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    Presentation, Skull, by DR Iram Iqbal

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    The document provides details on the bones that make up the skull (cranium), including their individual features and patterns of ossification. It describes each bone's location, borders, processes, fossae, and other anatomical structures. Key bones discussed are the frontal, parietal, occipital, maxilla, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid, palatine and zygomatic bones. Clinical deformities resulting from premature fusion of skull sutures are also briefly mentioned.

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    Presentation, Skull, by DR Iram Iqbal

    Uploaded by

    immmi
    1K views68 pages
    The document provides details on the bones that make up the skull (cranium), including their individual features and patterns of ossification. It describes each bone's location, borders, processes, fossae, and other anatomical structures. Key bones discussed are the frontal, parietal, occipital, maxilla, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid, palatine and zygomatic bones. Clinical deformities resulting from premature fusion of skull sutures are also briefly mentioned.

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    Presentation ,Skull,By Dr Iram Iqbal

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    The document provides details on the bones that make up the skull (cranium), including their individual features and patterns of ossification. It describes each bone's location, borders, processes, fossae, and other anatomical structures. Key bones discussed are the frontal, parietal, occipital, maxilla, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid, palatine and zygomatic bones. Clinical deformities resulting from premature fusion of skull sutures are also briefly mentioned.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views68 pages

    Presentation, Skull, by DR Iram Iqbal

    Uploaded by

    immmi
    The document provides details on the bones that make up the skull (cranium), including their individual features and patterns of ossification. It describes each bone's location, borders, processes, fossae, and other anatomical structures. Key bones discussed are the frontal, parietal, occipital, maxilla, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid, palatine and zygomatic bones. Clinical deformities resulting from premature fusion of skull sutures are also briefly mentioned.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 68

    Osteology

    Cranium
    Dr Iram Iqbal
    sequence
    • Skull,
    • Cranium
    • Anatomical position of skull
    • Norma verticalis
    • Norma Frontalis
    • Norma occipitalis
    • Norma Lateralis
    • Temporal, infra temporal, &Pterygopalatine fosses
    • Norma basali
    • Cranial fossae
    • Individual bones of skull
    • Muscle attachments
    • Clinical note
    • conclusion
    skull
    The skull is the bony skeletal of the head.
    It shield the brain ,the organ of special
    sense and the cranial part of the
    respiratory and digestive system and
    providing attachments for many of the
    muscles of the head and neck.
    Composed of 28 bones
    Skull is divided in to 2 main parts
    – Calvaria (brain box)
    – Fascial skeleton (rest of skull including
    mandible)
    Cranium
    • Skull without mandible is called cranium
    it is divided into
    – Neurocranium or cranial vault
    • Enclosing brain ,meninges, csf

    – Viscerocranium or fascial skeleton


    • Houses the organs of special sense
    Anatomical
    position of skull
    Reid's base line
    • Reid's base line . It is
    defined as a line drawn
    from the inferior margin
    of the orbit to the
    auricular point (center
    of the orifice of the
    external acoustic
    meatus) and extending
    backward to the center
    of the occipital bone
    • skull is the Frankfurt plane , where the
    lower margins of the orbits and the
    upper borders of the ear canal s are all
    in a horizontal plane. ...also called
     eye-ear plane, Frankfort horizontal,
    Frankfort plane
    NORMA VERTICALIS

    • CORONAL SUTURE

    • SAGITAL SUTURE

    • LAMBDOID SUTURE

    • BREGMA

    • LAMBDA
    NORMA FRONTALIS
    • ORBITAL
    OPENING

    • ANTERIOR
    NASAL
    APERTURE
    ORBITAL OPENING
    ORBIT
    ROOF
    • Lecrimal fossa
    • Optic canal
    MEDIAL WALL
    • Lecrimal groove
    • Forms the lateral wall of ethmoidal sinus
    • Lecrimal crest
    • Orbital plate of ethmoid
    ORBIT

    FLOOR LATERAL WALL


    •Formed by greater wing of
    • Inferior orbital fissure
    sphenoid
    • Infra orbital groove • frontal process of zeugmatic
    • Infra orbital foramen bone
    •Superior orbital fissure
    BOUNDRIES
    CONTENTS
    • Eye boll
    • Muscles
    • Vessels
    • Nerves
    • Lecrimal apparatus
    ANTERIOR NASAL
    APERTURE
    NORMA OCCIPITALIS
    • External occipital protuberance
    • Inion
    • Superior nuchal line
    NORMA LATERALIS
    TEMPORAL FOSSA
    • Boundaries
    • Pterion
    ZYGOMATIC ARCH
    • Formation
    • Roots of arch
    • Tubercle of zygoma
    • Supra mastoid crest
    NORMA LATERALIS
    EXTERNAL
    ACOUSTIC
    MEATUS
    • Upper margin
    formed by
    squamous part
    of temporal
    bone
    • Tympanic part
    • Supra meatal
    triangle
    MASTOID PART
    • Parietomastoid suture
    • Occipitomastoid suture
    • Asterion
    • STYLOID PROCESS

    • INFRATEMPORAL
    FOSSA
    – Anterior
    Maxilla

    - Medial
    Lateral Pterygoid plate
    ROOF
    • Greater wing of
    sphenoid
    • Squamous temporal
    of bone
    Laterally
    Ramus of mandible
    Posteriorly
    Styloid process
    It has no anatomical
    floor
    INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
    COMMUNICATIONS
    • Temporal fossa
    • Orbit
    • Pterygopalatine
    fossa
    CONTENTS
    • Maxillary nerve
    • Maxillary artery
    • Pterygopalatine
    ganglion
    PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
    COMMUNICATIONS
    – (laterally)
    Infratemporal fossa
    – (Medial wall)
    Nasal cavity by
    sphenopalatine
    foramen
    – (Above)
    Orbit by infraorbital
    fissure
    • Posterior wall has 3
    openings
    • (Upper)
    Foramen rotundum
    • (Below)
    Pterygoid cannal
    • (posterior wall)
    Sphenopalatine foramen
    CONTENTS OF CONTENTS OF
    SUPERIOR INFERIOR
    ORBITAL ORBITAL
    FISSURE FISSURE
    • Branch of • Infraorbital nerve
    ophthalmic artery &Vessels
    • Occulomotor nerve • Zygomatic nerve
    • Trochlear nerve • Branches from
    • Abducent nerve Pterygopalatine
    • Lecrimal nerve ganglion
    • Frontal nerve
    • Nasociliary nerve
    • Ophthalmic veins
    NORMA BASALIS
    EXTENT
    • From incisor teeth
    back to superior
    nuchal lines
    LATERRALLY
    • Teeth
    • Zygomatic arch
    • Mastoid process
    ANTERIOR PART
    MIDDLE PART
    POSTERIOR PART
    POSTERIOR PART

    • Hypoglossal canal
    • Condylar fossa
    • Occipital condayl
    • Condylar canal
    • Stylomastoid
    foramen
    • External occipital
    crest
    • Inferior nuchal line
    ANTERIOR CRANIAL
    FOSSSA
    MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
    POSTERIOR CRANIAL
    FOSSA
    Frontal bone
    • Half a shallow
    irregular cap
    forming forehead
    • It has
    – 3 parts
    • Squamous (Main part)
    • Nasal
    • Orbital
    • Zygomatic process
    – 2 cavities
    • Frontal sinus
    Ossification
    • It ossified in fibrous mesenchyme from 2
    primary centers
    • Appear in 8th wk in utero near each frontal
    tuber
    • Secondary center for nasal spine appear
    about 10th year
    • At birth it has 2 halves
    • Median suture disappears at about 8th year
    • May persist as Metopic suture
    Parietal bone

    • 2 bones form most of


    cranial roof and side of
    the skull
    • Irregular quadrilateral
    • & it has
    • 2 surfaces
    • 4 borders
    • 4 angles
    Ossification
    • Each parietal bone ossified from 2
    centres which appear in dense
    mesenchyme near the tuberosity,one
    above the other at about the 7th wk in
    utero.
    • Angles are the last part to ossified &
    fontanelles occur at these sites
    • At birth temporal lines are low down
    • Reach at their final position after the
    eruption of molar teeth.
    Occipital bone
    • Unpaired lies in
    posterior part of skull
    • Pierced by foramen
    magnum
    • It has 3 parts
    – Squamous part
    – Basilar part
    – Condylar part
    • Occipital condyles
    • Hypoglossal &post
    Condylar canal. jugular
    process ,fossa
    &foramen, mastoid
    canaliculus ,canaliculus
    for tympanic n.
    Occipital bone
    Ossification
    Maxilla
    • 2nd Largest of facial bone
    • It has
    – Body (4 surfaces)
    – Maxillary air sinus
    • Ant surface
    • Infratemporal ( Jugal crest ,alveolar canals, pos sup alveolar
    n&v)
    • Orbital (canalis sinuosus ,ant sup alveolar n)
    • Nasal
    – 4 processes
    • frontal
    • zyomatic
    • Alveolar
    • palatine
    Maxilla
    Ossification
    • From a single center in a sheet of
    mesenchyme.
    • Appear above the canine fossa at about
    the 6th wk in utero and spread to rest of
    maxilla and its processes.
    • The maxillary sinus appear as a shallow
    groove on the nasal aspect at about the 4th
    month in utero. (though small at birth)
    • After birth it enlarge with growing maxilla
    • Fully developed following the eruption of
    the permanent teeth.
    Zygomatic bone
    • 2 processes . 5 borders
    • 3 surfaces . Whitnall,s tubercle
    OSSIFICATION
    • From one center
    • Appears in fibrous tissues about the
    8th wk in utero
    • Sphenoid
    • Unpaired ,it forms
    middle part of base of
    skull
    • Extend into Lateral
    wall of the vault & into
    orbit
    • It has
    – Body(5 surfaces)
    – Rt & Lt greater
    wings(3 surfaces)
    – Rt &Lt lesser wings
    – Rt & Lt Pterygoid
    processes
    sphenoid
    Ossification
    • Until the 7th to 8th month in utero the
    sphenoidal body has a presphenoidal part, ant
    to the tuberculum sellae with which the lesser
    wing was continuous .
    • Postsphenoidal part consisting of sella turcica
    ,dorsum sallae, greater wing and Pterygoid
    process.
    • Much of the bone preformed in cartilage.
    • 6 ossification centres for presphenoidal
    • 8 for postsphenoidal
    Temporal bone
    Temporal bone
    Temporal bone
    Ethmoid bone
    Inferior nasal concha &VOMER
    Ossification
    • Ethmoidal bone ossifies in the
    cartilaginous nasal capsule from 3
    centres .1 for perpendicular plate,1 in
    each labyrinth. later 2 appear In the
    orbital plates b/e 4th and 5th month in
    utero.
    • Inferior nasal concha ossifies from 1
    centre which appear at about the 5th
    month in utero.
    Palatine bone
    ossification
    • Palatine bone ossifies in the
    mesenchyme from 1 centre in the
    perpendicular plate that appear during
    8th wk in utero
    Clinical note
    • SCAPHOCEPHALY

    • PLAGIOCEPHALY

    • OXYCEPHALY

    • TRIGONOCEPHALY

    • PAN SYNOSTISIS
    SCAPHOCEPHALY

    Premature
    closure of
    sagittal suture.
    PLAGIOCEPHALY

    Premature closure
    of coronal suture
    on one side.
    REFERANCES
    • GRAY’S ANATOMY 40th edition

    • GOOGLE Chrome
    ?

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