1.

A projectile is launched from point O at an angle of 22°

with an initial velocity of 15 m/s up an incline plane that

makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal.

The projectile hits the incline plane at point M.

a) Find the time it takes for the projectile to hit the incline plane.

b) Find the distance OM.

Answer:

a) The x and y components of the displacement are given by

x = V0 cos(θ) t y = V0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t2

with θ = 22 + 10 = 32° and V0 = 15 m/s

The relationship between the coordinate x and y on the incline is given by

tan(10°) = y / x

Substitute x and y by their expressions above to obtain

tan(10°) = ( V0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t2) / V0 cos(θ) t

Simplify to obtain the equation in t

(1/2) g t + V0 cos(θ) tan(10°) - V0 sin(θ) = 0

Solve for t

t=

V0 sin(θ) - V0 cos(θ) tan(10°)

0.5 g

=
15 sin(32°) - 15 cos(32°) tan(10°)

0.5 (9.8)

= 1.16 s

b)

OM = √[ (V 0 cos(θ) t) 2 + ( V 0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t 2 ) 2 ]

OM (t=1.16)= √[ (15 cos(32) 1.16) 2 + ( 15 sin(32) 1.16 - (1/2) 9.8 (1.16) 2 ) 2 ] = 15 meters

2. Water flows at 0.65 m/s through a 3-cm diameter hose. At the end of the hose is a 0.30-cm-
diameter nozzle. If the pump at one end of the hose and the nozzle at the other end are at the same
height, and if the pressure at the nozzle is 1 atm, what is the pressure at the pump

Answer:
a) The speed is 65 m/s
b) The pressure at the pump outlet is 21.85 atm
Explanation:
a) The speed the water pass through the nozzle is:

Where
v₁ = 0.65 m/s
d₁ = 3 cm = 0.03 m
d₂ = 0.3 cm = 0.003 m

b) The pressure at the pump outlet is:

3. The 2-kg block slides down a frictionless curved ramp, starting from rest at a height of 3 m. What
is the speed of the block at the bottom of the ramp?

Answer:
Given, the mass of the block, m = 2.0 kg Height of the block, h = 3.0 m Horizontal distance, d =
9.0 m Let the coefficient of friction of the rough horizontal surface = μ (a) Speed of the block at
the bottom of the ramp : Using the energy conservation
theorem, 1/2∗m∗v2=m∗g∗h1/2∗m∗v2=m∗g∗h or, v2=2g∗hv2=2g∗h or, v=(√2∗g∗h)v=(2∗g∗
h) = (√2∗9.8∗3)(2∗9.8∗3) = 7.668 m/s 

4. The centre of mass of a system of three particle of masses 1 g, 2g and 3g is taken as the origin of a
coordinate system. The position vector of a fourth particle of mass 4g such that the centre of mass of
the four-particle system lies at the point (1, 2, 3) is
α ( i + 2 j+3 k) , where α is a constant. Calculate value of α

answer:
Correct option is 5/2
COM of y coordinate 
= [m1×y1+m2×y2+m3×y3+m4×y4]/ m1+m2+m3+m4 /

but the first 3 terms in the numerator is equal to zero

hence
COM=4×2a/10 =2
a=5/2 required answer.

5. A ball of mass 0.4 kg is initially at rest on the ground. It is kicked and leaves the kicker's foot
with a speed of 5.0 m/s in a direction 60° above the horizontal. The magnitude of the impulse
imparted by the ball to the foot is most nearly

Correct option (C) 2Ns Since the impulse force is applied in the same direction (60°) as the
velocity, we do not need to use components but use the 60° inclined axis for the impulse
momentum problem. In that direction. J = ∆p J = mvf – mvi = m(vf – vi) = (0.4)(0 – 5)
6. A motor applies a constant tension of 2.50 kN to a cable passing over a pulley, pulling a 520-kg
crate through 8.00 m in 60.0 s up a frictionless 25◦ incline.
a) Find the work done by the cable tension acting on the crate.
Answer: done yourself

7. Calculate the change in length of the upper leg bone (the femur) when a 70.0 kg man supports 62.0
kg of his mass on it, assuming the bone to be equivalent to a uniform rod that is 40.0 cm long and
2.00 cm in radius.

Strategy

The force is equal to the weight supported, or

F=mg=(62.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)=607.6 N,F=mg=(62.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)=607
.6 N,
and the cross-sectional area
isπr2=1.257×10−3 m2.πr2=1.257×10−3 m2.The
equationΔL=1YFAL0ΔL=1YFAL0can be used to find the change in length.

Solution

All quantities exceptΔLΔLare known. Note that the compression value for Young’s
modulus for bone must be used here. Thus,
ΔL=(19×109 N/m2)(607.6 N1.257×10−3 m2)(0.400 m)ΔL=(19×109 N/m2)(607.6 N
1.257×10−3 m2)(0.400 m)
=2×10−5 m.=2×10−5 m.
Discussion
This small change in length seems reasonable, consistent with our experience that bones
are rigid. In fact, even the rather large forces encountered during strenuous physical
activity do not compress or bend bones by large amounts. Although bone is rigid
compared with fat or muscle, several of the substances listed in Table 3 have larger
values of Young’s modulusY.Y.In other words, they are more rigid.

8. A laboratory cart (m1 = 500 g) rests on a level track. It is connected to a lead weight (m2 = 100 g)
suspended vertically off the end of a pulley as shown in the diagram below. The system is released
and the cart accelerates to the right. (Assume the string and pulley contribute negligible mass to the
system and that friction is kept low enough that it can be ignored.)
solution

The challenge in this problem is keeping track of the

different objects. Sometimes we're dealing with the lab cart
(identified by a subscripted 1), sometimes we're dealing with
the lead weight (identified by a subscripted 2), and
sometimes we're dealing with the whole system — the cart
and weight connected by a string (identified by the lack of a
subscript). This level of detail is not necessary for your own
personal work, but it is a good idea for me to do it so that my
work is less ambiguous to you.

A. Why make two diagrams when you can make one?

B. Lab cart on the left, lead weight on the right.
a. Weight is mass times gravity. The SI unit of force is the
newton, which is based on the kilogram and the meter per
second squared. Be sure you're using the right units.

W2 = m1g
W2 = (0.100 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
W2 = 0.980 N
b. Repeat the steps above with a different mass.

W1 = m1g
W1 = (0.500 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
W1 = 4.90 N
c. Normal equals weight on a level surface like the one
described above.

N  = W
1 1

N  = 4.90 N
1

d. Normal and weight cancel out on the track. Tension is an

internal force for the cart-weight system. The net force is
whatever's left over — the weight of the lead weight.
 ∑F = W 2

∑F = 0.980 N
e. Use Newton's second law of motion to determine the
acceleration of the system. The mass that's being
accelerated is the mass of the cart plus the weight.

a = ∑F/m
a = (0.980 N)/(0.500 kg + 0.100 kg
)
a = 1.63 m/s2

f. Note that this is less than the acceleration due to gravity,

which is as it should be. The system is not in free fall.
g. Tension is an internal force for the system as a whole, but it
is the net force acting on the cart. There is nothing
balancing it. Apply Newton's second law to the cart by
itself. (Let right be the positive direction since that's the
direction the lab cart is accelerating.)

∑F1 = m1a
∑T = (0.500 kg)(1.63 m/s2)
∑T = 0.816 N right

h. Tension is also one of two forces acting on the suspended

weight. The other is the weight of the weight. The
difference in these two is the net force on the lead weight.
Use this information and Newton's second law to find the
tension. (Let down be the positive direction since that's the
direction the lead weight is accelerating.)

∑F2 = m2a
W2 − T = m2a
(0.980 N) − T = (0.100 kg)(1.63 m/s2)
T = 0.816 N up
 i. Two methods give the same answer, so all is well. The lab
cart and the lead weight experience the same tension (same
magnitude, different directions).

9. A sculpture weighing 10,000 N rests on a horizontal surface at the top of a 6.0-m-tall vertical pillar
The pillar’s cross-sectional area is 0.20 m2 and it is made of granite with a mass density of
2700kg/m3. Find the compressive stress at the cross-section located 3.0 m below the top of the pillar
and the value of the compressive strain of the top 3.0-m segment of the pillar.

Strategy

First we find the weight of the 3.0-m-long top section of the pillar.
The normal force that acts on the cross-section located 3.0 m down
from the top is the sum of the pillar’s weight and the sculpture’s
weight. Once we have the normal force, we use Figure to find the
stress. To find the compressive strain, we find the value of Young’s
modulus for granite in Figure and invert Figure.

Solution

The volume of the pillar segment with height h=3.0mh=3.0m and

cross-sectional area A=0.20m2A=0.20m2 is
V=Ah=(0.20m2)(3.0m)=0.60m3.V=Ah=(0.20m2)
(3.0m)=0.60m3.
With the density of
granite ρ=2.7×103kg/m3,ρ=2.7×103kg/m3, the mass of the pillar
segment is
 m=ρV=(2.7×103kg/m3)
(0.60m3)=1.60×103kg.m=ρV=(2.7×103kg/m3)
(0.60m3)=1.60×103kg.

The weight of the pillar segment is

wp=mg=(1.60×103kg)
(9.80m/s2)=1.568×104N.wp=mg=(1.60×103kg)
(9.80m/s2)=1.568×104N.
The weight of the sculpture is ws=1.0×104N,ws=1.0×104N, so
the normal force on the cross-sectional surface located 3.0 m below
the sculpture is
F⊥=wp+ws=(1.568+1.0)×104N=2.568×104N.F⊥=wp+ws=(1.
568+1.0)×104N=2.568×104N.

Therefore, the stress is

stress=F⊥A=2.568×104N0.20m2=1.284×105Pa=128.4 kPa.
stress=F⊥/A=2.568×104N0.20m2=1.284×105Pa=128.4 kPa.
Young’s modulus for granite is Y=4.5×1010Pa=4.5×107kPa.
Y=4.5×1010Pa=4.5×107kPa. Therefore, the compressive strain
at this position is
strain=stressY=128.4kPa4.5×107kPa=2.85×10−6.strain=stress/Y=128.
4kPa4.5×107kPa=2.85×10−6.

 
Significance

Notice that the normal force acting on the cross-sectional area of the
pillar is not constant along its length, but varies from its smallest
value at the top to its largest value at the bottom of the pillar. Thus,
if the pillar has a uniform cross-sectional area along its length, the
stress is largest at its base.

10. A 2.0-m-long steel rod has a cross-sectional area of 0.30cm2. The rod is a part of a vertical
support that holds a heavy 550-kg platform that hangs attached to the rod’s lower end. Ignoring the
weight of the rod, what is the tensile stress in the rod and the elongation of the rod under the stress?
Answer
σ=Stress and ε=strain
σ=F/A= (550kg)×(9.81m/s2)/3×10−5m2=0.18㎬
ε=Δl/ l0 =σ/Υ =0.18×109/200×109=9×10−4
Δl=εl0=(9×10−4)(2m)=0.0018m=1.8mm