfb m~i
Dci Kg Rvi w`q cqvRbxq m~mgyni eenvi Ki bvbviKg mgmv mgvavb AwaK iZ w`Z ne| evLv,
cqvM I weklYK iZ wèb| cyK iPbvq Di AvgwiKv _K cKvwkZ fvjvgvbi eBjvK AbymiY
KiZ ne|
c_g c iPbvq jLKì Rb wb`kbv

c_g Aavq
cwimsLvb ki Drcw, BwZnvm, wewea eenvi I ewkjv mK AvjvPbv _vKe|

wewfb cwimsLvbwe`ì hgb BDj I Kvj, Ub KvDWb I Avi G wdkvi, mw I Abvb
mycwiwPZ cwimsLvbwe`ì Ìqv msv chvjvPbv Ki meRbMnxZ cwimsLvbi msv w`Z ne|
MelYvi fvlv wnmve eZgvb wek cwimsLvbi ej eenvi wevwiZfve AvjvPbv KiZ ne|
mgMK,bgybv, PjK I aeK Ges cwigvcbi cKvif` eve D`vniYi gvag Zzj aiZ ne|
MvwYwZK cZxKmgyni aviYv I eenvi mK AvjvPbv _vKZ ne| wkv_xiv hnZy cwimsLvb , ,
wP mgyni mv_ c_gevii gZv cwiwPZ ne, ZvB jLK wewfb D`vniYi gvag welqwU Dcvcb
wekl hZevb neb
wZxq Aavq
Z_ msMn, mvRvbv I Dcvcb cwimsLvbi AbZg iZc~Y welq| Z_ msMni mwVK cwqv
mnRfvlvq eYbv KiZ ne| BDGmG I KvbvWv _K mvwZKKvj cKvwkZ cyKvwì mvnvh bqv hZ
cvi|
Z_ kwYeKiY, MYmsLv cZ cYvjx Gi myweav I mxgveZv evLv Ki eve Z_i D`vniYi gvag
AvjvwPZ welqvw` Dcvcb Kieb|
Z_ Dcvcb jLwPi iZ, Dcvcb cwZ, kvLv cK Dcvcb mn (stem and leaf display)
me aibi jLwPi DchvMxZv I h_v_Zvi evLv _vKZ ne|
ZZxq Aavq
Kw`q ceYZvi aviYv, cwigvc, cqvRbxqZv evewfwK D`vniYi gvag Dcvcb Kieb|
wewfb cwigvci ga cv_K D`vniYi gvag evLv Kieb|
fvj cwigvci Yvb evLv Ki Kw`q ceYZvi cwigvcjvi Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv Kieb|
wewfb D`vniYi mvnvh cwigvci DchvMxZv Dcvcb Kieb|
PZz_ Aavq
wevi, wevi cwigvci cqvRbxqZv, cwigvcmg~n eve D`vniYmn Dcvcb Kieb|

cwigvcmg~ni Yvb, mxgveZv BZvw` AvjvPbv Ki Kvb Kvb cwigvc DchvMx Zv AvjvPbv
Kieb|
cvVg DjwLZ m~/MvwYwZK mgmvejxi cgvbvw` mnRfve Dcvcb Kieb|
cg Aavq
ewgZv I m~PjZvi aviYv, wewfb cKvi cwiNvZ, ewgZv I m~PjZvi cwigvc mnRfve Dcvcb Kieb|
cv 26
e I Bvi cUi (box whisker plot) gvag Z_ Dcvcb, cuvP msLvi mvi I Gì gvag
Z_i ewk mK ge Kivi Dcvq AvjvPbv Kieb|
l Aavq
wPjK Z_, mskl, mnf`v I wbfiYi aviYv I cqvRbxqZv D`vniYi mvnvh evLv _vKe|
mnR mskli cwigvc AvjvPbv Ki eve Z_ _K Zv wbYq Ki `Lveb|
wec wPi gvag Z_ Dcvcb Ki mskl I wbfiY mK aviYv wbq wKfve Z_ mK ge
Kiv hvq Zv AvjvPbv Kieb|
mg Aavq
Kvjxb mvwii aviYv, Kvjxb mvwii cqvRbxqZv D`vniYmn evLv _vKe|

Kvjxb mvwii aviv wbYqi wewfb cwZ D`vniYmn AvjvPbv Kieb|
Ag Aavq
evsjv`k cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi wewfb Drm,cwimsLvbi kwYwebvm D`vniYi mvnvh AvjvPbv _vKe|
evsjv`k cKvwkZ cwimsLvbi mxgveZv I DrKlZv wKfve ew Kiv hvq Zv evLv Kieb|
evsjv`ki mekl Av`ggvix Abyhvqx cKvwkZ Z_ mshvRb KiZ ne|
c_g ci Rb mnvqK M:
Yale,G.U and M.G Kendall(1950)-An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics

Tukey,W. John(1977)- Exploratory Data Analysis Addison-Wesley.
Anderson,David, R Dennis J.Sweeney and Thomas A William(1981)-Introduction to
statistics.West Publishing Co. York
Levin,Jack and James A Fox(1997)-Elementary Statistics in Social Reaserch,Longman.
cv 27
wZxq c iPbvq jLKi Rb wb`kbv
wkvg welqvewj h gvbymvi `qv AvQ mfve Dcvcb Kieb|

cqvRb AwZwi AvjvPbv cwinvi Ki m~i cgvbvwì Dci Kg iZ w`q m~mg~n eenvi Ki mgmv
mgvavbi cwZ iZ wèb|
eB iPbvi eve Rxeb mwKZ D`vniY w`Z ne Ges AbykxjbxZ mB aibi mgmv mwbekb
Kiv cqvRb| Abykxjbxi c_gw`KKvi KqKwU mgmvi mgvavb Ki `Lveb|
jLK RwUjZv cwinvi Ki mnRfve Dcvcb Kieb Ges cqvMi cwZ ekx Rvi wèb|
wkLbdj ARbi DchvMx Ki welqe Dcvcb Kieb|
GQvovI KqKwU Aavqi Rb wekl wb`kbv wb Ìqv njv:
wZxq Aavqi mgvKjb AvjvPbvq

, ( + ) Ges
m~jv D`vniYi
gvag evLv Kieb|(m~i cwZcv`b cqvRb bB)
PZz_,cg I l Aavqi evbvjx Uvqj, wc`x webvm, cumv webvm I cwiwgZ webvmi g~j
ewkmg~n, Kvb Kvb webvm Dchy- D`vniYi mvnvh Dcvcb Kieb|
Ag Aavq bgybvR zwU I AbygvbvR zwUi Drm I Zv `~ixKiYi Dcvqmg~n wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kieb|
eve D`vniYi mvnvh mij è bgybvqbi cwZ AvjvPbv Kieb|
beg Aavqi wewfb AbycvZ I nvimgyn wbYqi evsjv`ki mvwZK I wbfihvM Dcv mgyn
eenvi Kieb|
jLK cvVcyK iPbvi Rb wbPi eBjvi mnhvwMZv wbZ cvib
Mendenhall, Beaver, Beaver and E. Ahmad(2009) Introduction of Probability

and statistics,Nelson
John E. Freund, Ronald E.Walpole Mathematical Statistics 4 th Edition
Hines W.W, D.C Montgomery,D. M. Goldsman, and C M. Borer. Probability

and Statistics in Engineering,
John.Wiley and Sons Inc.4th edition.(2003) . Newbold, Paul. "Statistics for
Business and Economics",. Prentice Hall, International Edition.
Lind, A. Douglas, William. G. Marchal and Samuel A. Wathen. "Statistical
Techniques in Business & Economics". McGRAW-Hill, International Edition.
cv 28
eenvwiKi Rb jLKì cwZ wb`kbv
msMnxZ Dcvi wewfb chvqi h_vh_ Dcvcb, mswKiY,wewfb ewki cwigvci gvb ei Kivmn
Dcvi AvKwZ I cKwZi weklYagx chvjvPbv I cwZe`b _vKe|
wewfb mgmvwfwK ckgvjv _vKe hvi wfwZ Z_-Dcv msMn Kiv hve|
cwimsLvb wZxq c bgybvqb Aavq bgybvR wfwK cR IqvKi D`vniY _vKZ ne| wkv_xMY Gi
mvnvh wbRiv cR IqvKi KvR GwMq wbq hZ cvi|
Exploratory data analysis Gi mv_ MZvbyMwZK Dcv weklYi Zzjbvg~jK chvjvPbv _vKZ
ne |
cv 29
jLKì Rb mvaviY wb`kbv

welqe Dcvcb (Content Presentation)
1. cvVcyK cYqbi mgq welqe mnR, evaMg I PwjZ fvlvq kwY DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| cwZwU Aavq
I welqei mv_ wcwiqW msLv wbavwiZ iqQ| m Abyhvqx `ZvwfwK wkLbdji AvjvK welqeK
Ggbfve myweb KiZ ne hvZ wcwiqW gvZveK Zv mb Kiv me nq|
2. cvVcyKi welqei fvlv cvj Ges mnReva nZ ne| G kwY-DchvwMKiYi wePvieva mPZb
nZ ne|
3. cvVcyK AavqwfwK Dcvcb KiZ ne| (cwZwU Aavq cqvRbxqmsLK wkv_xi Kgc Zwi KiZ
ne| Kgc nZ ne wkLbdj cwic~iY Ki Ggb KvR hv kwYZ mb Kiv me nq|)
4. cwZwU Aavq jLvi mgq wkLb i (eywewq- vb, Abyaveb, cqvM, I DPZi `Zv; AveMxq I
gbvcwkR ) cwZdjb welqeiga iqQ wKbv m mK jLKMYK me`v mPZb _vKZ ne|
5. jLvi aib Ggb nZ ne hvZ welqe Abyavebi ga w`q wkv_x gywhyi PZbv, ivxq Av`k I
mvgvwRK g~jeva mwKZ aviYv ARbi gvag gvbweK I bwZK g~jeva mb fwelZ bvMwiK wnme
Mo DVZ cvi|
6. RvwZ, ag, Mv, eY wbwekl KviI Abyf~wZZ AvNvZ jvMZ cvi Ggb Kvbv k ev evK eenvi Kiv hve
bv|
7. `ZvwfwK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe eYbv KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xi mRbkxjZvi weKvk me nq| bvU
wKsev MvBW eBqi vBj cqU wfwK (KviY, cfve, cwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cqvRbxqZv cfwZ)welqe Dcvcb
Kiv hve bv|
8. cwZwU Aavq kl AbykxjbxZ Kgc 1wU mRbkxj ck Ges vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv i
c~iY Ki Ggb wZb aibi ewbevPbx ck mshvRb KiZ ne|
9. Rvi mgZv iv Ki cvVe (Text Material) iwPZ ne|
10. wbfihvM Drm _K nvj bvMv` Z_-Dcv msMn Ki mswk cvV mshvwRZ ne|
11. Z, wewa, m~, wbqg-cwZ Dcvcbvi eve Rxebi NUbv DjL Ki wKsev Rxeb Nwb D`vniYi
mvnvh wjLZ ne|
evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)
12. evsjv GKvWgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY KiZ ne|
13. fvlv nZ ne mnR, cvj I kwY DchvMx|
Aavq wb`kbv (Chapter Instruction)
14. Aavqmg~ni wfb wfb wkivbvg iqQ| jLKMY Aavq wkivbvg DjL Ki welqe Dcvcb Kieb Ges
Aavq wkivbvg, aviYvmg~ni BsiwR cwZk eenvi KiZ ne|
15. m~wPc Aavqi AMZ cwZwU welq (hv wkvg DwjwLZ) cv bîmn DjL Kieb|
cvVcyK Dcvcb (Text Book Presentation)
16. cvVcyKi Kfvi cv mswk welqi fveavivi AvwK AvKlYxq cQ` eenvi KiZ ne|
17. Aavq bî 14, Aavq wkivbvg 24, nW wkivbvg 16, mvenW wkivbvg 14, welqe dU mvBR 13 webvm
Ai mvBR Ges jvBb m 1.2 AbymiY Ki cwZwU Aavq Dcvcb KiZ ne|
18. Aavqi welqei mv_ mswk Qwe/wP/mviwY/gvbwP BZvw` cvmwK, AvKlYxq I nZ ne|
19. cZK welqi 100 bîi ci Rb cv msLv 230-240 (Kg-ewk) Gi ga nZ ne|

Statistics XI XII

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RvZxq wkvg

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv

RvZxq wkvg 2012

3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWj

Aev weklY I Pvwn`v wbicY

welqwfwK wkvg cYqb

RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK

RvZxq wkvg 2012

4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqb

wkvgi iciLv cYqb

4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv

RvZxq wkvg 2012

4.2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiY cevn wP

DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)

RvZxq wkvg 2012

welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb

RvZxq wkvg 2012

wkvg Dbqb wewfb chvqi Kvhg

cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ

wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv wbaviY

wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiY

wkvgi iciLv cYqb

wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvq

3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci wbweo cwkY

wkvgi mvgwMKfve chvR Ask

4.2. RvZxq wkvg 2012 P~ov Abygv`b

RvZxq wkvg 2012

RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk

RvZxq wkvg 2012

mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welq

c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU|

kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW|

RvZxq wkvg 2012

RvZxq wkvg 2012

6.4 GKv`k-v`k kwYi welqKvVvgv (ay 2013-2014 wkveli Rb chvR)

7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvnwevb

mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y b^i ne 200|

RvZxq wkvg 2012

4. eemvq msMVb I eevcbv

RvZxq wkvg 2012

wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj

7.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi weeP welq

RvZxq wkvg 2012

8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)

gZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne-

wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkj

RvZxq wkvg 2012

ck-Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)

8.2.1 cki aib

`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ

RvZxq wkvg 2012

9.1.1 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm

RvZxq wkvg 2012

9.1.5 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bq

c`kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)

Abymvbg~jK KvRi aib

RvZxq wkvg 2012

12. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqv

mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv