Lecture 1

LECTURE #1 in Oral Communication in Context
The Functions, Nature, and Process of Communication
Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or

information from
one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and
cultures
(McCornack, 2014).
Nature of Communication
Communication is a process. It takes place when two or more people
exchange ideas
either through written or spoken words (verbal) or actions (nonverbal). Both
verbal
and nonverbal can be used at the same time.
Functions of Communication
There are five functions of communication. These are regulation or control,
social
interaction, motivation, information, and emotional expression.
1. Regulation / Control – Communication functions to control behavior. It
can be
used to regulate the nature and number of activities people engage in.
“Take your medicine before you go to bed.”
“Finish your work before you go.”
2. Social Interaction – Communication allows people to interact with others
to
develop bonds or intimacy. It also allows individuals to express desires,
encouragement, needs, and decision or to give and get information.
“Would you like to go to church with me?”
“Come on! You can do it!”
3. Motivation – Communication persuades or encourages another person to
change
his/her opinion, attitude, and behavior.
“You’re on the right track. Keep up the good work.”
“My dream is to finish my Senior High School despite this pandemic”.
4. Emotional Expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression
of their
feelings such as love, fear, anger, joy, hope, or any other emotion.
“I’m so happy to have you in my life.”
“I like you so much.”
5. Information – Communication functions to convey information. It can be
used in
giving and getting information.
“The Philippine Normal University was founded in 1901.”
“You can find the bathroom right next to this door”
In order to successfully communicate, it is important to understand the

process of
communication. The diagram above shows the basic steps.
1. The speaker develops an idea to be sent.
2. The speaker encodes the idea or converts it to words or actions.
3. The speaker transmits or sends out the idea using a specific medium or
channel.
4. The receiver gets the message and decodes or interprets it.
5. The receiver provides or sends feedback.
At any point of the communication process, noise may take place and hinder
the flow of
communication process.
The Elements in The Process of Communication

Sender
The sender is the one who initiates the message that needs to be
transmitted. He
sends the message that may be in different forms such as pictures, symbols,
postures, gestures, or even just a smile. After generating the idea, he sends
it in
such a manner that can be understood clearly by the receiver.
Message
Message refers to the information intended to be communicated by words as
in
speech, letters, pictures, or symbols. It can be verbal or non-verbal. It is the
content
the sender wants to convey to the receiver.
Encoding
It is the process of expressing the idea into appropriate medium. It may be
verbal
or non-verbal. The sender may put the message into a series of symbols,
words,
pictures or gestures.
Channel
It refers the medium or passage through which encoded message is passed
to the
receiver. It may be transmitted through face-to-face communication,
telephone,
radio, television, memorandum, or computer.
Receiver
Receiver refers to whom the message is meant for. He plays a significant role
in the
communication process like the sender. He needs to comprehend the
message sent.
His translation of the message received depends on his/her knowledge of the
subject
matter of the message, experience, and relationship with the sender.
Decoding
It means translating the encoded message into a language that can be
understood
by the receiver. After receiving the message, the receiver interprets it and
tries to
understand it.
Feedback
It refers to the response of the receiver to the message sent to him/her by
the
sender. Feedback ensures that the message has been effectively encoded
and
decoded.
Noise
It is a hindrance to communication. This can take place at any step in the
entire
communication process. There are various types of noise. Examples of
physical noise
are loud music, an irritating sound of an engine of a machine, or a classmate
who
talks to you while the teacher is giving a lecture. The second type of noise is
physiological – when the body becomes the hindrance to communication
such as
headache, toothache, or hunger. The third type is psychological noise that
refers to
qualities in us that affect how we communicate and interpret others such as
prejudice and any feeling can interfere with communication. Noise is
considered as
a barrier to effective communication.

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LECTURE #1 in Oral Communication in Context

The Functions, Nature, and Process of Communication

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or

In order to successfully communicate, it is important to understand the

The Elements in The Process of Communication

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