Fluid Mechanics Overview

Answers

1. What characterizes an ideal fluid?

A. It always offers shear resistance.

B. It flows steadily and without friction.

C. It exists in practical applications.

D. It has viscosity and is compressible.

Answer: It flows steadily and without friction. (B)

An ideal fluid is defined as one that flows steadily without viscosity or

friction.

2. How is steady flow defined?

A. The pressure is inconsistent throughout the fluid.

B. The characteristics at a point do not change with time.

C. The velocity changes constantly with time.

D. The flow depth varies with distance.

Answer: The characteristics at a point do not change with time. (B)

In steady flow, the velocity and other characteristics at a point remain
constant over time.
3. Which of the following is a property of real fluids?

A. They possess viscosity.

B. They do not change their velocity over time.

C. They have no shear resistance.

D. They flow uniformly in all situations.

Answer: They possess viscosity. (A)

Real fluids are characterized by having viscosity and offering shear

resistance.

4. What distinguishes non-uniform flow from uniform flow?

A. Flow depth is constant across the flow.

B. Pressure does not change with time.

C. Velocity varies at different points in the fluid.

D. Velocity remains constant at all points.

Answer: Velocity varies at different points in the fluid. (C)

Non-uniform flow is characterized by changes in velocity at different
points of the fluid.

5. During laminar flow in circular pipes, how is the velocity

distribution characterized?

A. It forms a flat layer with uniform velocity.

B. It follows a three-dimensional paraboloid of revolution.

C. All particles follow indistinct paths.

D. It shows chaotic fluctuations in speed.

Answer: It follows a three-dimensional paraboloid of revolution. (B)

In laminar flow, the velocity distribution in circular pipes is a
paraboloid of revolution.
6. What happens as the critical velocity is exceeded in a
flowing fluid?

A. Velocity distribution becomes uniform across the fluid.

B. The flow remains laminar regardless of velocity.

C. The fluid becomes incompressible.

D. Turbulence increases with the velocity of flow.

Answer: Turbulence increases with the velocity of flow. (D)

When critical velocity is surpassed, turbulence in the fluid increases

significantly.

7. What characterizes turbulent flow?

A. Particles follow irregular, crossing paths.

B. Flow is highly organized and predictable.

C. Particles follow well-defined paths.

D. Velocity is perfectly uniform throughout.

Answer: Particles follow irregular, crossing paths. (A)

Turbulent flow is characterized by particles following irregular paths,

resulting in complex patterns.

8. Which statement is true regarding uniform fluid flow?

A. Pressure changes dramatically over time.

B. Velocity at a given instant is the same at all points.

C. Velocity varies at any point of the fluid.

D. The flow depth changes with distance.

Answer: Velocity at a given instant is the same at all points. (B)

In uniform fluid flow, velocity at any given instant remains constant at
all points in the fluid.
9. What is the primary property of a streamline in fluid
dynamics?

A. It indicates the pressure distribution within the fluid.

B. It represents the total mass of fluid flowing.

C. The velocity vector at every point is tangent to the streamline.

D. It is perpendicular to the velocity vectors of the fluid.

Answer: The velocity vector at every point is tangent to the

streamline. (C)
Streamlines provide an instantaneous picture of the velocity direction
of fluid particles.

10. Which of the following best defines a stream tube?

A. A line drawn to show the direction of pressure changes in a fluid.

B. A device used to measure the velocity of fluid flow.

C. A feature that allows fluid to flow freely without constraints.

D. A closed curve that does not permit fluid to pass through its walls.

Answer: A closed curve that does not permit fluid to pass through its
walls. (D)

Stream tubes are defined by their walls being streamlines, forming

boundaries that restrict fluid movement.

11. How is the mass flow rate (M) expressed?

A. As the mass density multiplied by volume flow rate.

B. As the total weight of fluid flowing per second.

C. As the sum of pressure and kinetic energy.

D. As the product of area and velocity.

Answer: As the mass density multiplied by volume flow rate. (A)

Mass flow rate is calculated using the formula M = ρQ, where ρ is

mass density and Q is volume flow rate.
12. Which law states that mass cannot be created or
destroyed in a closed system?

A. First Law of Thermodynamics

B. Law of Conservation of Mass

C. Law of Conservation of Energy

D. Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer: Law of Conservation of Mass (B)

The Law of Conservation of Mass ensures mass balance in a closed
system.

13. What does the continuity equation represent for

incompressible fluids?

A. It describes changes in the velocity of fluid in open channels.

B. It indicates the relationship between pressure and density.

C. It states that the flow rate remains constant throughout the fluid
system.

D. It shows the variation of fluid temperature over time.

Answer: It states that the flow rate remains constant throughout the
fluid system. (C)
The continuity equation A1v1 = A2v2 illustrates that flow rate remains
constant.
14. The First Law of Thermodynamics is primarily
concerned with what aspect?

A. The transformation of energy from one form to another.

B. The measurement of fluid viscosity in motion.

C. The conservation of mass in static systems.

D. The quantification of thermal conductivity in fluids.

Answer: The transformation of energy from one form to another. (A)

The First Law of Thermodynamics addresses energy conservation in
various forms, including kinetic and potential energy.

15. In the equation for volume flow rate, what does 'Q'
represent?

A. Average velocity of fluid flow

B. Volume flow rate in m³/s

C. Mass of fluid per unit time

D. Weight density of the fluid

Answer: Volume flow rate in m³/s (B)

'Q' denotes the volume of fluid passing through a section per unit
time, specifically measured in cubic meters per second.
16. Which relationship best describes the flow of fluid in a
pipe according to the principle of mass conservation?

A. The diameter of the pipe does not influence flow rate.

B. Pressure is constant throughout the pipe.

C. Fluid velocity decreases with an increase in elevation.

D. The amount of fluid entering a pipe must equal the amount leaving.

Answer: The amount of fluid entering a pipe must equal the amount
leaving. (D)

The principle of mass conservation necessitates that the mass flow

rate into a pipe equals that flowing out.

17. What characterizes compressible fluid flow?

A. The fluid density varies due to pressure changes.

B. The fluid density remains constant throughout the flow.

C. The fluid moves in straight lines only.

D. The fluid flow is entirely dependent on temperature.

Answer: The fluid density remains constant throughout the flow. (B)

In compressible flow, the density of the fluid particles remains

relatively constant.
18. In what type of fluid flow do particles rotate about
their own axes during movement?

A. Rotational fluid flow

B. Constant flow

C. Streamlined flow

D. Irrotational fluid flow

Answer: Rotational fluid flow (A)

Rotational fluid flow involves particles that rotate about their own
axis.

19. Which equation correctly represents one-dimensional

flow?

A. u = f(x, y), v = 0, w = 0

B. u = f(x), v = 0, w = 0

C. u = f1(x, y, z), v = f2(x, y, z), w = f3(x, y, z)

D. u = f(x, y), v = f(y), w = 0

Answer: u = f(x), v = 0, w = 0 (B)

In one-dimensional flow, the velocity vector depends on only one
spatial variable.
20. What distinguishes a two-dimensional fluid flow from a
one-dimensional flow?

A. Velocity is constant throughout the flow.

B. Velocity depends on one spatial coordinate.

C. Velocity depends on two spatial coordinates.

D. Particles do not rotate about their axes.

Answer: Velocity depends on two spatial coordinates. (C)

Two-dimensional flow involves velocity that depends on two spatial
coordinates.

21. What is a path line in fluid flow?

A. A theoretical line indicating current flow velocity.

B. A line indicating pressure changes at different points.

C. A line made by a single particle as it moves over time.

D. A representation of how many particles occupy a space.

Answer: A line made by a single particle as it moves over time. (C)

A path line shows the trajectory of a single particle during a flow
period.

22. How is an irrotational fluid flow defined?

A. Fluid density changes with temperature variations.

B. Particles do not rotate about their axes while flowing.

C. Flow is generated by external forces acting on it.

D. Particles rotate about their axes as they flow.

Answer: Particles do not rotate about their axes while flowing. (B)
In irrotational fluid flow, the particles do not have rotation about their
own axes.
23. Which characteristic best describes a three-
dimensional flow?

A. Velocity depends on time and two spatial coordinates.

B. Velocity is solely influenced by pressure gradients.

C. Velocity depends only on time and one spatial coordinate.

D. Velocity depends on time and three spatial coordinates.

Answer: Velocity depends on time and three spatial coordinates. (D)

Three-dimensional flow is characterized by velocity depending on
three coordinates.

24. What is the purpose of a streak line in fluid dynamics?

A. To measure the velocity of particles in the flow.

B. To indicate the historical path of a particle in the flow.

C. To show the line occupied by particles from specific origins at a

given moment.
D. To represent the pressure distribution in the flow field.

Answer: To show the line occupied by particles from specific origins

at a given moment. (C)
A streak line shows where all particles starting from a point currently
are located.
25. What happens to the potential energy of a fluid as it
flows from a higher elevation to a lower one?

A. It remains constant.

B. It decreases while kinetic energy increases.

C. It converts to pressure energy only.

D. It increases significantly.

Answer: It decreases while kinetic energy increases. (B)

As a fluid descends, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic
energy increases, maintaining constant total energy.

26. Newton's Second Law is described as which of the

following?

A. The resultant force acting on a system equals the rate at which the
momentum of the system is changing.
B. The total energy of a system is conserved.

C. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

D. The resultant force equals the mass times velocity.

Answer: The resultant force acting on a system equals the rate at

which the momentum of the system is changing. (A)
Newton's Second Law states that the resultant force on a system
equals the rate of change of momentum.
27. Which of the following best describes a continuity
equation in physics?

A. It describes the transport of a conserved quantity.

B. It focuses solely on energy conservation.

C. It applies only to electrical charge transport.

D. It measures the flow rate of a fluid.

Answer: It describes the transport of a conserved quantity. (A)

A continuity equation describes the transport of a conserved quantity
like mass, energy, momentum, etc.

28. What unit is used to express kinetic energy in the SI

system?

A. Pascal (Pa)

B. Meter per second (m/s)

C. Newton-meter (N-m) or Joule (J)

D. Kilogram (kg)

Answer: Newton-meter (N-m) or Joule (J) (C)

Kinetic energy is measured in Newton-meter (N-m) or Joule (J) in SI
Units.
29. What is the formula for calculating potential energy
based on mass and height above a datum plane?

A. Potential Energy = m/v

B. Potential Energy = Wz

C. Potential Energy = mgh

D. Potential Energy = v^2/2g

Answer: Potential Energy = Wz (B)

The potential energy is calculated using the formula Potential Energy
= Wz.

30. How is kinetic energy per unit weight defined?

A. Kinetic Energy = W(v^2/2g)

B. Kinetic Energy Weight = Wg/v

C. Kinetic Energy Weight = v^2/2g

D. Kinetic Energy = mg/v^2

Answer: Kinetic Energy Weight = v^2/2g (C)

Kinetic energy per unit weight is represented by Kinetic Energy

Weight = v^2/2g.

31. What term is used for potential energy per unit

weight?

A. Kinetic head

B. Velocity head

C. Elevation head

D. Pressure head

Answer: Elevation head (C)

Potential energy per unit weight is referred to as elevation head.
32. In fluid dynamics, which energy conversion takes place
as a fluid descends?

A. Kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy.

B. Total energy is lost.

C. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

D. Pressure energy is converted to potential energy.

Answer: Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. (C)

As a fluid descends, potential energy decreases and kinetic energy
increases, reflecting energy conversion.