BDwbU 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ w`K

[Different Aspects of Management of Education]

f~wgKv
wk¶vi ¸YMZ gv‡bi DrKl© mva‡bi c~e©kZ© nj wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœqb mvab
Kiv| gvbe mf¨Zvi ElvjMœ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AvR ch©šÍ gvbyl bvbv cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i Kvw•LZ
KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i Avm‡Q| KviY Avgiv Rvwb †h †Kvb KvRB Avcbv Avcwb nq bv, Zv
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ KvD‡K bv KvD‡K `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z nq Ges Zv m¤úbœKi‡Yi Rb¨ e¯‘MZ
m¤ú` I gvbexq m¤ú`‡K wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z nq| †Kvb KvRwU KLb, wKfv‡e Kv‡K w`‡q
myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv‡bv hv‡e Zvi Rb¨ †h mvgwMÖK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb I Z`vbymv‡i Kv‡R
jvwM‡q wVK mg‡q wVK KvRwU m¤úv`b cÖYvjx‡K Avgiv e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z cvwi|

†h †Kvb wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ myôy cwiPvjbv I Kvh©Ki ev¯Íevq‡b mej cÖkvmb I
e¨e¯’vcbv g~j PvwjKv kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖvß m¤ú`‡K mwVK
cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv I wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g h_vh_ e¨envi mywbwðZ K‡i j¶¨ AR©b
Kiv‡KB e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j| †gvÏv K_vq e¨e¯’vcbv‡K wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi AvU© Ges
†KŠkj ejv n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b mgMÖ we‡k¦ wk¶v‡¶‡Î wecyj cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v Kg©Kv‡ÐI bZzb bZzb a¨vb aviYv, Kjv-†KŠkj wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv
ms‡hvwRZ n‡”Q|

Avi Giƒc wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶vi cwigvY MZ
I ¸YMZ gvb DbœxZ Kiv| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbvi me©v‡c¶v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K
GKv‡WwgK e¨e¯’vcbv| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi GKv‡WwgK e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- cÖwZôv‡bi
†fŠZ my‡hvM myweav, wk¶K, wk¶v_©x, wk¶vµg, cvV¨m~wP, wk¶v DcKiY BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv
m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡gB myôz GKv‡WwgK e¨e¯’vcbv wbwðZ nq| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi e¯‘MZ
I gvbexq m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i wk¶vi DrKl© mvab Ki‡Z nq| e¨e¯’vcbvi
G KvRwU `¶Zvi m‡½ wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ †bZ…Z¡ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| ZvB GKRb `¶
e¨e¯’vcK `¶ †bZvI e‡U|

eZ©gvb BDwb‡U mvaviY e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv, cÖK…wZ, cwimi, cÖwµqv, wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv,
wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡, e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vewj, wk¶v cÖkvmb, wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi
g‡a¨ m¤úK©, cv_©K¨, evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv, wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvq
cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡, ¶gZv I f‚wgKv BZ¨vw` wel‡q wb‡gœi PviwU cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV- 2.1: e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv, cÖK…wZ, cwimi I cÖwµqv

cvV- 2.2: wk¶v I e¨e¯’vcbv: cÖkvm‡bi aviYv, m¤úK© I cv_©K¨
cvV- 2.3: evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv
cvV- 2.4: wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡, ¶gZv I f‚wgKv
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 2.1 e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv, cÖK…wZ, cwimi I cÖwµqv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ msÁv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZi avivevwnK weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi e¨vLv¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZ wee„Z Ki‡Z ci‡eb Ges

e¨e¯’vcbvi mgKvjxb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v K‡i Ab¨‡K eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv
c„w_exi mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ði †KvbwUB wb‡R wb‡R m¤úbœ nq bv| A_©vr †Kvb ms¯’vi/
cÖwZôv‡bi GgbwK K…wl Kv‡Ri Avï dj jv‡fi Rb¨ GKwU myôz c×wZi `iKvi nq| Avi
GB c×wZi cÖwZ avc m¤úbœKi‡Yi Rb¨ wKQy avivevwnK KvR Kivi GKwU e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z nq,
†hwU‡K Avgiv mnR K_vq e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z cvwi| aiv hvK Avcbv‡K mKvj 5Uvi evm
ai‡Z n‡e Ges Avcwb Avcbvi Kg©¯’†j 4/5 w`b _vK‡eb| Zrc~e© iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi c~‡e©
Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq me wKQy wVK wVK fv‡e ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖZz¨‡l webv evavq 5
Uvi ev‡m iIqvbv n‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc KvR †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †h †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb †hgb
cwievi, ¯‹zj, Kg©‡¶Î, D”PZi wk¶v cÖwZôvb, wPwKrmvjq, wkí-KviLvbv, e¨vsK, eo eo
RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK e¨emv-evwYR¨ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| gvby‡li
K‡gv©Ïg‡K mymsnZ K‡i D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ gvbyl I Roe¯‘ (m¤ú`) h_vh_ e¨e¯’vKi‡Yi
gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri/iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i Kj¨v‡Y wKQy Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡bB e¨e¯’vcbvi D™¢veb|
e¨e¯’vcbv wK? e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© we‡kÁMY wKiƒc aviYv †cvlY K‡ib Ges mgKv‡j GB
e¨e¯’vcbv c`wU Øviv wK eySv‡bv n‡”Q ‡m m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU msÁv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g aviYvMZ
w`K AviI ¯^”Q Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡”Q|

e¨e¯’vcbvi msÁv
e¨e¯’vcbv m¤^‡Ü cy‡ivcywi aviYv cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GZ`wel‡q wek¦weL¨vZ K‡qKRb
e¨e¯’vcbv we‡klÁ wewfbœ Avw½‡K wewfbœ cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq †h me e¨e¯’vcbvi K_v D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb Gi Ab¨Zg K‡qKRb KZ©…K cÖ`vbK…Z msÁv wb‡gœ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

G‡jb Gi g‡Z, ÒGKRb e¨e¯’vcK hv K‡ib ZvB e¨e¯’vcbvÕÕ| GwU‡K Bs‡iwR fvlvq
Gj G G‡jb
Giƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv hvq:

''Management is what a manager does".

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 22

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

†dqj e¨e¯’vcbv‡K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb, Òe¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q- c~e©vbygvb, cwiKíbv,

†nbix †dqj
msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, mgš^q mvab I wbqš¿Y|Ó

RR© I G‡c- e‡jb, ''Management consists of getting things done through

RR© I G‡c- others; a manager is a leader who accomplish objectives by directing the
efforts of others''.

msÁvwU‡K evsjv fvlvq fvev_© Ki‡j Giƒc nq ÔÔe¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q Aci †jv‡Ki cÖ‡Póvi
gva¨‡g KvR Kwi‡q †bIqv|ÕÕ

Zvui g‡Z ÔÔe¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q GKwU we‡kl cÖwµqv hv‡Z gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú`mg~n e¨env‡ii
RR© Avi Uix gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv, msMVb, cÖe„ËKiY, wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw`i
m¤úv`b Kiv nq|ÕÕ

Zuvi g‡Z, Òe¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q wm×všÍ MÖnY Ges ¯úófv‡e wbav©wiZ D‡Ïkmg~n AR©‡bi j‡¶¨
÷vbjx f¨vÝ gvbyl KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewji wbqš¿Y c×wZ gvÎ|ÕÕ

Dc‡i ewY©Z msÁv¸‡jvi gva¨‡g hv eySv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv nj †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi j¶¨
AR©‡bi wewfbœ Kjv-†KŠk‡j Rbkw³ I m¤ú`‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q ¯^íZg e¨‡q me©vwaK
`¶Zvi mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi j¶¨ nvwmj Kiv|

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ
e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv I msÁv welqK Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv Rvbjvg I eySjvg †h e¨e¯’vcbv
c`wU AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK| GKwU LvZv †mjvB †_‡K ïiæ K‡i gnvk~‡b¨ Mg‡bi Rb¨ i‡KU ˆZwi
I †cÖi‡Yi mKj av‡ci mKj Kg©Kv‡Ð e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mvgvwRK weÁvb welqK
GbmvB‡Kv¬‡cwWqv e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZi †h w`K¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i‡Q Zv nj:
mvgvwRK weÁvb
welqK (K) cÖwµqv/cÖYvjx/†KŠkj BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖYxZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv|
GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqvq
(L) Rbe‡ji cÖ‡Póvi dj
D‡j- wLZ e¨e¯’vcbvi
cÖK…wZ (M) mvgwóK Rbe‡ji K‡g©i cÖ‡Póv|

GQvov e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb cÖK…wZmg~n nj:

1. e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb Kvh©vewj nj- cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, mg¤^q I wbqš¿Y-G m‡ei
mg¤^q mvab|
2. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwZôvb RbKj¨v‡Yi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ|
3. e¨e¯’vcbv GKwU ˆeÁvwbK cÖwµqv|
4. e¨e¯’vcbv Giƒc GKwU †KŠkj hv‡Z mKj ai‡bi (Kg©KZ©v, `¶, Avav `¶ kªwgK)
Rbej‡K GK‡Î Kv‡R jvwM‡q j¶¨ AR©‡b cÖ‡Póv Kiv nq|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 23

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

5. e¨e¯’vcbvq bvbv ai‡bi DcKiY (g~jab, Rwg, hš¿cvwZ, hvbevnb Ges gvbe m¤ú`)
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq|
6. e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR D‡Ïk¨g~Lx|
7. e¨e¯’vcbv GKwU cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v hvi Øviv cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ mKj‡K wbqwš¿Z Kiv nq|

e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi
e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYvwU AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK| GB `„wó‡Kv‡Y e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi LyeB we¯Í…Z|
eZ©gvbKv‡j GKRb e¨e¯’vcK‡K bvbv ai‡bi Kvh© m¤úv`b I wb¯úwË Ki‡Z nq| D›gy³
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK W. G G Lvb e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi‡K PviwU e„nËi †¶‡Î wef³
K‡i‡Qb| †m¸‡jv nj:

1. Kv‡h©i wfwˇZ e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi|

2. †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi wfwˇZ e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi|
3. cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi wbwi‡L e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi|
4. ¯Íi ev c`ex †f‡` e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi|

GQvov e¨e¯’vcbvi Dc‡iv³ PviwU †kªwY cwim‡ii we‡kl we‡kl w`‡Ki Zvrch©c~Y©
Dcv`vb¸‡jv GLv‡b ewY©Z nj:

Kvh©wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbvi (1) e¨emv cÖwZôvb, wkí KviLvbv, wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv;
†kªYx (2) e¨e¯’vcKe„‡›`i Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
(3) kªwgK, Kgx©, Kg©Pvix I Kvh© e¨e¯’vcbv|

†KŠkj cÖ‡qvMwfwËK GB ai‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvi AvIZvfy³ Dcv`vb¸‡jv nj− bxwZ, Kg©m~wP, KwgwU, †K›`ªx I
e¨e¯’vcbvi cwimi we‡K›`ªxKiY cÖwµqv, `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ wefvRb, ev‡RU, wbqš¿Y, cwi`k©b BZ¨vw`|

¯ÍiwfwËK e¨e¯’vcbvi e¨emv, wkí, wk¶v I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq cÖavbZ D”P c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v, gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii
†kªYx wefvM I Zv‡`i Kg©KZ©v I wbgœ ch©v‡qi Kg©Pvix, `¶, Avav `¶ Kg©Pvwie„›` GB wZb †kªwYi gvbexq m¤ú`
cwimi e¨e¯’vcbvi cwim‡i AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q|

e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

e¨e¯’vcbv GKwU AvaywbK mvgvwRK Dbœqb Kg©KvÐg~jK cÖwµqv| cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P ch©vq ch©šÍ Gi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| wb‡P e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb cÖavb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:
(K) gbyl¨ mgv‡Ri mej w`K †hgb- mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, agx©q, ivR‰bwZK, e¨emvwqK,
mvs¯‹…wZK, Rb‡mevg~jK BZ¨vw`i wewfbœ ai‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv Acwinvh©|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 24

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

(L) G we‡k¦ †h cÖvK…wZK I gvbe m¤ú` i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv Kvh©Kifv‡e RbKj¨v‡Y e¨env‡ii
Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
(M) mKj ai‡bi cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©µg jvfRbKfv‡e cwiPvjbv I msi¶‡Yi Rb¨
e¨e¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb|
(N) GKwU aŸsm-gyLx cÖwZôvb‡K myôz e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g AwZ Aí mg‡q GKwU jvfRbK
cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
(O) GKwU wek„sLjvc~Y© ms¯’v e¨e¯’vcbv Øviv myk„sLwjZ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
(P) †`‡ki we‡kl K‡i m¤ú‡`i h‡_”Q e¨envi, `ª‡e¨i `y®úÖvc¨Zv, Awbqg, kªg Am‡šÍvl,
µgea©gvb †eKvi mgm¨v BZ¨vw` msKU wbim‡b e¨e¯’vcbv wRqbKvwV wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i _v‡K|
(Q) m‡e©vrK…ó e¨e¯’vcbv meai‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi jvMmB w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q mvgwMÖK
AMÖMwZi c_ myMg K‡i|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq e¨e¯’vcbv DbœZ, wbivc` I `ywðšÍvnxb Rxeb hvc‡bi GKwU gvbexq
cÖ‡Póv|

e¨e¯’vcbv bxwZgvjv
gvbe mgv‡Ri †h †Kvb KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡j GK¸”Q avivevwnK/ch©vqµwgK Kvh©
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq| Gme Kvh© m¤úv`b hLb µwUwenxb I mK‡ji wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡q D‡V
ZLb Avgiv G‡`i‡K bxwZ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _vwK| e¨emv, wkí KviLvbv, wk¶v cÖwZôvb
wbwe©‡Nœ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ KZK¸‡jv me©Rb M„nxZ bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| AvaywbK
e¨e¯’vcbv we‡klÁ †nbwi d‡qj (Henry Fayol) e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh© myôzfv‡e m¤úbœKi‡Yi
Rb¨ 14wU bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Zvi GB bxwZ¸‡jv nj:

(1) Kg© wefvRb, (2) KZ…©Z¡ I `vwqZ¡, (3) wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, (4) Av‡`‡ki HK¨, (5)
†nbwi d‡qj Gi
wb‡`©kbvi HK¨, (6) mK‡ji ¯^v‡_© e¨w³i ¯^v_© eR©b, (7) cvwikªwgK, (8) †K›`ªxKiY, (9)
e¨e¯’vcbv bxwZ †Rvov-gB-wmKj (Scalar Chain), (10) k„sLjv, (11) mgZv, (12) PvKzwii `vwqZ¡, (13)
D‡`¨vM I (14) mn‡hvwMZvi c~Y© g‡bvfve|

G¸‡jv AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvq AvRI e¨eüZ n‡”Q|

e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ (Process of Management):

e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgwMÖK Kvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †nbwi d‡qj cvuPwU, †Wwfm wZbwU (cwiKíbv,
msMVb, wbqš¿Y), †Wv‡bj cvuPwU, †hgb- cwiKíbv, msMVb, Kg©xms¯’vb, wb‡`©kbv I wbqš¿Y
Ges jy_vi M¨vwjK e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Bs‡iwR Avw` A¶i w`‡q PODSCORB bv‡g
GKwU kã ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| jy_vi M¨vwj‡Ki g‡Z †h KvR¸‡jv e¨e¯’vcbvq Ki‡Z nq Zv nj:

1. cwiKíbv (Planning) = P

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 25

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2. msMVb (Organizing) = O
3. wb‡`©kbv (Directing) = D
4. Kg©xms¯’vb (Staffing) = S
5. mgš^q mvab (Coordinating) = CO
6. wi‡cvwU©s (Reporting) = R
7. ev‡RU cÖYqb (Budgeting) = B

mgKv‡ji e¨e¯’vcbv we‡klÁMY Dc‡iv³ Kvh©¸‡jv AviI cwikxwjZ K‡i e¨e¯’vcbvi

Kvh©‡K wb‡¤§v³ †kªYx‡Z wefvRb K‡i‡Qb-

(1) cwiKíbv (2) msMVb (3) Kg©xms¯’vb (4) wb‡`©kbv (5) mgš^q mvab (6) †cÖlYv I
wbqš¿Y|

Dc‡iv³ Kvh©¸‡jvi msw¶ß cwiwPwZ Avgiv wØZxq cv‡V Rvbe Ges eZ©gvb cv‡V G‡`i
wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL Kiv nj gvÎ|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 26

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.1

A) msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. e¨e¯’vcbvi DrcwË wKfv‡e N‡U?

2. e¨e¯’vcbv c`wU e¨vL¨v Kiæb?
3. e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
4. †nbwi d‡q‡ji e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z wK eywS‡q‡Qb?
5. e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ wK wK?
6. e¨e¯’vcbvi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ †KvbwU?
7. e¨e¯’vcbvi cwim‡ii †kªwY wefvM wK wK?
8. e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZgvjv KqwU I wK wK?
9. e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖwµqv wK wK?

Av) eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. e¨e¯’vcbv wK? e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ I cwimi wee„Z Kiæb|

2. e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡, bxwZ I Kvh©vw` Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 27

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 2.2 wk¶v I e¨e¯’vcbv: cÖkvm‡bi aviYv, m¤úK© I cv_©K¨

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶v cÖkvm‡bi aviYv eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

wk¶v cÖkvmb I wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi m¤úK© wee„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wk¶v cÖkvmb I wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wk¶v cÖkvmb I wk¶v e¨e¯’vi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z mg‡MvÎxq wk¶v cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni cwiwPwZ
ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv
e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYvwU D™¢e n‡q‡Q e¨emvqx †Mvôxi ¯^ ¯^ e¨emv cwiPvjbv c×wZ †_‡K| A_©vr
e¨emv I wkí KviLvbv cwiPvjbv †_‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi Avwef©ve| cieZx©‡Z GwU‡K wk¶v Kv‡h©
cÖ‡qvM K‡i mydj jv‡fi ci eZ©gv‡b wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvqI e¨emvi gZ gvbexq I e¯ÍMZ
m¤ú` GB `yBwU Dcv`v‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡”Q|

wk¶v welqK Òe¨e¯’vcbvÕÕ djcÖm~ Ávb AR©‡bi GKwU c„_K kvLv wn‡m‡e D™¢veb AwZ
m¤úÖwZKv‡ji| GKwesk kZvãxi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvi wk¶vwe`MY
e¨emv cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi mvdj¨ I AMÖMwZi a¨vb-aviYv, Kjv-†KŠkj, bxwZgvjv‡K
wk¶v †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvMKi‡Y mKj‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib Ges gvwK©b gyjøy‡K wk¶vq Zv cÖPjb
K‡ib|

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q QvÎ, wk¶K, wk¶v mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix BZ¨vw` gvbexq
wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv wK?
Dcv`vb Ges wewìs, hš¿cvwZ I Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘MZ m¤ú` Kvh©Ki e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g cÖYxZ j¶¨
I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv| AvšÍR©vwZK GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv Ae nvqvi GWz‡Kkb
e¨e¯’vcbvi †h msÁv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Zv nj,

Ò¯^íZg m¤ú‡`i mvnv‡h¨ m‡ev©Ëg djvdj cÖvwßi j‡¶¨ msMV‡bi mvg_©‡K K‡g© DÏxß I
mymgw¤^Z Kiv‡K wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|ÕÕ

GwU‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j `vovq−

Management may be defined the process of activating and integrating the

capacities of an enterprise to attain optimun results with a minimum
expenditure of resources.

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 28

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv nj wk¶v Kg©Kv‡Ði Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ cÖvß e¯‘MZ I gvbexq m¤ú` Kvh©Ki
cÖYvjx‡Z e¨envi K‡i RvZxq wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wbw`©ó mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ AR©b wbwðZ
Kiv| mnR fvlvq ejv hvq wba©vwiZ mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨
wk¶vi mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ †h †KŠkj Aejw¤^Z nq Zv‡KB wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv
ejv hvq|

Dc‡i ewY©Z msÁv †_‡K Avgiv hv eySjvg I Rvbjvg Zv nj- wk¶v Lv‡Z eivÏK…Z e¯‘MZ
I gvbexq m¤ú` mywbw`©ó c×wZ‡Z e¨envi K‡i RvZxq wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv‡K
wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv eySvq|

A‡b‡K cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv c` `yBwU‡K mgv_©K wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib| g~jZ Kv‡h©i w`K
wk¶v cÖkvmb wK? w`‡q G‡`i g‡a¨ wKQy cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Í‡e iƒc `v‡bi Rb¨ mwVK
†h Kvh©µg Zv‡KB wk¶v cÖkvmb ejv hvq| weL¨vZ wk¶vwe` Drucker e‡jb−

e¨e¯’vcbv mvaviYZ bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i, wKš‘ Kvh©m¤úv`b K‡i bv| wZwb cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv
m¤ú©‡K e‡jb,

''The management's function is mainly a policy making function,

management does not do things. It decides what should be done''.

D³ e³e¨‡K wZwb cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vc‡Ki `vwq‡Z¡i cUf‚wg‡Z wbgœiƒ‡c e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb−

''The managers’ job therefore is to frame policies and planning functions,

while the administrator implements the policies and plans the programme.
The purpose of educational administration is to enable the right pupils to
receive right education from the right teachers at a cost within the means of
the state, under conditions which will enable the pupils to profit from their
training.

wk¶v cÖkvmb welqK Dc‡iv³ msÁvwU‡K evsjv fvlvq Abyev` Ki‡j Giƒc `vovq−

Ôwk¶v cÖkvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ nj ivóªxq Avw_©K mvg‡_©i AvIZvq GKRb wk¶v_x©‡K Dchy³ wk¶v
cwi‡ek cÖ`vb Ges `¶ wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b wk¶v MÖn‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i wk¶v_x©i mvwe©K
weKvk NwU‡q m‡ev©Ëg dj jv‡fi my‡hvM `vb Õ|

MYZvwš¿K wk¶v cÖkvmb‡K cwðgv‡`‡ki wk¶vwe`MY wbæiƒ‡c wee„Z K‡i‡Qb,

“The purpose of educational administration is to enable the right pupils to

receive right education from the right teachers at a cost within the means of
the state, under conditions which will enable the pupils to profit from their
training.”

Dc‡iv³ wk¶v cÖkvmb m¤^Üxq Dw³wU‡K evsjv fvlvq wbgœiƒ‡c fvevšÍi Kiv hvq:

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 29

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†`‡ki/iv‡óª Avw_©K mvg‡_©i AvIZvq Dchy³ wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K GKwU
Dchy³ wk¶v jv‡fi cwi‡e‡k wk¶v MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡Z †m wk¶vi gva¨‡g
Rxe‡bi m‡e©vËg dj jvf Ki‡Z mg_© nq|

wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv m¤^Üxq Ávb I `¶Zv cÖwZôvb cÖavb‡K wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv I
e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvq AwfÁ GKRb
wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb wb‡gœewY©Z †¶‡Î Zuvi Ávb, `¶Zv, cÖÁv I `xN© w`‡bi wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv
I cÖkvmb m¤^Üxq AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvwM‡q mdjKvg n‡Z cv‡ib|

1| cwiKíbv cªYqb;
e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb
cÖavb †¶Î 2| Kvh©µg cÖYqb;
3| Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb;
4| wm×všÍ MÖnY;
5| Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv g~j¨vqb;
6| mgm¨v wPwýZKiY I mgvav‡bi c×wZ D™¢veb I cÖ‡qvM;
7| cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡bi Kvh©µg cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb;
8| Rbms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY|

GQvov wk¶v‡¶‡Î DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z n‡j Avi †h †h w`‡K wk¶v e¨e¯’vcK‡K IqvwKenvj
n‡Z nq Zvi cÖavb K‡qKwU GLv‡b Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj:

K. wk¶vi Dbœqb myôz I ewjô wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi Dci mivmwi wbf©ikxj| GKwU wk¶v
cÖwZôvb my›`i `vjvb †KvVv, DËg wk¶K, chv©ß DcKiY _vKv m‡Ë¡I †`Lv hvq `¶
wk¶v e¨e¯’vc‡Ki Afv‡e Avkvbyiƒc DbœwZ m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|
L. wek¦e¨vcx Ávb weÁv‡bi cÖmv‡ii m‡½ mvgvwRK Kg©avivi AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi Ges
`„wófw•LMiI Avg‚j cwieZ©b NU‡Q Ges Gi cÖfve wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b mivmwi co‡Q| d‡j
wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvqI cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡”Q|
M. evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U bvbv †¶‡Î †hgb QvÎ ivRbxwZ, mš¿vm,
†mkbRU, cix¶vq bKj BZ¨vw` mgm¨v¸‡jv‡Z wk¶v½b AvµvšÍ n‡”Q| Gme mgm¨vi
gy‡LvgywL nIqvi Rb¨ AvR `iKvi n‡q c‡o‡Q Kvh©Ki, MYZvwš¿K I ewjô e¨e¯’vcbv
c×wZi| KviY Avgv‡`i wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡Z
n‡e wk¶v_©x, wk¶K, wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi g½j mvab I Dbœqb|
N. wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h me AvBb, Kvbyb, wbqgbxwZ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv
Avgv‡`i mKj‡K AbymiY, mdj cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡b e¨e¯’vcbv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z
n‡e|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 30

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi mvaviY Kvh©vewj

†h †Kvb wk¶v cÖwZôvb mwVK ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡gB me©vwaK Kvh© m¤úv`b
e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vewj Ki‡Z cv‡i ev Kiv m¤¢e nq| wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©µg KZK¸‡jv Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ n‡q
_v‡K| wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv we‡klÁMY e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖwµqv‡K wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wewfbœ bv‡g
wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb wk¶vwe` wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi Kvh©vewj‡K, (K) cwiKíbv
(L) msMVb (M) wb‡`©kbv I (N) wbqš¿Y GB PviwUi g‡a¨ mxgve× †i‡L‡Qb|

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx (bv‡qg) wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vewj (1)
cwiKíbv, (2) msMVb, (3) cwiPvjbv, (4) ZË¡veavb Ges (5) g~j¨vqb GB cvuPwUi g‡a¨
mxgve× †i‡L‡Q| wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi cÖavb cÖavb Kvh©vewji msw¶ß cwiwPwZ wb‡æ
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

1. cwiKíbv: cwiKíbv Qvov †Kvb KvR myôzfv‡e wba©vwiZ mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ ev¯Íevqb/
m¤úv`b Kiv e¨vnZ nq| mKj ai‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cwiKíbv Acwinvh©| GKRb
my`¶ e¨e¯’vcK h_vmg‡q mwVKfv‡e Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©
cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i _v‡Kb| `¶ e¨e¯’vcK Kvh© cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b mnKg©x,
GZ`wel‡q `¶ I AwfÁ Kg© Kzkjx‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i cwiKíbv P~ovšÍ K‡i _v‡Kb|
2. msMVb: cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ mKj ¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©v I Kg©x‡`i‡K cÖwk¶Y, `vwqZ¡
eÈb BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Zvu‡`i Drmvn DÏxcbv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g msMwVZ K‡i h_vh_
KvRwU m¤úv`‡bi h_v_© †hvM¨ Kgx©‡K mbv³ K‡i `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMvb (e¯‘MZ I gvbexq) ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv Ges m‡½ m‡½ Zv‡`i Kvh©
cixwe¶Y Kiv|
3. wb‡`©kbv: e¨e¯’vcK Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ Av`vq K‡i †bIqvi Rb¨ bvbv cÖKvi gwbUwis cÖwµqv
D™¢veb K‡i wVK mg‡q wVK KvRwU wbLuyZfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki DcvqwU
e¨env‡ii wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb| huviv G KvRwU wVK mg‡q Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K Aby‡cÖiYv †`‡eb,
Avi huviv Kg AvMÖnx Zuv‡`i‡K civgk© I Drmvn w`‡q KvR m¤úbœ Kwi‡q †b‡eb|
4. wbqš¿Y: e¨e¯’vcbvi mKj `vwqZ¡ †hgb e¨e¯’vc‡Ki †Zgwb mvwe©K wbqš¿YI Zv‡KB
Ki‡Z nq| wbqš¿Y KvR mylgfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ wZwb `vwqZ¡ eÈb K‡i †`Iqvi m‡½ m‡½
¶gZv I cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq `vwqZ¡ eÈb, ¶gZv BZ¨vw`
†`Iqv nj, wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMvb h_vmg‡q †`Iqv bv n‡j wbqš¿Y Kvh©µg wewNœZ nq|
5. g~j¨vqb: cwiKíbvq DwjøwLZ j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨gvÎvi m‡½ AwR©Z/m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri
Zzjbv K‡i mvd‡j¨i gvÎv wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ Ges cieZ©x Kvh©µg cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi
j‡¶¨ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq| G Qvov Giƒc g~j¨vq‡b e¨e¯’vcKmn me ch©v‡q Kg©KZ©v I
Kg©xi m¤úvw`Z Kv‡RiI g~j¨vqb n‡q hvq| †m Kvi‡Y g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©vewji
GKwU Acwinvh© A½| eZ©gv‡b wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©µ‡gi m‡½ Zvi cieZx©/fwel¨r
Kvh© cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ GKwU wbiwew”Qbœ avivevwnKZv i¶vK‡í I e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevqb KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡q‡Q †m m¤ú©‡K Z_¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb Kivi `iKvi nq|
†m Kvi‡Y mgKvjxb e¨e¯’vcKe„›` g~j¨vqb‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU Acwinvh© Kvh© wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kivi Rb¨ AwfgZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 31

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wK?

†h †Kvb cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ †Kvb bv †Kvb w`K w`‡q GKwU wbweo m¤úK© Lyu‡R
cvIqv hvq| cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi m¤úK© AwZ ms‡¶‡c GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:

1. e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i Avi cÖkvmb cÖYxZ bxwZ ev¯Íevqb K‡i
_v‡K|
2. e¨e¯’vcbvq cwiKíbv, mgš^q mvab, †cÖlYv I wbqš¿Y Gme wbev©nx KvR AšÍf©y³ _v‡K|
Avi cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Rbej I e¯‘MZ
m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb cÖ`v‡bi mKj KvR avivevwnKfv‡e cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i|
3. Awjfvi †kjWb e‡jb, Ô†Kvb Kv‡h©i D‡Ïk¨, bxwZ, msÁv, wb‡`©kbv BZ¨vw` wbav©iY
m¤^Üxq Kvh©µg nj cÖkvmb Ges Dc‡i ewY©Z Kvh©µg‡K ev¯Íevqb K‡i j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨
AR©‡bi Kvh©vewj nj e¨e¯’vcbvÕ|

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K eySv hv‡”Q cÖkvmb D‡Ïk¨, D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ bxwZ Ges bxwZ
Kv‡h© iƒc`v‡bi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv wbav©iY K‡i _v‡K Ges cÖYxZ bxwZ, Kvh©cwiKíbv
Abymv‡i ev¯Íevqb Kiv nj e¨e¯’vcbv| AZGe Avgiv Rvbjvg I eySjvg cÖkvm‡bi cwiwa I
KvR e¨e¯’vcbvi Dc‡i| cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi m¤úK© wel‡q ejv hvq msMVb n‡”Q nvZ,
e¨e¯’vcbv P¶z Ges cÖkvmb n‡”Q gw¯Í®‹|

wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi cv_©K¨

Avgiv BwZc~‡e© cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Gevi Avgiv cÖkvmb I
e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †Kvb w`K w`‡q cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Kie|

1. e¨e¯’vcbv wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb PvwjKv kw³, KviY GwU D‡Ïk¨ wbiƒcY K‡i Zv
AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i| Avi wk¶v cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vcbv KZ…©K cÖYxZ Ges
M„nxZ bxwZgvjv I cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i|
2. e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb KvR bxwZ cÖYqb Avi cÖkvm‡bi KvR nj cÖYxZ bxwZ ev¯Íevqb Kiv|
3. cÖkvm‡bi mKj ¯Í‡i Kg †ewk cÖkvmwbK I e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR Ki‡Z nq|
4. e¨e¯’vcbvi wbqwgZ welqvw` myivnvKi‡Y wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| †m Kvi‡Y wm×všÍ
MÖnY‡K cÖkvmwbK Kg©c×wZi †K›`ªwe›`y ejv n‡q _v‡K|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 32

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.2

A) msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv wee„Z Kiæb|

2. e¨e¯’vcbv wK?
3. DËg e¨e¯’vcbvi j¶¨ wK wK?
4. wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv wK?
5. wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ wK?
6. wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖavb Dcv`vb¸‡jvi msw¶ß cwiPq w`b|
7. wk¶v cÖkvmb wK?

Av) eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|

2. wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vewji wek` eY©bv w`b|
3. wk¶v cÖkvmb I wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi m¤úK© I cv_©K¨ c„_K c„_Kfv‡e Av‡jvPbv
Kiæb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 33

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 2.3 evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi †kªwY wefvM wee„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefvM m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi wk¶v wefv‡Mi Aaxb¯’ mKj cÖKvi cÖwZôv‡bi msw¶ß weeiY w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’vi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv

wk¶v e¨e¯’v GKwU RvwZi Avkv AvKv•Lv iƒcvq‡bi I fwel¨r mgvR wbg©v‡Yi nvwZqvi|
†`‡ki fwel¨r †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi Rb¨ mybvMwiK ˆZwi‡Z Ges mvgv‡Ri cÖMwZ Avbq‡bi †¶‡Î
wk¶vi f‚wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`k wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi kx‡l© i‡q‡Q wk¶v
gš¿Yvjq| myôz wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ mgMÖ wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K (1) cÖv_wgK I
MYwk¶v Ges (2) gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v GB `yBwU cÖavb wefv‡M wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefv‡Mi cÖkvmwbK I e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgwMÖK `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q wk¶v
cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefvM| gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi
†kªYx wefvM Dci b¨¯Í i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ wk¶v¯Íi g~jZ wZbwU ¯Í‡i wef³:

(K) cÖv_wgK ¯Íi: cÖv_wgK wk¶v ¯Í‡ii wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K cÖkvmwbK I e¨e¯’vcbvi
wfwˇZ wb‡gœv³ †kªwY‡Z wefvRb Kiv hvq| †hgb, miKvwi- †emiKvwi, GbwRI cwiPvwjZ
¯‹zj, wKÛviMv‡U©b ¯‹zj BZ¨vw`|

(L) gva¨wgK ¯Íi: †`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K wZbwU Dc e¨e¯’vq (Sub System)
wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q- (K) mvaviY wk¶v Dc-e¨e¯’v (L) gv`ªvmv wk¶v Dc e¨e¯’v I (M)
KvwiMwi wk¶v Dc e¨e¯’v| mvaviY wk¶v Dc e¨e¯’vi gva¨wgK ¯Íi‡K (1) wbgœ gva¨wgK, (2)
gva¨wgK I (3) D”P gva¨wgK- GB wZb Dc ¯Í‡i wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(M) D”P wk¶v ¯Íi: wek¦we`¨vjq I we‡klvqb wk¶v|

cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefvM: GB wefv‡Mi Aaxb i‡q‡Q cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi Avi GB
cÖv_wgK wk¶v e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbvi I cÖkvmwbK `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ cÖv_wgK wk¶v
Awa`߇ii AvIZvq wefvM, †Rjv, _vbv Awdmmg~n Ges mKj cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq|
GQvov AviI i‡q‡Q gqgbwmsn¯’ RvZxq cÖv_wgK wk¶v GKv‡Wgx Ges cÖvBgvix †Uªwbs
Bbw÷wUDUmg~n| †`‡ki MYwk¶v cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q MYwk¶v Awa`ßi|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 34

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wk¶v gš¿Yvjq: (K) gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi †`‡ki mKj gva¨wgK
(miKvwi I †emiKvwi gva¨wgK ¯‹zj) D”P gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v m¤^Üxq K‡jRmg~n
Ges gv`ªvmv wk¶v cÖwZôvbmg~n cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|

(L) wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb AviI i‡q‡Q KvwiMwi wk¶v Awa`ßi| GB Awa`߇ii
AvIZvq i‡q‡Q e„wËg~jK wk¶v cÖwZôvbmg~n, cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUDU¸‡jv, Møvm I
wmivwgK wk¶v cÖwZôvb, †U·UvBj K‡jR, †j`vi †UK‡bvjwR K‡jR Ges KvwiMwi
wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡jR I KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©|

(M) wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q wek¦we`¨vjq gÄyix
Kwgkb, wek¦we`¨vjqmg~n|

wb‡gœ wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv Zz‡j aiv nj:

wk¶v gš¿Yvjq

cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wk¶v wefvM

wcwUAvB cÖv_wgK RvZxq eva¨Zvg~jK MYwk¶v RvZxq KvwiMwi wek¦we`¨vjq gva¨wgK I

wk¶v cÖv_wgK wk¶v wk¶v wk¶v gÄyix D”P wk¶v
Awa`ßi wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv Awa`ßi Kwgkb Awa`ßi
GKv‡Wgx GKv‡Wgx
(bv‡qg)
wefvMxq
wefvMxq
Kvh©vjq
Kvh©vjq

e¨vb‡eBR AwWU Ges gva¨wgK RvZxq d¨vwmwjwUR D”P

†Rjv
†Rjv B݇cKkb I D”P wk¶vµg Awa`ßi gva¨wgK
Awa`ßi gva¨wgK I wk¶K gva¨wgK
wk¶v †evW© cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖwk¶Y
_vbv we`¨vjq I
†evW© Bbw÷wUDU gv`ªvmv
cÖv_wgK

evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’v mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv (Drm: bv‡qg)|

wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi m‡½ mswkøó cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni cwiwPwZ

wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`߇ii ZË¡veav‡b ¯^Zš¿fv‡e KZK¸‡jv
wk¶v mswkøó cÖwZôvb cwiPvwjZ nq| Z‡e G‡`i †Kvb †KvbwUi Avw_©K I cÖkvmwbK w`K
Awa`ßi wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| Avevi KZ¸‡jv mivmwi wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K|
wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g G‡`i mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv †`Iqv nj:

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 35

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wk¶v gš¿Yvjq

RvZxq e¨vb‡eBR AwWU Ges gva¨wgK I gva¨wgK RvZxq D”P ga¨wgK d¨vwmwjwUR
wk¶v B݇cKkb D”P wk¶v I D”P wk¶vµg wk¶K `ßi
e¨e¯’vcbv `ßi Awa`ßi gva¨wgK I cÖwk¶Y
GKv‡Wgx wk¶v cvV¨cy¯ÍK Bbw÷wUDU
(bv‡qg) †evW© †evW©

gva¨wgK ¯‹zj K‡jR

I †Rjv wk¶v (miKvwi I †emiKvwi)
Awdm

wk¶v gš¿Yvjq
K‡jR wk¶v cÖkvm‡bi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi m‡e©v”P av‡c i‡q‡Q wk¶v gš¿Yvjq| wk¶v gš¿x
Gi cÖavb| Z‡e A_© msµvšÍ welqmg~‡ni wbev©nx cÖavb (g~L¨ wnmve i¶Y Kg©KZ©v)
gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe| GKRb AwZwi³ mwPe, wZbRb hyMœ mwPe, K‡qKRb Dc-mwPe I
K‡qKRb Ea©Zb mnKvix mwPe/mnKvix mwPe Ges Ab¨vb¨ mnvqZv`vbKvix Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix
wk¶v gš¿x I wk¶v mwPe‡K Zuv‡`i wbev©nx `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b mnvqZv K‡ib| wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi
GK GKRb Ea©Zb mnKvix/mnKvix mwPe GK GKwU we‡kl †¶‡Îi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
†Kvb †Kvb we‡kl welq Qvov mvaviYZ EaŸ©Zb mnKvix/mnKvix mwPe ch©vq †_‡K
gš¿Yvj‡qi Kvh© m~wPZ nq| we‡kl wel‡qi †¶‡Î gš¿x/mwP‡ei wb‡`©‡k D”PZi ch©vq †_‡KI
Kvh© m~wPZ n‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v gš¿x ch©šÍ †h †Kvb Dchy³ ch©v‡q wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡Z cv‡i|

mg¯Í bxwZ welqK wm×všÍ gš¿Yvjq ch©v‡q M„nxZ nq| Ab¨vb¨ wm×všÍmg~n hv AvBb ms¯’v
KZ©„K wba©vwiZ iƒc‡iLvq ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e ZvI wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K M„nxZ n‡q _v‡K| wk¶v
gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ mswkøó i‡q‡Q GKwU cwiKíbv‡Kvl| GKRb cwiKíbv cÖav‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡
K‡qKRb Dc-cÖavb, mnKvix cÖavb I M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v G¨vUvPW ms¯’vmg~n KZ©„K gš¿Yvj‡q
†ckK…Z †cÖv‡R±/¯‹xgmg~‡ni `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq I cwiKíbv
Kwgk‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡ib|

gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi

K‡jR wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ mswkøó gš¿Yvj‡qi jvBb msMVbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ gva¨wgK I D”P
wk¶v Awa`ßi n‡jv e„nËi wbev©nx msMVb| gnvcwiPvjK n‡jb GB Awa`߇ii cÖavb|
PviRb cwiPvjK, K‡qKRb Dc-cwiPvjK, mnKvix cwiPvjK, wk¶v Kg©KZ©v I Ab¨vb¨
mnvqZv`vbKvix Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix Zvu‡K cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi Kv‡R mnvqZv K‡ib| GB
Awa`߇ii KvR n†jv miKvwi gva¨wgK ¯‹zj, K‡jR I gv`ªvmvmg~n cwiPvjbv Kiv| GQvovI
G Awa`ßi †emiKvwi gva¨wgK ¯‹zj, K‡jR I gv`ªvmvmg~n‡K wewea cÖKvi gÄyixmn Zv‡`i

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 36

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wk¶K Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb I Aby`vb cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Awa`ßi gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K M„nxZ bxwZ
I cÖ`Ë iƒc‡iLv Abymv‡i ¯^xq `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| GQvov gva¨wgK I D”Pwk¶v msµvšÍ
Dbœqb cÖKíI GB Awa`ßi ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, miKvwi
K‡jRmg~n gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`߇ii mivmwi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K Ges †emiKvwi
K‡jR¸‡jv‡K K‡qKwU †¶‡Î GB Awa`߇ii wbhš¿Y †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| wbev©wPZ Mfwb©s ewW-
Gi gva¨‡g †emiKvwi K‡jRmg~n cwiPvwjZ nq|

gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v †evW©

K‡jR cwiPvjbvq gva¨wgK wk¶v †ev‡W©i Ae¯’vb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| D”P gva¨wgK †kªwYi mKj
cÖKvi wk¶v msµvšÍ Kg©KvÐ †ev‡W©i wbqš¿Yvax‡b cwiPvwjZ nq| †evW© cix¶v MÖnY K‡i,
mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb K‡i, †emiKvwi K‡j‡Ri cwiPvjbv cwil` MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqgvewj
ˆZwi K‡i Ges †m¸‡jvi myô ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K| †Pqvig¨vb wk¶v †ev‡W©i cÖavb wbev©nx|

RvZxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx (bv‡qg)

wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii (gva¨wgK, D”P gva¨wgK/K‡jR, gv`ªvmv, cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUDU)

miKvwi/†emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb‡`i wk¶v cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv wel‡q ¯^íKvjxb
cÖwk¶Y cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v cÖkvmK/e¨e¯’vcK‡`i `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv`vb GB
GKv‡Wgxi cÖavb `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| GQvov GB GKv‡Wgx‡Z wewmGm (wk¶v) Kg©KZ©v‡`i
eywbqv`x cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wk¶v welqK wewfbœ †¶‡Î M‡elYv cwiPvjbv GB
GKv‡Wgxi Ab¨Zg Avi GKwU `vwqZ¡| gnvcwiPvjK GB GKv‡Wgxi cÖavb| Zvu‡K mnvqZv
K‡ib cwiPvjK, Dc-cwiPvjK, mnKvix cwiPvjK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©ve„›`|

D”P gva¨wgK wk¶K cÖwk¶Y BbwówUDU (GBPGm wUwUAvB)

K‡j‡Ri wewfbœ wel‡qi wk¶K‡`i wk¶vµg e¨e¯’vcbvi Dci ¯^íKvjxb cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb
bv‡qg Gi (mv‡eK wb‡qqvi) `vwqZ¡ wQj| wKš‘ D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v cÖKí m„wói ci GB
`vwqZ¡ GBPGmwUwUAvB Gi Dci eZ©vq| D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v cÖK‡íi Aax‡b cvuPwU
GBPGmwUwUAvB m„wói gva¨‡g GB cÖwk¶Y Kvh© cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| cwiPvjK
GBPGmwUwUAvB-Gi cÖavb|

RvZxq wk¶vµg I †U·UeyK †evW© (GbwmwUwe)

GwU wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ckvMZ ms¯’v| GB cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb KvR n‡jv cÖ_g
†kªwY †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY ch©šÍ hveZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖYqb Kiv| GB ms¯’v cÖ‡qvRbxq
cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb K‡i wbe©vwPZ G‡RwÝi gva¨‡g Zv †`‡ki me©Î †cuŠQv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡i|
†Pqvig¨vb n‡jb GbwmwUweÕi cÖavb| wZbRb m`‡m¨i gva¨‡g wZwb Zvui mKj Kg©KvÐ wbev©n
K‡ib| D”P gva¨wgK †kªwYi wewfbœ cvV¨cy¯ÍK GB ms¯’v KZ…©K cÖYxZ I cÖKvwkZ nq|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 37

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†dwmwjwUR Awa`ßi
GwU GKwU cÖ‡KŠkj ms¯’v| wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi AvIZvaxb mKj cÖKvi c~Z© Kvh© m¤úv`b Ges
wewfbœ febmg~‡ni i¶Yv‡e¶Y Gi cÖavb KvR| GKRb cÖavb cÖ‡KŠkjx K‡qKwU AÂwjK
Kvh©vj‡qi gva¨‡g wk¶v Awa`ßivaxb mKj Kvh©vjq I wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi feb wbg©vY I
i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡i _v‡Kb| miKvwi Aby`v‡b wbwg©Ze¨ †emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi febvw`I
GB Awa`ßi KZ©„K wbwg©Z nq|

evsjv‡`k wk¶v, Z_¨ I cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (e¨vb‡eBR)

GB ms¯’vi cÖavb KvR n‡jv wk¶v m¤^Üxq wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv Ges wk¶v gš¿Yvjqmn
Ab¨vb¨ G‡RÝx‡K mieivn Kiv| wk¶v cwiKíbv, cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvq G mKj Z_¨
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b GB ms¯’v †`‡ki Gg.wc.I-fz³ wk¶v cÖwZôvb
I wk¶K‡`i miKvwi †eZb Aby`vb weZi‡Y we‡kl f‚wgKv ivL‡Q| cwiPvjK Gi cÖavb
wbe©vnx|

Drm: bv‡qg|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 38

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.3

A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK DËi wb‡`©kg~jK A¶iwU‡K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb| Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DËiwU K n‡j K
e„ËvwqZ Kiæb:

1| cÖkvm‡bi KvR †KvbwU?

K) cwiKíbv Kiv L) g~j¨vqb Kiv
M) ev¯Íevqb Kiv N) wbqš¿Y Kiv|

2| cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefv‡Mi Aaxb †KvbwU?

K) wk¶v‡evW© L) cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi
M) †bc N) bv‡qg|

3| wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi †Kvb wk¶v cÖwZôvbwU m¤úÖwZKv‡j cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K) e¨vb‡eBR L) D”P gva¨wgK wk¶K cÖwk¶Y Bbw÷wUDU
M) PÆMÖvg wk¶v †evW© N) RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq|

Av) msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v Dc-e¨e¯’v wK wK?

2. KvwiMwi wk¶v Awa`߇ii Aax‡b †Kvb †Kvb cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q?
3. D”P gva¨wgK wk¶K cÖwk¶Y Bbw÷wUDU KqwU I wK wK?
4. GbwmwUwe wK? Gi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv wjLyb|
5. bv‡q‡gi KvR wK wK?
6. †bc wK? GwUi KvR wK wK?
7. AwWU I B݇cKkb `ßi †Kb cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q?

B) eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ wK wK?

2. wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb wk¶v mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi msw¶ß cwiPq w`b|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 39

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 2.4 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡, ¶gZv Ges f~wgKv
D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i cwiwa KZUzKz Zv
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi f~wgKv wee„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKRb mgKvjxb `¶ cÖwZôvb cÖavb wKfv‡e Zvi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡eb Zv eY©bv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKRb my`¶ †bZv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvb cÖavb wK wK ¸‡Yi AwaKvix n‡eb Zvi weeiY w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|

cÖwZôvb cÖavb wn‡m‡e wZwb wKfv‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡eb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡k wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K cÖ_gZ `ywU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq, Zvi GKwU nj (1)
miKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb Avi Ab¨wU nj (2) †emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb| GQvov wk¶v ¯Íi
wn‡m‡e †`‡ki mgMÖ wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ:

(1) cÖv_wgK ¯Íi I Zrmswkøó wk¶v cÖwZôvb;

(2) gva¨wgK ¯Íi Ges Zrmswkøó wk¶v cÖwZôvb Ges
(3) D”P wk¶v m¤^Üxq cÖwZôvbmg~n- GB wZbwU †kªwY‡Z wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

G me wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwq‡Z¡ _v‡Kb GKRb wk¶K/Aa¨¶/

cwiPvjK| cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `¶ †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖwZôvb cÖkvm‡bi eûgyLx Kg©KvÐ MwZkxj nq|
cwiYv‡g mvgwMÖK Kg©Kv‡Ð mPjZv I mvdj¨ Av‡m|

wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i cwiwa

wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P Avm‡b AwawôZ _v‡Kb cÖavb wk¶K/Aa¨¶/
cwiPvjK Ges Zuvi `vwqZ¡, KZ©‡e¨i cwiwaI Amxg| A_v©r Zuvi `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ ïay cÖwZôv‡bi
g‡a¨ mxgve× bq| cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡i gvbyl, AwffveK, mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½I
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g mym¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi mvgwMÖK Dbœqb mvab Ki‡Z nq| KviY
cÖwZôvbwU mgv‡Ri mKj ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb mva‡bi j‡¶¨B cÖwZwôZ|

cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi wewae× Kvh©cwiwa

miKvwi cÖwZôvb miKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi Kvh©cwiwa wk¶v wefvM KZ…©K mywbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv _v‡K|
†hgb-

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 40

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

1. cÖwZôvb cÖavb B”Qv Ki‡jB wbw`©ó wbqg/AvBb ewnf‚©Z wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
2. cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœq‡b RbmvaviY wKsev QvÎQvÎx A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU †_‡K
Puv`v msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
3. wZwb PvKzix †_‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
4. wZwb ivóªwe‡ivax †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Ð wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| GgbwK wZwb ivóªwe‡ivax
†Kvbiƒc Dw³ ev e³e¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
5. wZwb miKvwi mKj Av‡`k wb‡la ev¯Íevq‡b miKv‡ii c‡¶ Kvh© Ki‡eb|
6. wk¶v cÖwZôvb PË¡‡ii g‡a¨ Zvui Kg©cwiwa mxgve×| GB cwigЇji AvIZvf‚³ n‡Z
cv‡i Ggb w`K¸‡jv nj−

K) cÖwZôvb evB‡ii cwi‡ek h_v- mvgv‡Ri m`m¨e„›`, AwffveK, mgvRKgx©,

Qv·bZv, ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡, we‡`¨vrmvnx e¨w³ BZ¨vw`|
L) †kªwYK¶, wk¶K, wk¶v_©x, wekªvgvMvi, Avf¨šÍixY µxovK¶|
M) wk¶v gš¿Yvjq, wk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v‡evW©, wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©,
Mfwb©sewW, bv‡qg, RvZxq µxov cwil` BZ¨vw`|
N) wk¶vµg, wk¶vm~wP, wk¶v DcKiY, Kg©Pvix, MÖš’vMvi, QvÎwbevm, †Ljvi gvV,
weÁvbvMvi, wgjbvqZb, cÎcwÎKv, wewfbœ welqwfwËK K¬ve, wk¶v mdi BZ¨vw`|

†emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi †¶‡Î wbqg Kvbyb ev wewa wb‡la wKQyUv wkw_j| †emiKvwi
†emiKvwi cÖwZôvb cÖwZôvb cÖavb wKQy KvR wbR `vwq‡Z¡ Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv miKvwi cÖwZôvb cÖavb Ki‡Z cv‡ib
bv| Z‡e Zuv‡KI †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î miKvi mgq mgq †hme wbqg Kvbyb
†M‡RU AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i †m¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| GQvov †emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbv KwgwUi m`m¨ mwPe wn‡m‡e Zvu‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| †m Kvi‡Y wZwb wKQy
wKQy KvR cwiPvjbv KwgwU Øviv Aby‡gv`b Kwi‡q wb‡q _v‡Kb| †emiKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb
miKvwi wewai AvIZvi evB‡i wKQy wbR¯^ Kvh© Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj:

(1) cwiPvjbv KwgwUi AbygwZµ‡g QvÎ †eZb e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

(2) QvÎ fwZ©i †¶‡Î cwiPvjbv KwgwU KZ…©K M„nxZ wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK Pvu`v/†Wv‡bkb wb‡Z
cv‡ib|
(3) cÖwZôv‡bi Znwej e„w×i Rb¨ evRvi ev †LqvNvU BRviv wb‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) KwgwUi M„nxZ wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK wewfbœ cix¶vi Rb¨ ewa©Z nv‡i wd Qv·`i wbKU
†_‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

G¸‡jv miKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb †Kvb µ‡gB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 41

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e cªwZôvb cÖav‡bi f‚wgKv

wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb‡K cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvq wecyj cwigvY `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi cÖavb wn‡m‡e Zv‡K †h me cÖavb `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv nj:

1. cÖwZôv‡bi GKv‡WwgK gvb msi¶Y I DbœxZKi‡Y m`v Zrci _vK‡Z nq|

2. wk¶‡Ki cvV`vb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wk¶vm~wP ev¯Íevqb, cix¶v MÖnY, dj cÖKvk, MÖš’vMvi
Ges weÁvbvMvi e¨envi I i¶Yv‡e¶Y, QvÎ wbevm, AvBb k„sLjv i¶v BZ¨vw`i Rb¨
m`v Zxÿè `„wó ivL‡Z nq|
3. mgv‡Ri gvby‡li m‡½ mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv|
4. Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix e¨e¯’vcbv|
5. Avw_©K †jb‡`b m¤^Üxq e¨e¯’vcbv|
6. we`¨vj‡qi hveZxq e¨e¯’vcbv myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbv|
7. evB‡ii AevwÂZ cwi‡ek †_‡K cÖwZôvb‡K `~lY gy³ ivLv|

cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ cÖwµqvi aib

mgv‡Ri cÖevngvb msMVb †_‡K wk¶v cÖwZôvb GKwU wfbœagx© RwUj msMVb| mvgvwRK
iƒcvšÍ‡ii d‡j mgv‡R bvbv ai‡bi bZzb bZzb mgm¨v m„wó n‡”Q| G¸‡jvi cÖfv‡e wk¶v
cÖwZôv‡b bZzb Pvwn`v Ges mgm¨v m„wó n‡”Q| d‡j `vwqZ¡ KZ©‡e¨I bZzb gvÎv ms‡hvwRZ
n‡”Q| GQvov eZ©gv‡b wk¶vi gv_vwcQy e¨q Ges wk¶vi gv‡b µgvebwZ m¤ú‡K© mgv‡Ri
mKj ¯Í‡ii RbMY bvbviƒc Awf‡hvM Zyj‡Q Ges Zvi myivnvI `vwe Ki‡Q| Dc‡iv³
mgm¨vi †fovRvj †_‡K wk¶v‡K gy³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb‡K wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î
Zvi ¶gZv Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e:

1. cwiKíbv cÖYqb;
wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi
¶gZv e¨env‡ii 2. wm×všÍ MÖnY;
†¶Îmg~n 3. mgm¨v mbv³KiY Ges AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ mgvavb;
4. ¶gZv I Kg©eÈb Ges mgš^q mvab;
5. Kg© m¤úv`‡b ˆkw_‡j¨i Rb¨ Revew`wnZv wbwðZKiY;
6. wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡b bZzb bZzb Kvh©µg MÖnY Ges
7. cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœq‡b gZv`‡k©i wewfbœZv cwinvi K‡i GK‡Î KvR Kivi g‡bvfve MVb|

Dc‡i ewY©Z †¶Î¸‡jvi msw¶ß weeiY m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv jv‡fi myweavi Rb¨ wb‡gœ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 42

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cwiKíbv cÖYqbKv‡j mKj wk¶K I Ab¨vb¨‡`i‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡j Askx`vwiZ¡ wbwðZ nq

cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ges GZ`wel‡q mK‡ji aviYv ¯úó nq| cwiYv‡g cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j A‡nZzK Ø›Ø
m„wó nq bv|

Avgiv mevB Rvwb †h cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv GKwU †hŠ_ c×wZ/†KŠkj| †m Rb¨ GZ`wel‡q
wm×všÍ MÖnY
wm×všÍ MÖnY mswkøó mK‡ji AwfgZ I mvnvh¨ Ges mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q Kiv n‡j ev¯Íevqb
mnRZi nq|

¶gZv †Kvb& mgq, †Kvb& cÖwµqvq Ges Kvi Dci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Zv GKRb `¶
¶gZv I Kg©eÈb cÖkvmK‡K Aek¨B Rvb‡Z n‡e| KZ©„Z¡ GK nv‡Z Kzw¶MZ bv †i‡L mwVK c‡` mwVK mg‡q
Ges mgš^qmvab c‡`i ¯Íi Abyhvqx `vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv eÈb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©x Zvi h_vh_
e¨envi Ki‡Q wKbv gwbUi Ki‡Z n‡e| wefvwRZ `vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv e¨envi m¤ú‡K© gv‡S
gv‡S mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgm¨v mgvav‡bi KviY Rvbvi DrK…ó Dcvq GZ`wel‡q Z_¨ msMÖn, Z_¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges
mgm¨v wPwýZKiY I we‡kølY K‡i mwVK KviY wPwýZ Kiv| AZtci wKQy `vwqZ¡ wek¦¯Í, †hvM¨ I KZ©e¨wbô
mgvavb mnKg©x‡`i wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i w`‡Z n‡e Ges mgq mgq Zuv‡`i Kv‡R AMÖMwZ gwbUi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Giƒc Kg©cš’vq mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© wb‡R IqvwKenvj nIqv hvq Ges MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq
Gi mgvavb m¤¢e nq|

Kg© m¤úv`‡b `vwqZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi m‡½ m‡½ KZ©„Z¡ I ¶gZv e¨env‡ii AbygwZ w`‡Z n‡e| KZ©‡e¨ Ae‡njv/
ˆkw_‡j¨i Revew`wnZv ˆkw_‡j¨i Rb¨ Zvu‡K Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e GB D‡`¨vMwU mevi †¶‡Î wbi‡c¶fv‡e
wbwðZKiY wbwðZKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki I AvBbvbyM e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

cÖwZôv‡bi ¸YMZgvb cÖwZôv‡bi I wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb msi¶Y I evov‡bvi j‡¶¨ mKj Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi
Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wbav©wiZ K‡i w`‡q Zv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡cÖiYv I wbišÍi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z
c`‡¶c MÖnY n‡e|
cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^v‡_© wk¶v cÖwZôvb GKwU mvgvwRK msMVb| ZvB Gi Kg©Kv‡Ð gZ‡f`/`j _vKv A¯^vfvweK bq|
gZv`‡k©i wfbœZv gZ‡f` ev `‡ji cÖwZ h_vh_fv‡e m‡PZb †_‡K cÖwZôvb cÖavb‡K Kvh©cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cwinvi K‡i GK‡Î n‡e| ZvB wZwb mKj‡K eySv‡eb †h mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv e¨ZxZ Dbœqb m¤¢e bq|
Kvh© m¤úv`bKiY
wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi ¸Yvewj
wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbvi kxl©we›`y‡Z _v‡Kb cÖavb wk¶K/Aa¨¶/ cwiPvjK|
wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Zvu‡K bvbv ai‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡i ¸Yvewji AwaKvix n‡Z nq|
wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq wKsev †h †Kvb cÖwZôvb myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
†bZv‡`i ¸Yvewj we‡kølY Ki‡j Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv cÖavbZt (1) Kvh©Ki †bZv (2) AvbyôvwbK
I cwi‡ekMZ †bZv Ges (3) K¨vwiR‡gwUK †bZv wn‡m‡e wef³ Ki‡Z cvwi| Gme
†bZv‡`i msw¶ß cwiwPwZ wb‡P wee„Z Kiv nj:

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 43

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖwZôvb myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbvq ev `j wKsev msMVb‡K MwZkxj Kivi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ GKwU

Kvh©Ki †bZv MÖæ‡ci ga¨ †_‡K GKRb‡K †bZv/cÖavb wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ ev wbe©vPb Kiv nq| wk¶v cÖwZôvb
cÖavb GB †kªwYi †bZvi AvIZvfz³ n‡q _v‡Kb|

A‡bK †¶‡Î Rb¥m~‡Î ev esk ci¤úivq ‡KD †KD †bZ…Z¡ †c‡q _v‡Kb| †hgb- †bZvi
AvbyôvwbK/
cyÎ/Kb¨v †bZv nb| Z‡e G‡`i‡K †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡Z nq, Ab¨_vq †ewk w`b
cwi‡ekMZ †bZv
†bZ…Z¡ Zvuiv a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv|

GB †kªYxi †bZviv Rb¥MZfv‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i mKj ¸Yvewj I ˆewkó¨ wb‡qB R‡b¥ _v‡K| G‡`i
K¨vwiR‡gwUK †bZv Kg©`¶Zv I wePvi eyw× GgbB Zxÿè †h mKj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi wm×všÍ mK‡j †g‡b †bq,
KviY GB wm×všÍ mK‡ji Rb¨ g½jRbK| wk¶v cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î hw` GB †kªwYi
†bZv wbe©vwPZ nq Z‡e D³ cÖwZôvb DbœwZi kx‡l© †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡i|

eZ©gv‡b cÖwZôvb cÖavbMY †h avu‡P/Kvq`vq cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb †m¸‡jv‡K

wb‡gœv³ bvgKiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i−

1. ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K
2. MYZvwš¿K
3. AvgjvZvwš¿K
4. K¨vwiR‡gwUK
5. Aeva †bZ…Z¡|

cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv mK‡ji mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póvq AwR©Z nq e‡U Z‡e Gi Rb¨ ewjô †bZ…‡Z¡¡i
f~wgKv †MŠY bq eis g~L¨| wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖkvm‡b I e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖavb wk¶K/Aa¨¶/
cwiPvj‡Ki g‡a¨ †h mKj ¸Y _vKv Avewk¨Kfv‡e cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv nj:

1. cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^v_© m‡ev©‡”P ¯’vb †`Iqv Ges Z`vbymv‡i wb‡R I Ab¨vb¨‡`i‡K DrmvwnZ
Kiv|
2. mKj Kv‡h© `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPq †`Iqv|
3. †h †Kvb mgm¨v‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e Av‡Ívcjw× I wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i Zvi my`~icÖmvix dj
jv‡fi Rb¨ AvZ¥cÖZ¨‡qi gva¨‡g Zv mvgvavb Kiv|
4. cigZ mwnòzZvi cÖwZ kª×v cÖ`k©bc~e©K MwZkxj †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv|
5. mgm¨v †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ `„p g‡bvfve †cvlY Kiv Ges Z`vbymv‡i KZ©e¨ m¤úv`‡b
wbf©xKfv‡e AMÖmi nIqv|
6. mKj cÖKvi mnKgx©‡`i m‡½ me©`v mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv Ges `yw`©‡b Awffve‡Ki
`vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 44

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

7. b¨vq cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wbi‡c¶fv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b wb‡R I mnKgx©‡`i‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv
Ges Zvu‡`i‡K mg_©b Kiv|
8. K_v I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ¯^”QZv _vKv|
9. mgv‡Ri gvby‡li m‡½ mym¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv Ges Zuv‡`i‡K mrKv‡R mrcivgk© cÖ`vb
Kiv|
10. A‡nZzK Kvj‡¶cb bv K‡i mgm¨v mgvav‡b AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb Kiv|
11. KZ©‡e¨ Ae‡njv bv Kiv Ges mKj ai‡bi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¶gZv AR©b Kiv|

†bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b

GKRb wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb GKw`‡K cÖkvmK, e¨e¯’vcK Ges Aciw`‡K wZwb †bZvI e‡U|
cÖkvmwbK I GKv‡WwgK Dfqw`‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv Zvui `vwqZ¡| wk¶v cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbvq cÖMwZkxj †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Zvui Aci GKwU Acwinvh© `vwqZ¡| cwieZ©bkxj
Kvh©µ‡gi m‡½ IqvwKenvj _vKvi Rb¨ Zvu‡K †h me †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e
ZviB cÖavb K‡qKwU w`K GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

1. GKRb wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖavb Zvui `xN©w`‡bi AwfÁZvi wbwi‡L †bZ…‡Z¡i evwÂZ
¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡eb|
2. cwi‡ek, mnKgx©i Pvwn`v, Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ Zvu‡`i m‡½
Nwbô m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi †KŠkj AR©b Ki‡eb|
3. AwR©Z Ávb, cÖÁv, `¶Zv, Rb¥MZ ¸Yvewj I cÖwZôv‡bi mK‡ji DbœwZ BZ¨vw` Zuvi
e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ mswgkªY NwU‡q cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸Yvewj I
Kg©‡KŠkj AR©b Ki‡eb|
4. my`~icÖmvix Kíbvkw³, mnbkxjZv, b¨vqcivqYZvi m‡½ mnvqK g‡bvfve MV‡bi Rb¨
me©`vB wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡eb|
5. KZ©e¨ m¤úv`bg~jK Ávb I `¶Zv, fvimvg¨ msi¶‡Yi †KŠkj, AvšÍwiKZv,
we‡k- lYg~jK ¶gZv BZ¨vw` AR©‡bi Rb¨ wZwb me©`v Abykxjb Ki‡eb|
6. mnKgx©‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©…Z¡ eÈb K‡i †`evi Rb¨ Kv‡K w`‡q †Kvb KvR mn‡R
Kiv hv‡e †m m¤ú‡K© †bZv fvjfv‡e Rvb‡eb| †h Kv‡R `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e Zv‡K
¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Kv‡R DØy× Kivi †KŠkjI wZwb AR©b Ki‡eb|
7. mKj Kv‡R wKfv‡e MwZ mÂvjb Ki‡Z n‡e ZrRb¨ mgm¨v wb¯úwËKiY, wbivcËv
cÖ`vb, cÖwZwbwaZ¡KiY BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Ávb I `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|
8. mgm¨vi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ekKi‡Yi Dcvq wn‡m‡e mnKgx©‡`i `vwe `vIqv kª×vi m‡½ kªe‡Yi
mgq wKfv‡e AvZœwbqš¿Y I mshgkxjZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b
Ki‡eb|
9. cwieZ©bkxj Kg©Kv‡Ð †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b I AwR©Z Ávb I `¶Zv‡K
kvwYZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y MÖn‡Y me©`v cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡eb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Management & Curriculum Development 45

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.4

A) msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi †kªwY wefvM D‡jøL Kiæb|

2. wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi Kvh©cwiwa KZUzKz?
3. miKvwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi wewae× Kvh©cwiwa wK wK?
4. cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi f‚wgKv wK wK?
5. ¶gZv I Kg©eÈb Ges mgš^q mva‡bi Dcvq wjLyb|
6. wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi wK wK ¸Yvewj _vKv `iKvi?
7. †bZ…‡Z¡i †kªwY wefvM D‡jøL Kiæb|
8. †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wjLyb|

Av) eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi Kvh©wewai g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK wK?

2. wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi ¶gZv e¨env‡ii †¶Îmg~‡ni wek` weeiY w`b|
3. eZ©gv‡b cÖwZôvb cÖavb †Kvb †Kvb ÷vB‡j cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb Zv D‡jøL
Kiæb|
4. †bZ„‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi cÖwµqvi mgv‡jvPbvg~jK weeiY w`b|

BDwbU- 2 wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv I wk¶vµg Dbœqb 46