INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 19119

Second edition
2016-01-15

Geographic information — Services

Information géographique — Services

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Reference number
ISO 19119:2016(E)

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vi
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Conformance.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Claiming conformance....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2.3 Enterprise viewpoint.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.4 Computational viewpoint............................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.5 Information viewpoint...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.6 Service taxonomies.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.7 Engineering viewpoint...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.8 Technology viewpoint........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Terms and definitions and abbreviations................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.2 Abbreviations............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5 Notation.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.2 Conformance class................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.3 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Requirements class.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.4 Rules.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.5
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Identifiers..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.6 Conceptual schemas............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.7 Descriptions of conceptsoSIST ISO 19119:2016
................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.8 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/884a4f28-face-4116-841c-
Architecture patterns......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
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6 Overview of geographic services architecture....................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Purpose and justification................................................................................................................................................................ 9
6.2 Relationship to ISO 19101-1........................................................................................................................................................ 9
6.3 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP................................................................................ 10
6.4 Service abstraction............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
6.5 Interoperability.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.6 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications........................................ 14
7 Enterprise viewpoint: A context for services........................................................................................................................14
7.1 Enterprise viewpoint....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.2 Enterprise viewpoint service specifications............................................................................................................... 15
7.3 Examples of relevant standards............................................................................................................................................. 16
7.4 Example and tools.............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
8 Computational viewpoint: A basis for service interfaces and chaining....................................................17
8.1 Component and service interoperability and the computational viewpoint.................................. 17
8.2 Services, interfaces and operations.................................................................................................................................... 18
8.3 Computational viewpoint service specifications.................................................................................................... 19
8.3.1 Requirements class for computational viewpoint service specifications.................... 19
8.3.2 Service interfaces with operations................................................................................................................. 19
8.3.3 Service behaviour and constraints................................................................................................................. 21
8.4 Service chaining................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.4.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.4.2 Anatomy of a service chain................................................................................................................................... 24
8.4.3 Service chain modelling........................................................................................................................................... 25
8.4.4 Services organizer folder........................................................................................................................................ 27
8.4.5 Services to enable service chaining............................................................................................................... 27
8.4.6 Architecture patterns for service chaining............................................................................................. 28

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8.4.7 Variations on chaining patterns........................................................................................................................ 33

8.5 Service metadata................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
8.6 Simple service architecture........................................................................................................................................................ 34
8.7 Examples of relevant standards............................................................................................................................................. 35
8.8 Examples and tools: Service modelling with SoaML............................................................................................ 35
9 Information viewpoint: A basis for semantic interoperability..........................................................................35
9.1 Information model interoperability and the information viewpoint.................................................... 35
9.2 Information viewpoint Service specifications........................................................................................................... 36
10 Service taxonomies..........................................................................................................................................................................................39
10.1 Need for multiple service taxonomies.............................................................................................................................. 39
10.2 Service taxonomies and requirements............................................................................................................................. 40
10.3 Architectural reference model................................................................................................................................................. 40
10.4 Definition of the Architectural reference model...................................................................................................... 40
10.5 Uses of the Architectural reference model.................................................................................................................... 40
10.6 Overview of the Architectural reference model....................................................................................................... 41
10.6.1 Services and service interfaces......................................................................................................................... 41
10.6.2 Identifying services and service interfaces for geographic information....................... 42
10.7 Types of geographic information services.................................................................................................................... 42
10.7.1 Requirement for service taxonomy............................................................................................................... 42
10.7.2 Types of information technology services relevant to geographic information..... 42
10.7.3 Extension of service types for geographic information............................................................... 44
10.8 Geographic architecture services taxonomy............................................................................................................... 44
10.8.1 Geographic architecture services taxonomy requirements...................................................... 44
10.8.2 Geographic boundary/human interaction services........................................................................ 45
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10.8.3 Geographic model/information management services............................................................... 46
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10.8.4 Geographic workflow/task management services........................................................................... 47
10.8.5 Geographic processing services........................................................................................................................ 47
10.8.6 Geographic communication oSISTservices ISO 19119:2016 ........................................................................................................... 50
10.8.7 Geographic system management and
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/884a4f28-face-4116-841c- security services.............................................................. 50
10.9 ISO suite of International Standards in geographic
c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016 architecture services taxonomy.............. 51
10.10 Geographic service chaining validity................................................................................................................................. 51
10.11 User-perspective Lifecycle model for Services.......................................................................................................... 52
10.12 User-defined service taxonomies......................................................................................................................................... 53
10.13 Services organizer folder (SOF)............................................................................................................................................. 53
10.13.1 Grouping of services................................................................................................................................................... 53
10.13.2 Image exploitation SOF............................................................................................................................................ 53
10.13.3 Geographic data fusion SOF................................................................................................................................. 54
10.14 Semantic information models.................................................................................................................................................. 55
10.15 Examples of relevant standards............................................................................................................................................. 56
10.16 Examples and tools............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
11 Engineering viewpoint: A basis for distribution and communication patterns...............................57
11.1 Distribution transparencies and the engineering viewpoint........................................................................ 57
11.2 Distributing components using a multi-tier architecture model.............................................................. 58
11.3 Distribution transparencies....................................................................................................................................................... 61
11.4 Engineering viewpoint Service specifications........................................................................................................... 62
11.5 Multi-style SOA..................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
11.6 Relevant architectural styles..................................................................................................................................................... 63
11.6.1 Service-oriented architectures.......................................................................................................................... 63
11.6.2 Representational State Transfer (REST)................................................................................................... 64
11.6.3 Web 2.0................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
12 Technology viewpoint: A basis for cross platform interoperability.............................................................66
12.1 Infrastructure interoperability and the technology viewpoint................................................................... 66
12.2 Need for multiple platform-specific specifications............................................................................................... 67
12.3 Conformance between platform-neutral and platform-specific service specifications......... 67
12.4 From platform-neutral to platform-specific specifications............................................................................ 68
12.5 Technology objects............................................................................................................................................................................ 68

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12.6 Technology viewpoint service specifications............................................................................................................. 68

12.6.1 Requirements class for technology viewpoint..................................................................................... 68
12.6.2 Technology mappings................................................................................................................................................ 69
12.7 Architectural classification according to cloud computing service categories............................. 71
Annex A (normative) Conformance.....................................................................................................................................................................72
Annex B (informative) Example user scenarios......................................................................................................................................78
Annex C (informative) Principles for mapping to distributed computing platforms......................................81
Annex D (informative) Use case-based methodology.......................................................................................................................92
Annex E (informative) Example — Use case template......................................................................................................................95
Annex F (informative) Service modelling – SoaML..............................................................................................................................98
Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
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Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
(standards.iteh.ai)
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first oSISTedition (ISO 19119:2005), which has been technically
ISO 19119:2016
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 19119:2005/Amd 1:2008.
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Introduction
The widespread application of computers and use of geographic information systems (GIS) have led to
the increased analysis of geographic data within multiple disciplines. Based on advances in information
technology, society’s reliance on such data are growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being
shared, exchanged, and used for purposes other than their producers’ intended ones. GIS, remote
sensing, automated mapping and facilities management (AM/FM), Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI),
traffic analysis, geopositioning systems, and other technologies for Geographic Information (GI) are
entering a period of radical integration.
This International Standard provides a framework for platform neutral and platform specific
specification of services that can enable users to access, process and manage geographic data from a
variety of sources, potentially for various distributed computing platforms (DCPs).
— “a framework for platform neutral and platform specific specification of services” means that this
International Standard provides requirements for how services shall be specified in such a way
that one service can be specified independently of one or more underlying distributed computing
platforms. The framework provides requirements for a further mapping to specific platforms in
order to enable conformant platform specific specifications to ensure conforming and interoperable
service implementations.
— “access, process and manage” means that geodata users can query remote databases and control
remote processing resources and also take advantage of other distributed computing technologies,
such as software delivered to the user’s local environment from a remote environment for
temporary use; iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— “from a variety of sources” means that users will have access to data acquired in a variety of ways
(standards.iteh.ai)
and stored in a wide variety of relational and non-relational databases;
— “across a generic computing interface” oSIST ISO 19119:2016
means that ISO 19119 interfaces provide reliable communication
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between otherwise disparate software resources that are equipped to use these interfaces;
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— “within an open information technology environment” means that this International Standard
enables geoprocessing to take place outside of the closed environment of monolithic GIS, remote
sensing, and AM/FM systems that control and restrict database, user interface, network and data
manipulation functions;
— services shall be categorised according to a service taxonomy based on architectural areas and may
also be categorised according to a usage life cycle perspective, as well as according to domain specific
and user defined service taxonomies, providing support for publication and discovery of services.
The difference between this version of this International Standard and the previous ISO 19119:2005
version is the following:
This International Standard has defined a set of requirements and related abstract tests for the
specification of services according to enterprise, computational, information, engineering and
technology viewpoints. This International Standard has defined a set of requirements for categorizing
services according to service taxonomies. The service metadata has been moved to ISO 19115-1.
Service policies, service contracts including service level agreements (SLAs) are currently not specified
as part of this International Standard, as these are considered most relevant for service deployment
and service ownership, which is not currently a focus for this International Standard.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19119:2016(E)

Geographic information — Services

1 Scope
This International Standard defines requirements for how platform neutral and platform specific
specification of services shall be created, in order to allow for one service to be specified independently
of one or more underlying distributed computing platforms.
This International Standard defines requirements for a further mapping from platform neutral to
platform specific service specifications, in order to enable conformant and interoperable service
implementations.
This International Standard addresses the Meta:Service foundation of the ISO geographic information
reference model described in ISO 19101-1:2014, Clause 6 and Clause 8, respectively.
This International Standard defines how geographic services shall be categorised according to a
service taxonomy based on architectural areas and allows also for services to be categorised according
to a usage life cycle perspective, as well as according to domain specific and user defined service
taxonomies, providing support for easier publication and discovery of services.

2 Conformance iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

2.1 Claiming conformance(standards.iteh.ai)
Any product claiming conformance with oSISTtheISO
conformance
19119:2016 classes in this International Standard shall
pass all the associated requirements described in the abstract test suite given in Annex A.
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2.2 General
This International Standard defines six conformance classes shown in Table 1 to Table 6, matching the
six requirements classes described in Clause 7 to Clause 12. Any service claiming conformance to any
requirements class in this International Standard shall pass all of the tests listed in the corresponding
conformance class, which are described in detail in the abstract test suites in Annex A. Each test relates
to one or more specific requirements, which are explicitly indicated in the description of the test.

2.3 Enterprise viewpoint

The enterprise viewpoint conformance class is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 — Enterprise viewpoint conformance class

Conformance class /conf/enterpriseviewpoint
Requirements /req/enterpriseviewpoint (Table 11)
Tests All tests in A.2

2.4 Computational viewpoint

The computational viewpoint conformance class is shown in Table 2.

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Table 2 — Computational viewpoint conformance class

Conformance class /conf/computationalviewpoint
Dependency /conf/enterpriseviewpoint
Requirements /req/computationalviewpoint (Table 12)
Tests All tests in A.3

2.5 Information viewpoint

The information viewpoint conformance class is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 — Information viewpoint conformance class

Conformance class /conf/informationviewpoint
Dependency /conf/uml (2.4)
Requirements /req/informationviewpoint (Table 18)
Tests All tests in A.4

2.6 Service taxonomies

The service taxonomy conformance class is shown in Table 4.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Table 4 — Service taxonomies conformance class
Conformance class (standards.iteh.ai)
/conf/servicetaxonomies
Dependency /conf/uml (2.4)
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Requirementshttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/884a4f28-face-4116-841c-
/req/servicetaxonomies (Table 19)
Tests c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016
All tests in A.5

2.7 Engineering viewpoint

The engineering viewpoint conformance class is shown in Table 5.

Table 5 — Engineering viewpoint conformance class

Conformance class /conf/engineeringviewpoint
Dependency /conf/uml (2.4)
Requirements /req/engineeringviewpoint (Table 26)
Tests All tests in A.6

2.8 Technology viewpoint

The technology viewpoint conformance class is shown in Table 6.

Table 6 — Technology viewpoint conformance class

Conformance class /conf/technologyviewpoint
Dependency /conf/uml (2.4)
Requirements /req/technologyviewpoint (Table 27)
Tests All tests in A.7

NOTE The definition of an abstract test suite appears in ISO 19105.

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3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10746-1, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Overview — Part 1
ISO 19101-1:2014, Geographic information — Reference model — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
[SoaML] Service oriented architecture Modeling Language v 1.0.1, May 2012, OMG standard1)

4 Terms and definitions and abbreviations

4.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1.1
capability
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
real-world effect that a service (4.1.12) provider is able to provide to a service consumer
[SOURCE: SOA-RAF] (standards.iteh.ai)
4.1.2 oSIST ISO 19119:2016
computational viewpoint
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viewpoint (4.1.15) on an ODP system and its environment that enables distribution through functional
c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016
decomposition of the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.1.8)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑3:2015, 4.1.1.3]
4.1.3
distribution transparency
property of hiding from a particular user the potential behaviour of some parts of a distributed system
Note 1 to entry: Distribution transparencies enable complexities associated with system distribution to be
hidden from applications where they are irrelevant to their purpose.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑2:2009, 11.1.1]

4.1.4
engineering viewpoint
viewpoint (4.1.15) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the mechanisms and functions
required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑3:2009, 4.1.1.4]
4.1.5
enterprise viewpoint
viewpoint (4.1.15) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies
for that system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑3:2009, 4.1.1.1]

1) http://www.omg.org/spec/SoaML/1.0.1/

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4.1.6
entity
something that has separate and distinct existence and objective or conceptual reality
4.1.7
information viewpoint
viewpoint (4.1.15) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information
and information processing
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑3:2009, 4.1.1.2]
4.1.8
interface
named set of operations (4.1.10) that characterize the behaviour of an entity (4.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: See 8.2 for a discussion of interface.

4.1.9
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a
manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2009, 2121317]
4.1.10
operation
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specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
(standards.iteh.ai)
Note 1 to entry: An operation has a name and a list of parameters.

Note 2 to entry: See 8.2 for a discussion of operation.

oSIST ISO 19119:2016
4.1.11 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/884a4f28-face-4116-841c-
real world effect c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016
actual result of using a service (4.1.12), rather than merely the capability (4.1.1) offered by a service
provider
Note 1 to entry: See 8.3 for a discussion of service.

[SOURCE: OASIS RAF, 3.2.3]

4.1.12
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity (4.1.6) through interfaces (4.1.8)
4.1.13
service chain
sequence of services (4.1.12) where, for each adjacent pair of services, occurrence of the first action is
necessary for the occurrence of the second action
4.1.14
technology viewpoint
viewpoint (4.1.15) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the choice of technology
in that system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑3:2009, 4.1.1.5]

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4.1.15
viewpoint (on a system)
form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring rules, in
order to focus on particular concerns within a system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746‑2, 3.2.7]
4.1.16
workflow
automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are
passed from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules

4.2 Abbreviations
API Application Programming Interface

BPEL Business Process Execution Language

BPMN Business Process Modelling Notation

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture

CSL Conceptual schema language

DAG Directed Acyclic Graph

DCP
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Distributed Computing Platform

DEM
(standards.iteh.ai)
Digital Elevation Model

DTD Document type definitions oSIST ISO 19119:2016

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EJB Enterprise Java Beans c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016

ERP Enterprise Resource Planning

GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol

GFM General feature model

HTI Human Technology Interface

HTML Hypertext Markup language

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

IDL Interface Definition Language

IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol

INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe

IT Information Technology

J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition with EJB

JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity

OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

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OCL Object Constraint Language

ODBC Open Database Connectivity

ODMG Object Database Management Group

ODP Open Distributed Processing (see RM-ODP)

OGC Open Geospatial Consortium

OMG Object Management Group

ORB Object Request Broker

OWL Web Ontology Language

PaaS Platform as a Service

QoS Quality of Service

QVT Query/View/Transformation

REST Representational state transfer

RDF Resource Description Framework

RMI iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Remote Method Invocation

RM-ODP (standards.iteh.ai)
Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO/IEC 10746)

RPC Remote Procedure Call oSIST ISO 19119:2016

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SaaS Software as a Service c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016
SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure

SDAI Standard Data Access Interface (ISO 10303-22)

SOA Service Oriented Architecture

SoaML Service oriented architecture Modelling Language (OMG)

SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol

SOF Service Organizer Folder

SPS Spatial Planning Service

SQL Structured Query Language

UML Unified Modeling Language

URI Uniform Resource Identifier

W3C World Wide Web Consortium

WFS Web Feature Service

WMS Web Map Service

XML Extensible Markup Language

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XML RDF XML Resource Description Framework

XSLT XML Stylesheet Language Transformations

Concepts from schemas defined in some other International Standards are designated with names that
start with bi-alpha codes as follows:
TM ISO 19108:2002 Temporal Schema, Temporal Objects

5 Notation

5.1 General
This International Standard describes how to describe a service. In addition to stating the rules for
creating service descriptions, this International Standard provides guidance through examples.

5.2 Conformance class

Conformance to this International Standard is possible at a number of levels, specified by conformance
classes (Clause 2). Each conformance class is summarized using the template shown as Table 7.

Table 7 — Conformance class template

Conformance class
iTeh STANDARD /conf/{classM}
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Dependency [identifier for another conformance class]
Requirements
(standards.iteh.ai)
/req/{classA}
Tests oSIST ISO[reference
19119:2016 to clause(s) containing tests]
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All tests in a class shall be passed, c97fa840d64d/osist-iso-19119-2016
so dependencies are on other conformance classes (see Resolution 570
of ISO/TC 211, N3262). Each conformance class tests conformance to a set of requirements packaged in
a requirements class (Clause 7 and Clause 8).

5.3 Requirements class

Each normative statement (requirement or recommendation) in this International Standard forms part
of a specific requirements class. In this International Standard, each requirements class is described in
a discrete clause or subclause and summarized using the template shown as Table 8.

Table 8 — Requirements class template

Requirements class /req/{classM}
Target type [artefact or technology type]
Dependency [identifier for another requirements class]
Requirement /req/{classM}/{reqN}
Recommendation /req/{classM}/{recO}
Requirement /req/{classM}/{reqP}
Requirement /Recommendation [repeat as necessary]

All requirements in a class shall be satisfied, so the requirements class is the unit of re-use and
dependency. Hence, the value of a Dependency requirement is another requirements class.

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