Seatwork

Management of the Boar

1. Introduction:

Herd boars influence the swine breeding program in two important ways. One, they
provide a source of genetic improvement and two, they have an effect on farrowing rate and litter
size. In addition, replacement boars can be a potential source for the introduction of disease into
a herd.
2. Buying Replacement Boars:

Purchase boars at least 45-60 days before they are needed for breeding. This allows
ample time to locate superior animals and, once they are selected, to check their health, acclimate
them to new environmental conditions, and test-mate or evaluate them for reproductive
soundness. Boars should be ready for use when they are about 8 months of age.
3. Transporting Newly Purchased Boars:

Many suppliers offer a delivery service to their customers. Regardless of who transports
the boars, proper care insures maximum animal performance by minimizing stresses, injuries and
diseases. Any stress or disease that causes extremes in body temperatures can lower fertility or
even produce temporary sterility which might last 6-8 weeks. Therefore, carefully follow these
suggestions when transporting newly purchased boars:
• Avoid shipping boars that have been fed within an hour or two before loading. Provide a safe,
well-built loading and unloading facility.
• Clean and sanitize the truck/trailer before transporting the boars.
• Provide a covered truck/trailer with suitable bedding (sand in summer, straw in winter) and
protection against weather.
• Use a divider when hauling unfamiliar boars in the same truck/trailer.
• Avoid harsh handling of animals while loading and unloading.
4. Handling Newly Purchased Boars:

Newly purchased boars should be isolated for at least 30 days (preferably 60) in a clean,
sanitized facility located away from the main herd. The isolation area should be protected from
weather, provide adequate space, and be adjacent to an exercise area. Maintain strict biosecurity
measures to prevent disease transmission. Observe boars daily for signs of illness and contact a
veterinarian if needed. Deworm and vaccinate during the first week. After 30 days, blood test for
brucellosis, pseudorabies, TGE, and other diseases. Continue isolation until all test results are
received and evaluated. Gradually introduce the boars to the herd's environment to allow them to
build immunity.
5. Assessing Boar Breeding Potential:

Boar power requirements vary based on factors like farrowing schedule, AI use, mating
system, and boar age (see Table 1 for guidelines). Boars used in individual mating systems need
time to adjust to breeding, so gradually introduce them into the rotation. Avoid overusing boars,
as frequent mating can decrease sperm count (Figure 1). Allow boars a period of rest to ensure
optimal sperm production and maintain healthy farrowing rates.
6. Health Care for Boars:

Observe boars daily for signs of abnormal behavior such as lack of appetite, listlessness
or lameness. It is also good to have a high-low thermometer in the breeding area and the boar
housing facility. Record high and low temperatures daily on the breeding records, especially
during the summer months. Vaccination of boars for reproductive diseases such as leptospirosis,
erysipelas and parvovirus, and treatment for mange and lice every 6 months are good
precautionary practices. Every 6 to 8 months tusks on the boars should be trimmed or cut and
preputial hairs around the sheath should be removed.
7. Feeding Boars:

During the initial isolation period, feed boars a diet similar to the seller's to minimize
relocation stress. Gradually transition them to the buyer's diet. Feed young boars a balanced 14%
protein diet, adjusting the amount based on age, condition, and housing (5-6.5 pounds per day).
Overfeeding can lead to reproductive problems. A well-balanced sow gestation diet is suitable
for breeding boars. When limit-feeding, ensure adequate protein, vitamins, and minerals are
provided. For detailed information on boar feeding, refer to the Tri State Swine Nutrition Guide,
Bulletin 869.
8. Housing and Environment:

When using the individual mating system, pen boars separately in crates which are 28in.
wide x 7ft long or pens 6x8ft. Individual housing of boars eliminates fighting, riding, and
competition for feed which improves longevity (see PIH69, Individual Mating Facilities for
Swine). Groups of boars used in a pen mating system should be penned together when they are
removed from a sow group.
Boars subjected to temperatures over 85˚F may have reduced semen quality, resulting
in reduced fertility up to 4-6 weeks after the stress period. Even a short-term heat stress (3-4
days) can reduce semen quality. Females bred to boars that have been subjected to heat stress
may have a lowered farrowing rate and smaller litter sizes.
Conclusion:
1. Purchase boars early.
2. Use proven selection criteria (see PIG 06-02-04, Application of Selection Concepts for
Genetic Improvement).
3. Be aware of the potential of introducing new diseases into your herd. Select boars from
herds which can provide good health records.
4. Isolate the boars for at least 30 days prior to use.
5. Test-mate with gilts and get a semen evaluation if possible.
 6. Maximize fertility by providing adequate boar power, rotating boars or individual-
mating, providing an adequate breeding area, keeping them cool during the summer months
and using other sound management practices.
7. Keep and use breeding records.

References
PIH-1 – Management of the Boar (Rev 12/93).
PIG 06-02-04 – Application of selection concepts for genetic improvement
PIG 08-03-01 – Semen collection, evaluation and processing
PIG 08-02-01 – Managing boars in artificial insemination centers
Tri State Nutrition Guide, Bulletin 869

Seatwork
Management of the Boar
1. Introduction:

Boars play a crucial role in swine breeding programs, contributing significantly to genetic
improvement and overall herd productivity. Their genetic traits impact litter size, growth rates,
and carcass quality, making the selection and management of boars critical for successful pig
production. By focusing on breeding soundness, health, and nutrition, farmers can optimize boar
performance and enhance the profitability of their swine operations.
2. Buying Replacement Boars:

When buying replacement boars, it is essential to consider factors such as genetic

background, health history, and breeding potential. Selecting boars from reputable breeders with
documented performance data can help ensure genetic progress in the herd. Additionally,
conducting thorough health screenings and quarantine protocols for newly purchased boars can
prevent the introduction of diseases and maintain herd biosecurity. Proper selection and
purchasing practices are crucial for establishing a strong breeding program and achieving
production goals.
3. Transporting Newly Purchased Boars:

Transporting newly purchased boars requires careful planning to minimize stress and
ensure their well-being. Providing adequate ventilation, space, and bedding during transport can
help reduce the risk of injuries and maintain boar comfort. It is important to monitor the animals
closely during transit and handle them gently to prevent injuries and stress-related issues. By
following best practices for animal transport, farmers can safeguard the health and welfare of
newly acquired boars.
4. Handling Newly Purchased Boars:

Proper handling of newly purchased boars is essential to minimize stress and acclimate
them to their new environment. Gentle and calm handling techniques can help build trust and
reduce fear in the animals. Avoiding sudden movements and loud noises can help prevent boars
from becoming agitated during handling. By establishing a routine and positive interaction with
the boars, farmers can facilitate their adjustment and ensure their well-being in the herd.
5. Assessing Boar Breeding Potential:

Assessing boar breeding potential involves evaluating physical conformation,

reproductive performance, and genetic traits essential for herd improvement. Conducting regular
breeding soundness examinations by a veterinarian can assess the boar's fertility and overall
reproductive health. Monitoring mating behavior, semen quality, and response to estrus detection
can provide insights into the boar's breeding capabilities. By assessing these factors regularly,
farmers can make informed decisions on breeding management and optimize reproductive
outcomes in the herd.
6. Health Care for Boars:

Health care for boars is crucial for their well-being and reproductive performance.
Regular health checks, vaccinations, and deworming are essential to prevent diseases and
maintain boar health. Additionally, proper hoof care and monitoring for any signs of illness or
injury are important aspects of boar management. It is recommended to consult with a
veterinarian for a comprehensive health care plan tailored to the specific needs of the boars
(Thompson, 2020).
7. Feeding Boars:

Feeding boars a balanced diet is vital for their growth, reproductive success, and overall
health. Boars should be fed a diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals to support their energy
requirements and ensure optimal reproductive performance. It is essential to adjust feed
quantities based on the age, condition, and housing conditions of the boars to prevent
underfeeding or overfeeding. Consulting a nutritionist or using feeding guidelines from reputable
sources can help optimize boar nutrition (Nguyen, 2019).
8. Housing and Environment:
 Providing appropriate housing and environmental conditions is key to ensuring the well-
being and productivity of boars. Boars require adequate space, ventilation, and protection from
extreme weather conditions to thrive. Proper waste management and cleanliness in the housing
area are essential to prevent the spread of diseases and maintain a healthy environment for the
boars. Ensuring comfortable bedding, access to clean water, and a well-maintained living space
contributes to the overall welfare of the boars (SMITH, 2018).
Conclusion:
In conclusion, effective management of boars involves comprehensive health care, proper
nutrition, and suitable housing and environmental conditions. By prioritizing regular health
checks, tailored feeding programs, and optimal living conditions, boars can maintain good health
and reproductive performance. Collaborating with veterinarians, nutritionists, and experts in boar
management can help farmers implement best practices for managing boars and ultimately
contribute to successful swine production (Williams, 2021).
References:
https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g2503
https://porkgateway.org/resource/breeding-boar-nutrient-recommendations-and-feeding-
management/