PresentationORBIT 1

THE ORBIT
1. IT IS FORMED FROM THE MESENCHYME THAT ENCIRCLES OPTIC VESICLE AT 6TH WEEK
OF IUL
2. 2. EACH ORBIT IS FORMED BY 7 BONES FRONTAL , ETHMOID , SPHENOID , LACRIMAL ,
ZYGOMATIC , MAXILLA ,PALATINE
3. IT IS QUADRANGULAR TRUNCATED PYRAMID 9 B/W ANT CRANIAL FOSSA AND
MAXILLARY SINUS
HEADINGS:
• 1. MEDIAL WALL
• 2. LATERAL WALL
• 3. ROOF
• 4.FLOOR
• 5.APEX
• 6.BASE
MEDIAL WALL
• 1. FORMED BY FONTALPROCESS OF MAXILLA + LACRIMAL BONE+
ORBITAL PLATE OF ETHMOID + BODY OF SPHENOID
• 2. ANT PART OF MEDIAL WALL HAS LACRIMAL SAC FOSSA WHICH
CONTINUES IN NASO LACRIMAL CANAL
• 3.MEDIAL TO LACRIMAL FOSSA LIES ANT ETHMOIDAL SINUSES AND
MIDDLE MEATUS
• 4.JUST BEHIND POST LACRIMAL CREST :
HORNERS MUSCLE , SEPTUM ORBITALE , CHECK LIGAMENT OF MEDIAL
RECTUS HAVE THE ATTACHMENT
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF MEDIAL WALL
• 1.IT IS THINNESTWALL OF ORBIT (LAMINA PAPRECEA)
• 2. ETHMOIDITIS BEING COMMONEST CAUE OF ORBITAL CELLULITIS
• 3.EASILY #ED DURING INJURIES AND ORBITOTOMY
• 4. DURING SX ALONG THIS WALL HEMORRHAGE IS DANGEROUS DUE
TO INJURY TO ETHMOIDAL VESSELS
• 5. MEDIAL WALL ISFREQUENTLY ERRODED BY CYSTS , INFLAMMATIN ,
NEOPLASMS THAT ORIGINATE IN ADJACENT AIR CELLS
FLOOR OF ORBIT
• 1. TRIANGULAR , FORMED BY 3 BONES MAXILLARY BONE+ ORBITA
SURFACE OF ZYGOMATIC + PALATIE BONE
• 2.POST PART OF FLOOR IS SEPARATED BY LATERAL WALL BY INF
ORBITAL FISSURE . THIS FISSURE CONTINUES ANTERIORLY WITH
INFRA ORBITAL GROOVE WHICH EXTENDS ANT AS CANAL
• 3 THIS CANAL OPENS AT INFRA ORBITAL FORAMEN AND TRANSMITS
INFRA ORBITAL ARTERY , VEIN AND NERVE
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF FLOOR
• COMMONLY INVOLVEDIN BLOWOUT #S
• CAN BE BEST VISUALIZED WITH POST ANT RADIOGRAPHS
LATERAL WALL
• 1. THICKEST AND STRONGEST , TRIANGULAR IN SHAPE
• 2. FORMED BY = ZYGOMATIC BONE ANTERIORLY + GREATER WING
SPHENOID POSTERIORLY
• 3. SMALL BONY PROJECTION IS PRESENT ON POST PART OD LATERAL
WALL SPINA RECTI LATERALIS WHICH GIVES RISE TOO A PART OF
LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE
• 4. MORE ANTERIORLY BELOW FRONTOZYGOMATIC SUTURES A
PROJECTION CALLED LATERAL ORITAL TUBERCLE OF WHITNALL
GIVES ATTACHMENT TO CHECK LIGAMENT OF LATERAL RECTUS ,
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS , LATERAL PALPEBRAL LIGAMENT ,
APONEUROSIS OF LEVATOR MUSCLE .
• 1. POSTERIORLY LATERAL WALL IS SEPARATED FROM ROOF BY
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE AND FLOOR BY INF ORBITAL FISSURE
• 2. LAT WALL PROTECTSONLY POST HALF OF EYEBALL , ANT HALF OF
GLOBE IS NOT COVERED BY BONE ON LAT SIDE SO , PALPATION OF
RETROBULBAR TUMOR IS EASIER FROM LATERAL SIDE
• 3. LAT WALL IS ALMOST DEVOID OF FORAMIA SOITS ANT PORTION
CAN BE APPROACHED WITHOUT SERIOUS HAEMORRHAGE.
ROOF
• 1. TRIANGULAR IN SHAPE
• 2. FORMED BY ORBITAL PLATE OF FRONTAL BONE+ LESSER WINGOF
SPHENOID AT THE APEX
• 3. ANT LAT PART HAS A DEPRESSION FOR FOSSA FOR LACRIMAL
GLAND
• 4. TROCHLEAR FOSSA IS A SMALL DEPRESSION SITUATED CLOSE TO
ORBITAL MARGIN ( PULLEY FOR SUPERIOR OBLIQUE)
• 5.ROOFIS RELATED TO FRONTAL LOBE OF CEREBRUM AND MENINGES
AND ALSO FRONTAL SINUSES
BASE
• 1. THE ANT OPEN END OF THE ORBIT IS REFERRED TO AS BASE OF THE
ORBIT . IT IS BOUNDED BY ORBITAL MARGINS.
• 2. SUP ORBITAL MARGIN = ORBITAL ARCH OF FRONTAL BONE
• 3.LAT ORBITAL MARGIN = ZYGOMATIC PROCESS OF FRONTAL BONE +
ZYGOMATIC BONE
• 4. INF ORBITAL MARGIN = ZYGOMATIC BONE + MAXILLA
• 5. MEDIAL ORBITAL MARGIN= ANT LACRIMAL CREST ON FRONTAL
PROCESS OF MAXILLA + POST LACRIMAL CREST
APEX
• IT IS THE POST END OF THE ORBIT . HERE 4 ORBITAL WALLS
CONVERGE TO FORM APEX
• 1. APEX HAS 2 ORIFICES = OPTIC CANAL AND SUP ORBITAL FISSURE ,
BOTH OF WHICH ARE SITUATED IN SPHENOID BONE
• 2. AT ORBITAL APEX JUST BELOW OPTIC CANAL INF ORBITAL FISSURE
JOINS SUP ORBITALFISSURE AND CONTIGOUS AS FORAMEN
ROTENDUM
OPTIC CANAL
• IT CONNECTS ORBIT TO IDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA . IT TRANSMITS OPTIC
NERVE AND OPTHALMIC ARTERY
SUP ORBITAL FISSURE
• 1. COMMA SHAPED ,BOUNDED BY LESSER AND GREATE WINGS OF
SPHENOID . SITUATED LATERAL TO OPTIC FORAMEN AT APEX
• 2.
INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
• LIES JUST BELOW SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISURE B/W LAT WALL AND
FLOOR OF ORBIT.
• IT TRANSMITS INFRAORBITAL BRANCH AND ZYGOMATIC BRANCH OF
MAXILLARY DIVISION OF 5TH NERVE , ORBITAL BRANCH OF
PTERIGOPALATINE GANGLION , INF OPTHALMIC VEIN
PERIORBITA
• IT REFERS TO PEROSTIUM LINING THE SURFACE OF BONES OF ORBIT
• GENERALLY IT IS LOOSELY ADHERENT TO BONE .
• AT ORBITAL MARGIN IT IS FIRMLY ADHERENT TO FORM ARCUS
MARGINALE, TRAUMA AT THIS AREA MAY LEAD TO CSF LEAKAGE
• AT APEX PERIORBITA IS THICKENED TO FORM ANNULUS
FASCIA BULBI
• AKA TENONS CAPSULE , DENSE ELASTIC AND VASCULAR CONNECTVE
TISSUE THAT ENVELOPES GLOBE FROM LIMBUS TO OPTIC DISC
• LIES IN CLOSE CONTACT WITH SCLERA
• IT IS SEPARATED FROM SCLERA BY EPISCLERAL SPACE ( SUB TENONS
SPACE )
FASCIAL EXPANSIONS OF EOM
• 1. FASCIAL EXPANSIONS OF LATERAL AND MEDIAL RECTUS MUSCLES ARE
STRONG AND ATTACHED TO ORBITAL TUBERCLE ON ZYGOMATIC BONE N
LACRIMAL BONE AKA CHECK LIGAMENTS
• 2. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF LOCKWOOD , SLING LIKE SHEATH

EXTENDING FROM POST LACRIMAL CREST TO LAT ORBITALTUBERCLE ON
WHICH EYBALL RESTS .
• 3. SUP TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF WHITNALL =
THICKENED BAND OF ORBITAL FASCIA WHICH EXTENDS FROM TROCHLEAR
PULLEY TO LACRIMAL GLNDS AND ITS FOSSA . FORMS TRE CHECK LIGAMENT
OF LEVATOR MUSCLE.
SURGICAL SPACES
• 1 SUBPERIOSTEAL SPACE
• 2 PERIPHERAL ORBITAL SPACE
• 3 CENTRAL SPACE
• 4SUB TENONS SPACE

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THE ORBIT

• 2. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF LOCKWOOD , SLING LIKE SHEATH

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