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This page contains answers to Seagull CES test about Tanker Operation I & II, and serve a database of questions and answers, using which seafarer can prepare to exams for getting certificate of competence, or just to challenge yourself with knowledge in this theme.Use the search below to find question.Amount of questions: 82.Right answers
marked with this sign .After an oil tanker has completed loading operations and the cargo documents have been cleared, the ship’s Master will be given permission to leave the port. What is the term normally used for this permission? Port clearance. Port dues paid, vessel free to depart.

Customs clearance.

Vessel’s departure permission.All ballast handling must be recorded in dedicated forms.

Where are these forms usually found on boarda crude oil tanker? In the Water Ballast Management Plan. In the SOPEP. In the OPA 90 VRP. In the company’s TQM system.All crude oil tankers are required to have a certain amount of oil pollution prevention equipment on board. Where would details, relating to the specific equipment on your ship, be
found? In the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT). In the MARPOL 73/78 Consolidated regulations. In the Company’s Contingency Manual. In the Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP). All oil tankers are required to complete a pre-arrival checklist. How are negative answers in the pre-arrival checklist
handled? The negative answer doesn’t need to be reported, it is just entered in the weekly work program. The Master calls the Chief Officer and Chief Eng. for a meeting. They should be reported to the owner’s agent at discharge port. They should be reported to the Ship Owner/Operator. All ships, including tankers are issued with orders including
voyage orders.

Who would normally issue a voyage order? The cargo owners. Either the ship owners or ship operators or the characterers. The agent at the discharge, or loading port. The port authorities.All tankers have an approved Loading Manual on board. Which body approves the Loading Manual? The ship’s building yard. The classification Society, to which
the ship is classed. The National Maritime Authority. The ship owner’s/operator’s Technical Department.Ballast water carried on board oil tankers is governed by stringent regulations. Which one of the given options included the regulations covering ballast water for crude oil tankers? International Convention on Load Lines for Ships. Ballast Water
Management Convention. Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) guidelines. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.Crude oil tankers often load the next cargo on top of the residue or slops from the previous cargo. Who decides if the vessel is to Load on Top of the slops? The ship owner or operator.

The charterers. The cargo owner. The cargo receiver.During cargo loading and discharge of an oil tanker the cargo hoses or loading arms must be connected. Is connection of cargo hoses (arms) part of the vessel’s risk assessment? Yes, but only when the ship’s own hoses are being used. Yes, it is always part of the vessel’s risk assessment. Yes, but
only when visiting a new port. No, it is covered by the terminal risk assessment.During the laden voyage it may be necessary to adjust the cargo tank pressure, either by venting VOC, or topping up the tank pressure by inert gas. There are procedures for carrying out and recording these actions. Where would details of the procedures be found?
In the vessel’s VOC Management Plan. In the vessel’s SOPEP.
In the chief engineer’s standing orders. In the vessel’s inert gas manual.It is required, that the condition of the ballast tanks on a crude oil tanker are recorded following inspection. Where are the results of these inspections normally recorded? In the vessel’s Planned Maintenance System (PMS). In the Chief Engineer’s files. In the Chief Officer’s files.
In the owner’s or operator’s Vetting department.Junior officers are responsible for maintenance of the vessel’s firefighting and lifesaving equipment and it is a requirement, that completion of these maintenance routines is recorded. Which regulations require these records to be made?
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code). The MARPOL Annex I regulations. The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT).On large crude oil tankers, why is it good practice to have the vessel as close to even keel as possible, and with zero list
when topping off the tanks? In order to reach the correct quantity in the tanks. The SOLAS regulations require no list when a vessel leaves port. In order to read the draught marks correctly. In order to assist the port authorities to check the mid ship loading marks.On the laden voyage the vessel’s integrity and structural conditions need to be
checked and monitored, such as atmosphere in empty spaces, water ingress and leakages. Where should the results of these checks normally be recorded? In the Deck Log Book. In the vessel’s Planned Maintenance System (PMS). In the vessel’s Ballast Water Management Plan. In the vessel’s tank inspection records.Once the vessel has been cleared
by the quarantine and customs authorities, the independent cargo surveyors may board the vessel. Who are the cargo surveyors representing? The surveyors are representing the shippers and cargo owners or charterers. The cargo surveyors are representing the ship owner and the cargo owner. The cargo surveyors are representing the vessel’s P&I
Club. The cargo surveyors are representing the National Customs Office.Prior to commencement of loading an oil tanker, the independent cargo surveyors carry out a tank survey. What do they survey and calculate? The on board quantity, OBQ. The total slop and bunker on board. The total oil and water remaining on board. The vessel’s experience
factor.Some busy crude oil loading ports operate an early departure procedure. What is the main feature of the early departure procedure?
The vessel is permitted to sail without fully completed official cargo documents. The vessel is permitted to sail as soon, as the agent has received the ship’s cargo figures. The vessel can sail as soon as the cargo surveyors have completed the cargo calculations. The vessel is permitted to sail without Port Clearance.Some crude oil loading ports operate
an early departure procedure, EDP. Why is EDP used in some ports? Too expensive to have the vessel waiting for the cargo documents. The charterers want to check the figures before the Bills of Lading are issued. Because of a comprehensive and time-consuming handling of cargo documents. In order to make a quick turn-around and not cause
delay at the terminal. The cargo figures for the official Bill of Lading are determined following completion of loading operations for a crude oil tanker. Which figures are the figures for the Bill of Lading initially based on? The figures given by the cargo owners.
The ship’s figures calculated by the cargo surveyors. The ship’s figures calculated by the Chief Officer. The terminal (shore) figures. The duty deck officer is required to complete all details of cargo operations in the “time sheet”. Is the “time sheet” normally considered to be part of the official cargo documentation? No, it is only required by the agent.
No, it is only for the ship owner’s or operator’s internal use. No, it is only used for calculating crew overtime. Yes, the time sheet is considered to be part of the official documentation. The laden voyage is often used as an opportunity to carry out internal inspection of ballast tanks of a crude oil tanker. What is the normal frequency for inspection of
ballast tanks on a crude oil tanker?
Every 6 months. 24 months. 36 months. Annually. The requirements for reporting of oil spills, and situations that may lead to an oil spill are strictly regulated. Where, on boardship, are the details of these reporting procedures normally found? In the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) Guidelines. In the Shipboard Oil Pollution
Emergency Plan (SOPEP).
In the vessel’s Damage Stability Manual. In the MARPOL Annex IV regulations.There are various checklists currently used on board oil tankers one of which is the pre-departure checklist. What is the main purpose of the pre-departure checklist? To provide the information required by the agent prior departure. To verify and document, that the vessel
is prepared and seaworthy for the next sea passage. To ensure, that all crew are on board and well rested. To verify, that the loading is completed and all ballast tanks are empty.What does the three-word acronym LOT stand for in relation to the cargo operations of crude oil tankers? Loaded Oil Tanker. Load On Top. Level Oil Tanks. Liquid Oil
Tanks.What is the basis for making a loading plan on an oil tanker? The reception facilities in the discharge port. The loading order. The loading rate. The vessel’s total loading capacity.What is the main reason for crude oil tankers to be fitted with a Vapour Emission Control System or Vapour Return System? Because vapours emitted from crude oil
cargo are toxic and can harm human health and the environment. To prevent loss of cargo through vapour release to the atmosphere. Collected vapours can be used in the vessel’s boiler, so it is a commercial reason. The vapours are returned back to the shore tank and mixed with the crude oil, so it is a commercial reason.When early departure
procedure is accepted, who signs the official documents? The Master.
The port State control authorities. The Loading Master.
The agent.When entering a ballast tank for internal inspection, does it require the same procedures as for a cargo tank with respect to “enclosed space entry”?
Yes, all tanks should be considered as enclosed spaces. No, only cargo tanks are considered as enclosed spaces.
No, ballast tanks are clean and do not require the same precautions to be taken as for cargo tanks. No, only hard hats and hand torches are required when inspecting ballast tanks.When the Master of a VLCC receives the following instruction: “After completion discharge at US Gulf, proceed to Fujairah for order”. What kind of order is this? Voyage
order. Loading order. Preliminary loading order. Basis for a complete passage plan.When the Master of a VLCC receives the following instruction: “After completion discharge at Rotterdam, proceed to AG via Suez, intention full cargo Ras Tanura/Ju’aymah for NW Europe incl. Med. Sea. Pls.
advise bunker requirements ex.
barge Fujairah”. What kind of order is this?
Voyage order. Loading order. Preliminary loading order. Basis for a complete passage plan.When the Master of a VLCC receives the following instruction: “On completion bunkering at Fujairah, proceed to Kharg Island and load full cargo Iranian Light crude. Disport Andifer, France. Pls. advise cargo intake”. What kind of order is this? Voyage order.
Loading order. Preliminary loading order. Basis for a complete passage plan.When the vessel is securely moored alongside the discharge terminal, who should be the first to board the vessel? The local agent. The quarantine and customs officers. The loading master and terminal representatives. The terminal’s security officer.Where oil loading ports
operate an early departure procedure, EDP. Who must agree to accept to operate with procedure prior to arrival at the load port? The shippers. The ship owner or operator and the charterers. The Protection & Indemnity (P&I) Club. The Master.Which two persons would normally be responsible for agreeing the loading plan for an oil tanker prior to
the vessel loading cargo? The ship’s master and the agent. The chief officer and the loading master. The loading master and the cargo surveyors. The ship’s master and the chief officer.Who is normally first to board the vessel after it is securely moored alongside the berth? The quarantine and customs officers. The port facility security officer. The
loading master. The charterer’s agent.Who is normally in charge on deck during cargo hose connection operations on an oil tanker? The duty deck officer under the supervision of the chief officer. The bosun under the supervision of the duty deck officer. The loading master. The ship’s master.Who is responsible for checking the vessel’s moorings
during loading operations? Bosun under the supervision of the duty deck officer. The 2nd. Officer. The Ship Security Officer. Bosun and the pumpman.Who is responsible for developing and implementing an International Safety Management System on board? The ship owner or operator. The Master. The National Maritime Authority.
The classification society to which the ship is classed.Who would normally sign all of the cargo documentation prior to departure once a crude oil tanker is finished loading? The ship’s Master and the shippers. The ship’s Master and the agent. The chief officer and the loading master. The ship’s Master and the cargo surveyors.Why it is less important
if crude oil tankers receive a late loading order compared to chemical gas and product tankers? Crude oil tankers have less tank preparations prior to loading. Crude oil tankers have less ROB. Crude oil tankers always carry the same cargo grade.
Crude oil tankers always Load on Top.A discharge order may change during the vessel’s voyage.
What is the usual reason for such a change to the discharge orders of an oil tanker? The cargo is sold during the voyage. The cargo receivers are not able to pay for the cargo. The cargo receivers do not accept the cargo quality specifications. Congestion at discharge port.According to the MARPOL Annex I regulations, the cargo tanks of a crude oil
tanker need to be crude oil washed for sludge control. What are the requirements in relation to crude oil washing of cargo tanks? No tank need to be crude oil washed more, than once in every 4 months. All tanks to be crude oil washed annually. One quarter of the total number of tanks to be crude oil washed every discharge. The slop tanks and 4
other tanks to be crude oil washed every discharge.Crude oil tankers are fitted with an ODME. What is the main purpose of the ODME?
To ensure, that the secondary slop tank is kept free of oil. To reduce the amount of oil in the slop tanks. To document how much oil is discharged overboard. To prevent oil pollution. Crude oil washing (COW) is strictly regulated under MARPOL. Who would normally decide, that the vessel should carry out COW operations during discharge?
The port Authority. The cargo receiver. The Master. The charterers. Crude oil washing was made mandatory for new tankers by the 1978 Protocol to the MARPOL Convention. What was the main reason for this requirement? To reduce the need for water washing. To avoid the need for sludge removal by hand.
To increase the amount of cargo discharged. To prevent oil pollution. During discharge and COW operations of a crude oil tanker it is important to monitor the Inert Gas (IG) quality and pressure.
What is the procedure if the IG system fails during such operation? Continue the operation as the P/V valves will open, if the tanks go into an under-pressure condition. Continue the operation and rectify the IG failure. Stop the COW operation and reduce the discharge rate. Stop the discharge and COW. Following completion of cargo discharge an oil
tanker requires certain documentation before being allowed to sail. Which of the documents given in the options allows the vessel to leave the port? Receipt for paid light dues. Receipt for paid port fee. Receipt for cargo discharged. Port clearance. For what period of time must the print rolls of the ODME as fitted on an oil tanker be retained for
inspection? 5 years.
12 months. 6 months. 3 years. If an accidental discharge of oil occurs from an oil tanker, where on board are the standardized reporting forms for reporting such accident normally available?
Select all correct options: Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. Vessel Response Plan OPA 90.
Oil Record Book Part I. Oil Record Book Part II.In a discharge port an independent cargo surveyor will often board an oil tanker. Who does the surveyor normally represent while onboard? The cargo receivers and charterers. The ship owner. The P&I Club. The terminal.It is a requirement, that a record of maintenance and tests of the vessel’s
firefighting equipment is kept on board an oil tanker. Which regulations require this? The International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The ISM Code. The IMO MARPOL Annex I regulations. The International Labour Convention (ILO).Oil tankers are required to complete pre-arrival checklist before entering port. How are negative
answers in the pre-arrival checklist handled? Reported to the Ship Owner/Operator. Reported to the owner’s agent at discharge port. The Master calls the Chief Officer and Chief Eng. for a meeting. The negative answer is entered in the weekly work program.Once an oil tanker is cleared by the quarantine and customs authorities the independent
cargo surveyors can normally board the vessel. Who do the cargo surveyors usually represent? The surveyors are representing the cargo receivers and cargo owners or charterers. The cargo surveyors are representing the ship owner and cargo owner. The cargo surveyors are representing the vessel’s P&I Club. The cargo surveyors are representing
the National Customs Office.Once an oil tanker is securely moored alongside the discharge terminal, who is normally the first to board the vessel?
The local agent. Quarantine and customs officers. The loading Master and terminal representatives. The terminal’s security officer.Operating oil tankers poses a risk to personnel and the environment. Which of the given options is considered as the main source of information on guidelines and recommendations for safe operation of oil tankers? The
Oil Companies International Marine Forums (OCIMF). International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT). The International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). IMO MARPOL Annex I.Prior to arrival at a discharge port, a crude oil tanker will require permission to carry out COW operations during discharge. Who would
normally need to give permission to carry out COW during discharge operations? The charterer. The port authority and terminal prior to arrival. The Ship Owner/Operator. The cargo receiver gives permission, as he is focusing on the best out-turn of the cargo.The IG produced on the crude oil tankers will normally contain some oxygen. What are the
requirements for the Oxygen content in the IG during discharge, COW and tank cleaning? 5 % in the IG supply and 8 % in the tank atmosphere. 3 % in the IG supply and 5 % in the tank atmosphere. 5 % in the IG supply and 5 % in the tank atmosphere.
8 % in the IG supply and 15 % in the tank atmosphere.The Ship-Shore meeting deals with all aspects related to the discharge operation of an oil tanker. What are the main issues discussed in this meeting? Select all of the relevant options: The discharge plan. The ship/shore communication. The crew change. The safety and security. The environment
protection. The cargo tanks on a crude oil tanker are required to be inspected internally. How often must internal inspection of the cargo tanks normally be carried out? At intervals not exceeding 30 months. At intervals not exceeding 12 months.
Prior to each dry docking. During the annual survey by Class.The discharge plan of an oil tanker will normally include ballast operations. According to IMO regulations, all ballast handling is required to be recorded. Where are ballast handling operations normally recorded on board an oil tanker? In the Ballast Water Management Plan’s record forms.
In the Deck Log Book. In the Pump Log. In the Oil Record Book Part II.The main purpose of purging cargo tanks with Inert Gas (IG) is to prevent explosive atmosphere in the tanks.
What are the standard requirements for oxygen content in the IG supply line and in the cargo tanks? Maximum 5 % and 8 % respectively. Maximum 6 % and 11 % respectively. Maximum 0 % and 5 % respectively. Maximum 2 % and 5 % respectively.Under which regulations are COW regulated? MARPOL Annex I.
Intern. Convention on Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Convention on Intern. Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG). International Convention on Load Lines (Int. LL Conv).What are the requirements for the oxygen and hydrocarbon gas concentration for safe entry into a cargo tank? Oxygen 21 % and HC gas less than 1 % LEL. Oxygen
18.5 % and HC 2 %. Oxygen 19.5 % and HC 9 % UEL. Oxygen 20.8 % and HC 1.5 % LEL.What can lead to a Letter of Protest being issued by the terminal to an oil tanker? Select all relevant options: Discharging cargo quantity significantly less, than stated arrival cargo figures.
Water traces observed in the received cargo. Mooring bollard on the jetty damaged by the vessel’s moorings. Damaged cargo pump resulting in extended discharging time. What is it that independent cargo surveyors normally measure and calculate prior to commencement of discharge operations by an oil tanker?
The cargo figures on arrival.
The remaining on boardquantity (ROB). The total ship figures on arrival. The on boardquantity (OBQ).What is normally calculated by the cargo surveyors following completion of cargo discharge of an oil tanker? Total quantity of cargo remaining on board (ROB). Liquid cargo remaining in the pipelines. Total quantity of oil and water remaining on the
vessel. The experience factor.What was the size limitation, when the MARPOL Annex I made COW mandatory for new crude oil tankers? Tankers of 20 000 tons deadweight and above. Tankers of 10 000 tons deadweight and above. Tankers of 50 000 tons deadweight and above. Tankers of 70 000 tons deadweight and above.When carrying out COW
operations on board a crude oil tanker, the regulations require that certain checklists are used. Where on board are these checklists available and how many of them are required? In the COW Manual and 3 different checklists are required. In the SOPEP Manual and 2 checklists are required. In the company’s ISM/TQM system and 3 different
checklists are required. In the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) and 3 checklists are required.When entering a cargo tank, or enclosed space, it is by regulations required to record such entry. Where should the entry into the tank be recorded?
The Deck Log Book. The Oil Record Book Part I. The Oil Record Book Part II. In the PMS tank inspection records.When the Loading Master orders the discharge to start at slow rate, a certain amount of cargo has to be discharged before full rate is ordered. What is this discharge sequence called? Shore clearing. Flow control. Line test. Line
displacement.
When the Master of a VLCC receives following instruction: “After completion loading at Ras Tanura, proceed to dis. port NW Europe incl. Med. Sea and Scandinavia, via Cape”. What kind of order is this? Basis for a complete voyage plan. Preliminary discharge order. Discharge order. Voyage order. When the Master receives instruction to proceed to
Rotterdam and discharge all cargo at a port, such as Europoort Maatschap Tankfarm, who would normally issue this instruction? The cargo receiver at Europoort. The carterer’s agent in Rotterdam. The cargo owner. The ship owner/operator or charterers. When the chief officer is working out the discharge plan for an oil tanker, what information
does he base the plan on? The terminal’s reception capacity. The cargo distribution. The voyage order. The discharge instruction. When the discharge of an oil tanker is completed, the cargo surveyors start surveying the cargo tanks.
What action would be expected to be taken, if an unacceptable quantity of cargo oil remains on board? The vessel will be detained until all cargo oil is discharged. The cargo surveyors request the terminal to assist with a new tank survey. The cargo surveyors request stripping of the tanks to be resumed. The cargo surveyors issue a Letter of Protest
on behalf of the cargo receivers and charterers. When the discharge of an oil tanker is completed, who signs the chief officer’s reception documents for cargo discharged? The port authority. The agent. The independent cargo surveyors. The loading master. Where would the information relating to a crude oil’s flammable and health hazard
characteristics normally be found on boardan oil tanker? In the Material Safety Data Sheet. In the loading instruction. In the Bulk Chemical (BC) Code. In the cargo’s Quality certificate.Which activity is considered to be the most critical on an oil tanker? Gas freeing and entering a cargo tank. Crude oil washing (COW). Hot work in the engine room.
Tank cleaning.Which of the given options may be considered as the most critical operation on board an oil tanker? Gas freeing and entering a cargo tank.
Crude oil washing (COW). Hot work in the engine room. Tank cleaning.Which of the given options would normally be done to help avoid any under-pressure in the cargo tanks of a crude oil tanker, when starting the discharge? Start the IG plant. Open the mast riser. Increase the cargo pumps speed. Continue pumping until the P/V valves open.Who is
in normally in charge of connecting the cargo hoses prior to discharge of an oil tanker? The duty deck officer under the supervision of chief officer. The loading master.
The pumpman. The bosun and deckhands.Who would normally issue the discharge order to the ship’s Master of an oil tanker? Owner/Operator or Charterer.
The cargo receiver. The agent in discharge port. The cargo owner.Who would normally issue the orders for the manifold valves to be opened and the discharge of an oil tanker to be started? The loading master. The chief officer. The ship’s Master. The chief officer and the duty deck officer in co-operation. Welcome to the website where you can find
answers for the Computer Based Test (CBT) also known as Crew Evaluation System (CES) on the subject «Incident Investigation».
This site will help you as a marine specialist improve your knowledge with the help of open information, where you can find questions as well as answers for them. CES/CBT based on practical information and marine specialists experience.CES & CBT tests developed for evaluating seaman basic knowledge by Seagull Company (rebranded as «OTG»),
is an evaluating online-tool, used for revealing any professional preparation needed in specific fields of knowledge, defined by STCW.CES tests have proven themselves as good tools for the selection and recruitment process, as well as advancing the level of knowledge of the current officers and crew. Ocean Technologies Group use various subjects
for question creation, which includes:Crowd and Crisis Management;Integrated Navigation System (INS);Ballast water management;Handling and Stowage;Vessel operation management and safety;Marine engineering;Maintenance and repair, etc.Current test contains Seagull CES questions on the subject «Incident Investigation». Those questions
can be used for competence verification specialist capable of preventing accidental situations related with transporting safety, or also for self-examination.«Incident Investigation» subject includes theoretical and practical information about maritime incident investigetion on a vessel. Knowledge of this information directly shows employee’s
competence who holds a relevant post on a vessel, provides to investigate maritime incident or emergency in public or private, including collecting and analysing information, making conclusions as well as identify the circumstances and determine the causes and factors, which led to emergency situation, and also preparing the safety
recommendations.This page contains answers to Seagull CES CBT (Crew Evaluation System/Computer Based Test) test about Incident Investigation, and serve as a database of questions and answers, using which seafarer can prepare to exams for getting certificate of competence, or just to challenge yourself with knowledge in this theme.Use the
search below to find question.Amount of questions: 85.Right answers marked with this sign .A Junior Engineer is injured during the replacement of a main engine cylinder liner. An investigator, examining the period immediately before the accident, may look for two distinct types of actions (referred to in this training program). What are they?
Omission.
Commission. Prevention. Solution.Acts and practises identified in an incident are compared against a “standard”. What is that standard? The applicable. The relevant maintenance schedule. The appropriate start-up routine. The required shutdown method.An accident is frequently caused by contact with which two of the following?
A source of energy. A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned. A material within the threshold limit of the body concerned. A body from which all energy has been expended.An investigator arrives on board to conduct an inquiry into an incident involving some damaged containers, several of which have collapsed and fallen forward
onto the back of the forecastle deck. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify? The transfer of energy. Where the biggest impact has taken place. How the greatest damage was caused. The sequence of events leading to the incident.An investigator is confronted by the results of an accident in which a stack of wire ropes has fallen over
and crushed some boxed goods in a cargo hold. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify? The transfer of energy. Where the biggest impact has taken place. How the greatest damage was caused. The sequence of events leading to the incident.As described in this training program, an accident is generally caused by contact with which
two of the following? A source of energy. A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned. A body within which all energy has been contained during an impact. A body capable of generating a disproportionately high level of energy.As indicated in this training program, what is the most valuable outcome of an incident investigation?
The establishment of control to the extent that it prevents the repeat of a similar incident in the future. A good report that will impress an auditor. The statistics it produces. That the Company can demonstrate that it investigates incidents in compliance with the ISM Code and other legislation.Basic causes are generally divided into which two of the
following categories? Personal factors. Job factors. Substandard conditions. Fundamental causes.Following an accident on board, there is an enquiry from a lawyer on the ship’s satellite telephone, whilst at anchor awaiting port entry. Who should the Duty Officer direct the call to? The Master. The Ship’s Safety Officer. The Agent. The Ship’s Security
Officer.Following an accident, the situation may develop in one of two ways. Which are they? It may continue to deteriorate. It may be recovered. It may reduce in significance to the point at which the actual accident may be ignored. It doesn’t matter. Nobody is concerned with what happens after an accident.For the purposes of communications
relating to an incident, who is the nominated representative of the Owner of the vessel?
The Master. The Ship’s Safety Officer. The boarding agent.
The Ship’s Security Officer.Identify the United Nations Convention and the major IMO Convention which require Flag States to investigate and report marine casualties and pollution incidents: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UCLOS). The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974. MARPOL 1974. The
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. The United Nations Convention on Environmental Pollution (UNCEP).If a chain is used to illustrate the sequence of events leading up to and surrounding an accident, at what point is the accident itself considered to take place? At the weakest link. At the first link, corresponding to the basic cause. At
the final link, corresponding to the recovery or further deterioration phase in the sequence.If accidents are investigated and the information obtained is constructively fed back into the system, which of the following might reasonably be anticipated? A reduction, or even elimination of such accidents in the future.
An increased likelihood of the repetition of such accidents in the future. A reduction in personal injuries, matched by a corresponding increase in incidents involving material damage. A more efficient system will be developed for the purposes of allocating blame.If accidents are not investigated and the causes addressed, which of the following might
reasonably be expected to happen in the future? Further similar accidents, incidents and near-misses will occur. Personal injuries will decrease, but material damage will continue. Those responsible will be more easily identified. The crew will become practiced at hiding accidents and incidents from the company.If an officer is instructed to
investigate an incident which involved a broken wire on a mooring winch and he is supporting his inquiry with photographs, how should he try to photograph the wire? In place, still on the winch drum. In the forecastle store, having been removed from the winch drum. Ashore, having been removed from the vessel. He should not take photographs of
the broken wire.If control is assessed as inadequate, which two of the following factors may be representative of inadequate performance standards? They are not specific enough.
They are assessed as not high or demanding enough. The standards state exactly what is required. There are too few system activities found.Immediate causes are generally divided into which two of the following categories?
Substandard acts. Substandard conditions. Job factors. Underlying factors.In relation to the accident timeline, there are commonly three periods of opportunity to apply or increase control. Which of the following are they?
Pre-contact. Contact. Post-contact. Post-recovery.In respect of incident investigation, complacency, incompetence, negligence, recklessness and lack of communication are all examples of what?
Fallability. Pre-existing management failure. Bad luck. Infallibility.In terms of investigation, which of the following may be considered as the results or effects of an accident? The loss experienced at the end of a sequence of events. The elements in a sequence of events prior to the point of contact.
Bad luck. Infallibility.In the critical period, immediately before an accident happens, which two distinct types of actions can normally be observed from those directly involved? Omission.
Commission. Remission. Elimination.Inadequate compliance is normally identified by which two of the following circumstances? Evidence that there was knowledge of a declared standard and that it was wilfully disregarded.
Evidence that there was inadequate knowledge or understanding of a standard which resulted in it not being observed. Proof that the injured party had undergone a training course. The assumption that personnel involved in an incident have not listened to instructions.Safety investigators often investigate and analyse only a selective “percentage” of
incidents and accidents. What percentage does this training module suggest is generally used?
20 %. 50 %. 1 in 10. 1 in 100.The Chief Officer has been appointed to investigate an incident in the engine room workshop. He is planning to interview a number of crewmembers. Which two of the following should he do, prior to commencing the interviews? Select all applicable answers: Analyse the evidence already secured. Identify evidence still to
be secured. Work out beforehead who is lying and how to trap them in the interview. Compile quеstions which will deliver evidence to support his ideas of what happened.The Superintendent is going on board to conduct an investigation into an accident in which a crewmember was seriously injured during the stowage of an accommodation ladder.
Which four of the following individuals or groups should he particularly try to interview? The person in charge of the operation at the time of the accident. Any eye witnesses. Any person who can contribute to the understanding of the events leading up to, and the prevailing conditions at the time of, the accident. Any person who can provide additional
evidence, relevant to the investigation. All crewmembers.
A representative from the manufacturer of the accommodation ladder.The following describe entries found in a ship’s logbook. Which three may be an indication that the entries have been added or changed at a later stage? A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical sequence. “Liquid paper” (Tipex) has been used. An entry made by
someone who was not on watch at the time.
An entry found to have been made by a Junior Officer.The following describe entries found in a ship’s logbook. Which three may be an indication that the entries have been added or changed at a later stage? A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical sequence. “Liquid paper” (Tipex) has been used. An entry made by someone who was
not on watch at the time.
An entry found to have been made by a Junior Officer.The maximum safe working load of a crane has been exceeded. When the operator attempted the lift, the retaining bolts at the foot of the crane mounting sheared and the crane toppled over. Which three of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in this situation?
Incompetence.
Negligence. Lack of monitoring. Inadequate design.The ship’s Safety Officer is conducting an on-board investigation into a minor incident involving a fall on a lifeboat access platform. A seaman who was working nearby at the time is being interviewed and is having difficulty in remembering some of the details. Which two techniques might the Safety
Officer use to help him remember? He might talk through the incident with the seaman. He might work through a list of potentially relevant items, asking the seaman to include or reject them. He should get firm with the seaman and tell him how important it is that he remembers. He should ask the seaman to say anything, even if he is not absolutely
sure of the facts, so that he can include some testimony from him in the investigation report.The study conducted by the North of England P&I Club used the example of a man and a ladder alongside the accident pyramid to further illustrate their conclusions. What relationship did this further suggest?
That the severity of accidents depends on the degree of hazard. That the severity of accidents and incidents bears no relation to the prevailing exposure to risk. That the statistics are better illustrated by a rectangular shape than a pyramid. That such studies are only of value when physical injury is involved.There has been an incident on board the
vessel, with some casualties and pollution. A local newspaper reporter approaches the seaman on duty at the gangway and asks him to explain what happened. He offers the man 50 $ for his help. How should the seaman be trained to react to such an approach? He should not enter into any discussion relating to the incident. He should refuse
admission to the reporter. He should accept the money and politely answer the reporter’s quеstions. He should call the Bosun on his radio and ask him to come and talk with the reporter. He should do his best to answer the reporter’s quеstions, but ensure that the man’s name and who he works for is properly recorded in the gangway log.What are
the three common reasons for lack of control? An inadequate system. Inadequate standards. Inadequate compliance with standards. Excessive paperwork.What broad rule is often referred to by safety investigators when explaining the selective investigation of reported incidents? The 80/20 rule. The 20/20 rule. Bernhard’s principle of Selective
Accident Investigation. The Accident Pyramid.What connection is there between the sinking of the s.
s.
“Titanic” in 1912 and a method commonly used to illustrate the relationship between reported and unreported accidents and incidents?
The “Titanic” was sunk when she struck an iceberg and an iceberg is commonly used to illustrate how the large numbers of unreported incidents go “unseen”. The White Star Line, owners of the “Titanic” conducted and published the findings of the first major study into accidents and incidents involving loss of life at sea. The decks of the “Titanic” and
the numbers of available life-saving appliances respectively placed on them are often illustrated in pyramid form. The ratio between the numbers of survivors and those lost when the “Titanic” sank are frequently used as a benchmark in studies into modern-day marine casualties.What is it that starts the process of cause and effect and ultimately
results in the “loss” evidenced in the incident? Lack of control. Lack of training. Improper risk assessment. Intentional abuse.What kind of culture do we say exists where people look no further than “human error”? A blame culture. A corrective culture. A teamwork culture. A safety management culture.What principal factor may indicate that safety
studies such as those discussed in this chapter are not necessarily representative of true life? They are based only on those accidents and incidents which are reported. The companies and organizations selected for inclusion in such studies are chosen so that a particular set of trends can be illustrated.
The exact details of the accidents and incidents used to compile the statistics used in such studies are controlled by the data protection act and cannot therefore be verified as accurate and complete. Most studies are conducted in the US and do not reflect practices in the rest of the world.When an accident is investigated, which of the following will
be considered as its results or effects?
The loss experienced at the end of a sequence of events. The phases in an accident after the build-up period.
Serious physical injury, but not damage to property. Breakage or damage to property or the environment, but not involving physical injury.When an accident occurs on board that may have an effect on the safety of the crew and on the environment, an investigator will afterwards examine the way the situation developed afterwards. In which two ways
is it generally understood that a situation will go? It may continue to deteriorate. It may be recovered. It will consider to have no significant impact on the environment. The investigation will focus on the facts at the time; subsequent risk to the safety of the crew or the environment are not considered relevant to the investigation.When presenting
findings and recommendations in a report for on board use, which of the following will help to increase understanding and interest? Avoid jargon and keep it simple. Avoid using the ship’s name. Print the report in large type. Print plenty of copies of the report and post them all over the ship.When we refer to a “blame culture”, what kind of culture do
we consider typically exists? One, where people look no further than “human error”. One, where investigators seek to blame as many people as possible. One, which seeks to avoid apportioning any degree of blame. One in which the level of responsibility of each person involved in an incident is allocated as a percentage.Which five of the following
general categories are examples of contact controls? Substitution. Reduction.
Barriers. Modification.
Protection. Formulation of policies and writing of procedures.Which five of the following may be categorized under the general factor described as “lack of skill”?
Inadequate foundation training. Inadequate practise. Infrequent performance.
Lack of coaching. Inadequate competence management. Inadequate knowledge of language.Which four of the following are amongst the “golden rules” of interviewing? Don’t do all the talking. Put the witness at ease. Be patient. Remain impartial. Lead the witness where possible.
Start every interview with a very specific question.Which four of the following are examples of automatically recorded data? Alarm logs. Engine movement print-outs. Course recorded charts. Online ullage report. Master’s Night Orders. Passage Plans.Which four of the following are examples of substandard practises? Operating equipment without
authority. Overriding or bypassing safety devices.
Operating at an improper or unsafe speed. Failure to use personal protective equipment. Inadequate or defective warning systems.
Exposure to hazardous environment – dust, fumes, smoke, vapours.Which four of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Personal injury.
Material damage. Lost time. Adverse publicity. Increased business.
Enhanced reputation.Which guidelines, produced by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum in 1997, are intended to promote, among tanker operators, an increased understanding and awareness of personnel safety through the efficient and accurate reporting and recording of accidents? The Marine Injury Reporting Guidelines.
The SIRE Programm. The ISM Code. The International Marine Personal Safety Guide.Which incident is credited with first bringing about a major focus on what is called the “human element” in marine disasters? The sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”. The sinking of the “Titanic”.
The collision between the “Norwegian Dream” and the “Ever Decent”. The grounding of the “Torry Canyon”.Which maritime Code requires shipping companies to provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment, establish safeguards against all identified risks and to continuously improve safety management skills of
personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection? The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers: Lost time. Reduced capacity. Drop in performance.
Increased premiums. Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers: Recovery costs. Reduced profits.
Loss of future business. Lost time. Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers: Personal injury. Material damage. Lost time. Costs in putting things right. Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers:
Adverse publicity. Loss of reputation. Less chance of repeat business.
Low morale and poor attitude amongst the workforce. Which of the following best describes the form that the narrative section of an Incident Investigation Report should follow? A simple, orderly description of the events leading up to the accident, incident or near miss, the circumstances of the accident, incident or near miss itself, the consequences
and the post-incident actions, written in a neutral way, without opinion or judgement. A random description of the events preceding an incident, or near miss and the corrective actions necessary to prevent a recurrence, written in a neutral way, but including the investigator’s summary assessment. A complex and detailed account of the accident,
incident or near miss only reflecting, so far as possible, the investigator’s understanding of the circumstances and including recommendations for the attention of management.Which of the following best explains the purpose of an investigation into an accident, incident or near miss on board ship?
The establishment of facts and the determination of corrective action, aimed at the prevention of a recurrence of the incident. It is not to determine the allocation of blame.
Primarily the allocation of blame, but also the identification of relevant contributory factors. It may suggest corrective action. The drawing up of corrective action, including disciplinary procedures where appropriate. Applicable contributory factors may not necessarily be identified. The completion of the necessary forms, so that an incident is on
record and an auditor can see that a system for selectively documenting certain incidents exists.Which of the following factors may be seen as evidence of a failing loss control element in a system? Select all applicable answers: Too few system activities. Irrelevant activities present. Inaccurate and out-of-date activities. Incomplete activities.
Improperly arranged activities. Which of the following is the definition of an “impartial” witness, within the context of this program? One who has no personal interest and nothing to gain, or lose.
One with a personal interest in the outcome of the inquiry. One with whom there is a language-based communication problem. One who has a problem with authority and feels threatened by the interview.Which of the following is the definition of “circumstantial evidence”, as understood by this module?
Something that may reasonably be said to be relevant to an incident. Something found in physical objects, which cannot often be disputed.
Information obtained throught a third party. Accounts told by witnesses.Which of the following is the definition of “evidence”, as described in this training program? Something that demonstrates proof. Something that demostrates guilt. Information collected for a report.
The opinions of witnesses interviewed during an investigation.Which of the following may be categorized under inadequate tools? Inadequate orientation or briefing. Lack of experience. Inadequate updating or refresher training.
Lack of incentives. Inadequate support. Excessive frustration.Which of the following may be categorized under lack of knowledge?
Inadequate orientation or briefing. Lack of experience. Inadequate updating or refresher training. Lack of incentives. Inadequate support. Excessive frustration.Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers: Complacency. Incompetence. Recklessness.
Negligence. Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers: Negligence. Lack of monitoring. Lack of communication. Ongoing management failure. Which of the following safety management objectives are required from a shipping company by the ISM
Code? Select all applicable answers: To provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment. To establish safeguards against all identified risks. To continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection.
Which of the following will usually be missing in a near-miss investigation? Evidence of loss. The presence of adequate alarm systems. Supervision by a senior officer. Substandard conditions.Which piece of international legislation directly resulted from the sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”? The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).Which safety initiative, launched by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum in 1993, takes the form of a risk-assessment tool for
charterers, ship operators, terminal operators and government bodies and includes verifying if an accident and incident investigation policy exists within a company? The SIRE Programm. The IPPA Initiative. The International Risk Assessment Guide for Ship and Terminal Operators. The Ship Operator Voluntary Audit Scheme.Which three of the
following are common interview techniques, as explained in this program? Question and answer. Free recall. Conversational approach. Trick quеstions. Numerical assessment.Which three of the following areexamples of abnormal behaviour?
Entering a ballast tank for which there is no gas-free test certificate. Allowing a colleague to walk along a poorly-lit engine room alleyway, towards an area where the gratings have been lifted and no protective barriers have been erected, without issuing a warning.
Commercing the overhaul of a pump, without first checking that it has been properly isolated Operating a workshop lathe without using eye protection. Wearing non-slip footwear in the galley.Which three of the following are examples of possible “hidden” costs resulting from an accident or incident? Lost time. Reduced capacity. Increased insurance
premiums. Material damage. Pollution. Injuries.Which three of the following are examples of post-contact controls? Emergency evacuation plans.
First Aid. Search and Rescue operations. Preparation of fire-fighting equipment for possible use. Creation of a Contingency Plan. Briefing of the ship’s crew prior to the operation.Which three of the following are examples of transfer of energy by contact? Crane hook striking seafarer on the back of the head. Seafarer falling down companionway
ladder and landing on deck below. Steward entering walk-in refrigerator in rough weather, hit by swinging door. Seafarer suffering from seasickness.Which three of the following are examples of “latent factors” that may be found to contribute to an accident? Design. Incorrect installation. Faulty maintenance. Unsafe acts. Substandard practises.
Updated procedures.Which three of the following may be an indication that entries in an engine-room log-book have been added, or amended, at a later stage? An entry between others in a different handwriting style. An entry between others using a different pen. An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time. An entry found to have
been made by the Chief Engineer.Which three of the following may be said to be the results of good control measures? The effects of energy transfer may be prevented, altered or absorbed.
Harm may be minimized. Damage may be eliminated or minimized. Probably less personnel will be needed and production costs will be lower. The transfer of energy will be able to be more accurately measured.Which two of the following are examples of abnormal behaviour? Commencing the overhaul of a ballast valve, without first checking that it
has been properly isolated and the appropriate warning notices put in place in the control room. Operating a manifold crane on which no training and familiarization has been delivered. Wearing footwear with steel-toecaps during storing. Carrying out a risk assessment and completing a “Permit to work aloft” form before repairing a floodlight on the
front of the accommodation.Which two of the following are examples of substandard conditions?
Congested or restricted work area. Inadequate or defective warning systems. Working under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Operating equipment at an improper or unsafe speed.Which two of the following are examples of substandard practises? Overriding or bypassing safety devices. Failure to use personal protective equipment. Missing guards
or barriers. Exposure to excessive high or low temperatures.Which two of the following are examples of transfer of energy by contact? Damage to spare parts in storage cabinet sustained when work bench broke loose in the electrician’s workshop during heavy weather.
Steward opens locker door and is hit by falling crockery as ship rolls. Wear and tear on the shaft of a sledge hammer, resulting in the head working loose. Failure of electrical control panel resulting in bilge pump not starting.Which two of the following factors may be evidence of a failing loss control element in a Safety Management System?
There are too few system activities. Innacurate and out-of-date activities are observed. Performance standards are specifically defined. Training standards are too high and demanding.Which two of the following will commonly be amongst an investigator’s aims when planning a series of interviews as part of the inquiry procedure? To establish and
confirm the sequence of events. To understand how the witness was involved in the incident. To determine if the witness is to blame for the incident. To determine if the witnesses have “arranged a story” between them.Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “near-miss”? An unintended or unwanted
event, or uncontrolled development in the course of an operation, that almost resulted in unintended harm or damage, or potential for legal action, or is not consistent with acceptable standards. An intended or desired event, or controlled sequence of events, in the course of an operation, that was not accounted for in the applicable risk assessment.
An occurence in which personnel are found to have been operating in compliance with the International Safety Management Code. An operation, or phase in an operation, in which personnel, the ship, its equipment or cargo, or the environment, almost, but not quite, comply with all applicable regulations and procedures.Within the context of this
training module, which of the following is the definition of a “accident”? An unforeseen event that has resulted in unintended harm or damage. A planned event that has resulted in deliberate damage.
An uncontrolled development in the course of an operation which has resulted in unintended harm or damage, or the potential for legal action, or is not consistent with acceptable standards. A situation where personnel have been injured as a result of not operating in compliance with the Safety Management System.Within the context of this training
module, which of the following is the definition of a “incident”? An uncontrolled development in the course of an operation which has resulted in unintended harm or damage, or the potential for legal action, is not consistent with acceptable standards. An unforeseen event that has resulted in unintended harm or damage.
A planned event that has resulted in deliberate damage.
A situation where personnel have been injured as a result of failure to comply with the operating requirements of the company’s Safety Management System.