13

Applied Mathematics
1. (c) Given, C (x ) = x 2 + 30 x + 1500 5. (d) Method of moving average is used to find the
Marginal cost can be determined by differentiating total secular trend (long term).
cost C (x ) w.r.t. x. 6. (b) Given, sample data is 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15.
∴ MC (x ) = C′ (x ) = 2 x + 30 ∴The point estimate of population mean is sample
∴ MC (10 ) = 2 × 10 + 30 = ` 50 mean.
2. (b) Σx 3 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 15 54
∴x = i = = =9
Corner points Value of Z = 4 x + 3 y n 6 6
2 −1
(0, 0) 4× 0+ 3× 0 = 0 7. (a) We have, A = 
4 3 
(0, 40) 4 × 0 + 3 × 40 = 120
∴ C11 = 3, C12 = − 4, C21 = 1 and C22 = 2
4 × 20 + 3 × 40 = 200
3 −4 ′  3 1
(20, 40)
∴ adj A =  =
(60, 20) 4 × 60 + 3 × 20 = 300 (Maximum) 1 2  −4 2 
(60, 0) 4 × 60 + 3 × 0 = 240 | A| = 6 − (− 4) = 10
1
Hence, maximum value of Z = 300 < 325 . Now, A− 1 = adj A
| A|
So, the quantity in column B is greater.
1  3 1
=
3. (b) Given, beginning value of investment (BV) = ` 20000 10 −4 2 
Ending value of an investment (EV) = ` 32000
8. (a) A beats B by 80 m, that mean's
Number of years, n = 5 1 A runs 1000 m, then B runs (1000 − 80 ) = 920 m
 EV  n
∴ CAGR =   −1 A beat B by 80 m or 20 s, that mean's
 BV 
1/ 5 B run’s 80 m in 20 s
 32000 
=  −1 20
 20000  × 920 = 230 s
80
. )1/ 5 − 1
= (16
9. (c) We have, n = 3
= 1098
. − 1 = 0.098 Let p = Probability of getting an even number in
Hence, CAGR is (0.098 × 100 )% = 9.8% a single throw
4. (a) Here, annual depreciation = ` 30000 3 1 1 1
Then, p = = and q = 1 − p = 1 − =
Scrap value of car = ` 50000 6 2 2 2
Useful life of car = 15 yr 1 3
Q Mean = np = 3 × =
Let the original cost of car is ` x. 2 2
50 1
Original cost − Scrap value 10. (d) Here, n = 60 and p= =
∴Annual depreciation = 1000 20
Useful life of car in year
1
x − 50000 ⇒ λ = np = 60 × =3
30000 = 20
15
e − 3 33 e − 3 × 32
⇒ x = 450000 + 50000 P( X = 3) = =
3! 2
⇒ x = 500000 0.0498 × 9
= = 0.2241
Hence, the original cost of car was ` 500000. 2
 2 − 3x
11. (a) Given, − 5 ≤ ≤9 16. (c) Let I = ∫ (x − 1)e − x dx
4
d (x − 1)
= (x − 1)∫ e − x dx − ∫ e − x dx − dx + C
dx ∫
Multiplying each term by 4,
2 − 3x
− 5× 4 ≤ × 4≤ 9× 4
4 = − (x − 1)e − x + ∫ e − x dx + C
⇒ −20 ≤ 2 − 3x ≤ 36 = − (x − 1)e − x − e − x + C
Subtracting 2 from each term,
= e − x (− x + 1 − 1) + C = − xe − x + C
⇒ − 22 ≤ − 3x ≤ 34
 1 17. (a) Given,| A| = 2 and|B| = 3
Multiplying  −  to each term,
 3 ∴ |7 AB| = 7 2| AB| = 49| A|| B|
 1  1  1 = 49 × 2 × 3 = 294
(− 22 )  −  ≥ − 3x  −  ≥ 34 − 
 3   3  3
22 − 34 18. (b) We have, 73583 ≡ x(mod 6)
⇒ ≥x≥
3 3 ⇒ x ≡ (73583) (mod 6)
 34 22  ⇒ x ≡ (6 × 12263 + 5) mod 6
∴ x ∈ − , 
 3 3 ⇒ x ≡ 5(mod 6)
12. (a) Let the speed of stream be a km/h. 19. (a) Assertion B beats A by (25 − 22.5) m
According to the question, = 2.5 m in running 25 m
26 14  distance  Thus, in running 25 m, B beats A by 2.5 m.
= Q time = speed 
10 + a 10 − a   ∴In running 1 km i.e. 1000 m,
⇒ 260 − 26 a = 140 + 14a  2.5 
B beats A by  × 1000 m = 100 m
⇒ 40 a = 120 ⇒ a = 3  25 
Hence, speed of stream is 3 km/h. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason
13. (d) The given equation of curve is is the correct explanation of Assertion.
y = x 3 − 12 x + 18 20. (a) Assertion The given matrices are
2 3
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 2 3 −1 4 5
A= and B =
dy
= 3x 2 − 12 1 4 2  2 1
dx  
 dy  Order of A = 2 × 3 and order of B = 3 × 2
Q   =0
 dx  Since, number of columns in A is equal to the number of
12 rows in B.
∴ 3x 2 − 12 = 0 ⇒ x 2 = =4
3 ⇒ AB is defined.
∴ x=±2 Also, number of columns in B is equal to the number of
rows in A .
For x = 2, y = 2 3 − 12 × 2 + 18 = 2
∴The product BA is also defined.
For x = − 2, y = (− 2 )3 − 12(− 2 ) + 18 = 34 Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason
So, the points are (2, 2 ) and (− 2, 34) . is the correct explanation of Assertion.
21. Since, the area of the ∆ ABD is 3 sq units, then we have
14. (d) A hypothesis which defines the population
distribution is called as simple hypothesis. It specifies 1 3 1
1
all parameter values. 0 0 1 =±3
2 [1]
2 3 2 k 0 1
15. (a) Given, x x x + 3 = 0 1 3k
⇒ [0 + 0 − 1(0 − 3k )] = ±3 ⇒ =±3
4 9 1 2 2
[1]
⇒ 2(x − 9x ) − 3 (x − 4x ) + 2 (9x − 4x ) + 3 = 0 ⇒ k=±2
⇒ − 16x + 9x + 10 x + 3 = 0 22. Let X be the number of errors per page,
⇒ 3x + 3 = 0 250 1
p= = and n = 2
⇒ 3x = − 3 500 2
1
⇒ x = −1 λ = np = 2 × = 1 [1]
2
 Now, probability of no error, 8
and i= = 0.04 [1]
e − 1 × (1)0 200
P( X = 0 ) = = e− 1 [1]
R
0! Q P = ⇒ R = Pi
Or i
Given, µ = 12 and σ = 2 ⇒ R = 72000 × 0.04 = 2880
In binomial variable, Hence, R is ` 2880. [1]
µ = np and σ = npq 26. The present cost of mobile phone (P ) = ` 9000
∴ 12 = np and 4 = npq [1] 5  r 
1 Rate of depreciation, i = = 0.05 Q i = 100 
⇒ 4 = 12q ⇒ q = 100
3
1 2 n = Number of years = 2
⇒ p = 1− q = 1− = [1]
3 3 S = Scrap value of mobile
23. Let the person takes x-tablets of type X and y-tablets ∴ S = P (1 − i )n
of type Y. S = 9000 (1 − 0.05)2 = 9000 (0.95)2
According to the given conditions, we have
= 9000 × 0.9025 = ` 8122.50 [2]
6x + 2 y ≥ 18 ⇒ 3x + y ≥ 9,
∴ Total depreciation = Original value − Scrap value
3x + 3 y ≥ 21 ⇒ x + y ≥ 7
and 2 x + 4 y ≥ 16 ⇒ x + 2 y ≥ 8 = 9000 − 8122.50 = 877.50
Let Z be the total cost of tablets. Hence, total depreciation is ` 877.50. [1]
2 2x
∴ Z = 2x + y [1] 27. The supply functions is p = e
5
Hence, the given LPP is
When sales are 2000 units i.e. x 0 = 2, we get
Minimise Z = 2 x + y
2  2 2x 
Subject to constraints 3x + y ≥ 9, x + y ≥ 7. p0 = e 4 Q x = 2 in p = 5 e  [1]
5
x + 2 y ≥ 8 and x, y ≥ 0 [1] x0
∴ PS = p0x 0 − ∫ pdx
24. Let the speed of current be x km/h. 0

Then, speed of boat = 5x km/h 2 2 2 2x

= e4 × 2 − ∫ e dx [1]
Total speed in downstream = x + 5x = 6x 5 0 5
2
Total speed in upstream = 5x − x = 4x 4 2 e 2x 
= e4 −  
According to the question, 5 5 2 
0
. × 6x = 13.2 ⇒ x = 2 km/h
11 [1] 4 1 4 1
= e 4 − [e 2x ]20 = e 4 − [e 4 − e 0 ]
[Q time × speed = distance] 5 5 5 5
∴ Required distance covered in upstream 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1
= e − e + = e + [1]
312 5 5 5 5 5
= Time × Speed = × 4x
60 28. We have, f (x ) = (a + 2 )x 3 − 3 ax 2 + 9 ax − 1
312
= × 8 = 5.2 × 8 = 41.6 km [1] ⇒ f ′ (x ) = 3(a + 2 )x 2 − 6 ax + 9 a
60
Or Since, f (x ) is decreasing for all real values of x.
Given, quantity of mixture = 150 L Therefore, f ′ (x ) < 0 ∀ x ∈ R
2 ⇒ 3(a + 2 )x 2 − 6 ax + 9 a < 0 ∀ x ∈ R
Quantity of milk in mixture = × 150 = 100 L
3 ⇒ (a + 2 ) x 2 − 2 ax + 3a < 0 ∀ x ∈ R
∴Quantity of water = 150 − 100 = 50 L [1]  Q ax 2 + bx + c < 0 ∀ x ∈ R 
Now, for new mixture 1part = 100 L ⇒ a < 0 and discriminant < 0 
 
∴ 2 part = 200 L = Water in new mixture
⇒ a + 2 < 0 and 4a2 − 4 × (a + 2 ) × 3 a < 0
∴ Water to be added = 200 − 50 = 150 L [1]
⇒ a < − 2 and a2 − 3 a2 − 6 a < 0 [1]
25. It is given that the present value of perpetuity of ` R
⇒ a < − 2 and− 2 a2 − 6 a < 0
payable at the end of each 6 months is ` 72000.
⇒ a < − 2 and − 2 a (a + 3) < 0
If money is worth 8% compounded semi-annually.
+ – +
Thus, we have,
–∞ –3 0 ∞
P = ` 72000
 Now, − 2 a(a + 3) < 0 30. Cost of house = ` 4500000
⇒ a(a + 3) > 0 Down payment = ` 500000
⇒ a < − 3 or, a > 0 [1] ∴ Balance = ` (4500000 − 500000 ) = ` 4000000
⇒ a ∈ (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (0, ∞ ) 6
So, P = ` 4000000, i = = 0.005
∴ a < − 2 and − 2 a(a + 3) < 0 1200
⇒ a < − 2 and a∈ (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (0, ∞ ) and n = 25 × 12 = 300 months
⇒ a ∈ (− ∞, − 3) P × i (1 + i )n
∴ EMI = [1½]
Hence, f (x ) decreases for all x ∈ R, if (1 + i )n − 1
a ∈ (− ∞, − 3) [1] 4000000 × 0.005 × (1005
. )300
=
Or (1005
. )300 − 1
3 2
We have, y = − x + 3x + 9x − 27 20000 × 4.4650
=
dy 4.4650 − 1
∴ = − 3x 2 + 6x + 9 = Slope of the curve
dx [1] 89300
dy =
Now, is consider our main function. 3.4650
dx = ` 25772
d 2y
So, = − 6x + 6 = − 6 (x − 1) Hence, EMI of Mr. Taneja is ` 25772. [1½]
dx 2 Or
d 2y Let the present value of the car be ` P, then value of the
Put = 0 ⇒ − 6(x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1 [1] r
dx 2 car after n yr = P(1 − i )n, where i =
100
d 3y Given, n = 3 yr and r = 10%
Now, = − 6< 0
dx 3 3
 10 
So, the maximum slope of given curve is at x = 1. = P (1 − i )3 = P 1 − 
 100 
The maximum value of the slope is 3 3
 1  9 729
 dy  = P 1 −  = P   = ` P [1]
  = − 3 ⋅ 12 + 6 ⋅ 1 + 9 = 12 [1]  10   10  1000
 dx  ( x = 1)
 729P 
Decrease in the value of car = `  P − 
29. We have, n = 6 and σ = 12
.  1000 
271P [1]
Now, sample mean (x ) =`
102.5 + 101.7 + 103.1 + 100.9 + 100.5 + 102.2 1000
= ∴Percentage decrease in the value of the car after 3 yr
6
610.9  Decrease in value 
= = 10182
. = × 100 %
6
[1]  Present value 
Given, confidence level = 95%  271P 
= × 100 % = 27.1%
⇒ (1 − α ) = 0.95  1000 P  [1]
⇒ α = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05
α 31. Given, P( X = 3) = P( X = 4)
⇒ = 0.025
2 m3e − m m4e − m
⇒ =
∴ Zα / 2 = Z0. 025 3! 4!
σ ⇒ m=4
Now, margin of error = Zα / 2 . [1]
n P( X > 1) = 1 − [P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1)]
= Z0. 025 ×
1.2  40e −4 41e −4 
6 = 1−  + 
 0! 1! 
1.2
= 196
. × = 0.96 [1] = 1 − [e −4 + 4e −4 ]
2.45
∴ Interval estimation for the population mean, = 1 − 5 e −4 [2]
µ = x ± margin of error 32. Given, rate of return on investment = 18% = 0.18
= 10182
. ± 0.96 Let x be the purchase price of the mine.
= (10182
. − 0.96, 10182
. + 0.96) Return on investment of ` x per year = 0.18x
= (100.86, 102.78) Life of mine (n ) = 10 yr
Thus, confidence interval = (100.86, 102.78) [1] Net annual return = ` 400000
 Sinking fund is created to replace the purchase price. Put x − y = t , then dx − dy = dt
∴Amount to be placed into sinking fund each year is From Eq. (i), we get
` (400000 − 0.18x). dt
These payments must accumulate to ` x at the end x+ y=∫ = log|t| + C
t
of 10 yr. [1]
⇒ x + y = log| x − y | + C
∴ Amount A = `x and i = r = 10% = 0.10
[Q t = x − y ] ...(ii) [2]
Here, n = 10 and R = ` (400000 − 0.18x )
A×i It is given that when x = 0, then y = −1
We know that R= [2]
(1 + i )n − 1 ∴ 0 + (−1) = log| 0 + 1| + C
0.1x ⇒ C = −1 [Q log 1 = 0 ]
∴ 400000 − 0.18x =
. )10 − 1
(11 On substituting the value of C in Eq. (ii), we get the
required particular solution
 0.10 
⇒ 400000 = x  10 + 0.18 x + y = log| x − y | − 1
. ) −1
(11  ⇒ log| x − y | = x + y + 1 [2]
 0.10 
⇒ 400000 = x  + 0.18 34. Let first, second and third numbers be denoted by x, y
 15937
. 
and z respectively.
⇒ 400000 = x(0.2427 ) Then, according to the question, we get
400000
⇒ x= = 1648125.25 x + y + z = 6, y + 3 z = 11
0.2427
and x + z = 2y ⇒ x − 2y + z = 0
∴ Purchase price of the goldmine is ` 1648125.25. [2]
In matrix form, this system of equations can be written as
33. Let M be the mass of radium at any timet and M0 be the AX = B … (i)
mass of radium initially at t = 0. 1 1 1 x   6
According to the given condition, where, A = 0 1 3 , X =  y  and B = 11
1 −2 1  z 0
dM
= − kM, [1]    
dt 1 1 1
where k is constant of proportionality. Here, A = 0 1 3 = 1 (1 + 6) − 1 (0 − 3) + 1(0 − 1)
dM 1 −2 1
⇒ = − kdt
M
[expanding along R1]
On integrating both sides, we get
= 7 + 3 − 1= 9 ≠ 0 [1]
log M = − kt + C …(i)
Since, A ≠ 0, so the inverse of A exists.
Initially, when t = 0 and M = M0, then T
7 3 −1  7 −3 2 
log M0 = − k(0 ) + C ⇒ C = log M0 [2]
adj ( A) = −3 0 3  =  3 0 −3
On putting C = log M0 in Eq. (i), we get  2 −3 1   −1 3 1 
   
log M = − kt + log M0
M0  7 −3 2 
1 1
⇒ kt = (log M0 − log M ) ⇒ kt = log Thus, A− 1 = adj( A) =  3 0 −3
M A 9 
−1 3 1  [2]
1
When the mass of radium is one-third i.e. M = M0, then Now, the solution of Eq. (i) is given by
3
M0 1 X = A−1B … (ii)
kt = log ⇒ t = log 3
1 k [2] −1
M0 On putting the values of A and B in RHS of Eq. (ii), we get
3
 7 −3 2   6 
1
Or X =  3 0 −3 11
9  
Given, differential equation is  −1 3 1   0 
(x − y ) (dx + dy ) = dx − dy  42 − 33 + 0   9   9 / 9  1
1 1
dx − dy = 18 + 0 − 0  = 18 = 18 / 9 = 2 
⇒ dx + dy = [1] 9  9 27  27 / 9 3
x−y −6 + 33 + 0        [1]
On integrating both sides, we get    
x 1
⇒  y  = 2 
dx − dy  z  3
∫ (dx + dy ) = ∫ x − y …(i)    
 On comparing both sides, we get The profit on type A is ` 80 and on type B is ` 120.
x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3 Our objective is to maximise,
which are the required numbers. [1] Z = 80 x + 120 y ...(i)
Or Subject to constraints are
 −4 4 4   1 −1 1  9x + 12 y ≤ 180 or 3x + 4 y ≤ 60 ...(ii)
Let B = −7 1 3  and A = 1 −2 −2 
 5 −3 −1 2 1 3  x + 3 y ≤ 30 ...(iii)
  
 −4 4 4   1 −1 1  and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ...(iv)
∴ BA = −7 1 3  1 −2 −2  Table for line 9x + 12 y = 180 is ...(v)
 5 −3 −1 2 1 3 
 
x 0 20
− 4 + 4 + 8 4 − 8 + 4 − 4 − 8 + 12 
y 15 0
= − 7 + 1+ 6 7 − 2 + 3 − 7 − 2 + 9 
 5− 3−2 − 5+ 6−1 5+ 6− 3 
  So, line passes through the points (0, 15) and (20, 0 ) .
 8 0 0  1 0 0 On putting (0, 0) in the inequality 9x + 12 y ≤ 180, we get
= 0 8 0  = 8 0 1 0  = 8I 9(0 ) + 12(0 ) ≤ 180
 0 0 8  0 0 1
    [1½] ⇒ 0 ≤ 180, which is true. [2]
⇒ BA = 8I ⇒ B ( AA−1) = 8IA−1 So, the half plane is towards the origin.
[post-multiplying both sides by A−1 ] Table for line x + 3 y = 30 is
−1 −1
⇒ B = 8A [Q AA = I] x 0 30
 −4 4 4  y 10 0
1
∴ A− 1 =  − 7 1 3 
8   So, line passes through the points (0, 10 ) and (30, 0 ) .
 5 −3 −1 [1]
On putting (0, 0) in the inequality x + 3 y ≤ 30, we get
Given system of equations can be written in matrix form as
0 + 3(0 ) ≤ 30
AX = C ⇒ X = A−1C,
⇒ 0 ≤ 30, which is true.
 1 −1 1  4
So, the half plane is towards the origin.
where, A = 1 −2 −2  = 9
5 −3 −1 1 Also, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0, so the region lies in the
   
I quadrant.
4 x 
On solving 3x + 4 y = 60 and x + 3 y = 30, we get the
and C = 9 and X =  y 
1  z point of intersection as B(12, 6).
    [1/2]
The graphical representation of the lines is given below
 −4 4 4  4 x 
1
∴ X = −7 1 3  9 ⇒  y  Y
8     20
 5 −3 −1 1  z 
D (0,15)
15
−16 + 36 + 4  24   3  x+3y = 30
1 1 C(0,10)
=  −28 + 9 + 3  = −16 = −2  10 3x+4y = 60
8  8  −8   −1
 20 − 27 − 1      [1] 5 B(12, 6)
A(20, 0)
On comparing corresponding elements, we get E(30, 0)
X¢ X
x = 3 , y = − 2 and z = − 1 [1] O 5 10 15 20 25 30
(0, 0)
35. Let the number of pieces of two types of teaching aids Y¢
[2]
A and B be x and y, respectively.
∴ Feasible region is OABCO.
We construct the following table
The corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0 ),
Number Time on Time on A(20, 0 ), B(12, 6) and C(0, 10 ).
Profit
Items of fabricating finishing
(in `) Corner points Value of Z = 80 x + 120 y
pieces (in hours) (in hours)
O(0, 0) Z = 80(0) + 120(0) = 0
A x 9x x 80x
A(20, 0) Z = 80(20) + 120(0) = 1600
B y 12 y 3y 120y
B(12, 6) Z = 80(12 ) + 120(6) = 1680
Total x+ y 9x + 12 y x + 3y 80x + 120 y (Maximum)
Availability 180 30 C(0, 10) Z = 80(0) + 120(10) = 1200
 Hence, the maximum value of Z is ` 1680. We construct the table as
The manufacturer should produce 12 pieces of type A Year (t) Production ( y) x = t − 1989 x2 xy
and 6 pieces of type B to earn maximum profit of ` 1680.
[1] 1985 15 −4 16 − 60
36. (i) In (33 + 3) = 36 L of mixture the ratio of milk 1987 20 −2 4 − 40

and water is 2 : 1 1989 22 0 0 0

2 1991 29 2 4 58
∴Quantity of milk in 36 L = 36 ×
3 1993 17 4 16 68
= 24 L [1] Σx 2 Σxy
1 Σy = 103 Σx = 0
(ii) Quantity of water in 36 L = 36 × = 40 = 26
3
[1]
= 12 L [1]
(iii) Since, mixture contains milk and water in the ratio Let trend line of y (production) on x be
8 : x. yt = a + b x (origin 1989) …(i)
24 8 The normal equation for estimating a and b
∴ =
12 − 3 x in Eq. (i) are Σy = na + b Σx
⇒ 24x = 72 ⇒ 103 = 5 a + b × 0
⇒ x =3 [2] 103 [1]
⇒ 5 a = 103 ⇒ a = = 20.6
Or 5
and Σxy = a Σx + b Σx 2
In (34 + 2 ) = 36 L of mixture the ratio of milk
and water is 2 : 1. ⇒ 26 = a × 0 + b × 40
2 26
∴Quantity of milk in 36 L = 36 × ⇒ b= = 0.65
3 40
[2]
= 24 L The linear trend
yt = a + bx
37. (i) Here, n = 100, p = 6%
6 ∴ yt = 20.6 + 0.65x [2]
∴λ = np = 100 × =6 Or
100
P(no defective pen) = P( X = 0 ) For determining seasonal variation by ratio-to-trend
λ0e − λ method, first we will determine the trend of yearly data
= and then convert it to quarterly data.
0!
= e− λ = e− 6 [1] Table for calculating trend values

(ii) P(exactly 3 defective pens) Trend

3 −λ
Yearly x = values
λe Year Yearly 2
average t − 2010 xy x
= P( X = 3) = (t) totals yt
3! (y) = a + bx
63 ⋅e − 6
= = 36e − 6 [1] 2008 140 35 −2 − 70 4 32
6
2009 180 45 −1 − 45 1 44
(iii) P( X = 4) = P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1) + P( X = 2 )
+ P( X = 3) + P( X = 4) 2010 200 50 0 0 0 56
 60
61
62 63 64  2011 260 65 +1 + 65 1 68
= e − 6 + + + +  [1]
 0 ! 1! 2 ! 3! 4!  2012 340 85 +2 + 170 4 80

=e −6
[1 + 6 + 18 + 36 + 54] Σx 2 = 10
Σ y = 280 Σx = 0 Σxy =120
−6
= 115e [1]
Or [2]
The equation of the straight line trend is yt = a + bx.
P( X ≥ 2 ) = 1 − [P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1)]
Σy 280
= 1 − e − 6(1 + 6) Since, Σx = 0, a = = = 56
n 5
= 1 − 7e − 6 [2] Σ xy 120
and b= = = 12
38. Here, n = 5 is odd. Σx2 10
12
Hence, middle year i.e. 1989 taken as origin. ∴ Quarterly increment = =3
4 [2]