Topic: SOLUTIONs

1 Important Formulae
𝑊𝐵 1000
a) Molarity = ×
𝑀𝐵 𝑉

𝑊𝐵 1000
b) 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = ×
𝑀𝐵 𝑊𝐴

𝑥𝐴
c)𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑥
𝐴 +𝑥𝐵

d)Henrys Law

PA=KHPA0

e)Raoults Law:

PA=PA0 XA

f)Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure

𝑊𝐵
𝑝𝐴𝑜 − 𝑝𝐴 𝑀𝐵
𝑜 = 𝑋𝐵 =
𝑝𝐴 𝑊𝐴 𝑊𝐵
𝑀𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵

g)Elevation in Boling point of Solvent Containung Non-Volatile Solute

𝑤𝐵 1000
Tb = Kb  m = Kb  𝑀𝐵
 𝑊𝐴


h) Depression in Feeziging point of Solvent Containing Non-Volatile Solute

Tf = Kf  m

WB 1000
ΔTf = Kf  
M B WA

WB 1000
Tb = Kb  m = Kb  
M B WA
i)Osmotic Pressure

WB
V = nRT  V =  RT
MB
2 What is the molality of ammonia in a solution containing 0.85 g of NH3 in 100 ml of a
liquid of density 0.85g cm-3?

3 A solution of glucose (C6 H12 06) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molality of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180g Mol -1 )
[AI 2013]

4 Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 k is 4.27 105mm Hg.
Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760mm Hg.
[NCERT] [Foreign 2013]

5 If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve
in 1 litre of water? Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that
Henry’s law constant for N2 at 293 K is 76.48 kbar
[NCERT][AI 2012C]
6 The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing
6.5610-3 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.0010-2 g of ethane then what shall
be the partial pressure of the gas?

7 A sugar syrup of weight 214.2 g contains 34.2g of sugar (C12 H22 O11).
Calculate (i) mole fraction of sugar, (ii) molality of sugar syrup.

8 Calculate the molality of K2CO3 solution which is formed by dissolving 2.5g of it in one litre
of solution. Density of solution is 0.85g mL-1.(At.wt.of K=39,C=12,O=16) (HOTS)
9 The molality of an aqueous solution is 1.002 mol/kg. What is the mole-fraction of solute?
(HOTS)

10 5g of a compound was dissolved in 100g of water at 303K.The vapour pressure of the

solution was found to be 4.16 kilopascal. If the vapour pressure of pure water is 4.24 kPa
at this temperature, what is the molecular mass of the compound?
11 The degree of dissociation of Ca(NO3)2 in a dilute aqueous solution containing 14g of the
salt per 200g of water at 100 C is 70%.If the vapour pressure of water is 760mm Hg,
calculate the vapour pressure of the solutions.

12 A Solution containing 30g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90g water has a vapour pressure
of 2.8 kpa at 298 K. Further 18g of water is then added to the solution, the new vapour
pressure becomes 2.9kpa at 298K. Calculate (i) molar mass of the solute (ii) vapour
pressure of water at 298 K.

13 The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kpa at 300 k. Calculate the vapour pressure of a one
molal solution of a non-volatile, non-ionic solute in water.
14 Benzene (C6H6) and Toluene (C7H8) form a nearly ideal solution. At 313 k,the vapour
pressure of pure benzene is 150mm Hg and of pure toluene is 50mm Hg. Calculate the
vapour pressure of a mixture of these containing equal masses at 313 k.

15 An aqueous solution freezes at 272.4 K, while pure water at 273 K. Determine the (i)
molality of the solution, (ii) boiling point of solution, (iii) lowering of vapour pressure of
water at 298 K. (Given Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1, Kb = 0.512 K kg mol–1 and vapour pressure of
pure water is 23.757 mm Hg)

16 The elevation in boiling point of 0.1 molal solution of x in water is 0.1536 oC what
conclusion do you draw about the molecular state of X ?

17 18g of glucose,C6 H12 O6, is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a saucepan. At what temperature

will water boil at 1.103 bar?(kb for H2O is 0.52K kg mol-1)
18 A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCI3 COOH) is heated to its boiling
point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18o C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for
trichloroacetic acid. (Kb for water = 0.512K kg mol-1)

19 Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in
80.2g of water. (Given Kb for water = 0.52 K/m

20 What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21g of it dissolved in 24.0g of

chloroform forms a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04 C. The boiling point of pure
chloroform is 61.7 C and the boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is
3.63C/m. (Delhi 2011)
21 A solution containing 8 g of a substance in 100g of diethyl ether boils at 36.86 oC, whereas
pure ether boils at 35.60oC. Determine the molecular mass of the solute.
(For ether, Kb =2.02 k kg mol-1) [AI- 2008]

22 An aqueous solution of 3.12 g of BaCl2 in 250g of water is found to boil at 100.0832 C

Calculate the degree of dissociation of BaCl2 [Kb(H2O) = 0.52 K/m.] [HOTS]

23 A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3)in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500g of
Water . This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 C.What mass of glycerol was dissolved
to make this solution?
(Kb for water = 0.512 k kg mol-1) (Delhi 2010)
24 Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00g of NaCl to 250.0 g of
water.(Kb for water=0.512k kg mol-1,molar mass of NaCl=58.44g) (Delhi 2011)

25 Calculate the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution (density 1.06 gmL −1) of KBr.
[Given: Kb for H 2O =0.52 k kg mol−1, Atomic mass: K=39, Br=80] [NCERT] [AI 2011C]

26 A solution prepared from 1.25g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 90.0 g of benzene
has a boiling point of 80.31 C. Determine the molar mass of this compound.(Boiling point
of pure benzene = 80.10 C and kb for benzene =2.53 C kg mol-1)
[Delhi 2010, Foreign 2010]
27 1.0g of a non- electrolyte solute dissolved in 50.0g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12K kg mol -1.
Find the molecular mass of the solute. [NCERT] [AI 2013]

28 A 0.561m solution of an unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by

2.930 C. What is Van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression
constant (Kf) for water is 1.86 C kg mol-1. [Foreign 2011]

29 The freezing point of a solution composed of 5.85g of NaCl in 100g of water is – 3.348C.
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor ‘i” for this solution. [Kf (water)= 1.86kg mol-1 ]
30 The boiling point of a solution of urea in water is 100.13 C . Calculate the freezing point
of solution. (Kf and Kb for water are 1.86 k kg mol-1 and 0.52 k kg mol-1 respectively).

31 Find the molality of a water solution of binary electrolyte which freezes at 268.15 K.
(Kf =1.85 K kg mol-1)

32 The normal freezing point of nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) is 278.82K. A 0.25 molal solution of a
certain solute in nitrobenzene causes a freezing point depression of 2 degrees. Calculate
the value of Kf for nitrobenzene.
33 Calculate the amount of KCI which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point
is depressed by 2K. (Kf for water=1.86 kg mol-1) [Delhi 2012]

34 What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0g mol −1) must be added to 5.50kg of water
to lower the freezing point of water from 0 oC to -10.0 C? (Kf for water =1.86 k kg mol-1
[AI 2010]

35 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450g of water. The resulting

solution freezes at – 0.34oC. What is the molar mass of the substance? (Kf for water = 1.86
k kg mol-1) [AI 2010]
36 Calculate the amount of sodium chloride which must be added to one kilogram of water so
that the freezing point of water is depressed by 3k.[Given: Kf =1.86k kg mol-1,[At mass:
Na=23.0, CI=35.5] [HOTS][Delhi 2010C]

38 0.1 mole of acetic acid was dissolved in 1 kg of benzene. Depression in freezing point of
benzene was determined to be 0.256k. What conclusion can you draw about the state of
the solute in solution?
[Give: Kf for benzene =5.12 Kkg/m] [Delhi 2010C]
39 Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of
Na2SO4.If this solution actually freezes at – 0.320 C,what would be the value of van’t Hoff
factor? (Kf for water is 1.86oC mol-1) [Delhi, Foreign 2009]

40 Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54g of glucose,(C 6H12O6), in 250g
of water will freeze.
(Kf for water = 1.86k kg mol-1) [Delhi,AI, Foreign 2008]
41 A 0.1539 molal aqueous solution of cane sugar (mol. Mass = 342 g mol-1) has a freezing
point of 271 k while the freezing point of pure water is 273.15k. What will be the freezing
point of an aqueous solution containing 5 g of glucose (mol. mass=180g mol -1) per 100 g of
solution? [AI 2007]

42 Calculate the freezing point of a 1 molar aqueous solution of KCI.

(Density of solution =1.04 g cm-3, [Kf=1.86 k kg mol-1, At. wt .of k = 39 and Cl=35.5)

43 An electrolyte AB is 50% ionized in aqueous solution. Calculate the freezing point of 1

molal aqueous solution.
44 What is the molar concentration of solute particles in a human blood if the osmotic
pressure is 7.2 atm at the body temperature of 27 C?
(R=0.0821 L atm K-1 Mol-1)

45 In aqueous solution, NaCl is completely ionized into Na+ and CI− ions. Compute the osmotic
pressure of 0.255M solution of NaCl at 300K. (HOTS)

46 A solution of sucrose (Mol. Wt 342) is prepared by dissolving 68.4 g of it per liter of

solution. What is osmotic pressure at 300 K ? (R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1)
47 10g of an organic substance is dissolved in two litres of water and gave an osmotic
pressure of 0.60atm at 27 C.Calculate the molecular mass of the substance.(R= 0.082 L
atm mol−1 K−1)

48