KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

B.Sc. Engineering 4th Year 1st Term Examination, 2020

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
ECE 4101
(VLSI Design and Nanotechnology)
TIME: 1 hours 30 minutes FULL MARKS: 120

N.B. i) Answer ANY TWO questions from each section in separate scripts.
ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks.

SECTION A
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script A)

1. a) Write down the general considerations of VLSI system design. Mention the challenges (13)
associated with VLSI design and discuss on the practical approaches to overcome
them.
b) Compare the speed-power performance of different available technologies used to (06)
design VLSI circuits.
c) What are the C2MOS logic and CMOS domino logic? Realize the following function (11)
using both logic separately, Z=(A+BC)/.

2. a) What are the considerations for system timing in VLSI memory design? Draw and (14)
explain the logic diagram of a clock generator circuit for system timing.
b) Design an nMOS based 3-transistor dynamic cell and draw its mask layout. Estimate (16)
the area and stroage capacity of the designed RAM considering 2 sq-cm chip size and
0.8 micron technology.

3. a) Design an n-bit parity generator using structural approach. (10)

b) Discuss on different possible bus architectures to sum two variables in 4-bit (10)
microprocessor using suitable diagram.
c) Why GaAs is more suitable for ultrafast system than Si? Explain using energy band (10)
concept.

SECTION B
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script B)

4. a) Find the step response of CMOS inverter driving in load capacitor. (12)
b) Design CMOS digital logic circuit that realize the Boolean functions: (18)
(i) Z=abc+abc/
(ii) Z=(ab+cd)/
Also draw the equivalent RC circuits for each of them.

5. a) What are meant by PLD? List different types of PLD. (10)

b) Design ROM, PAL, PLA using resistor for the following SOP functions: (20)
Z0=AB/+BC/
Z1=A/BC+ABC

6. a) What is FPGA and CPLD? (08)

b) Draw and explain the design flow diagram of Xilinx FPGA. (12)
c) Describe the characteristic of cells for standard based cell design. (10)

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 KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
B.Sc. Engineering 4th Year 1st Term Examination, 2020
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
ECE 4103
(Wireless Communications)
TIME: 1 hours 30 minutes FULL MARKS: 120

N.B. i) Answer ANY TWO questions from each section in separate scripts.
ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks.

SECTION A
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script A)

1. a) Explain the technique to increase the capacity of a cell in mobile communication. (10)
b) What are the functions of scrambling and framing? (10)
c) Give the flowchart of evaluation of wireless technology in USA and Europe. (10)

2. a) “Transmit Power must be reduced in order to fill the original coverage area with (08)
microcells” – Justify the statement.
b) Explain the role of an engineer for planning and designing a cellular system. (10)
c) Define co-channel interference and mention its reducing techniques. Describe three (12)
sector case for reducing co-channel interferences.

3. a) Draw the protocol architecture of IEEE 802.16 and write down its functions. (10)
b) Write down the functions of HLR and MSC. (10)
c) Compare between cell splitting and cell sectoring. (10)

SECTION B
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script B)

4. a) Explain the free space propagation model for a clear LOS between transmitter and (15)
receiver. In which condition Friis free space model is valid?
ℎ𝑡2 ℎ𝑟2
b) For a two ray ground reflection model prove that - 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 , where the (15)
𝑑4
symbols have their usual meanings.

5. a) What do you mean by fading? Write down the effect of fading. (12)
b) What is the difference between Rayleigh fading and Ricean fading? Explain the (18)
Rayleigh and Ricean fadings for four multipath propagation channels and one LOS
component using necessary diagrams.

6. a) Define handoff and classify them. (12)

b) Compare between the decision feedback equalizer and maximum-likelihood sequence (08)
estimation equalizer.
c) If the carrier frequency of a digital cellular equalizer is 900 MHz and the maximum (10)
Doppler shift is 66.65 Hz.
(i) Calculate the maximum mobile velocity for the given Doppler shift.
(ii) Calculate the coherence time of the channel.
(iii) Find the Doppler spread.
(iv) Assuming that the symbol rate is 24.3 K symbols/sec, calculate the maximum
number of symbols that can be transmitted without updating the equalizer.
(v) Calculate the maximum multipath delay spread that could be equalized.

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 KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
B.Sc. Engineering 4th Year 1st Term Examination, 2020
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
ECE 4105
(Optical Fiber Communications)
TIME: 1 hours 30 minutes FULL MARKS: 120

N.B. i) Answer ANY TWO questions from each section in separate scripts.
ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks.

SECTION A
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script A)

1. a) Show that the light collecting power of an optical fiber is independent of the dimension (16)
of the fiber. Explain the acceptance condition for skew rays.
b) (i) For a planar dielectric with n1=1.50 and n2=1.48, find the phase changes, 2ψp and (14)
2ψn, and the penetration depth when λ0=1.0 µm and θi=1.50 θc and when θi=1.10 θc..
(ii) Repeat the problem (i) for a dielectric-air boundary with n1=1.5.

2. a) Define the following terms (i) SONET, (ii) OTDR, (iii) FTTH. (06)
b) Describe the modulation shift method for measuring the chromatic dispersion with (10)
necessary diagrams.
c) A symmetric planar waveguide is consist of a polymer core layer of thickness d=1.20 (14)
µm between the silica substrate and cover. At 1.33 µm optical wavelength n1=1.75 for
the polymer core and n2=1.50 for the silica substrate and cover.
(i) How many guided modes are supported by this waveguide? Sketch the field
distribution of them.
(ii) Find the propagation constant for the fundamental TE mode of this
waveguide.
(iii) Find the wavelength range, ignoring the dispersion of waveguide material,
within which it is single mode.

3. a) What are the sources of dispersion

2
in optical fiber? Show that the material dispersion (12)
𝑑 𝑛
coefficient 𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑡 = −𝑁𝑐 𝑑𝜆2 .
b) Prove that the maximum bit rate in multimode fibers is inversely proportional to the (08)
pulse broadening due to inter-modal dispersion.
c) For an unclad glass fiber with core index 1.5 and cladding index 1.0, determine the (10)
intermodal pulse dispersion and the maximum bit rate allowed. If the fiber is now
cladded with a material of refractive index 1.45, what are the new intermodal pulse
dispersion and the maximum bit rate allowed?

SECTION B
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script B)

4. a) Deduce the condition of Bragg diffraction for designing of distributed feedback laser. (10)
b) Discuss briefly the driving condition of Mach-Zehnder Modulation (MZM) for the (12)
operation of (i) Linear, (ii) On-off, (iii) Phase modulation. Use necessary figures in
your illustration.
c) Estimate the external power efficiency of a GaAs planner LED when the transmission (08)
factor of the GaAs-air interface is 0.68 and the internally generated optical power is
30% of the electric power supplied. The refractive index of GaAs may be taken as 3.6.

5. a) Determine the sensitivity and Q-factor for APD receiver in the presence of ideal NRZ- (10)
OOK signal.
b) Define and explain the internal quantum efficiency of an LED. (10)

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 c) Given the following measurements were taken for an APD, calculate the multiplication (10)
factor for the device.
Received optical power at 1.35 µm=0.2 µw. Corresponding output photocurrent=4.9
µA. (with avalanche gain)
Quantum efficiency at 1.35µm=40%.

6. a) Describe briefly on Cut-back method and modulation phase shift method for measuring (16)
the fiber attenuation and chromatic dispersion, respectively.
b) A digital optical fiber communication system operating at a wavelength of 1 µm (14)
requires a maximum bit-error of 10-9. Determine:
(i) The theoretical quantum limit at the receiver in terms of the quantum efficiency
of the detector and the energy of an incident photon.
(ii) The minimum incident optical power required at the detector in order to achieve
the above bit-error-rate when the system is employing ideal binary signaling at
10 Mbps and assuming the detector is ideal.

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 KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
B.Sc. Engineering 4th Year 1st Term Examination, 2020
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
ECE 4109
(Computer Networks)
TIME: 1 hours 30 minutes FULL MARKS: 120

N.B. i) Answer ANY TWO questions from each section in separate scripts.
ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks.

SECTION A
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script A)

1. a) What do you mean by computer networks? What are the edge and core of computer (10)
networks?
b) Write the importance of DNS in Internet. For DNS address resolution, explain the (10)
working process of recursive query and iterative query.
c) Describe how web caching can reduce the delay in receiving a requested object? (10)

2. a) Consider, a packet length of 5 KB is generated from an end system A. This packet is (20)
destined to end system B. To reach at the end system B, the packet needs to travel
through two routers as shown in the topology of Fig. 2(a). The queueing delay in each
router is 5 msec and processing delay is 0.35 msec. The propagation speed of the links
are same and it is 2 × 106 m/s. The transmission rates of these links are 2 Mbps.
Processing delay of both end systems A and B are 2 msec. The length of each link is
3000 Km. Now, calculate the end-to-end delay, considering all these values and the
given topology.

Fig. 2(a)
b) Differentiate between persistent and non-persistent HTTP. (10)

3. a) How does the TCP flow control work? Describe briefly. (08)
b) Consider the following two 16-bit integers: (12)
1100110110110011 and 1010111100001001.
Now, calculate UDP checksum that is sent by the UDP sender to determine the
potential bit error.
c) Illustrate the principle of congestion control with proper diagram. (10)

SECTION B
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script B)

4. a) Write the main functions of network layer. (10)

b) What are the differences between classfull and classless addressing for IPv4? Write (12)
down the IP classes for IPv4 address.
c) Write down the properties of: i) EIGRP ii) RIP routing protocols. (08)

5. a) Describe the DHCP client server protocol briefly. (10)

b) An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 172.10.64.0/18. The ISP needs to (20)
distribute the IP addresses to 8 subnetworks mentioned in the table below:

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 Networks Number of Hosts
LAN 1 80
LAN 2 900
LAN 3 11
LAN 4 2000
LAN 5 30
LAN 6 2500
LAN 7 2
LAN 8 2
What will be the appropriate subnetwork address of each LAN?

6. a) Why does a node in the computer network require MAC address along with IP address? (08)
b) Describe shortly the principle of RSA cryptography technique. (10)
c) Illustrate the security system in email using an example based on symmetric and public (12)
key cryptographic technique.

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 KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
B.Sc. Engineering 4th Year 1st Term Examination, 2020
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
ECE 4159
(Internet of Things)
TIME: 1 hours 30 minutes FULL MARKS: 120

N.B. i) Answer ANY TWO questions from each section in separate scripts.
ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks.

SECTION A
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script A)

1. a) Define IoT. Discuss on the common wearable and embedded devices used in IoT. (10)
b) Explain the role of IoT in the development of smart home and smart cities. (10)
c) What is IoT gateway? Write down the important tasks of IoT gateway. (10)

2. a) Why are the uses of embedded systems important in IoT? Draw and explain the block (15)
diagram of a basic embedded system.
b) Classify embedded systems based on their complexity and performance. (09)
c) Write down the general selection criteria of right microcontroller. (06)

3. a) Discuss on the general specifications and features of Raspberry pi board. (15)

b) Why is the IPv6 preferred over IPv4 for IoT implementation? (05)
c) Discuss on the operating systems for embedded system. (10)

SECTION B
(Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in Script B)

4. a) Give the five layer architecture of IoT and explain briefly. (12)
b) What are the communication challenges involved in IoT? (08)
c) What are the different layers of IoT protocols? Explain functions of all the layer with (10)
their proposed standard.

5. a) Give an account of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol? How is it related to IoT? (08)

b) What is the adaption layer in the IoT network protocol stack? Explain the 6LowPAN (10)
standard developed for this purpose.
c) Explain CoAP with its messaging format. (12)

6. a) What is meant by big data in comparison with traditional data? How is the big data (08)
related to IoT?
b) Mention the advantages and limitations of using common cloud platform for IoT (10)
applications. How can such limitations be overcome?
c) Discuss Big data analytics tools and technology. (12)

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