VERITAS UNIVERSITY, BWARI, ABUJA

(The Catholic University of Nigeria)

OBIORAH NOBLE TOBECHUKWU

VUG/EEG/21/5395

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

VERITAS UNIVERSITY ABUJA, FCT.

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM (SWEP)

AT

TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA (TCN), 132/33KV KUBWA SUBSTATION,

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF

ENGINEERING (B.ENG.) IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING,

FROM 23RD AUGUST - 17TH OCTOBER, 2023.

 DECLARATION

I OBIORAH NOBLE TOBECHUKWU with the Matriculation Number VUG/EEG/21/5395

hereby declare that this technical report was carried out by me, and every other external work

used in this project has been fully acknowledged.

…………………......... …......................................

VUG/EEG/21/5395 Date

OBIORAH NOBLE TOBECHUKWU

II
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report of Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) was

carried out by Obiorah Noble Tobechukwu with Matriculation number, VUG/EEG/21/5395, an

Electrical and Electronic Engineering student of Veritas University, Abuja for a period of 2

months at the system operations department of Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN),

132/33kv Kubwa TS, and submitted to the Department of Computer and Electrical/Electronic

Engineering, Veritas University, Bwari, Nigeria, as part of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

Obiorah Noble DATE

Student

Mr. Musa Garba (+234 803 522 5636) DATE

Industry based SWEP Supervisor

Dr. Obinna Ugwu DATE

Departmental SWEP Coordinator

III
Fig. 01, Letter of Acceptance from Transmission Company of Nigeria

IV
 DEDICATION

“I dedicate this report to God, for getting me through this experience and up to this

point”

V
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I would like to give all glory and honour to God, It was HE who was

there to help me in all the stages of my life, the source of all wisdom and understanding. He

granted me His grace, strength and guidance at every step.

I take this opportunity as a privilege to thank my honorable teachers for their guidance,

discussions and suggestions with me which really helped me to be what I am today.

I would also like to thank my parent Mrs Blessing Obiorah, I want to say the biggest

thanks to her, for her support and her unconditional love in my life, without which, I wouldn’t be

here today.

It would be great remiss if I do not thank all the people who helped me in completing my

internship especially the Senior Manager of Transmission company of Nigeria 133/33KV

Kubwa TS who arranged my internship program and the staff of Transmission company of

Nigeria 133/33KV Kubwa TS which was very cooperative throughout my stay in the

Transmission company of Nigeria 133/33KV Kubwa TS. Perhaps I would not be able to write

such a report without their help and cooperation.

Finally, I am very thankful to my friends for their encouragement and love. The

completion of my work is the result of the co-operation and support of all the people mentioned

above because without their co-operation, support and love, I would not have made a report like

this.

God bless you!

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 ABSTRACT

The Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) was laid out by the Industrial Training

Fund (ITF) to empower students of tertiary establishments to have specialized information on

modern work in view of their course of concentrate before the fulfillment of their program in

their particular foundations. It is pointed toward presenting students to get modern ability and

pragmatic experience, the program is planned for span of a two (2) months or more at various

universities.

This report gives a point-by-point outline of a two (2) month internship SWEP at the

Transmission company of Nigeria 133/33KV Kubwa TS, for two (2) months, it highlights most

of the work done at the substation and my exposure to learning more on power transmission,

networking and a lot more.

VII
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page I

Declaration II

Certification III/IV

Dedication V

Acknowledgement VI

Abstract VII

Table of contents VIII/IX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 General introduction to the SWEP program--------------------------------------------1

1.1 Nature and scope of SWEP 1/2

1.2 Bodies involved in SWEP 2

1.3 Aims and objectives of SWEP 3/4

1.4 Benefits of industrial training 4/5

1.5 Justification for choice of Industry 5/6

1.6 The logbook 6

CHAPTER TWO

VIII
2.0 History of Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN)-----------------------------------7

2.0.1 History of Transmission Company of Nigeria 132/33KV Kubwa TS--------------7/8

2.1 Major activities performed by TCN 8/9

2.2 Departments at TCN and location of TCN------------------------------------------------9

2.3 Structure of the Organization 9/13

2.4 What was learnt during my industrial training at TCN-----------------------------------14

2.4.1 First month of my internship at TCN-----------------------------------------------------14/16

2.4.2 Second month of my internship at TCN--------------------------------------------------16/18

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Knowledge gained during SWEP at TCN-------------------------------------------------19/21

3.1 Limitations of the training 21/22

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Conclusion 23

4.1 Recommendations 23/24

4.2 Suggestions to future SWEP students------------------------------------------------------24/25

4.3 References 26

IX
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE SWEP PROGRAM

The Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) is a program in Nigeria that was

established to provide students in various tertiary institutions with practical, hands-on experience

in industrial and professional settings. SWEP was introduced to bridge the gap between

theoretical education and practical work experience, preparing students for their future careers

and improving their employability.

The program operates through a partnership between academic institutions, industries,

and the government. Participating students are required to complete a specified period of work in

approved organizations related to their fields of study, gaining valuable insights, skills, and

industry-specific knowledge. SWEP is an essential component of Nigeria's education system,

contributing to the development of a skilled workforce and helping students make a seamless

transition from academia to the professional world. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing the

employability of Nigerian graduates and fostering a closer connection between educational

institutions and industry.

1.1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF SWEP

The Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) is a structured program that provides

students with hands-on experience in various industries relevant to their fields of study. It’s

scope encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including science, engineering, technology,

agriculture, and the arts. SWEP offers students the opportunity to work in real-world settings,

gaining practical skills, exposure to industry-specific tools and processes, and the chance to be

mentored by experienced professionals. It spans a specified duration, is a collaborative effort

1
between educational institutions, industries, and the government, and aims to enhance students'

employability by preparing them for the demands of the job market. SWEP is diverse in its

industry coverage, making it adaptable to the needs of students from various academic

backgrounds and helping bridge the gap between theory and practice in their educational

journey.This is based on the number of weeks or months that student is expected to stay for its

attachment. The minimum duration for SWEP should normally be six months, twenty-four

weeks (24) weeks for University Engineers and Technologist. The cumulative total duration of

attachment over the entire period of the course should preferably be not shorter than 240hrs full

time which will take place during term-time or long vacation.Induction sessions which is

conducted by teaching departments to install the concepts expectations, legalities and ethics.

1.2 BODIES INVOLVED IN SWEP

The main bodies involved in Student Industrial Work Experience are the Tertiary and the

Federal Government through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), but other Supervising agencies

Include;

I. National University Commission (NUC)

II. National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)

III. National Council for Colleges for Education (NCCE)

IV. Industry/Employees (NECA, NACCIMA, MAN, Government Establishments)

V. Tertiary Institution (Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education)

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SWEP

The Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) is a program designed to bridge the gap

between theoretical classroom learning and practical work experience for students in various

2
academic disciplines, primarily in science, engineering, and technology fields. The aims and

objectives of SWEP are as follows:

I. Experiential Learning: SWEP aims to provide students with the opportunity to apply

the knowledge and skills they've acquired in their academic coursework in a real-world work

environment. This practical exposure helps them gain a deeper understanding of their field and

develop the competencies needed for their future careers.

II. Skill Development: SWEP seeks to equip students with practical skills that are

relevant to their chosen profession. It allows them to learn how to use industry-specific tools,

equipment, and technologies, enhancing their technical capabilities and problem-solving

skills.

III. Industry Insight: The program aims to familiarize students with the operations,

culture, and dynamics of various industries. By immersing themselves in a professional

work setting, students can gain valuable insights into the specific requirements and

expectations of their future workplaces.

IV. Career Readiness: SWEP is designed to prepare students for the demands of the job

market. It helps them develop essential workplace skills, such as communication, teamwork,

time management, and adaptability, which are crucial for a successful transition from

academia to the professional world.

V. Networking: SWEP provides students with the opportunity to build a professional

network by interacting with experienced professionals in their field. This can be beneficial for

future job opportunities, mentorship, and career guidance.

3
 Overall, SWEP aims to enhance the employability of students, fostering a stronger

connection between academia and industry and preparing them for a successful and fulfilling

career in their chosen fields.

1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Industry training as an intern offers a multitude of invaluable benefits for individuals

embarking on their career journey. First and foremost, it provides hands-on experience and

practical knowledge that classroom learning alone cannot replicate. Interns have the opportunity

to work alongside seasoned professionals, gaining insights into the real-world application of their

skills. This exposure not only enhances their technical competencies but also hones their

problem-solving abilities and critical thinking. Moreover, industry training often fosters a deep

understanding of company culture and industry dynamics, allowing interns to adapt more

seamlessly to the work environment and be better prepared for the challenges that lie ahead in

their professional lives.

Furthermore, internships provide a crucial bridge between academic theory and

professional practice. They enable interns to connect the dots between their educational

background and the demands of the industry they aspire to be a part of. This integration of theory

and practice can be instrumental in helping interns discover their career interests, refine their

career goals, and make informed decisions about their future. In addition, internships often serve

as networking opportunities, facilitating connections with professionals in the field and

potentially opening doors to future job opportunities. Overall, industry training as an intern not

only equips individuals with the skills and knowledge needed for their chosen profession but also

empowers them with the confidence and insight necessary to thrive in the competitive job market.

4
1.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR CHOICE OF INDUSTRY

The choice of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) as the industry for my

internship can be justified based on several compelling reasons:

I. Relevance to Field of Study: As a student of electrical and electronic engineering, TCN

aligns perfectly with my academic background. It offers an ideal platform for applying the

theoretical knowledge I've gained in the classroom to real-world power system operations,

making it an industry of utmost relevance.

II. Critical Infrastructure: The power transmission sector is a critical infrastructure

component in any nation. By interning at TCN, I have the opportunity to contribute to the

country's power supply, which is vital for economic development and daily life. This aligns with

my desire to work in an area that has a significant societal impact.

III. Practical Experience: TCN provides a unique environment for gaining hands-on

experience in power system operations. This includes exposure to real-time monitoring, load

forecasting, and crisis management, which are fundamental skills for an electrical and

electronic engineer.

IV. Technological Advancements: The power sector is undergoing rapid technological

advancements, and TCN is at the forefront of adopting innovative solutions to improve the

efficiency and reliability of the power grid. This offers a chance to learn about cutting-edge

technologies and practices.

V. Regulatory and Compliance Knowledge: TCN's role as a regulatory body in the power

sector exposes interns to the intricacies of regulatory compliance, which is essential for

understanding industry standards and governance.

5
 VI. Career Opportunities: An internship at TCN can provide insights into the diverse

career opportunities within the power sector, from power system engineering to renewable

energy integration and grid modernization.

VII. Networking: The power sector is highly networked, and an internship at TCN allows

for connections with experienced professionals, potential mentors, and future colleagues in the

industry. Networking is invaluable for future job opportunities and career guidance.

VIII. Personal Interest: My personal interest and passion for electrical and electronic

engineering make TCN a natural choice. The enthusiasm for the subject matter often leads to a

more fulfilling and productive internship experience.

In summary, the choice of TCN as the industry for my internship is justified by its direct

alignment with my field of study, its critical role in the nation's infrastructure, the practical

experience it offers, the potential for technological exposure, regulatory knowledge, and

networking opportunities, as well as my personal interest in the field. This internship represents a

valuable opportunity to prepare for a future career in electrical and electronic engineering and to

contribute to the nation's power supply and infrastructure development.

1.6 THE LOG BOOK

The Log Book is issued to every Student on attachment by the Institution was used to

record daily activities that took place during the period of attachment, and it was checked and

endorsed by the Industry Supervisor and ITF Supervisor.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 HISTORY OF TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA (TCN)

TCN emerged from the defunct National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) as a product

of the merger of the Transmission and Operations sectors on April 1, 2004. TCN was

incorporated in November 2005. Being one of the 18 unbundled Business Units under the Power

Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), TCN was issued a transmission License on 1st July, 2006.

It was subsequently issued two licences on June 10, 2013 for electricty transmission and system

operations. It’s mission and vision are to transmit electricity in the most efficient and effective

manner, and to be one of the leading electricity transmission companies in the world,

respectively. TCN has its presence in all 36 states of the federation, the Federal Capital Territory

as well as three other lines supplying the West African Power Pool (WAPP)

2.0.1 HISTORY OF TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA (TCN) 132/33KV

KUBWA TS

KUBWA 132/33kv 2X60MVA Transformer Station was a World Bank assisted project.It was

built by an Indian Company (MBH Power Limited) and was commissioned on September 28

7
2010 by the Executive president Federal Republic of Nigeria. The target consumers are as

outline below under the outgoing 33kv feeders;

I. 33kv Dam feeder 301 supplies Lower Usman Dam, a water works that supply the Abuja

and its environs with portable pipe borne water. The feeder is a dedicated feeder. (There

is 2 x 15MV A injection Substation at Lower Usman Dam)

II. 33kv Deidei feeder 302 supplies Deidei, Arab Construction Company, Jiwa District,

Karimo Industrial Layout, Jabi Fish Market etc. (There is 1 No 2.5mva 33/11kv and 1

No 7.5mva 33/11kva substations)

III. 33kv Dawaki feeder 303 supplies Dutse-Alhaji, Dutse Sokale, Dawaki and, parts of

Gwarimpa Estate. (There is 1 No 2.5mva 33/11kv at Dutse-Alhaji and 2x15mva 33/11kv

at Gwarinpa)

IV. 33kv Bwari feeder 304 supplies Ushafa Village, War College Staff Quarters, Jamb Office,

Law school etc (There is 2x15mva 33/11kv injection Substation at Bwari)

V. 33kv feeder 305 is a spare feeder.

VI. 33kv Kubwa feeder 306 supplies Kubwa and it's environ. It supplies Army Resettlement

quarters, Federal Housing Authority Estate etc.

2.1 MAJOR ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY TCN

I. Operate, expand/upgrade transmission facilities for efficient and effective wheeling of

generated electricity.

II. Build Transmission Grid that can efficiently evacuate all generated power.

III. Create adequate network redundancies to ensure at least 99.9% reliability.

IV. Reduce transmission losses to less than 5%.

8
 V. Pursue Inter-connection with neighboring Countries for power exchange with. associated

cost savings from the sharing of reserve capacity and energy resources.

VI. Improve TCN's revenue base to ensure a self-sufficient and self-sustaining company.

VII. Ensure that safety and environmental issues are managed to meet international standards.

VIII. Standardization of procurement procedure to reflect International standard.

IX. Provide an effective Project Management System.

X. Provide standard human capacity development of TCN staff for high level performance.

2.2 DEPARTMENTS AT TCN AND LOCATION OF TCN

They are the three departments in TCN created to handle the day to day activities of the

company:

I. TSP- Transmission Service Provider

II. SO- System Operations

III. MO- Market Operations

TCN has its presence in all 36 states of the federation, the Federal Capital Territory as

well as three other lines supplying the West African Power Pool (WAPP)

The TCN substation where I had my internship is located at Bwari Area Council Kubwa,

Abuja.

2.3 STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION

Organizational structure for the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) based on its

hierarchy, from the top leadership down to the operational and support units:

9
 Board of Directors:

I. Chairman

II. Non-Executive Directors

III. Managing Director/CEO (Executive Director)

Executive Management:

I. Chief Operating Officer (COO)

II. Operations Division

III. Engineering Division

IV. Technical Services Division

V. Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

VI. Finance and Accounting

VII. Procurement

VIII. Chief Technical Officer (CTO)

IX. Chief Engineering Officer (CEngO)

X. Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)

XI. Human Resources and Training

XII. Chief Information Officer (CIO)

XIII. Information Technology (IT) and Systems

Operations Division:

I. Head of Operations Division

II. Grid Operations

III. System Control

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IV. Maintenance and Repair

Engineering Division:

I. Head of Engineering Division

II. Planning and Design

III. Construction and Project Management

IV. Asset Management

Technical Services Division:

I. Head of Technical Services Division

II. Substation Operations

III. Transmission Line Operations

IV. Relay Protection and Control

Finance and Administration:

I. Head of Finance and Administration

II. Finance and Accounting

III. Procurement

IV. Administration and General Services

Human Resources and Training:

I. Head of Human Resources and Training

II. Recruitment and Staffing

III. Training and Development

IV. Employee Relations

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Information Technology (IT) and Systems:

I. Head of IT and Systems

II. IT Infrastructure

III. Software Development

IV. Cybersecurity

Regional Operations:

I. Northern Region

II. Western Region

III. Eastern Region

IV. Regional Managers

Zonal Operations:

I. North-West Zone

II. North-East Zone

III. North-Central Zone

IV. South-West Zone

V. South-South Zone

VI. South-East Zone

VII. Zonal Managers

Grid Control Centers:

I. Northern Grid Control Center

II. Western Grid Control Center

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III. Eastern Grid Control Center

Project Units:

I. Grid Expansion Projects

II. Grid Rehabilitation Projects

III. Renewable Energy Integration Projects

Support Units:

I. Legal and Regulatory Affairs

II. Communications and Public Relations

III. Health and Safety

IV. Internal Audit

Field Staff:

I. Engineers

II. Technicians

III. System Operators

IV. Maintenance Crew

This hierarchical organizational structure outlines the leadership positions and their

respective departments, divisions, and units within TCN. It reflects the chain of command and

reporting relationships from the highest level of leadership down to the operational and support

units responsible for managing and maintaining the power transmission infrastructure in Nigeria.

13
2.4 WHAT WAS LEARNT DURING MY INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT TCN

My internship began with a warm welcome and an orientation, I was introduced to the

various departments and staff members at the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN)

132/33KV Kubwa TS, which helped me gain a better understanding of the substation’s structure

and workflow, I joined the system operation department and I also received valuable insights

into the company's culture, values, and mission.

2.4.1 FIRST MONTH OF MY INTERNSHIP AT TCN

During my first month as a system operator intern at TCN, I embarked on a journey to

build a strong foundation in power system operations. Here's a detailed and comprehensive

account of what I learned and the skills I acquired during this initial phase:

I. Introduction to TCN Operations: I began by immersing myself in understanding the

structure, mission, and objectives of TCN within Nigeria's power sector. This included a

comprehensive overview of TCN's role as a critical entity responsible for power

transmission. For instance, I learned that TCN plays a pivotal role in transmitting

electricity generated by power plants to distribution networks, ensuring a reliable supply

of electricity to consumers nationwide.

II. Transformer Basics: In the initial weeks, I received a comprehensive overview of

transformers. I learned about their fundamental role in voltage transformation, as well as

their various types and configurations. For instance, I gained an understanding of how

power transformers are used to step up or step down voltage levels in the power grid. I

also learned about the significance of distribution transformers in delivering electricity to

consumers.

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III. Transformer Monitoring: I was introduced to the importance of continuous monitoring

and maintenance of transformers. I learned to use various monitoring devices, such as oil

and winding temperature gauges, to assess the condition of the transformer and detect any

anomalies. Understanding these devices allowed me to identify potential issues and take

timely corrective actions.

IV. Power System Fundamentals: My training involved a deep dive into the fundamental

concepts of power systems. I learned about various aspects, including power generation,

transmission, and distribution, as well as the role of TCN in this context. For example, I

gained a clear understanding of how electricity is generated from various sources, such as

thermal, hydro, and renewable energy, and how TCN's role is to transport this electricity

efficiently and securely through a vast network of substations and transmission lines.

V. Grid Control Principles: Grid control was a central focus during the first month. I became

acquainted with the principles of real-time grid management, where system operators are

responsible for maintaining grid stability and reliability. One key concept I learned is

how grid operators continuously monitor grid parameters, such as voltage, current, and

frequency, to ensure that they remain within safe and operational limits.

VI. System Monitoring Tools: Practical exposure to the tools and software used for real-time

grid monitoring was a key part of my training. An example includes getting hands-on

experience with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. I learned

how these systems allow operators to visualize and control the grid, providing real-time

data on the status of substations, transmission lines, and other grid components.

VII. Safety Protocols: Safety was emphasized from the outset. I familiarized myself with the

stringent safety procedures and protocols in place for control room operations and other

15
 grid-related activities. For instance, I learned about the safety measures in place to protect

personnel from potential electrical hazards and the importance of adhering to these safety

protocols at all times.

VIII. Communication Skills: Effective communication was a cornerstone of my training. I

began honing my communication skills, recognizing their pivotal role in relaying crucial

information within the control room and coordinating with field staff and external

stakeholders. An example is practicing clear and concise communication, especially

during critical events or emergency situations, to ensure that all stakeholders are

informed promptly.

IX. Grid Geography: To effectively monitor and manage the transmission grid, I was

required to learn about its geographical layout. I studied the locations of substations,

transmission lines, and interconnections, ensuring that I could visualize the spatial

aspects of grid operations. This geographical knowledge proved invaluable for

understanding the grid's physical layout, which is crucial for troubleshooting and

responding to incidents.

2.4.2 SECOND MONTH OF MY INTERNSHIP AT TCN

As I progressed into my second month at TCN, my learning continued to evolve, and I

acquired a deeper understanding of power system operations. Here's a detailed account of my

experiences and the skills I developed during this period:

I. Load Forecasting: My knowledge base expanded to include load forecasting techniques. I

delved into the intricacies of predicting power demand variations throughout the day and

across different seasons. For example, I learned how historical data, weather patterns,

and
16
 consumer behavior contribute to load forecasting models. This understanding was

essential for managing the grid efficiently and ensuring that electricity supply matches

demand.

II. Grid Contingency Handling: I learned how to identify and respond to grid

contingencies effectively. An example is understanding how equipment failures, line

outages, or unexpected load fluctuations can impact grid stability. I learned about the

importance of contingency plans and how operators must respond swiftly to mitigate

potential issues.

III. Operating Procedures: Gaining insights into the standard operating procedures governing

grid operations was a significant part of my training. I became familiar with the

sequence of actions required for system restoration after outages and disruptions. For

instance, I learned about the step-by-step procedures for restoring power to affected

areas following an equipment failure, ensuring that electricity supply is resumed without

compromising grid stability.

IV. Data Analysis: Data analysis became a core skill as I delved into the interpretation of

real-time data. I was introduced to advanced tools and techniques for analyzing grid data,

including the use of data visualization and analysis software. I learned how to identify

trends, anomalies, and potential issues by examining data collected from various grid

components.

V. Grid Control Software Proficiency: My proficiency in using grid control software

expanded. I learned how to navigate and operate these systems effectively, allowing

me to monitor and control grid operations efficiently. For example, I became adept at

remotely operating switches and breakers using the software interface.

17
VI. Emergency Response: My training extended to emergency response procedures and

crisis management protocols. I learned about the critical role of system operators during

grid emergencies. An example includes practicing black start procedures, which are the

steps to restart the grid following a complete blackout. I also learned about the

importance of maintaining communication and coordination during emergencies.

VII. Teamwork: Effective teamwork was crucial within the control room. I learned how to

collaborate with my colleagues, communicate efficiently, and ensure smooth grid

operations by working together seamlessly. An example includes coordinating with

fellow operators during shift changes to relay important information and maintain

situational awareness.

These 2(two) months of my internship at TCN were filled with intensive learning and

skill development. I was equipped with a solid understanding of power systems, grid operations,

and the critical responsibilities of a system operator. I look forward to applying these

foundational skills to more complex tasks and contributing effectively to power transmission

network for Nigeria and across the globe.

18
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 KNOWLEDGE GAINED DURING SWEP AT TCN:

During my SWEP (Student Work Experience Program ) at TCN as a system operator, I

acquired a wealth of knowledge and invaluable experience in the field of power system

operations. Some of the key knowledge areas and skills I gained during this internship include:

I. Real-time Power System Monitoring: I learned how to monitor the real-time status of

the electrical grid, gaining insights into the importance of maintaining system stability and

ensuring the continuous supply of electricity.

II. Load Forecasting: I acquired knowledge about load forecasting techniques, which are

crucial for balancing the power supply with demand and preventing grid instabilities.

III. Control Room Operations: I became familiar with the day-to-day operations of a

control room, including managing system contingencies, handling alarms, and responding to

emergencies.

IV. Grid Management Software: I gained proficiency in using grid management software

and tools to analyze and control the electrical grid, allowing for better decision-making during

operations.

V. Safety Protocols: I learned about the strict safety protocols and guidelines that are

essential for working in a critical infrastructure environment, prioritizing the safety of personnel

and the reliability of the power system.

19
 VI. Communication Skills: Effective communication within a team of system operators is

vital for ensuring the smooth operation of the power grid. I developed communication skills to

convey critical information accurately and efficiently.

VII. Crisis Management: I gained insights into crisis management and the procedures for

handling grid emergencies, which can arise due to unforeseen events or equipment failures.

VIII. Teamwork: Working as a system operator requires close collaboration with

colleagues. I learned the importance of teamwork in managing the power system effectively.

IX. Data Analysis: I acquired skills in data analysis and interpretation, which is essential

for making informed decisions during grid operations.

X. Industry Insights: My internship at TCN provided me with a deeper understanding of

the power generation, transmission, and distribution industry in Nigeria. I learned about the roles

and responsibilities of TCN in maintaining a reliable power supply.

XI. Regulatory Compliance: I gained an appreciation for the regulatory and compliance

requirements that govern power system operations, ensuring that the industry operates safely

and in accordance with established standards.

XII. Professional Networking: The internship allowed me to build a network of industry

professionals, mentors, and colleagues, which can be invaluable for future career opportunities

and growth.

Overall, my SWEP at TCN as a system operator provided me with a comprehensive

education in power system operations, from the fundamentals of real-time monitoring to the

intricacies of crisis management and regulatory compliance. This knowledge and experience

20
have been instrumental in shaping my understanding of the energy sector and have prepared me

for a future career in electrical and electronic engineering.

3.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE TRAINING

After completion of my internship at TCN, here are some limitations I experienced at

TCN as a system operator:

I. Limited Hands-on Experience: During my internship, I found that I had limited access

to certain critical systems and operations due to security and operational concerns. This

limitation impacted the depth of practical experience I could gain during my internship.

II. Observational Role: I often primarily played an observational role, which meant that I

was not directly involved in making certain crucial decisions or taking the lead in critical

operational tasks. This limited the level of responsibility and practical experience I gained.

III. Duration: My internship had a fixed duration, which did not allow me to

experience the full range of operations, especially in a complex field like power system

operations where certain events or scenarios did not occur during my internship period.

IV. Safety Concerns: I realized that working in a critical infrastructure environment like

TCN required strict adherence to safety protocols. I was subject to limitations in my activities

due to safety concerns, which restricted my involvement in certain tasks.

V. Confidentiality: I was restricted from discussing or sharing certain sensitive

information, which limited my understanding of the full scope of operations.

Despite these limitations, my internship training at TCN as a system operator still

provided a valuable opportunity for me to gain insights into power system operations, develop

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industry-specific skills, and establish professional connections. The limitations mentioned were

often mitigated by proactive engagement, clear communication with supervisors, and my

commitment to learning and observing operations to the best of my abilities.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 CONCLUSION

Conclusively, my internship at TCN as a system operator from the period (23rd August to

17th October 2023) has been a significant milestone in my academic and professional journey.

While I encountered certain limitations during my time there, the experience was immensely

valuable. I had the opportunity to gain firsthand insights into the intricacies of power system

operations, which deepened my understanding of the field and helped me develop industry-

specific skills. The observational role I played allowed me to witness the critical decision-

making processes, even though I lacked direct authority, and I'm grateful for the mentorship I

received, which varied in quality but still contributed to my growth.

The experience of working in a critical infrastructure environment, adhering to strict

safety protocols, and understanding the importance of confidentiality has left an indelible mark

on my professional development. Despite the challenges, I was able to network with experienced

professionals, and I'm eager to build upon these connections in the future. As I move forward in

my career, I will reflect on my experiences at TCN, use the knowledge and skills I've acquired,

and remain committed to continuous learning and growth in the field of electrical and electronic

engineering. My internship at TCN has been a stepping stone, and I look forward to the exciting

opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.

4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

I. Proper orientation should be given to the students by the university before they go on

SWEP at least before mid-semester break of first semester.

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 II. The placement letter should be given to students early enough so as to avoid

attachment in irrelevant organization.

III. I recommend that substantial percent of the National budget should go into the

development, improvement and sustenance of the power sector. Doing this would help improve

Electricity production and in turn improve development and industrialization and subsequently,

the income the country generates.

IV. Student should avoid prioritizing money over work and experience and should

develop a good attitude, good work ethics and be a good ambassador of the university they

are representing.

V. Institution and ITF should ensure that students are attached at relevant establishment

for effective training, experience and exposure related to their course of study in the university.

4.2 SUGGESTIONS TO FUTURE SWEP STUDENTS

After completion of my two (2) months internship these are my suggestions for future

SWEP (Student Work Experience Program ) students to make the most of their internship

experience:

I. Prepare Thoroughly: Before starting your SWEP, research the organization where you

will intern, familiarize yourself with their operations, and understand the nature of their work.

This preparation will help you adapt more quickly to your new environment.

II. Set Clear Objectives: Define your learning objectives and goals for the internship.

Discuss these with your supervisor to ensure that both you and the organization are on the same

page regarding your responsibilities and expectations.

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 III. Stay Curious: Be eager to learn and ask questions. The internship is an opportunity to

gain practical knowledge and insights, so don't hesitate to seek guidance from experienced

professionals in your field.

IV. Network Actively: Take advantage of the opportunity to build a professional network.

Engage with your colleagues, mentors, and other industry professionals. Networking can lead to

mentorship, job opportunities, and valuable advice for your career.

VI. Embrace Challenges: Don't be afraid of challenges. They are opportunities for growth.

Facing and overcoming challenges can be some of the most valuable experiences during your

internship.

By following these suggestions, I believe future SWEP students can maximize the

benefits of their internship, gain valuable experience, and be better prepared for their future

careers.

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4.3 REFERENCES

I. About ITF – https://www.itf.gov.ng/

II. About TCN – Wikipedia and https://www.tcn.org.ng/

III. About Kubwa 132/33KV Substation - https://www.tcn.org.ng/

IV. Mission and vision of TCN – https://www.tcn.org.ng/

V. TCN logo – https://www.tcn.org.ng/

VI. My Logbook

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