Derivative
Derivative
Derivative
PART TWO
Differentiation(Derivatives)
& Integration
181
181
Chapter one
Rules of Differentiation
181
Chapter one
Rules of Differentiation
Average rate of change:
If the function : y = f(x) suppose small change in in the
independent variable x is ( x ) to become (x + x). the
change in dependent y is y to become (y + y)
Y = f(x) .......................................................... (1)
If x x + x , where x is a small
amount ,then
Y + y = f(x + x) .......................................... (2)
Then the amount of change subtract equ., (1) from equ., (2)
y = f(x + x) - f(x) ........................................... (3)
Then the average rate of change during the period (x) to
(x + x)
Divided the both sides by x
y f(x + x) - f(x)
= ....................................... (4)
x x
We con be illustrated graphically as:
181
(x+x, y + y) B
y
(x,y)
A C
x
x x (x + x)
Figure (1)
Solution
y
7 8
6 7
5 6 B y = 2
x = 2 5
4 4
3 A 3 A
2 2
B y = -1 1 x = 2
1
x
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure (2) Figure (3)
3- Graphe A (2 , 3) ؛B (6 , 3) in figure (4)
The change in x: is x = 4 - 2 = 2
The change in y: is y = 3 - 3 = 0
y 0
= = 0
x 4
the slope equal zero : the function is constant.
5
4 A B
y = 0
3 x = 4
2
1
X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Figure (4)
188
y
Lim = Lim [2x + x]
x 0 x x o
= 2x + 0 = 2x
dy
= 2x.
dx
y
Lim = Lim [6x 2 + 6x. x + 2(x) 2 ]
x 0 x x o
= 6x 2 + 6x(0) + 2(0) 2
dy
= 6x 2
dx
Rules of Derivatives:
1) y = x7 2) y = x10 3) y = x
111
1
4) y = 5) y = x
x4
Solution
- If y = xn then
dy
= n x n -1
dx
dy
1) y = x7 then = 7x 7-1 = 7x6
dx
dy
2) y = x10 then = 10x 10-1 = 10x9
dx
dy
3) y = x then = (1)x1-1 =1
dx
1 dy
4) y = then y = x -4 = - 4x -4-1 = -4x -5
x4 dx
dy 4
dx x5
5) y = x y = x 1/2 then
1 1
dy 1 2 1 1 - 2 1 1
= x x = 1
=
dx 2 2 2 x
2x 2
1( y=5 2) y = 100
111
Solution
dy
1 ( If y = 5 then o
dx
dy
2 ) If y = 100 then o
dx
= 15x 2 + 6x + 2
2) y = 2
- x2 + x
x3
111
y = 2x - 3 - x 2 + x 2
1
dy 1 1
= 2(-3)x - 3 -1 - (2)x 2 -1 + x 2
dx 2
1
-4 1
= - 6x - 2x + x 2
2
-6 1
= 4
2x
x 2 x
1 dy 1 de 1 dg
y dx e dx g dx
Note (3) : If y=e,g,h
Then:
1 dy 1 de 1 dg 1 dh
y dx e dx g dx h dx
Solution
1) y = (2x+1) (x2-3)
dy
= (2x + 1) (2x) + (x 2 - 3)(2)
dx
= 4x 2 + 2x + 2x 2 - 6
= 6x 2 + 2x - 6
Anther solution
dy
= (x + 1)(3x + 2)(2x) + (x + 1)(x 2 - 3)(3)
dx
+ (3x + 2)(x 2 - 3)(1)
= 2x(3x 2 + 5x + 2) + 3(x 3 + x 2 = 3x - 3)
+ (3x 3 + 2x 2 - 9x - 6)
= 6x 3 + 10x 2 + 4x + 3x 3 + 3x 2 - 9x - 9
+ 3x 3 + 2x 2 - 9x - 6
Solution
x 2 + 3x - 10
y=
x2
dy (x - 2)(2x + 3) - (x 2 + 3x - 10)(1)
=
dx ( x 2) 2
dy 2x 2 - x - 6 - x 2 - 3x + 10
=
dx ( x - 2) 2
x 2 - 4x + 4 (x - 2) 2
= = 1
( x - 2) 2 (x - 2) 2
x2 + 1
y=
x 3
111
Solution
x2 +1
y=
x 3
dy (x - 3)(2x) - (x 2 + 1)(1)
=
dx ( x 3) 2
dy 2x 2 - 6x - x 2 - 1
=
dx ( x - 3) 2
x 2 - 6x - 1
=
( x - 2) 2
Example: Find the first derivative of this function:
3x 2 5
y
3x 4 2
Solution
y
3x 4
2 6 x 3x 2 5 12 x 3
3x 2 4 2
18x 5 12 x 36 x 5 60 x 3
3x 4
2 2
18x 5 60 x 3 12 x
3x 4
2
2
dy dy dg
then: *
dx dg dx
Or
- If y = [g(x)]n , where n is a real number
dy dg
Then : = n [g(x)] n -1*
dx dx
= 2g * 3x 2
= 2(x 3 - 2) * 3x 2
= 6x 2 (x 3 - 2) = 6x 5 - 12x 2
Anther solution
y = (x3 - 2)2
dy
= .2(x 3 - 2) * 3x 2
dx
= 6x 5 - 12x 2
111
7(2 + x 2 ) 6 (2 + 6x - x 2 )
=
(3 x ) 8
Solution
We differentiate both sides of the equality with respect to
x . then:
d d(y 2 ) d(5)
(2x ) +
2
=
dx dx dx
dy
4 x + 2y 0
dx
dy
2y = - 4x
dx
dy - 4x - 2x
= =
dx 2y y
111
Note:
d 2 dy 2 dy
(y ) = *
dx dx dx
dy
= 2y *
dx
dy dy dy
6y (3 x 2 .3 y 2 + y 3 .6x) - 15x 2 - 3 +0=0
dx dx dx
dy
(6y + 9x 2 y 2 - 3) = 15x 2 - 6xy 3
dx
dy 15x 2 - 6xy 3
dx 6 y 9 x 2 y 2 3
3(5x 2 - 2xy 3 )
=
3(2y + 3x 2 y 2 - 1)
5x 2 - 2xy 3
=
2 y + 3x 2 y 2 - 1
dy 9 x 2 10 xy 2
dx 10 x 2 y 3 y 2
- Rule 9: The exponential rule:
- The exponential function:
111
Solution
3 + 5x 2 + 3
(a) y = 2e 2x
dy 3 2
= 2(6x 2 + 10x) . e 2x + 5x + 3
dx
= (12x 2+20x) –e 2x3+ 5x2+3
111
4 + 5x 3
(b) y 3 = (e 3x )
1
3x 4 + 5x 3
3
y = (e )
1
the Qubic root both sides
4 3
3 (3x + 5x )
y=e
5
x 4 + x3
3
y=e
5
dy (x 4 + x 3 )
= (4x 3 + 5x 2 ) e 3
dx
3
(c) y = (2x + 1) e 2x -3x
3-3x
Two functions (2x + 1) , e2x
dy dy dy
(first × second ) = (first) ( second) + (second) (first)
dx dx dx
dy
= (2x 1) * ( 6x 2 - 3)e 2x - 3x + e 2x - 3x * 2
3 3
dx
3 -3x 3 -3x
= (12x 3 - 6x + 6x 2 - 3)e 2x + 2e 2x
3 -3x
= e 2x (12x 3 + 6x 2 - 6x - 1)
4) Log m (m) = 1
Solution
(a) y = Logmx3
Suppose: z = x3
dy 1 dz
= . Log m e .
dx z dx
1
= 3
. Log m e . 3x 2
x
3
= Log m e
x
(b) y = Logm(x2+2)3
Z
Suppose: = (x2 + 2)3
118
dy 1 dz
= . Log m e.
dx z dx
1
= 2 3
. Log m e. 3(x 2 + 2) 2 . 2x
(x + 2)
6x
= . Log m e`
(x + 2) 3
2
Solution
dy 1
(a) y = Ln(x)
dx x
dy 1 1
(b) y = Ln(6x) = . (6) =
dx 6x x
dy 1 1
(c) y = Ln(100x) = .(100)
dx 100x x
(d) y = Ln (2x 3 + 5x - 4)
dy 1 6x 2 + 5
= 3 . (6x 2 + 5) = 3
dx 2x + 5x - 4 2x + 5x - 4
(a) y = 2x + 5 (b) y = x
(c) 6y = 5x3 + 3x2 + 4
Solution
(a) y = 2x + 5
dy dx 1
=2
dx dy 2
Anther solution
y = 2x + 5
y - 5
2x = y - 5 X =
2
dx 2(1) - (y - 5)(0) 2 1
= = =
dy (2) 2 4 2
(b) y = x
1
dy 2
- Calculate : y=x
dx
1
dy 1 1 1
x 2
1
dx 2 2 2 x
2x
dx dx 1
- Calculate : 2 x
dy dy dy
dx
(c) 6y = 5x3 + 3x2 + 4
111
dy
6 = 15x 2 + 6x 6
dx
dy 3(5x 2 + 2x) 5x 2 2 x
dx 6 2
dx 2
= 2
dy 5x + 2x
Solution
y = 5x3 + 3x2 + 10x + 8
111
dy
= 15x 2 + 6x + 10 First derivative
dx
d2y
= 30x + 6 Second derivative
dx 2
d3y Third derivative
= 30
dx 3
d4y Fourth derivative
=0
dx 4
dy
- The first derivative
dx
dy 2
= (6x - 5) e3x - 5x
dx
- Second derivative
d2y
= (6x - 5) (6x - 5)e3x - 5x e3x - 5x (6)
2 2
2
dx
e3x
2
5 x
6 * 5 6
2
e3x
2
5 x
36 x 2
60 x 25 6
e3x
2
5 x
36 x 2
60 x 31
(b) y = Ln(x)3
111
Solution
y 15x 4 6x 3 5x 2 12x 25
- The first derivative:
dy
y أو 60x 3 18x 2 10x 12
dx
- The second derivative:
d2y
y أو 2
180 x 2 36 x 10
dx
- The third derivative:
d3y
y أو 360 x 36
dx 3
Solution
y 4x 3 5 5x 2 10
111
dy
- The first derivative
dx
y 4 x 3 5 10 x 5 x 2 10 12 x 2
40 x 4 50 x 60 x 4 120 x 2
100 x 4 120 x 2 50 x
2
- The second derivative d y
dx 2
y 400x 3 240x 50
Exercises
a y 4 x 3 3 x 2 5 x 18
b y
5
3x 2 4 x
x3
c
y 5 x 2 x 2 1
(d) y = (2x - 1) ( 3x 2 + 1) (x + 2)
x 2 + 6x - 27
(e) y =
x 3
(x 2 + 3)(x - 1)
(f) y =
x2
(g) y = (5 x 3 + 2)8
6
3x 2 + 2)
(h) y =
x 1
(i) y = e 3x + 2
2
(j) y = e 5x +x
(k) y = Ln (5x 3 + 2x 2 + 4)
(a) y = x2 +1
(b) y = 23 x
(c) 5y = 2x5 + 5x2 + 3
111
(a) x2 + y2 = 9
(b) 1 x2 + xy - 3y2 = 0
(c) 1 (x - y)2 = 2xy2 + 5x2
(a) y = x2 + 5x + 8
(b) y = ex3
3
(c) y = x 3 + +5 x
x3
(d) y = Ln (x2 + 2x)
1. Y X 2 4 500 X
2
3X 2 2
2. Y
5X 1
3. Y e 3X 5X 7
2
1. Y 4X 4 X
3X
4
2. Y
2 3X
111
3. Y e 2 X 3
4. 4X 3 Y 2 9
4
5. Y 4 x 4 x
x
1). Y = 4 4 x3
2x2 5
2). Y 2
5 x 3
3x
3). Y = - 3x2 e-5x-2
5). Y
3 4x
6). Y = 23 - 2x 2 + 2 x
x
7). Y = 3 ( 4 x 4 - 6x)
6
1. The first derivative for the function: Y
X4
a) 8 X 5 b) 83 X c) 24 X 1
5
d) 2 X E) Otherwise ...........
118
2 X 6
d) 10e E) Otherwise ...........
3. The first derivative for the function:
3 X 2 12
Y 2
6 X
a) 4 X b) 14 X c) 3 X
d) 2X 5 E) Otherwise ...........
4. The first derivative for the function: Y 93 X 4
3
a) 16 X b) 20 X 3 c) 4 X 3
d) 45 X E) Otherwise ...........
5. The first derivative for the function:
Y 3X 2 4 5 2 X 3
a) 15 X 4 24 X 2 30 X b) 24 X 2 30 X
c) 30 X 4 24 X 2 30 X d) 12 X 4 18 X 3 54 X
E) Otherwise...........
6. The first derivative for the function:
Y 5 X2 6
5
a) X 6 b) 50 X X 6
2 10 2 9
c) 10 X X 2 6
9
d) Otherwise ...........