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    The D & F Block Elements-2

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    The D & F Block Elements-2

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    advance systematic control
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    hi

    Original Title

    7. the d & f Block Elements-2

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    3 views5 pages

    The D & F Block Elements-2

    Uploaded by

    advance systematic control
    hi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Study of f-Block Elements

    The elements in which last electron is


    filled in f orbital of antepenultimate
    shell n 2 i e 3rd last shell are called
    f Block element
    Position in Modern Periodic Table
    All the 28 elements of f Block belongs to
    3rdgroup II A group of modern periodic table
    There are 2 series of 14 elements each in 6th
    and 4th period respectively called Lanthanoid
    and Actinoid series

    y ftp.TImsme tIIoytioErtmYb.t
    G
    4Llesie

    7 IT Pat NEPut At It BITCEEst fit it 11 55


    Actinoid
    sf series
    General Electronic Configuration of Valence
    14
    A GI n s 1 do in 2
    ft
    Note A a d configuration is mostly shown
    when it leads to stable a 2 fo
    unfilled 2
    ft halffilled or 2
    ft fulfi
    Med configurations As in the care
    of Lanthanoids Ge God 714
    Half Full
    filled filled
    Actinoid s gpa gy g P 96cm 1034
    Hades
    b

    Exception filled Felled


    goth IR n 7s 642 rather Bn 7536d s
    ft
    than

    Whereas the electronic configuration of Th is

    goth Rn sft 649790 rather Rn Gd 790


    X
    Note The more irregularities in electronic
    configuration of d and f Block elements
    as compared to a fo Block elements is due
    to very low difference of energies of higher
    energy levels and subenergy levels in them

    The General & Physical Properties of f-Block Elements


    The important general and physical
    properties of Lanthanoids and Actinoid
    are compared in following table
    Lanthanoids Actinoid
    1 Except Pm 2 61 all 1 All elements are
    elements are stable radioactive none is stable

    2 They show legs variation 2 They show more variation


    in their oxidation state in their oxidation state
    There most common There most common
    oxidation state is 3 oxidation state is 3
    in addition they also in addition they allo
    show 4 Leg Celt and show oxidation states
    2 Leg Smt oxidath upto 7 Leg Hp Pu
    state which are less but is reduced to 3
    stable than 3 in 2nd half elements
    of
    3 They have lower complex 3 They have highercomplex

    forming tendency forming tendency


    4 They do not form 4 They form many
    oxo cations oxo cation like DOJ
    40T Pug etc

    5 They form less balic 5 They form more balic


    oxides and hydroxides oxides and hydroxide
    6 Most of their ions are 6 Mostof their ions are
    colourless coloured e.g DO yellow
    7 Their magneticproperties 7 Their magnetic properties
    can be easily explained are more complex
    The magnetic susceptibility The magnetic susceptibility
    increases with increase is roughly parallel to
    in number of unpaired and lower than Lanthan
    electrons in af orbitals oids with increase in
    unpaired e's in sforbitale
    8 They are chemically o They chemically
    are
    less reactive due to more reactive due to

    higher ionisation energy lower ionisation energy


    and reduction potential and reduction potential

    Note
    1 In their chemical behaviour in general the
    reactivity of earlier members of Lanthanoids
    is similar to ca but with increase in atomic
    number they behave more like Al
    ii All Lanthanoids are silvery white metals and
    Actinoids are also silvery in appearance
    Ciii Lanthanoids and Actinoids show greatest
    horizontal similarity and thus show gradual
    variation in properties from left to
    right But
    properties of only second half of actinoids are
    similar to those ofcorresponding Lanthanide
    Chemical Properties of Lanthanides
    Due togreater horizontal similarities all
    Lanthanoids are represented by a common
    symbol In and due to Iole resemblance
    of Lanthanum La with Lanthanoids it is neually
    included in all discueei one of Lanthanides
    Hz A p LnH3
    Xz D p LnX3
    Oz D p Ln203
    s i B
    Ln D LnzSz
    Hz D
    p Ln H
    H2O Ln Hb t H2 F
    Acids p Ln salts t Hz F
    Note C When heated with carbon Lanthanoids
    form different types of carbides
    ae followe
    2773 K
    Lng C D LngC LnzG Ln

    Ii Due to very similar properties of Lanthanide


    till A907 they were thought to be single element

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