Lab Report 3

Report Lab 3: DETERMINING THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A FLYWHEEL AND THE FRICTION FORCE OF
ROTARY BEARINGS
Class: CC09 Group: 2A Lecturer’s comment

1) Trần Nguyễn Thanh Phương - ID: 2453036
2) Bùi Thế Quang Minh - ID: 2452732
3) Lê Trung Nguyễn - ID: 2452867
4) Nguyễn Võ Khánh Vinh - ID: 2453427
OBJECTIVE:
Investigate the relationship between linear and angular motion
Determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel and using it to verify Newton’s laws
A: THEORY
I. SUMMARY OF THEORY:
The flywheel consists of a heavy circular disc/massive wheel fitted with a strong axle projecting on either
side. The axle is mounted on ball bearings on two fixed supports. There is a small peg on the axle. One
end of a cord is loosely looped around the peg and the other end carries the weight-hanger.
Because the rotational inertia I is defined via the counterpart of Newton's Second Law as it applies to
rotating bodies, then
I =¿ t∨ ¿ ¿
¿ a∨¿ ¿
a⃗
where a⃗ is the angular acceleration which is equal to and t⃗ is the torque caused by the weight hanging
r
from the thread which its wrapped around the axle (step pulley).
From Newtonian mechanics, we remember t⃗ =⃗r × ⃗

F , so we find |t | = ¿ r ∨×∨F∨¿
Where r is the radius of the step pulley about which the threads is wound and T is the tension in the
thread when the apparatus is rotating.
Applying Newton's Second Law for the hanging mass m gives
∑ ⃗F =m⃗g−T =m⃗a
The analogous relation of Newton's law for rotational acceleration is ∑ t=Ia , where ∑ t is the
resultant of external torques acting on the body about the axis of rotation, a is the angular acceleration
and I is the moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation.
In an analogous manner, the kinetic energy of a body of moment of inertia I and having an angular
acceleration ω is given by
1
K= Iω 2
2
The relationship between the angular velocity a and the linear velocity v is:
v=ωr
Where:
v: linear velocity at a point on the rotating object(in m/s)
ω: angular velocity of the object (in rad/s)
r: distance of the point from the center of rotation (in m)
The torque acting on the flywheel due to tension I in the string is given by t=rT . If T1 is the torque due
to the frictional forces acting on the flywheel and if a is the angular acceleration of the flywheel, then
T −T 1 ¿ Ia
The linear acceleration can be determined by measuring the time taken by the mass m to fall from
rest through a distance . In such case, , because the initial velocity is zero. Thus,
. Therefore, and
with d = 2r.
When the mass m descends through a height h1, the loss in potential energy is
The work done in overcoming the friction of the bearings supporting the flywheel assembly is
.
Therefore, from the law of conservation of energy we get:
On substituting the values, we get

When the weight m reaches the lowest position, the flywheel continues to rotate due to the inertia and
makes the cord scrolled up and wraps itself around the axle. The weight m lifts till position of the height
h2, where it going to stop and fall again. The height h2 < h1. AT that position, the potential energy of the
system is mgh2. The reduction of the potential of the system in the moving process has a total length
(h1 + h2) right by the work done to overcome the friction of two supporting bearings:
So that: .
Therefore
II. CALCULATION FORMULA
Friction force of ball bearings:
Moment of inertia:
III. ERROR FORMULA
IV: APPARATUS
• Experimental equipment MC - 965 (cylindrical flywheel and its axle mounted on a frame supporting by
rotary bearings, weight hanger, slotted weights, fine cord, infrared photogate, and control box)
• Meter stick 1000 mm, accuracy 1 mm
• Vernier caliper 0 ÷ 150 mm, accuracy 0.02 mm
• Technical balance, accuracy 1 g

• Versatile chronometer, accuracy 0.01 - 0.001 sec.
V: PROCEDURES
1) Using technical balance to measure the mass of the weight:
a) Adjust three beam to make the scale is balance at 0.
b) Put the weight on the plate.
c) Adjust three beam until the point of the scale is at 0 value.
2) Using Vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the axle.
3) Measuring the falling time t and the height h1, h2:
a) Press the knob "3" of the control box to release the brake lining of the flywheel.
The flywheel rotates and rolls the cord gradually around the axle. Hold the weight m standing at its
lowest position B. Using meter stick to measure the lowest point Z_B
b) Rotate the flywheel M to let cord, which hanging the weight m, wrapping around to axle with closed
layer until the weight reaches the highest point. Press the knob "F" of the control box to brake the wheel
stationary in the position A. Using
meter stick to measure the highest point Z_A. Calculate the initial height h1 = ZA
- ZB.
c) Press the knob "1" and "2" respectively. Read the time falling from the point A to the point B of the
weight in the versatile chronometer MC-963. After that, the weight m continues going upward. When
the weight reach the maximum height C, press the knob "P" of the control box to brake the wheel. Using
the meter stick to measure C of the position C. Calculate the value of h2 following the
equation: h2 = Zc - ZB.
d) Press the knob "RESET" on the versatile chronometer MC-963. Press the knob
"3" of the control box to release the weight downward to the lowest position B.
e) Repeat the measurement 5 times.
B: DATA TABLE:
Initial height h1: h1=………….±………….. (mm); Accuracy of meter stick:……... (mm)

- Mass of the weight m: m =……….±……….(g); Accuracy of technical balance:.......... (g)
Accuracy of Venier caliper: …………………………(mm); Accuracy of chronometer:………..(s)
d Δd t Δt h2 Δh2
(mm) (mm) (sec) (sec) (mm) (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
Avg.
Calculating the absolute errors of the measurement:
VI. Answer the questions

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Report Lab 3: DETERMINING THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A FLYWHEEL AND THE FRICTION FORCE OF

Class: CC09 Group: 2A Lecturer’s comment

Investigate the relationship between linear and angular motion

From Newtonian mechanics, we remember t⃗ =⃗r × ⃗

Applying Newton's Second Law for the hanging mass m gives

v: linear velocity at a point on the rotating object(in m/s)

ω: angular velocity of the object (in rad/s)

r: distance of the point from the center of rotation (in m)

Therefore, from the law of conservation of energy we get:

On substituting the values, we get

II. CALCULATION FORMULA

Friction force of ball bearings:

III. ERROR FORMULA

• Meter stick 1000 mm, accuracy 1 mm

• Vernier caliper 0 ÷ 150 mm, accuracy 0.02 mm

• Technical balance, accuracy 1 g

1) Using technical balance to measure the mass of the weight:

a) Adjust three beam to make the scale is balance at 0.

b) Put the weight on the plate.

c) Adjust three beam until the point of the scale is at 0 value.

2) Using Vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the axle.

3) Measuring the falling time t and the height h1, h2:

e) Repeat the measurement 5 times.

Initial height h1: h1=………….±………….. (mm); Accuracy of meter stick:……... (mm)

Calculating the absolute errors of the measurement:

VI. Answer the questions

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