13 Genre Text1
13 Genre Text1
13 Genre Text1
OF
GENRE
Disusun oleh
Drs. NOFRI ANTEN. M.Pd
GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SMA 4 SOLOK
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DAFTAR ISI
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8. Explanation Text..............................................................................................................28
What is Explanation?................................................................................................................28
Example of Explanation Text.....................................................................................................29
A. Tsunami.........................................................................................................................29
B. How Day and Night Happen..........................................................................................29
C. Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight................................................30
9. Hortatory Exposition Text................................................................................................30
What is Hortatory Exposition?..................................................................................................30
Example of Hortatory Exposition..............................................................................................31
A. Watch your Kids While Watching TV.............................................................................31
B. More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory..........................................................32
C. Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text..................................................33
D. Millions from Property Market; a hortatory exposition text.........................................34
10. Report Text......................................................................................................................34
What is Report?........................................................................................................................34
Example of Report Text............................................................................................................35
A. Platypus; a report text...................................................................................................35
11. Spoof Text.......................................................................................................................36
What is Spoof?..........................................................................................................................36
Example of Spoof text...............................................................................................................37
A. “That Phone is Off”........................................................................................................37
B. Saved by Stilts................................................................................................................38
C. Private Conversation.....................................................................................................39
D. Nasreddin’s Coat...........................................................................................................39
E. Penguin in the Park.......................................................................................................40
12. Recount Text...................................................................................................................41
What is Recount?......................................................................................................................41
Example of Recount text...........................................................................................................41
A. Vacation to London.......................................................................................................41
B. Between Recount and Narrative...................................................................................42
C. Visiting Bali....................................................................................................................42
D. My Horrible Experience.................................................................................................43
E. My Grandpa’s Funeral in Toraja....................................................................................44
13. Review Text.....................................................................................................................45
Example of Review text............................................................................................................46
A. Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses................................................................................46
B. Good Translation...........................................................................................................47
C. Recording Mommy Journey...........................................................................................47
D. Good Young Mother......................................................................................................48
E. Recommended Software Applications...........................................................................48
14. Similarities and differenties.............................................................................................48
A. The Differences between Report and Descriptive Text.................................................48
B. Between Explanation and Procedure Text.....................................................................49
C. Between Recount and Narrative...................................................................................49
D. Between Explanation and Procedure Text.....................................................................50
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15. A Complete Overview Of Tex Types.................................................................................50
16. Bentuk Soal Reading........................................................................................................54
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I. Understanding Types of Text
Text can be classified into several types. The term of 'type' is sometime stated as 'genre'. These
types of text are;
1. Analytical Exposition 8. Explanation
2. Anecdote 9. Hortatory Exposition
3. Descriptive 10. Report
4. Narrative 11. Spoof
5. Procedure 12. Recount
6. News Items 13. Review
7. Discussion
These classification on type of text are based on analysis of three main elements of
text. These elements of text are:
The purpose of the text; why is the text made?, what is text made for by its writer
The generic structure of the text; analyzing the used structure in composing the text, in
what way is the text constructed by its writer.
The language feature; taking a look at the linguistic characterizations of the text, what
kind of language feature is used to build the text by its writer.
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3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that smoking is
not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not smoke
but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking habit.
Reiteration: This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like
conclusive paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this
example of analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers
and people around smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette
Companies
B. Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis
US financial crisis and its contagion to Europe and the rest of the world could
also create new opportunity for Indonesia in term of foreign direc investment and
the development of basic infrastructure.
As the US, financial crisis has now spread to Europe, the oil-rich countries
such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Arab Emirate which have accumulated hundreds
of billion of Dollars in their foreign reserve, are now reviewing their holding or
investment vehicle. They are looking for more diversified investment outside the
US and Europe.
Because of unfavorable political developments in Thailand and Malaysia
over the past few months, Indonesia which has largely Muslim population could
become one of these oil-rich countries' favorite place for foreign direct
investment. That wil be true if the conditions, legal and market infrastructures are
conducive for Islamic financial instruments.
The government had improved the legal framework with the recent actment
of laws on sharia banking and bonds. The long term nature of Islamic bonds could
make them the most suitable investment instrument for Indonesia, as these
bonds grant an investor a share in an asset along with the cash flows and risks
commensurate with such ownership.
The financial crisis that has gripped the globe and weakening economic
growth in the rest of the world will serve to the government to accelerate the
investment reform measures in order to grab the hidden opportunity in the global
crisis. (Simplified from the jakartapos.com on Oct 9)
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Conventionally, students need book, pen, eraser, drawing book, ruler and
such other stuff. Additionally, in this multimedia era, students need more to reach
their progressive development. Students need mobile keyboards to record every
presented subject easily. Of course it will need more cost but it will deserve for its
function.
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provided, it will bring the better understanding for Indian moviegoer. Hollywood
movie spread over other Asia countries. Therefore, Arabic translation, Indonesian
translation and Farsi translation are widely needed and that is a big chance for
English master in that countries.
India is likely being an English speaking country. India translation will grow
better and. It seems Indonesia, Malaysia and Filipina will reach that mark too
soon. Translation job will be great in amount and that is good development for
translating job seekers.
E. Writing is a Great for Money Online
The emergence of the internet has given internet entrepreneurs many ways
to make money. Writers are one group that have benefited from their talents as a
result in the rise of internet based jobs.
Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money online determined
by the owner of the blog. They are very popular because of tBlogs are usually
written on a certain subject area but can vary as its content is heir simplicity to get
up and running. There are many free websites out there that will help you set up
your own blog if you choose to go that route because blog plus advertisement is a
potential money
Article writing is also good money to earn money online. Make sure to gear
your articles to promote and advertise you own business ventures. These articles
are a free way to market the products and services you offer for free. The most
effective advertising with these articles comes from the dialogue box that is
inserted at the end of each article. These dialogue boxes contain links to basically
any website you would like to drive traffic to. For instance, you might have one
link in your dialogue box to a product you are selling and one to a blog where you
are promoting a discussing other products.
Writing takes some time to gain credibility through but once it's done'
earning potential can become very powerful.
2. Anecdote Text
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What is Anecdote?
1. Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its
purpose is to entertain the readers.
2. Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident.
3. Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Example of Anecdote
A. Blessing behind Tragedy
There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with
nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved.
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They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken
several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport.
They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life
in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was
bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy.
Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there Small Notes
were being quarantined for long days. They were in 2. Anecdote (Cerita Lucu)
quarantine when the departure time came. The
Ciri Umum:
family dreams were dashed. They could not make
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
the trip to America as they had planned.
Menceritakan kejadian/peristiwa lucu
The father was full of disappointed and anger. berdasarkan khayalan atau peristiwa
He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved nyata yang bertujuan menghibur.
without him and his family. He shed tears of (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
disappointment. He cursed both his son and God Abstrak (Abstract)
Pengenalan (Orientation)
for the misfortune. Krisis (Crisis)
Five days latter, the tragic news spread Tindakan (Incident)
throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, Koda (Coda)
had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan:
seruan/kata seru, pertanyaan retorik
with it. Titanic which had been called the dan kata-kata seperti Listen to this!
unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it And do you know what? It’s awful,
was. isn’t it? dsb.
The Clak family should have been on that action verbs, misalnya go, write,
dsb.
ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they
conjunctions yang berhubungan
were left behind. When the father heard the news, dengan waktu, seperti then,
he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the afterwards, dsb.
family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was
a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)
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Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God
because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was
not a tragedy but a blessing.
3. Description Text
MacQuarie University
Identification Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in
Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th anniversary.
Description The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney,
where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for
the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the
city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved
beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district
of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing
university.
Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe,
Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and
enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing
balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus.
This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of
Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely
to pleasurably recollect.
One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It
comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass
amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles,
native plants and eucalypts.
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Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1
time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway
station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible
in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful
site.
Example of Description
A. My Friend's New Shoes
I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want
to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her
appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes
products. This shoes really matches on her.
Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on
that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most
suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand
represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.
She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all
genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide
varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive
way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.
B. Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under
Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in
Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by
the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and
consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and
surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three
are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is
crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to
the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of
borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at
Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983
is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
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Small Notes Description; describing the Borobudur
Description (Deskripsi)
temple in parts; eight terraces of
Borobudur temple and its
Ciri Umum:
characteristics
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Language Feature Analysis
Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda
Using adjective and classifiers;
atau tempat tertentu secara spesifik.
valuable
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Using simple present tense; Borobudur
Identification; Identifikasi tentang topik
yang akan dideskripsikan, is well-known,The temple is
Misalnya: I have many pets, but my constructed, etc
favourite one is a cat.
Description; berisi deskripsi tentang bagian-
bagiannya. 4. Narrative Text
Misalnya tampilan fisik (physical
appearance), kualitas, perilaku umum, What is Narrative?
sifat-sifat (characteristic). 1. Definition of Narrative
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Narrative is a text focusing specific
Menggunakan: participants. Its social function is to tell
nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house,my stories or past events and entertain the
cat, dsb.
readers.
simple present tense.
detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan
2. Generic Structure of Narrative
informasi tentang subjek, misalnya It was a A narrative text consists of the following
large open rowboat, a sweet young lady, structure:
dsb.
1. Orientation: Introducing the
berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat
describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya, participants and informing the time
two strong legs, sharp white fangs, dsb. and the place
relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi 2. Complication: Describing the rising
tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is realy
cool, It has very thick fur, dsb.
crises which the participants have to
thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk do with
mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis 3. Resolution: Showing the way of
tentang subjek, misalnya Police believe the participant to solve the crises, better
suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal, or worse
dsb.
action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites
3. Language Features of Narrative
our shoes, dsb. Using processes verbs
abverbials untuk memberikan informasi Using temporal conjunction
tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, Using Simple Past Tense
misalnya fast, at the tree house, dsb.
4. Examples and structures of the text
bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metafor,
misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tight,dsb
Snow White
Orientation Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow
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White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents
were dead.
Complication 1 One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about
leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to
go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take
Snow White.
Resolution 1 Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this
so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next
morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle
were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Complication 2 Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one
answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Resolution 2 Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from
work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping.
Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs
said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow
White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live
here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then
Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White
and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
Example of Narative
A. Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks
Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of
Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to
just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also
rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As
they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave
her some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The
third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat.
After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She
ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before.
Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks
could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her.
“Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the
sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”.
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Narrative Complication in Generic Structure
As it is said many times that, the heart of narrative text is the existence of
the complication. It will drive the plot of the story to keep amusing. The
existence of conflict inside the
Small Notes Queen Maura is what builds the
Narrative (Naratif, dongeng) story keep running. The
Ciri Umum: psychological conflict inside Maura,
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: which she strikes against herself, is
Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca (yang arousing the reader’s attention to
bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal continue reading the story. They
atau peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke want to know what next will
suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya
menemukan suatu penyelesaian).
happen, who will be chosen by
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Queen Maura; in what way she will
decide who the best is. Keeping
Orientation; Pengenalan tokoh, waktu,
dan tempat terjadinya peristiwa. knowing them really entertaining as
Complication; Masalah, konflik dalam well increasing the moral value
cerita. added.
Resolution; Penyelesaian masalah. Orientation: the text introduces the
Koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada Queen Maura and three sheiks in
tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik
Arabia once time.
dari cerita.
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Complication: Queen Maura finds
Menggunakan: out that it was very difficult to
nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, choose one as the best among them
hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita,
Resolution: finally Queen Maura has
misalnya, stepsisters, housework, dsb.
a convincing way to choose one and
adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase,
misalnya, long black hair, two red apples, he is Sheik Hakim
dsb.
B. The Smartest Parrot
time connectives dan conjunctions untuk
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful
mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya
then, before that, soon, dsb. parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The
adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk
parrot could say every word, except one
menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, word. The parrot would not say the name of
misalnya here, in the mountain, happily ever the place where it was born. The name of
after,dsb. the place was Catano.
action verbs dalam past tense; stayed, The man felt excited having the
climbed, dsb. smartest parrot but he could not understand
saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: why the parrot would not say Catano. The
said, told, promised, dan thinking verbs yang
man tried to teach the bird to say Catano
menandai pikiran, persepsi atau perasaan
tokoh dalam cerita, misalnya thought, however the bird kept not saying the word.
understood, felt, dsb. At the first, the man was very nice to
the bird but then he got very angry. “You
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stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano!
Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would
not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano
or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.
One day after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the
man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the
chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid as the
chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You
know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid
parrot”. After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and
was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were
three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and
screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”.
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They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very
angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the
word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and
talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was
shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth
formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is
known as Toba Lake.
D. Cinderella 1
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step
mother and two step sisters.
The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated
Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the
house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for
the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their
mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was
going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time
choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went
the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy
godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said
Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking,
uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a
coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her
wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass
slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she
drove in her beautiful coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the
king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly
as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.
A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet
fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them,
no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let
Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It
fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again.
They were married and live happily ever after.
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Orientation: They were Cinderella her self as the main character of the story, her
step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which supported
her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was introduced
as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her step
mother and sisters.
Complication: In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major
Complication and Minor Complication.
The second paragraph is the major complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella
got bad treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into
several minor complications which Cinderella has to overcome.
Resolution: Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution.
In the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy
resolution of the bad treatment.
5. Procedure Text
What is Procedure?
1. Definition of Procedure
Procedure is a text that shows a process in order. Its social function is to describe how
something is completely done through a sequence of series
2. Generic Structure of Procedure
1. Goal: showing the purpose
2. Material: Telling the needed materials
3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose
3. Language Feature of Procedure
Using temporal conjunction
Using action verb
Using imperative sentence
Using Simple Present Tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Example of Procedure
A. Planting Chilies
Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The
Small Notes
following is guided information on how to plant a chili-
Procedure (Prosedur)
plant easily. Here are the steps.
Ciri Umum:
Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be
Memberi petunjuk tentang cara
in open area melakukan sesuatu melalui
Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after serangkaian tindakan atau
that let it be bigger. langkah.
Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
bigger and bigger and yield us some fresh chilies soon. Aim/Goal; Tujuan kegiatan
Materials; Bahan-bahan
Generic Structure Analysis Note: Materials are
not required for all
Goal; informing on how to plant chillies. Procedure text
Material; excluded Steps; Langkah-langkah.
Steps; showing the steps or method in planting (c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
chillies; from drying seed to putting the sprout in Menggunakan:
big pot. pola kalimat imperative,
Language Feature Analysis misalnya, Cut, Don’t mix,
Imperative sentences; dry a handful seeding, put dsb.
it, etc action verbs, misalnya turn,
Action verb; put, dry, etc put, don’t, mix, dsb.
Temporal conjunction; next, finally, firstly, connectives untuk
mengurutkan kegiatan,
secondly misalnya then, while, dsb.
Simple present tense pattern; planting is a nice adverbials untuk
activity, the following is a guided information menyatakan rinci waktu,
tempat, cara yang akurat,
misalnya for five minutes, 2
B. Writing For Business centimetres from the top,
Writing something for your business can be pretty dsb.
intimidating. Well, you don't have to.
Here's a simple checklist to follow. I'm not saying that following these rules will
make your company the next Google, but it will help.
Firstly, take the topic of benefits, not features. Your customers don't care about you.
They want to know "What's in it for me?"
Secondly, write your benefit like you talk it. Use regular words. Read aloud what
you've written. How does it sound?
Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company may, might or
should help customers but talk about how your company will.
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Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are short. Mix them
up and keep things interesting.
Fifthly,re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily. It's so easy to
make mistakes which you don't notice the first time through.
Simplified from: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Daniel_F_O'connor
Town ‘Contaminated
Newsworthy Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of
events another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and
contaminated an entire town.
Background Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people
Events who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval
base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the
Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and
nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union.
Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class
submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear
explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove
more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to
secrecy.
Sumber A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst
Informasi accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.
Sources
Example of Procedure
A. Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms
Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect
against HIV, a news report said.
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get
exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was
quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day,
which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for
HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were
diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian
have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily
rising.
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Small Notes Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah
Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex
News Item (Berita) workers, many women who contract HIV are
Ciri Umum: housewives, were infected unknowingly by their
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that
Memberitakan kepada condoms can protect them. But there are some men
pembaca, pendengar atau who don’t care to take precaution, even though they
penonton tentang peristiwa- know they have HIV” she said.
peristiwa atau kejadian- (Source The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008)
kejadian yang dipandang
penting atau layak diberitakan.
Generic Structure Analysis
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic
News worthy event: Malaysian women is
structure
urged to carry condoms to protect HIV.
Newsworthy events;
Kejadian inti. Background event 1: International
Background Events; Latar Memorial Day was held openly in Malaysia
belakang kejadian, orang to reduce stigma for HIV victims.
yang terlibat, tempat Background event 2: The number of
kejadian dsb. Malaysian women who are infected with
Sources; komentar saksi HIV is steadily rising.
kejadian, pendapat para Source: Malaysian Aids Council president
ahli, dsb.
said that there were some men who did
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
not care to take precaution even though
Informasi singkat tertuang
they knew they had HIV
dalam headline
Menggunakan action verbs B. Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Sex
Menggunakan saying verbs, A 45-year old Indonesian maid admitted having sex
misalnya say, tell, dsb. with her Hong Kong employer’s 14-year old son after
Menggunakan kata watching internet porn together.
keterangan, misalnya badly The maid is a divorcee and a mother of two
children. The maid, named Suwartin, had worked with
the boy family for 11 years.
A court heard how the maid had sex with the boy in relationship that lasted five
months. The boy tried to end the affair but she refused. The teenager eventually
confessed to the relationship to the leader of Christian group he belonged to.
Then the maid was arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of committing an
indecent act with underage partner. She will be sentenced in two week’s time.
She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of what she had
done for the rest of life. “She had acted out of loneliness” the maid’s lawyer said.
(Adapted from Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)
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Background event: The maid is a divorcee. She had worked in the boy
family for 11 years. She had relationship the boy for five months. She
apologized and felt guilty
Source: The maid lawyer said that the maid had acted out of loneliness
C. Indonesian Maid beheaded
An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of
killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.
The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second
execution in the country.
The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her
jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the
conservative desert kingdom.
Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law
executed more than 130 people.
(Taken from: www.news.bbc.co.id)
Generic Structure Analysis
Main event; an Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia.
Background 1; the maid was found guilty of suffocating her bos.
Background 2; serious crimes can carry death penalty in Saudi Arabia.
Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than 130 people last year.
Resource; the Saudi Interior Minister statement.
Language Feature Analysis
Focussing circumtances; law of serious crimes.
Using material process; behead, execute, carry, etc
7. Discussion Text
What is Discussion?
1. Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be
discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical,
historic, and social text.
2. Generic Structure of Discussion
Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting
point
Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse
3. Language Feature of Discussion
Introducing category or generic participant
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Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand,
however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
4. Examples and structures of the text
Homework
Issue I have been wondering if homework is necessary.
Statement I think we should have homework because it helps us to learn and
of issue and revise our work.
Preview Homework helps people who aren’t very smart to remember what
they have learned. Homework is really good because it helps with
our education.
Statement But, many times, doing homework is not a great idea. I think we
of various shouldn’t have homework because I like to go out after school to a
viewpoints restaurant or the movies. Sometimes homework is boring and not
important.
I think homework is bad because I like to play and discuss things
with my family.
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part
of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts
of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The
advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
It is reliable.
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On the other hand, nuclear power is
Small Notes
very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up
Discussion (Pembahasan)
and buried for many years to allow the
radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, Ciri Umum:
although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a Mengetengahkan suatu masalah (isu)
yang ditinjau paling tidak dari 2 (dua)
nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada
People are increasingly concerned suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
power was the fastest growing source of Isu;(statement of issue and Preview)
power in many parts of the world.
Pendapat yang mendukung:
Gagasan Pokok 1,
Note on the Generic Structure of
Elaborasi (uraian),
Discussion Text
Gagasan Pokok 2,
Discussion is a process to find the meet
Elaborasi (uraian).
point between two different ideas. It is
Pendapat yang menentang:(Statement of
important to to get the understanding various viewpoints)
between the two differences. In many
Gagasan Pokok,
social activities, discussion is the
Elaborasi (uraian),
effective way to calm down any friction
Kesimpulan.(conclusion or
and difference in thought, perception recomendation)
and recommendation. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
This example of discussion text present Menggunakan:
the two poles, between the advantage
general nouns untuk menyatakan kategori,
and disadvantage of using nuclear plant misalnya uniforms, alcohol, dsb,
to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case relating verbs untuk memberi informasi
which need to be talked and discussed tentang isu yang didiskusikan, misalnya
from two points. They are represented in smoking is harmful, dsb.
the generic structure which is used: thinking verbs untuk mengungkapkan
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, pandangan pribadi penulis, misalnya feel,
it is stated that using nuclear power can believe, hope, dsb.
be the choice in fulfilling the needed additives, contrastives dan causal
connectives untuk menghubungkan
energy. argumen, misalnya similarly, on the hand,
Supporting Point: In the second however, dsb.
paragraph, it is presented the detailed noun groups untuk memberikan
advantages of nuclear power plant to be informasi secara padu, misalnya the
used as the source of the world's energy dumping of unwanted kittens, dsb.
needed modalities, seperti perhaps, must, should,
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph should have been, could be, dsb.
shows the balance. It gives the adverbials of maner, misalnya deliberately,
hopefully, dsb.
contradictory idea in using nuclear
power plant as the resource of energy.
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Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people
should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.
B. Hunting Fox
Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe
that it is cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is
a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.
8. Explanation Text
What is Explanation?
1. Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
2. Generic structure of Explanation
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
3. Language Feature
Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Making Paper from Woodchips
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A general Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper
statement products from forest trees.
The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut
down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
A sequenced Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then
explanation of the logs are taken to the mill.
why or how At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are
something taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called
occurs woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other
impurities.
At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed
into pulp by chemicals and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
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Small Notes This process is called revolution. The revolution
process causes the changes of the season
Explanation Text
Ciri Umum:
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: C. Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter
Menerangkan proses-proses yang Daylight
terjadi dalam pembentukan atau In the summer, the amount of daylight
kegiatan yang terkait dengan that we get is more than we get in winter. This is
fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial- not because as much people think we are closer
budaya, atau lainnya yang bertujuan
menjelaskan.
to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
Struktur Teks/Generic structure
The earth is actually closer to the sun in
winter than it is in summer but you would be
A general statement; Penjelasan umum
forgiven for thinking that this can not be true
A sequenced explanation of why or
how something occurs; Penjelasan after looking out of your window on a cold and
proses frosty morning.
Penutup. It seems strange that as the earth get
Ciri Kebahasaan: closer to the sun during its orbit then the
Menggunakan; amount of daylight that we get decrease. But
general dan abstract nouns, misalnya that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that
word chopping, earthquakes; determine the amount of daylight that we get
action verbs; and so the length of time that for us the sun is
simple present tense; above the horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)
passive voice;
Generic Structure Analysis
conjunctions of time dan cause;
General statement; stating the
noun phrase, misalnya the large cloud;
phenomenon whic daylight in summer is
abstract nouns, misalnya the
temperature; longer than in winter.
adverbial phrases;
Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that
complex sentences;
determines the amount of daylight not the
distance of the earth from the sun.
bahasa teksni;
Language Feature Analysis
kalimat pasif
Focusing generic participant; daylight.
Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.
Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.
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2. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
3. Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Thesis In all discussion over the removal of lead from petrol ( and the
atmosphere), there doesn’t seem to have been any mention of
the diffence between driving in the city and in the country.
Arguments While I realise my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever
I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country,where
you only see another car every five to ten minutes,the problem
is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.
Those who want to penalise older , leaded petrol vehicles and
their owners donn’t seem to appreciate thet in the country
there is no public transport to fall back upon and ones own
vehicle is the only way to get about.
Recomendation I feel that country people, who often have to travel huge
distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great
deal of money on petrol,should be treated differently to the
people who live in the city
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Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV
during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep
duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount
of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the
possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV
a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following
tips:
Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day
Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms
Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch
Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show
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To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing
number of dust bins.
When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral
water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders
learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the
rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.
Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school
environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent
enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough.
More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along
of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students
want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of
discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and
become a very nice place to study.
33
D. Millions from Property Market; a hortatory
Small Notes exposition text
Hortatory Exposition (eksposisi Dear friend,
hortatory) Are you tired of the daily grind? Sick of working
Ciri Umum: all hours of the day for litle reward? Tired of having
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks enough money to really enjoy yourself? Well, now
(Communicative Purpose) there is a way out.
Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi We can show the way to give up work. Sit back
audience (pendengar/pembaca) and make millions for yourself and your loved ones
bahwa seharusnya demikian atau on property market.
tidak demikian . Albert Smith felt just like you untill he read our
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure leaflet. Now he drives a sport car arround the South
Thesis; Pernyataan isu yang of France and his wife has one of her own too.
dipersoalkan
Generic Structure Analyse
Arguments: berupa alasan mengapa
ada keprihatinan, dan mengarah ke
Thesis; there is a way out of financial problem.
rekomendasi Argument; Albert Smith is the proof.
Recomendation: pernyataan Recommendation; Join property market !
tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau Language Feature Analysis
tidak seharusnya Using abstract noun; reward
(c) Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan: Using action verb; give up, make, etc
Abstrac nouns,misalnya Using thinking verb; felt
policy,government dsb. Using simple present tense; are you tired?, he
Technical verbs, misalnya species of drives a sport car, etc
animals,dsb.
Relating verbs, misalnya should be, 10. Report Text
doesn’t seem to have been , dsb.
Action verbs, misalnya, we must What is Report?
save, dsb. 1. Definition of Report
Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe , Report is a text which presents information about
dsb.
something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic
Modal verbs, misalnya We must observation and analysis
preserve, dsb.
Modal adverbs, misalnya 2. Generic Structure of Report
certainly,we, dsb. 1. General classification: Stating classification of
Connectives, misalnya firstly, general aspect of thing; animal, public place,
secondly, dsb. plant, etc which will be discussed in general
Simple present tense 2. Description: Describing the thing which will
Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, be discussed in detail; part per part , customs
valuable, dsb. or deed for living creature and usage for
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) materials
3. Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
34
• Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
35
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male
platypus does not need any burrow, etc
Small Notes
Report
Ciri Umum:
Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau
analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-
gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk
binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya.
General Clasification; Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan
klasifikasinya.
Description:tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or
behaviors; Gambaran dari fenomena yang akan didiskusikan seperti bagian – bagiannya, kebiasaan atau
tingkah laku jika benda hidup, kegunaannya jika non natural.
Menggunakan:
action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb.
present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo dragons usually weight more than
160 kg, dsb.
What is Spoof?
1. Definition and Social Function of Spoof
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable
and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.
36
2. Generic Structure of Spoof
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist
3. Language Feature of Spoof
1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order
4. Examples and structures of the text
37
Small Notes
Spoof (Laporan kejadian atau
peristiwa lucu) Notes on the Spoof’s Generic
Ciri Umum: Structure
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Orientation: Dave was a lucky
Menceritakan kejadian, peristiwa man. He suddenly became a
aneh atau lucu berdasarkan very rich man because of the
kejadian atau peristiwa dalam death of his rich uncle who
kehidupan nyata yang bertujuan
menghibur, yang biasa diakhiri
had no children. He inherited
dengan sesuatu yang tidak his uncle’s money.
diharapkan (twist). Event 1: Being rich, he wanted
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure to set up his estate company
Pengenalan; Event 2: He had his new office.
Kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan In his office, he pretended to
1; be a very successful
Kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan businessman. He acted as had
2;
an important client. He
Twist (akhir yang tidak
terduga atau lucu). showed by making
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan: conversation on the phone.
Terfokus pada orang, Twist: The man whom he
binatang, benda tertentu; showed is a telephone
Menggunakan action verbs, technician. He came to Dave’s
misalnya eat, run; office to connect that phone.
Menggunakan keterangan
waktu dan tempat; B. Saved by Stilts
Menggunakan past tense; The king wanted to test Abu Nawas’
Disusun sesuai dengan urutan smartness. So he invited Abu Nawas to the palace.
“You want me, your Majesty?” greeted Abu Nawas.
“Yes, you have fooled me three times and that’s too much. I want you to leave the
country. Otherwise you will have to go to jail” said the king. “If that is what you want, I
will do what you said” said Abu Nawas sadly. Then “Remember, from tomorrow you may
not step on the ground of this country anymore” the king said seriously. Then Abu nawas
left the king palace sadly.
The following morning the king ordered his two guards to go to Abu Nawas’ house.
The guards were very surprised found Abu Nawas still in his house. He had not left the
country yet. Instead leaving the country, Abu Nawas was swimming in small pool in front
of his house. “Hey Abu Nawas, why haven’t you left this country yet? The king ordered
you not to step on the ground of this country anymore, didn’t he?” said the guards. “Sure
he did” answered Abu Nawas calmly. “But look at me! Do I step on the ground of this
country? No, I do not step on the ground. I am swimming on the water” continued Abu
Nawas.
The guards were not able to argue with Abu Nawas so they left Abu Nawas’ house
and went back to the palace. The guards reported what they had seen to the king. The
38
king was curious on Abu Nawas’ excuse not to leave the country. Therefore the king
ordered his guard to call Abu Nawas to come to the palace.
Abu Nawas came to the palace on stilts. The king wondered and said “Abu, I will
surely punish you because you haven’t done what I have said. You have not left this
country”. The King continued “And now, look at you. You walk on stilts like a child. Are
you crazy? The king pretended to be furious.
“I remember exactly what you said, Your Majesty” Abu Nawas answered calmly.
“This morning I took a bath in the small pool in my house so that I had not to step on the
ground. And since yesterday, I have been walking on this stilts. So you see, Your Majesty,
I do not step on the ground of this country”. The king was not able to say anything.
(Adapted from S. Harianto’s Abu Nawas and King Aaron)
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation: Introducing Abu Nawas and the King on the counteracts
about leaving and staying in the country
Event 1: Abu Nawas was swimming on the pool
Event 2: Abu Nawas was walking on the stilts
Twister: Abu Nawas explained that swimming in the pool and walking
on the stilts meant not stepping on the ground of the country
C. Private Conversation
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very
interesting.I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.
They were talking very loudly.I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned
around. I looked at the man and the young woman angrily. They did not pay any
attention.In the end, I could not bear it. I turned around again. “I could not hear a word” I
said angrily.“It’s none of your business” the young man said rudely. “This is a private
conversation”
(From: English New Concept)
D. Nasreddin’s Coat
39
One day Nasreddin had been invited to the dinner party. He went to the party by
wearing old clothes.
When he arrived in the party, nobody looked at him and nobody gave him a seat.
He got no food in the party so he went home and change his clothes
Next he put on his best clothes. He wore his newest coat and went to the party
again. The host at once got up and came to meet him. The host offered him the best table
and gave him a good seat and served him the best food
Nasreddin sat and put off his coat. He put his coat and said; “Eat the food, Coat!”
the hosts and guests were very surprised and asked Nareddin; “What are doing?”
Nasreddin replied calmly; “When I came here with my old clothes, nobody looked at me.
Then I went home and put on my best clothes. I came back in my newest coat and you all
give me this best food and drink. So, you give food to my coat instead of me”. Getting
Nasreddin's answer, they just shook the head.
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation: one day, Nasreddin was invited to a dinner party
Event 1: He was in the party with his old cloth
Event 2: He was in the party with his best newest coat
Twist: Among the hosts and guests, he aske his coat to eat the
served food
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12. Recount Text
What is Recount?
1. Definition of Recount
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either
to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the
participants and that differentiates from narrative
2. Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story
3. Language Feature of Recount
• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
41
the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had Small Notes
booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and
Recount (Laporan peristiwa, kejadian
accommodation. They also included tours around London atau kegiatan masa lampau)
They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly
Ciri Umum
fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read.
Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian
They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their
atau kegiatan dengan tujuan
entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept memberitakan atau menghibur.
part of the way. (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Orientation; Pengenalan, yaitu
Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They memberikan informasi tentang
checked the document carefully but their manners were very siapa, di mana dan kapan;
polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and Events; Rekaman peristiwa,
went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi,
a hotel. yang biasanya disampaikan dalam
urutan kronologis;
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room
Komentar pribadi dan/atau
had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom
ungkapan penilaian;
and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-
Reorientation; Pengenalan ulang
card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a yang merangkum rentetan
restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan.
of food. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the Menggunakan:
14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy. nouns dan pronouns sebagai kata
B. Between Recount and Narrative ganti orang, hewan atau benda
yang terlibat, misalnya David, the
Something which happened in the past is the main monkey, we dsb.
resource to compose both recount and narrative text. In action verbs atau kata kerja
writer's point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be tindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run
what the writer has done, hear, read, and felt. Composing dsb.
recount and narrative is retelling the experiences of the past past tense, misalnya We went to
event to be a present event. the zoo; She was happy dsb.
What does recount differ from narrative? conjunctions dan time connectives
The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the yang mengurutkan peristiwa,
kejadian atau kegiatan, misalnya
generic structure. Recount text presents the past experiences
and, but, then, after that, dsb.
in order of time or place; what happened on Sunday, then on
adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk
Monday, the on Tuesday. In simple way, recount describes mengungkap tempat, waktu dan
series of events in detail. It does not expose the struggle on cara, misalnya yesterday, at my
how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. house, slowly dsb.
On the other hand, narrative introduces crises and how to adjectives untuk menerangkan
solve them. Narrative text always appear as a hard potrait of nouns, misalnya beautiful, funny,
participant's past experience. It reveals the conflict among the dsb.
participants. Cinderella's conflicts with her step mother and
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sister are the example. The conflict is the most important element in a narrative text.
Narrative without comflicts is not narrative any more.
C. Visiting Bali
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to
see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days
swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two
tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud.
On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through
mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town.
The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned
very late in the evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but
to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of
stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of
stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he
stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center
My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent
on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.
D. My Horrible Experience
Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week. When the
earthquake happened, I was on my car. I was driving home from my vocation to Bali.
Suddenly my car lunched to one side, to the left. I thought I got flat tire. I did not
know that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an earthquake when I saw some telephone
and electricity poles falling down to the ground, like matchsticks.
Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbling across the road. I was trapped by the rock. Even I
could not move my car at all. There were rocks everywhere. There was nothing I could do
but left the car and walked along way to my house, in the town.
When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost nothing left. The
earthquake made a lot of damage to my town. Although nothing was left, I thanked God
that nobody was seriously injured.
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• Using linking verb; was, were
• Using action verb; moved, left, walked, made, etc
• Using simple past tense pattern; earthquake happened, I was on the
car, my car lunched on one side, etc
Questions
1. When did the writer attend the funeral?
2. How long did the writer and his family hold the ceremony?
3. What did they do to the corpse before the funeral was done?
4. What did they do after the corpse was placed in a sandal wood coffi n?
5. What did they do on the last day of the ceremony?
Notes:
A recount text is a text that tells you a part of experience. A recount text
has an orientation, a series of events in chronological order, personal
remarks on the events and a reorientation that “rounds off” the
sequence of events. In the text, you find words and phrases used to
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start, connect a sentence with the next one, and end your composition.
Those words and phrases are:
• First,
• Then,
• After that,
• Finally,
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A. Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses
Eyeglasses will become more and more important. It is not only because for
protecting our eyes from the hot light but also for holding the trend. There are a lot of
online sites which provides products of eyeglasses but Zenni Optical was on FOX news! is
just the perfect one.
If we visit the site, we will easily catch various information about eyeglasses. The
site is quite simple but very informative. It is real, easy and not complicated design. With
quick loading this site will bring us quickly in to what we want.
B. Good Translation
Translation is transferring not only words by word but also message to message. In
certain case, it will be quite difficult to make translation. How is to make good Arabic
translation from English phrase of “as white as snow” meanwhile there is no snow in
Arabian?
The basic requirement of a good translator is mastering resource and target
language with all non-linguistic aspect . If he is an English translator and wants to make
Hindi translation, he should understand well the language and aspect of India. Similarly, if
he works with Farsi translation, he has to be familiar with linguistics and non-linguistics of
Farsian.
However, translation providers can bridge that difficulty. The translation experts,
such as India translation will help to fix the problem. The experts who have grammatical,
lexical, sociolinguistics specialization will match in transferring the message from one
language to another language.
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The site consists of several topic; family, motherhood,
shopping, money, love fashion and shopping. These topics are Review (Ulasan atau tinjauan)
close related to her own life. She is not only young but also pretty Ciri Umum:
and she has a kid. These topics will be useful to her. Rosemarie is (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
also interested with making money, internet, business, computer, Melakukan kritik
loan and other interesting stuff. She is a widely knowledge mom. terhadap peristiwa atau
The template design of her site is very girly, pink centered. karya seni untuk
pembaca atau pendengar
She has arranged her site very attractive, fresh and bright. Again, halayak ramai, misalnya
this physical appearing site must represent her personal mood film, pertunjukan, buku,
because she is a young and pretty mom. I like this site and you, dll.
young mothers, surely will like the site too. (b) Struktur Teks:
Pengenalan;(orientation)
D. Good Young Mother
Evaluasi 1;
It is about a young mother. It has a title of yummy mummy. Evaluasi 2;
This blog is representative of her idea of becoming young mother. Tafsir;(Interpretive)
He pours her thought and opinion on this blog in relating her
Evaluasi 3;
position of a mother of kid and a wife of a husband. Beside that,
Evaluasi 4, dsb. Jika ada;
she is trying to monetizing it
Rangkuman.(Evaluative
This blog has fresh physical appearance. She choose green Summation)
border of her template. She is young therefore she has to have a (c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
blog look fresh and energetic. She looks to have strong care to her Terfokus pada partisipan
baby that is why we find her monthly calendar of feeding milk to tertentu;
her baby attaches on the header of the blog. Menggunakan:
She is not only a good mother for her baby but also a good adjectives menunjukkan
wife for her husband. She expresses it in her post labeled wedding sikap, seperti bad, good;
anniversary. It is a romantic scene. In the last she is monetizing klausa panjang dan
this blog. It must help her husband support financially the family. kompleks;
It is really a reference blog for every young mother and wife. metafor.
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