PLANNING, ANALYSING AND

DESIGN OF G+2 RESIDENTIAL

HOUSING COMPLEX

A PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

RITHEESH.S (1919101044)
ARUN.A.P (1919101702)
MOHINTH.K (1919101712)

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SALEM-636005

(An autonomous institution, Affiliated to Anna University Chennai and Approved

by AICTE, New Delhi)

DECEMBER 2022
PLANNING, ANALYSING AND
DESIGN OF G+2 RESIDENTIAL
HOUSING COMPLEX

A PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

RITHEESH.S (1919101044)
ARUN.A.P (1919101702)
MOHINTH.K (1919101712)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,

SALEM.

DECEMBER 2022
 SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SALEM-636005

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “PLANNING,ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF G+2 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING COMPLEX” is the bonafide work of
“RITHEESH.S, MOHINTH.K, ARUN.A.P” who carried out the project work
under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.R.MALATHY Mr.N.KARUPPASAMY
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT supervisor
Department of Civil Engineering Assistant professor
Sona college of Technology Department of Civil Engineering
Salem-636 005 Sona college of Technology.
Salem-636 005.

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on …………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

We jointly declare that the project report PLANNING, ANALYSING AND

DESIGN OF G+2 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING COMPLEX is the result of original
work done by us and best of our knowledge, similar work has not been submitted to
“ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI” for the requirement of Degree of Bachelor of
Civil Engineering. This project report is submitted on the partial fulfilment of the
requirement of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering.

SIGNATURE

RITHEESH.S
ARUN.A.P
MOHINTH.K

PLACE : SALEM

DATE :
 ABSTRACT

The residential building means like house or home to the usage of living
peoples in safely and create a healthy family, In this project Drafting method for design
the plan is by Auto cad The framed type of construction is used for the construction and
the designing of structure is carried out by fun state method with the IS 456 2000 code
book The analysis is carried out by using limit state method. The center line method of
estimation is carried on for calculating the quantity and the rates are adapted from the
current government rates The availability of men and materials is in local itself. The plan
and structural elements such as stab beam, column and footings are designed using limit
state method. This project helps so in exploring knowledge about planning, analyzing and
designing a Residential Building.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our honourable

correspondent Sri.C.VALLIAPPA for providing immense facilities in our
institution.
We are very proudly rendering our thanks to our principal
Dr.S.R.R.SENTHIL KUMAR for the facilities and the encouragement given by
him to the progress andcompletion of our project.

We proudly render our immense gratitude to the head of the department

Dr.R.MALATHY for her effective leadership , encouragement and guidance in
the project.

We are highly indebted to provide our heartfull thanks to our guide prof:
N.KARUPPASAMY, Department of Civil Engineering his guidance, inspiration,
constant encouragement, valuable suggestions, motivation and sustained help
during our project.
We regrade our sincere and heartfull thanks to the project coordinator of the
department Mrs.S.SARANYA who has been the key spring of motivation to us
throughout the completion of our course and project work.

Finally we would like to thank all the faculty members of the Civil
Engineering Department for their constant help and encouragement for the
successful completion to this dissertation work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO
NO
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDINGS 1
1.2 TYPES OF LOADS 3
1.3 COMMON BUILDING COMPNENTS SUPERSTRUCTURE 4
1.4 VASTU 5
1.5 OBJECTIVES 6
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 6
1.7 NEED FOR THE STUDY 6
1.8 SOFTWARE USED 6
2. BUILDING COMPONENTS 7
3. DETAILS OF THE PLAN 9
3.1 GENERAL 9
3.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VASTU 9
3.3 BENEFITS OF EAST FACING HOUSE 10
3.4 STANDARD SIZE OF ROOM IN RESIDENTIALBUILDING 10
ACCORDING TO NBC
4. SPECIFICATION 13
4.1 FOUNDATION 13
4.2 BASEMENT 13
4.3 SAND FILLING IN BASEMENT 13
4.4 DAMP PROOF COURSE 13
4.5 FLOORING CONCRETE 13
4.6 SUPER STRUCTURE 13
4.7 ROOFING 14
4.8 LINTEL 14
4.9 SUNSHADE 14
4.10 PLASTERING FOR SUPER STRUCTURE 14
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 4.11 SOUND PROOFING FOR CEALING & WALL 14
4.12 WEATHERING COURSE 14
4.13 WHITE WASHING 14
4.14 STEPS 14
5. WORKING DRAWING FOR THE PROPOSED BUILDING 15
6. STRUCTURAL DESIGN 19
6.1 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB 19
6.2 BEAM DESIGN 25
6.3 PLINTH BEAM DESIGN 30
6.4 DESIGN OF DOG LEGED STAIR CASE 34
6.5 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN TO SUPPORT BEAMS 39
6.6 DESIGN OF ISOLATED RECTANGULAR FOOTING FOR 44
RECTANGULAR COLUMN
6.7 DESIGN OF LINTEL FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS OPENING 52
6.8 DESIGN OF SUNSHADE OVER DOORS & WINDOWS 54
OUTSIDE
7. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 58
7.1 GENERAL 58
7.2 TYPES OF STRUCTURES 58
7.3 LOADS CONSIDERED 59
7.4 BUILDING DATA FOR ANALYSIS 59
7.5 ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING 60
7.6 POST PROCESSING SUMMARY 64
7.7 BEAM NO.106 DESIGN RESULTS 67
7.8 COLUMN NO.160 DESIGN RESULTS 69
8. STAAD PRO REPORT 71
9. CONCLUSION 76
REFERENCES 77
ANNEXURE 78

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE
PAGE NO
3.1
ENTRANCE FACING DIRECTION 10

AND ITS BENEFITS

3.2 10
VASTU AND DIRECTION
5.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 15
5.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 15
5.3 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 16
5.4 ELEVATION VIEW FOR PROPOSED BUILDING
16
5.5
SECTIONAL “AB” VIEW OF THE BUILDING 17
5.6
COLUMN MARKING FOR THE BUILDING 17
5.7
CENTER TO CENTER DIMENSION FOR THE BUILDING 18
6.1
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB 24
6.2
DESIGN OF BEAM 29
6.3
DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM 33
6.4
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 38
6.5
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN 43
6.6
COLUMN FOOTING DIAGRAM 50
6.7
DESIGN OF SUNSHADE OVER DOORS &WINDOWS 54
OUTSIDE
7.1
SKELETON OF G+2 BUILDING 57
7.2
PROPERTY AND GEOMETRY ASSIGNMENTB OF 58
BEAMS AND COLUMN

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 7.3
RENDERING VIEW OF FRAME AND SLAB 59
7.4
SELF WEIGHT 60
7.5
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM OF STRUCTURE 61
7.6
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM OF STRUCTURE 62

CRITICAL COLUMN AND BEAM IDENTIFICATION 62

7.7
DIAGRAM
7.8
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 63
7.9
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 63
7.10
AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM 63
7.11
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING FOR BEAM 65
7.12
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING FOR COLUMN 66
8.1
DISPLACEMENT 70
8.2
SHEAR ON Y 70
8.3
REACTION 71
8.4
SKELETON VIEW 71
8.5
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE FOR LOAD CASE 1 72
8.6
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE FOR LOAD CASE 2 72

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LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

FFL = Floor finish level

LL = Live load
DL = Dead load
CC = Cement concrete
Cm = Cement mortar
RCC = Reinforced Cement Concrete
PCC = Plain Cement Concrete
MF = Modification Factor
FL = Factored live load
BM = Bending moment
B = Breadth of the beam of slab
D = Overall depth of beam or slab
D = Effective depth of beam or slab
Fck = Characteristics strength of concrete
Fy = Characteristics strength of steel
Lex = Effective length of shorter side of slab
Ley = Effective length of longer side of slab
Sv = Spacing of stirrups
V = Shear force
Vu = Design shear force
W = Total load
Wu = Factored load
Cbc = Compressive strength of concrete
Ast = area of tension steel
Asv = total cross section area of vertical
stirupps
Ld = Development length of bars
Lx = length of room
Ly = width of room
Mu = factored bearing moment
Mx = Moment along x-direction
My = Moment along Y-direction
r = aspect ratio
t = thickness of slab
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
Building construction is the engineering deals with the construction of building such
as residential bones. In a simple building can be define as an enclose space by walls with mot
food, cloth and the basic needs of human beings. In the early ancient times humans lived in
caves, over trees or under trees, to protect themselves from wild animals, rain, sun, etc. as the
times passed as humans being started living in huts made of timber branches. The shelters of
those old have been developed nowadays into beautiful houses. Rich people live in
sophisticated condition houses. Buildings are the important indicator of social progress of the
county. Every human has desire to own comfortable homes on an average generally one
spends his two-third life times in the houses. The security civic sense of the responsibility.
These are the few reasons which are responsible that the person do utmost effort and spend
hard earned saving in owning houses. Nowadays the house building is major work of the
social progress of the county. Daily new techniques are being developed for the construction
al houses economically, quickly and fulfilling the requirements of the community engineers
and architects do the design work, planning and layout, etc, of the buildings. Draughtsmen
are responsible for doing the drawing works of building as for the direction of engineers and
architects. The draughtsman must know his job and should be able to follow the instruction of
the engineer and should be able to draw the required drawing of the building, site plans and
layout plans etc., as for the requirements.

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDINGS:

A building is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently
in on place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of vines shapes and
Fiction, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors from building
materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, ground conditions, specific www
and aesthetic reasons Buildings serve several needs of society-primarily as shelter from
weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings and to comfortably live and work
A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort
and safety) and the outside (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful).

1
 Different types of buildings Buildings are classified based upon as occupancy
and Structure.

 Residential Building.
 Educational Building.
 Institutional Building.
 Assembly building.
 Business buildings.
 Mercantile buildings.
 Industrial Buildings.
 Storage buildings.
 Hazardous buildings.

Residential Building: Buildings in which sleeping arrangements are provided with or

without cooking arrangement. It includes single or multifamily dwelling, apartments
lodgings, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and hotels.

Educational building: These include any building used for school, college, education

Purposes.

Institutional Building: these buildings used for different purposes, such as medical or other.

treatment. They include hospitals, sanatorium, jails, and asylum.

Assembly Buildings: These are the buildings where group of peoples meet or gather for

amusement, social religious, political, civil, travel and similar purposes. E.g. theatres, motion

pictures, homes, assembly halls, restaurants assembly halls.

Business buildings: These buildings are used for transactions of business for keeping

accounts and for similar other purpose.

Mercantile building: These building are used as shops, stores, market fir display and sale of

merchandise either wholesale or retail office shops, and storage services.

Industrial Buildings: These are buildings where products or materials of all kinds and

properties are fabricated, assembled, manufactured or processed.

Storage buildings: these buildings are used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods,
wares or merchandise, vehicles and animals, grains.

2
Hazardous buildings: These buildings are used for the storage, handling, and
manufacturing or processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products
Classification based on stricture 1.Load bearing Structure 2. Framed structure.

Load Bearing Structures: In this type of structures loads from roof slab or trusses and floors
are transmitted through walls to the firm soil below the ground This type of structures are
adopted where hard strata are available at shallow depth. The structural elements like beams.
slabs rests directly on the walls.

Framed Structures: Reinforced cement concrete structures are the most common type of
construction today. They consist of a skeleton of beams & columns. The load is transferred
from beams to the columns and column intern transfer the load directly to the sub soil
through footing: Framed structures are suitable for multi-story building subjected to variety
of extreme loads like compressive, tensile torsion, shear along with moment. The open spaces
in the skeleton are to be filled with brick walls or glass panels

1.2 TYPES OF LOADS:

Various loads are taken into account while designing the foundation of a structure.

 Dead loads
 Live loads.
 Wind loads
 Earthquake loads
 Erection loads

Dead Load: Dead load comprises of the weight of all walls, partitions, flours and roofs
including all other permanent construction in the building.

Wind load: It is considered as basic wind pressure which is equivalent static pressure in the
direction of the wind .Wind pressure-kv2.

Where k = co-efficient, 0.006.

V= wind velocity

Wind pressure always acts in the vertically exposed surface of the walls and cohims

3
Snow load: Actual load due is saw depends upon the shape of the roof and its capacity to
retain the snow. The load due to snow may be assumed to be 2.5 kg/m per cm depth of show.
Earthquake load: an earthquake load produced waves in every possible direction below
ground. As per intensity or scale of earthquake, jerks and shocks are acting on the earth.

Live Load: Live Loads consist of moving or variable loads doc to people or occupants, their
furniture, temporary stores machineries.

Erection Load: All loads required to be carried by the structure or any part of it due to
storage or positioning of construction material and erection equipment including all loads due
operation of such equipment, shall be considered an erection loads

1.3 COMMON BUILDING COMPONENTS SUPER STRUCTURE:

The superstructure is that part of the building which is above the ground and which
serves the purpose of building's intended use.

 Plinth.
 Wall and columns.
 Arches.
 Roofs and labs.
 Lintel and archus.
 Parapet.
 Steps and stairs.

SUBSTRUCTURE:

The substructure is the Sower portion of the building, which is located below ground level

which transmits the load of the superstructure to the sub soil.

Foundation:

Types of foundation

Foundations may be broadly classified as

(a) Shallow Foundation: Shallow Foundation Spread footing Combined footing Strap
Footing Mat Foundation or Raft Foundation.

4
(b) Deep foundation: A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads
to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface
layer or a range of depths. A pile or piling is a vertical structural element of a deep
foundation, driven or drilled deep into the ground at the building site.

Types of Foundation:

Spread Footing: Spread footings are those which spread the super-imposed load of wall or

Column over larger area. Spread footing support either column or wall .It may of following

Kinds .

 Single footing for column.

 Stepped footing for a column.
 Sloped footing for a column.
 Wall footing without step.
 Grillage foundation.

Combined Footing: A spread footing which supports 2 or more columns is term a

combined footing. The combined may be of flowing kinds.

 Rectangular combined footing.

 Trapezoidal combined footing.
 Combined wall footing.

1.4 VASTU:

Vastu-Shastra is a Vast and ancient science of living The word Vastu is

derived from the root "Vas" which means to reside. It is not an equivalent of the
word architecture. Vastu is architecture and much more. While architecture is the
science, art or profession of designing and constructing buildings etc., the definition
of Vastu extend into the realm of occultism: Vastu-Shastra, the edifice science of
Bhawan. Sthapatya Kala, being the applied aspects of Atharvaveda, is an ancient
science and one of the eminent features of our heritage. Vastu means dwelling of
Humans and Gods in the original Sanskrit literature. Many factors govern the life of
a human being: his fate, Karma and surroundings. But vastu can make sweet things
sweeter and bitter less bitter. On the contrary, if the laws of nature which are
elaborated and incorporated in the science of Vastu are followed, then all the Divine
powers support the thinking and action of the people associated with such concerns.

5
1.5 OBJECTIVES:

 To plan, analyse and design of G+2 Residential Building with client

requirement.
 As per the owners requirement we are going to implement vastu .
 To plan according to maximum utilisation of plot area.
 To design as per the recommendation of NBC codes and vastu criteria.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
 To carry out analysis and design of the structural elements of the
residential building.
 To ensure that the structure is safe against all possible loading
conditions.
 To study the various aspects of building regulation for design.
 Getting familiar with structural software's STAAD pro and AutoCAD.

1.7 NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Design experience in the following areas has been gained during the
course of the project

 Design of slabs.
 Design of Beam.
 Design of Column.
 Design of staircase.
 Design of footings.
1.8 SOFTWARE USED:
 Auto CADD.
 STAAD pro.

6
 CHAPTER 2

BUILDING COMPONENTS

 Plinth: Plinth is that part of the building between surrounding ground surface
and floor space immediately above the ground. Plinth resists the entry of rain
water entry inside the building, entry of animals, insects & Rodents: General
plinth height is 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 cm.
 Wall: The walls are building blocks of bricks or stones. They divide the
building space into various space into various rooms. They support slabs and
beams. They safely transmits the loads coming on them from beams and stabs to
the foundation. They provide privacy and protection against heat, cold, rain,
noise, dust winds. They offer resistant to firewalls may be of
 Brick masonry.
 Stone masonry.
 Columns: are vertical members along which beams and slab roof is supported
They are spare, rectangular and circular in shape in CS
 Floor: A floor in a plane area to support occupants, furniture's, and
equipment's.
 Roof: The upper most part of the building constitutes the roof. The Slab and
roof encloses the space and offers protection from rain, heat, snow, wind, sound,
fire. Slabs are 10, 12, 15 cm.
 Doors and windows: A door provides a connecting link between rooms,
allowing easy free movement in the building Window are opening provided in
walls. Doors and windows provide lighting and ventilation. The provide
resistance to weather, sound and heat. They provide security and privacy.
 Sills: sills are lower portion of window and ventilator opening.
 Steps and Stairs: Steps and stairs are meant to provide access between different
levels.Stairs should he property located to provide easy access and fast services
to the building. In one flight maximum & steps should be provided for more
than 8 steps it is recommended to provide them with lending.
Generally for residential building width of stair is 1.0 m and 1.2 m.

No of risers = Total height of floor/ Height of riser. No of tread Number of riser-1.

7
Beams:

Beams are horizontal members above which the slabs are provided. The beams
are instead supported on walls and columns. They are generally 20, 39, and 45, 60 cm
thick and deep members as per structural design.

Lintels and arch:

Lintel is a horizontal member which is placed across the opening. An arch is

normally a curved member comprising of wedge shaped building blocks holding each
other with mutual pressure.

Chajjas:

Chajjas are provided on external wall opening to get protection from rain, snow
and heat. They are weather sheds. Their thickness tapers from 100 to 75 mm and
projection is 30,45, 60, 75, 90 cm.

Parapet:

Parapet is generally 10 cm thick partition wall constructed above slab to enclose

the terrace open to sky. Thickness is 10 to 15 cm height is 1.0 m to 1.2 m.

8
 CHAPTER 3

DETAILS OF THE PLAN

3.1 GENERAL:

In this chapter details of the plan are mentioned Area calculations such as
functional area, circulation area, floor space index are calculated. The basic principles
of vastu and the benefits of cast facing house have been mentioned. The standard room
size according to NBC is also mentioned.

3.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VASTU:

For better results, any activity in your residence or office should be supplemented
by the cosmic position of the elements.

 The North-East (NE) is assigned to Water. Have a bore well, underground.

water tank in that position.

 The South-East (SE) is assigned to Fire: Have your kitchen, pantry,

furnace, boiler there.
 The North-West (NW) is assigned to Air: There have guest-room bed
rooms for unmarried girls or a store for finished goods
 The South-West (SW) is assigned to Earth: It is the most stable of all
elements. Keep it heavy and this is the best place for master Bed Room.
 The Centre is assigned to Space have the least possible activity in this area.

Fig 3.1 describes the location of main entrance according to vastu and its various
benefits. For example if the entrance is located in earthen health is assured.

Fig 3.2 describes the directions of vastu.

9
 Fig 3.1 entrance facing direction and
Fig 3.2 vastu and direction.
its benefits.

3.3 BENEFITS OF EAST FACING HOUSE:

 Wealth and prosperity are assured

 Sunlight brings enormous positive energies
 Water flow towards east direction ensures good health.
 If more windows are on the east side, the sunlight in the
morning will bring good luck and health
 East facing house are an excellence in peace, harmony, health,
wealth, name, frame, development.

3.4 STANDARD SIZE OF ROOMS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

ACCORDING TO NBC:

Building and their Locations:

Knowledge of standard size of rooms and their location in a residential

building is important for planning of residential construction project. The room sizes
and their location provide spaces for movement, sunlight and natural air for residents.

a) Size of Drawing or Living Room:

Drawing room or living room is a common, comfortable and attractive place for
sitting of family members and to receive friends and guests. Drawing room should be
located in the middle of the building and should be connected to the front verandah and
dining place. It should be well-lighted and ventilated. Size of the drawing room should

10
be determined by type of furniture to be used. Standard size of drawing room may range
from 4200 mm (14ft) x 4800 mm (16ft) to 5400 mm (18) x 7200 mm (24ft).

b) Size of Bedrooms:

Bedrooms should be so located that they are well ventilated and at the same time
provide privacy. The bedroom should be located on the side of the direction of
prevailing wind. The location should be such that the bedroom receives sunlight during
morning hours. The minimum window area should be 1:10 of the floor area. In
bedrooms 9.5 cubic meter per adult and 5.5 cubic meter per child space should be and
suitable allowance should be made for furniture. Standard size of bedrooms may range
from 3000 mm (10ft) x 3600 mm (12ft) to 4200 mm (14ft) x 4800mm (16ft).

c) Size of Guest Room:

Guest room should be well lighted and ventilated. It should be located on one side
of the building, generally by the side of the drawing room. Standard size of guest rooms
may be 3000 mm (10ft) x 3600 mm (12ft).

d) Size of Verandah:

The best location for verandah is south and west. If the frontage of the building is
east then they are located in cast also. For this it is necessary that it must not have
openings of a height greater than 2:3 of the floor width. Each house should have one
front and rear verandah. If space doesn't permit, the rear verandah can be omitted.
Verandah has width ranging from 1800 mm (6ft) to 3000 mm (10ft).

e) Size of Dining Room:

Generally, the dining room should be provided is rear of the drawing ar living
room and near the kitchen. In modern houses drawing room and dining room are
combined to have a big room for special occasions. For orthodox families dining roos
kept separate Size of bedrooms may range from 3600 mm (128) x 4200 mm (148) to
4200 mm (14) x 4800 mm (16ft).

f) Size of Kitchen:

The kitchen should be provided in rear corner of the building but NE corner is the
best. It should be connected with dining room and should have one approach from

11
outside also. If possible, the kitchen should be so located that sun light should come in
the morning hours, when it is used most. The window space should be min of 15% of
floor area Standard size of kitchen rooms may range from 2500 mm (8ft) x3900 mm
(130) to 3000 mm (10ft) x 3600 mm (12ft).

g) Store Room:

Store rooms should be located near the kitchen and should have sufficient number
of rocks. Standard size of store room may range from 2500 mm (81) x 2500) mm (8) to
3000 mm (10ft) x 3000 mm (10ft).

h) Size of Bathroom and WC:

It is not attached to the bed rooms: bath and WC should be provided in rear of the
building separately so that the two can be used at a time. Good ventilation should be
provided for bath and WC. One for ventilation at a height of 2000 mm above outside
ground level and another at usual low level with frosted glass shutters for admitting
light and maintaining privacy. Sometimes ceiling height is kept low (2100 mm er 7ft)
and upper space is used for storage purpose Common sizes of bathroom and water
closet may be. Bath and WC (combined): 1800 mm x 1800 mm to 1800 mm x 2500
mm, Bathroom (separate): 1200 mm x 1800 mm; WC (separate): 1200 mm x 1200 mm.

12
 CHAPTER 4

SPECIFICATION

4.1 FOUNDATION:

Earth work excavation for foundation for all column footing will be excavated
and will be in cement concrete 1:1:2 mix, 2100 mm wide and 1500 as thick said a 1000
below ground level. The masonry footings will be in brickwork in cement mortar 16.
The footing size is 1.83 X 1.22 mmm. The foundation concrete for framed structure all
main wall and footing of cement concrete of 1:1:2 mix, will be provided.

4.2 BASEMENT:

The basement will be in class brick work in cement mortar 1:5, and 300 m thick
above ground level for all walls. The basement will be filled with clean sand to a depth
of 200 mm. A damp proof course in cement mortar 13, 50 thick will be provided for all
walls at basement level.

4.3 SAND FILLING IN BASEMENT:

The basement filled up with clean sand to a depth of 300min and it should be IV.
compacted with water as per standard specification.

4.4 DAMP PROOF COURSE:

A Damp proof course using cement mortar 1:3 of 50 min thick will be Provide for
all main walls at basement level.

4.5 FLOORING CONCRETE:

The flooring concrete of 1:12 mix with suitable thick will be provided should be
finished above the sand filling and it by mosaic tiles

4.6 SUPER STRUCTURE:

All the walls will be in I class brick work in cement mortar 1:5. using first class
bricks, and 230 mm thick. The height of all walls will be 3000 mm above floor level.
All the walls including basement will be plastered smooth with cement mortar 14
externally and 1:6 internally for 12.5 thick Parapet walls 230 mm thick and 1000 mm .

13
4.7 ROOFING:

The roofing will be of RCC 1:1:2 mix, 150 mm thick flat slabs over all the
rooms. A weathering course in brick jelly lime concrete plastered with combination
mortar 1:12 mi 75 mm thick will be provided over the slab.

4.8 LINTEL:

All internal wall openings will be provided with R.C.C lintel 1:1-2mx 120 mm
thick and all external wall openings will he provided with lintel cum sunshade 1:1:2 mix
120 mm thick and sunshade will be 600 mm wide.

4.9 SUNSHADE:

600mm wide projections with 150mm thick at fixed end and 50mm thick at free
end will be provided for all external opening using R.CC 1:12 mix.

4.10 PLASTERING FOR SUPER STRUCTURE:

All walls will be plastered smooth surface with cement Mortar 1:3, 12 mm thick.

4.11 SOUND PROOFING FOR CEILING & WALL:

In ceiling of all rooms and walls are soundproofed with latest type sound
proofing material.

4.12 WEATHERING COURSE:

A Weathering course using brick jelly concrete will be provided average 75 mm

thick over the slab and finished with two course of hydraulic pressed Mangalore flat
tiles using cement mortar 1:5 mixed with 10% of crude oil.

4.13 WHITE WASHING:

One primer coat and two coats of colour wash to be done for all plastered wall
surface.

4.14 STEPS:

The step will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5.

Rise -150mm.

Tread – 300mm.

14
 CHAPTER 5

WORKING DRAWING FOR THE PROPOSED BUILDING

Fig 5.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Fig 5.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

15
 Fig 5.3 SECOND FLOOR PLAN

Fig 5.4 ELEVATION VIEW FOR PROPOSED BUILDING

16
 Fig 5.5 SECTIONAL “AB” VIEW OF THE BUILDING

Fig 5.6 COLUMN MARKING FOR THE BUILDING

17
Fig 5.7 CENTER TO CENTER DIMENSION FOR THE BUILDING

18
 CHAPTER 6

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

6.1 DESIGN OF TWOWAY SLAB:

AVAILABLE DATA:
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Room size = 3x2.5 m
Support = 230 mm
Thickness of slab = 150 mm
TYPE OF SLAB:
ly / l x = 3/2.5
= 1.2< 2
Hence designed as two way slab
DESIGN CONSTANT:
Basic value = 32 (continuous slab)
Qu = 3.45
OVER ALL DEPTH:
Assume Clear cover 15 mm
Diameter of main bar = 10 mm
For Shorter span,
D = 150 mm
deff = 150 - 15 -10/2 = 130 mm
For Longer span,
d = 150 -10 = 140 mm
D = 140 + 15 + 10/2 = 160 mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
For shorter span,
i) Center to center of supports = 2500 + 230 = 2730 mm
ii) Clear span + effective depth = 2500+ 130 = 2630 mm
For longer span,
i) Center to center of supports = 3000 + 230 = 3230 mm
ii) Clear span + effective depth = 3000 + 130 = 3130mm

19
LOAD CALCULATION:
Consider 1m width of slab
Live load = 2 KN/m2
Self weight of slab = 1 x b x D x unit weight
= 1 x 1 x 0.15 x 25
= 3.75 KN/m2
Weight of floor finish = 1x 1 x 0.05 x 20 = 1.0 kN/m2
Total load = 6.75 KN/m
Design load = 6.75 x 1.5 = 10.125 kN/m.
FACTORED MOMENT:
ly / l x = 3130 / 2630 = 1.19 ≃1.2
-ve ∝x +ve ∝x -ve ∝y +ve ∝y

0.052 0.039 0.037 0.028

For shorter span,

-ve Mx= ∝x wlx2 = 0.052 x 10.125 x (2.63)2
= 3.64 x 106 N.mm
+ve Mx= ∝x wlx2 = 0.039 x 10.125 x (2.63)2
= 2.73 x 106 N.mm
For longer span,
-ve My= ∝y wlx2 = 0.037 x 10.125 x (3.13)2
= 3.67 x 106 N.mm
+ve My= ∝y wlx2 = 0.028 x 10.125 x (3.13)2
= 2.77 x 106 N.mm
Maximum moment = 3.67 x 106 N.mm.
DEPTH REQUIRED:
Mu = Mu max
Mu = Qu x b x d2
d = √Mu /Qub
= √3.67 x 106 / 3.45 x 1000
= 32.6(say) 50 mm D = 70 mm
d req = d pro 50 mm < 130 mm

20
TYPE OF SECTION:

Mu limit = Qu x b x d2

= 3.45 x 1000 x 502

= 8.625 x 106 N.mm2

Mu < Mu limit

DISTRIBUTOR REINFORCEMENT:

Ast min = 0.12 / 100 x B x D

= 0.12 /100 x 1000 x 150
= 180 mm2
SPACING:
Assume 10 mm dia of bars
1) S = ast /Ast min x b = 78.54 / 180 x 1000
= 440 mm
2) 5d = 5 x 130 = 650 mm
3) 450 mm

Provide 10 mm dia bars @ spacing 440 mm c/c

MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

For shorter span (max moment in shorter span)

Mx = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1- fyAst / fckbd)

3.64 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 50

( 1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 50 )

5.99 Ast2 – 18.05 x 103Ast + 3.64 x 106 = 0

Ast min = 217.33 mm2
SPACING:
Assume 10 mm dia bars
1) S = ast/Ast x b = 78.54 / 217.33 x 1000
= 361 mm
2) 3d = 3 x 130 = 390 mm

21
 3) 300 mm c/c
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c distance.
FOR LONGER SPAN:
My = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1 – fy Ast / bd fck)

3.67 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 50 ( 1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 50)

5.99 Ast2 –18.053x 103Ast + 3.67x 106 = 0

Ast min = 230mm2

SPACING:

Assume 8 mm dia bars

1) S = 50.26 / 219.2 x 1000 = 230mm

2) 3 x d = 3 x 130 = 390 mm
3) 300 mm
Provide 8 mm ∅ bar at spacing 230 mm c/c
CURTAILMENT:
Alternated bars are curtailed at 0.1leff from face of support
(0.1 x 2.63 = 0.263 m). The full-length bars are taken to top and
extended from face of support for a distance 0.1leff to take negative.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
It is sufficient to check for shear along shorter span only
Nominal shear force Vu = 10.125 x 2.63 /2
= 13.3 KN
Nominal shear force τc = Vu/bd
= 13.3 x103/ 1000 x 50
τc = 0.26 N/mm2
Ast at support = (ast/2 x spacing) x b
= ( 78.54 / 2 x 230 ) x 1000 (ast = 10 mm dia)
= 170.74 mm2
% Ast = Ast / bd x 100
= ( 170.74 / 1000 x 50 ) x 100
%Ast = 0.34 %
fs=0.58 fs Ast req/Ast pro

22
 =0.58x415x170.74/314.16
=130.8 say 131
τc = 0.92 N/mm2 & k = 1.3
Kτc = 1.3 x 0.92
Kτc = 1.196N/mm2
τcmax/2 = 3.1/2 = 1.55 N/mm2
τc < kτc < τc max /2
Hence safe in the shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Assume 10 mm dia
Astpro = ( ast/ s ) x b = ( 78.54 / 230 ) x 1000
= 341.8 mm2
% of steel = 100 Ast/ bd
= 100 x 341.8/ 1000 x 130
= 0.263 %
fs = 0.58 x fy Astreq/Astpro
= 0.58 x 415 x 217.33/ 341.8
= 153
M.F =1.8
davi = span / (BV x MF)
= 2630 / 32 x1.8 = 45 mm
d req < d pro

Hence Design is Safe.

23
Fig 6.1 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

24
6.2 BEAM DESIGN:

AVAILABLE DATA:

Center to center distance leff = 3.23 m

B = 230 mm, d =260mm & D =300 mm (assumption)

Fy = 415 N/mm2 & fck = 25 N/mm2

Q=3.45 & % Ast = 1.78 %

LOAD CALCULATION:

Self-weight of beam = b x D x unit wt

= 0.23 x 0.3 x 25 =1.38 KN/m

Slab floor finish 1 = perpendicular distance x tk x unit wt

= 1.25 x 0.05 x 20 = 1.25 KN/m

Slab self wt 1 = 1.25 x 0.15 x 25 = 4.65 KN/m

Slab floor finish 2 = perpendicular distance x tk x unit wt

= 1.25 x 0.05 x 20 = 1.25 KN/m

Slab self wt 2 = 1.25 x 0.15 x 25 = 4.65 KN/m

Wall load = 0.23 x 3.0 x 19 = 13.11 KN/m

Total load = 26.29 KN/M say 26 KN/m

Factored load = 26x 1.5 Fd =39KN/m

FACTORED MOMENT:

Mu = (Fd xleff2)/8 = (39× 3.232)/8

Mu = 50.86 KNm

25
SIZE OF BEAM:

Equating Mu = Mulim

Mu = Qu X b x d2 (b=(2/3)d)

d = 3 x Mu / 2 x Qu) 1/3

= (3 x 50.86 x 106/(2 x 3.45))1/3

d = 281mm > 300 mm, b=188

D = 322 mm

TYPE OF SECTION:

Mulim = Qu b d2 = 3.45 x230 x 3002

Mulim = 71.41 × 106 N.mm

Mulim > Mu

Hence the section shall be designed as singly reinforced section

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT:

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd(1-fyAst / fck × bd)

50.86× 106 = 0.87 × 415 × Astx 260 (1-415Ast / 25 x 230×

260)

26 AST2- 93.87 x 103AST + 50.86 x 106 =0

Ast = 663.89mm2

CHECK:

Xumax/d = 0.87x fyx Ast / 0.36 x fck x b d

0.48 = (0.87 x 415 x Ast) / (0.36 x25 x 230 x 260)

Ast = 716 mm2

provide 5 no’s of 20mm diameter bars

26
 Ast = 5 x 314.16 = 1570.80 mm2

Ast min=0.85bd/fy=0.85x230x260/415=122.5 mm2

Ast for hanger bar = 20% of Ast

= 20 /100 x 1570.8

= 314.16 mm2

Ast for negative reinforcement @ top of supports

= 35% of Ast

= 35/100 x 1570.8

= 549.78 mm2

These bars are provided @ 0.25 le

0.25x 5030 = 1257.5 mm

CURTAILMENT:

a) 50% bars are curtailed at 0.08 x l= 0.08 x 3230 = 258.4 mm from

the face support.

CHECK FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

Vu = Fd x leff/2 = 39x 3.23 / 2

= 63KN

τv = Vu/bd = 63 x 103/ (230 x 260)

τv = 1 N/mm2

PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS, τc

Ast @ support = 1570.80 / 2 = 785.40 mm2

% Ast = Ast / bd x 100

= 785.40 /230 x 260 x 100

27
 % Ast = 0.13 %

τc = 0.29 N/mm2

τv ≥τc

0.97 N/mm2 ≥ 0.29 N/mm2

Provide Shear Reinforcement,

Vus = Vu – τcbd

= 64 x 103 – (0.29 x 230 x 260)

Vus= 46.65 x 103 N.

Assume 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups

1.Sv = 0.87 x Fy x Asv x d / Vus

= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x π/4 x 82 x 0.26 / 46.65

= 101mm.
2.Sv = 300 mm.

3.Sv = 0.75d = 0.75 x 360 = 270 mm.

4.Sv = 0.87 x Fy x Asv/0.4b

= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x π/4 x 82/ 0.4 x 230

= 394 mm.
Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrups @ 101 mm c/c.

CHECK FOR STIFFNESS:

%Ast @ mid span = 1570.80 x 100 / 230 x 260

= 2.626 %

Stress in tension reinforcement,

Fs = 0.58 Fy (Astreq / Astpro)

= 0.58 x 415 x (663.89 / 1570.80)

28
 = 101 Curve say as 145

MF = 1.1

d = 3230 / 32 x 1.1

= 92mm < 300mm

Hence It is safe.

Fig 6.2 DESIGN OF BEAM

29
6.3 PLINTH BEAM DESIGN:

AVAILABLE DATA:

Center to center distance leff = 3.23 m

B = 230 mm, d =260mm & D =300 mm (assumption)

Fy = 415 N/mm2 & fck = 25 N/mm2

Q=3.45 & % Ast = 1.78 %

LOAD CALCULATION:

Self-weight of beam = b x D x unit wt

= 0.23 x 0.26 x 25 =1.495 KN/m

Wall load = 0.23 x 3.0 x 19 = 13.11 KN/m

Total load = 15 KN/M

Factored load = 15 x 1.5 Fd =22.5 KN/m

FACTORED MOMENT:

Mu = (Fd xleff2)/8 = (22.5 × 3.232)/8

Mu = 29.34 KNm

SIZE OF BEAM:

Equating Mu = Mulim

Mu = Qu X b x d2 (b=(2/3)d)

d = 3 x Mu / 2 x Qu) 1/3

= (3 x 29.34 x 106/(2 x 3.45))1/3

d = 233mm > 300 mm, b=156

D = 196 mm.

30
TYPE OF SECTION:

Mulim = Qu b d2 = 3.45 x230 x 3002

Mulim = 71.41 × 106 N.mm

Mulim > Mu

Hence the section shall be designed as singly reinforced section

AREA OF REINFORCEMENT:

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd(1-fyAst / fck × bd)

29.34× 106 = 0.87 × 415 × Astx 260(1-415Ast / 25 x 230×

260 )

26AST2- 93.87 x 103AST + 51.76 x 106 =0

Ast = 679mm2

CHECK:

Xumax/d = 0.87x fyx Ast / 0.36 x fck x b d

0.48 = (0.87 x 415 x Ast) / (0.36 x25 x 230 x 260)

Ast = 716 mm2

provide 5 no’s of 20mm diameter bars

Ast = 5 x 314.16 = 1570.80 mm2

Ast min=0.85bd/fy=0.85x230x260/415=122.48mm2

Ast for hanger bar = 20% of Ast

= 20 /100 x 1570.8

= 314.16 mm2

Ast for negative reinforcement @ top of supports

= 35% of Ast

31
 = 35/100 x 1570.8

= 549.78 mm2

These bars are provided @ 0.25 le

0.25x 5030 = 1257.5 mm

CURTAILMENT:

a) 50% bars of tension reinforcement are curtailed at

0.08 x l= 0.08 x 3230 = 258.4 mm from the face support.
b) 50% bars of compression reinforcement are curtailed at

0.08 x l = 0.08 x 3230= 258.4 mm from the face support.

CHECK FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

Vu = Fd x leff/2 = 22.5x 3.23 / 2

= 36.33 KN

τv = Vu/bd = 36.33 x 103/ (230 x 260)

τv = 0.6 N/mm2

PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS, τc

Ast @ support = 1570.80 / 2 = 785.40 mm2

% Ast = Ast / bd x 100

= 785.40 /230 x 260 x 100

% Ast = 1.3 %

τc = 0.73N/mm2

τv <τc

0.52 N/mm2<0.73 N/mm2

Provide 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups

32
 1.Sv = 0.87 x Fy x Asv /0.4b

= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x π/4 x 82 / 0.4x230

= 394 mm.
2.Sv = 300 mm.

3.Sv = 0.75d = 0.75 x 260 = 195mm.

Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrups @ 195 mm c/c.

CHECK FOR STIFFNESS:

%Ast @ mid span = 1570.80 x 100 / 230 x 260

= 2.275 %

Stress in tension reinforcement,

Fs = 0.58 Fy (Astreq / Astpro)

= 0.58 x 415 x (679 / 1570.80)

= 104Curve say as 120

MF = 1.1

d = 3230 / 32 x 1.1

=91.76mm < 300mm.

Hence It is safe

Fig 6.3 DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM

33
6.4 DESIGN OF DOG LEGGED STAIR CASE:

AVAILABLE DATA:

Vertical height of floor = 3100 mm

Rise = 150 mm & thread = 300 mm

Size of room = 2.92 x 2 m

SIZES OF STAIRCASE:

No of riser = height/rise = 3100/150 = 20 nos

No of flight = 2

Riser per flight = 20/2 =10 nos

No of tread = 10-1 = 9 nos

Length of going = thread x nos of tread

= 300 x 9 = 2700 mm

Width of landing = (2920-2700)/2

=220 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Leff = 2.7+0.4+0.4+0.23/2+0.23/2

= 3.73 m

Thickness of waist slab = span/20 = 3730/20 = 190

Overall depth D = 190 mm

d = 165 mm

LOAD CALCULATION:

Assume waist slab thickness 150 mm

Self weight of waist slab = 1 x 0.15 x 25 (sloped area)

34
 Ws = 3.75 KN/m

Plain area = Ws x [(R2 + T2)/T2]1/2

= 3.75 x [(0.152 + 0.32)/ 0.32]1/2

= 2.795 KN/m

Weight of steps per m2 = 0.5 x 0.15 x 0.3 x 25

= 0.56 KN/m

Load of step per meter length = 0.56 x 1000/300 = 1.86 KN/m

Finishes = 0.53 KN/m

Total dead load = 2.795+1.86+0.53 = 5.185 KN/m

Service live load (liable for overcrowding) = 5 KN/m2

Total service load = 5.185+5 = 10.185 KN/m

Factored load = 10.185 x 1.5 = 15.3 KN/m.

FACTORED MOMENT:
Mu = Fd x leff2/8 = 15.3 x 3.732/8
= 26.6 KNM
Mu = 26.6 x 106 N.mm2
DEPTH REQUIRED:
Mu = Mulim

d =

dreq = 87.8 say 90 mm < dpro

d req < d pro
Adopt greater value further design
d = 165 mm & D = 190 mm.

35
TYPE OF SECTION:

Mu limit = Qu xb x d2

= 3.45 x 1000 x 1652

= 93.92 x 106 N.mm2

Mu < Mulimit
Hence it is under reinforced section

MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1- fyAst / fck bd)

26.6 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 165 (1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 165)

5.99Ast2 – 59.57 x 103Ast + 26.6 x 106 = 0

Ast min = 468.61 mm2

SPACING:

Assume 10 mm dia bars

1) S = ast / Ast x b = 78.54/468.61 x 1000

= 160 mm

2) 3d = 3 x 165 = 495 mm
3) 300 mm c/c

Provide 10 mm dia bars @ spacing 160 mm c/c distance.

DISTRIBUTOR REINFORCEMENT:
Ast min= 0.12 / 100 x B x D
= 0.12 /100 x 1000 x 190
= 228 mm2
SPACING:
Assume 8 mm dia of distribution steel
1) S = ast /Ast min x b= 50.26/228 x 1000
= 220 mm

36
 2) 5d = 5 x 165 = 825 mm
3) 450 mm

Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 220 mm c/c.

CURTAILMENT:

Alternated bars are curtailed at 0.1leff from face of support (0.1 x

3.73=0.373 m). The full-length bars are taken to top and extended from
face of support for a distance 0.1leff to take negative.

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

It is sufficient to check for shear along shorter span only

Nominal shear force Vu = 15.3 x 3.73/2
= 28.53 KN
Nominal shear force τv = Vu/bd
= 28.53 x103/1000 x 165
τv = 0.17 N/mm2
Ast at support = (ast / 2 x spacing) x b
= (78.54/2 x 160) x 1000 (ast=10 mmdia)
= 245.43 mm2
% Ast = Ast/bd x 100
= (245.43/1000 x 165) x 100
%Ast = 0.14 %
τc = 0.29 N/mm2 & K=1.22
Kτc = 1.22 x 0.29
Kτc = 0.35 N/mm2
τcmax/2 = 3.1/2 = 1.55 N/mm2
τv < Kτc < τc max /2
Hence safe in the shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Assume 10 mm dia
Astpro= (ast/s) x b = (78.54/160) x 1000
= 490.87 mm2

37
% of steel = 100Ast/bd
= 100 x 490.87 /1000 x 165
= 0.2 %
fs = 0.58 x fy Astreq/Astpro
= 0.58 x 415 x 468.61 /490.87
= 240
M.F = 1.4 (by using 240 curve in graph)
davi = span/(BV x MF)
= 3730/32 x 1.4 = 83.25 mm
d req < d pro

Hence design is safe

Fig 6.4 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE.

38
6.5 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN TO SUPPORT BEAMS

AVAILABLE DATA:

Size of column = 300 X 450mm

fck = 25 N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

LOAD CALCULATION:

SLAB:

Wt of slab (1 -4) = No. of slabs x L x B x D x unit wt

= 4x1.62 x 1.37 x 0.15 x 25 = 33.29 KN

Wt of slab ff (1-4) = No. of slabs x L x B x D x unit wt

= 4x1.62x 1.37 x 0.05 x 20 = 11KN

Live load (1-4) = 4x1.62x 1.37 x 2 = 17.7 KN

BEAM:

Beam (1&3) = No. of beams x L x B x D x unit wt

= 2x1.62x 0.23 x 0.3 x 25 =5.589 KN

Beam (2&4) =No. of beams x L x B x D x unit wt

= 2x1.37x 0.23 x 0.3 x 25 =4.72 KN

WALL:

Wall load (1-4) = No. of walls x L x B x H x unit wt

=4X0.23 x 3.1 x 19 = 54.18KN

COLUMN:

Self-weight of column = L x B x H x unit wt

= 0.3 x 0.45 x 3.1 x 25 = 6.75 KN

39
 Sum of all above loads = 133.2KN

No of floor consideration = 133.2 x 3 = 400KN

DESIGN LOAD:

Pu = W x 1.5 = 400x 1.5

Pu = 600KN

AREA OF COLUMN:

Ag = l x b = 300 x 450 = 135x 103 mm2

SLENDERNESS RATIO:

S.R = Leff / b

= 3100 / 300

S.R = 10.33 < 12

S.R = Leff / d

= 3100 / 450

S.R = 6.8 < 12

Slenderness ratio is less than 12

Hence short column

MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY:

Longer side D=450 mm

emin = Leff/500+D/30

= 3100/500 + 450/30

emin = 21.2 mm

emax = 0.05 D

= 0.05 x 450

40
 = 22.5 mm

Shorter side D=450 mm

emin = Leff/500+b/30

= 3100/500 + 300/30

emin = 16.2mm

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT:

Let assume Asc = 1% Ag

= 0.01 Ag

= 0.01 x 135x 103

= 1350 mm2

Area of concrete Ac = Ag – 0.01 Ag = 0.99 Ag

= 0.99 x 90 x 103

= 133.65 x 103

Pu = 0.4fck Ac + 0.67fyAsc

Pu = 0.4 x 25 x 133.65x 103+ 0.67 x 415 x 1350

Pu = 1711.86 KN

Say Pu = 1712 KN > 600KN

Hence safe

% Asc = 100 Asc/Ag

= 100 x 1350 / (135 x 103)

% Asc = 1 % > 0.8% < 6%

HENCE OK

Let us provide 4 nos of 16 mm dia bars

41
 Asc = 4 x 202/4 = 1257 mm2

COVER:

Clear cover shall be greater of

a) 40 mm
b) Dia = 16 mm

Provide a clear cover of 40 mm.

SPACING:

1) Longer side S = 450- (40+40+16/2+16/2) / 2

S = 354 mm < 450mm

2) Shorter side S = 300- (40+40+16/2+16/2) / 2

S = 204 mm < 300mm

TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT:

MINIMUM DIAMETER :

1) 1/4 x dia = 1/4 x 16 = 4 mm

2) Not less than 6 mm.

PITCH:

1) LLD = 300 mm

2) 16 x 16 = 260 mm

3) 300 mm

Provide 6 mm dia laterals at 260 mm c/c.

42
RESULT:

Size of column = 300 x 450 mm

Longitudinal reinforcement =4nos of 20 mm dia bars

Transverse reinforcement = 6 mm dia at 260 mm c/c.

Fig 6.5 DESIGN OF RCTANGULAR COLUMN

43
6.6 DESIGN OF ISOLATED RECANTANGULAR FOOTING FOR
RECTANGULAR COLUMN:

AVAILABLE DATA:

Size of column = 300 x 450 mm

Safe bearing capacity = 150 KN/m2

fck = 25 N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

SIZE OF FOOTING:

Axial load of footing = 400KN

Assume the self wt of footing as 10% of the column load

W1 = 10/100 x400

= 40KN

Total load on soil= 400+ 40= 440KN

Area of footing required = total load /sbc

= 440/150

= 2.93m2

Since it is rectangular column

B x L= 2.93m2

B x (1.5B) = 2.93m2

B2=1.95

= √1.95 = 1.39

B = 1.39& L= 2m

Area of footing=1.39 x 2= 2.91 m2

44
NET UPWARD DESIGN PRESSURE:

Fo = 400 x 1.5 / 2.91

= 206KN/m2

PROJECTION OF FOOTING:

Projection of footing in long direction= 2- 0.45/ 2

= 0.78m

Projection of footing in Short Direction =1.39- 0.3/ 2

= 0.55

FACTORD MOMENT:

Maximum factored moment occurs at the face of column for design

purpose consider over hang on both sides

Mu1= fo x projection area x prj.dis / 2

= 206x 1.39x 780 x780/ 2

= 87 x 106 KNm

Mu2= fo x projection area x prj.dis / 2

= 206x 2x 550x550/ 2

=62.3x 106 KNm

DEPTH REQUIRED FOR FOOTING:

dreq =

dreq= = 135mm
.

Say dreq = 135mm

45
 Considering the effect of shear provide an effective depth of 270 mm
practically the effective depth of135mm may not sufficient to take care
off shear, hence let us increase the depth two times.

d = 270mm

Provide 50mm as effective cover

D =320

D = 320 mm

TENSION REINFORCEMENT:

MU1= 0.87 fyAst d ( 1- fyAst / fckbd)

87x 106 = 0.87x415 x Ast x 270(1- 415 x Ast / 25 x1390 x 270)

4.3Ast2 – 97.4x 103Ast + 87x 106 = 0

AstL = 932mm2

Astmin = (0.12 / 100 x (b x D)

= (0.12/100) x 1390 x 320

Astmin = 534mm2

ast=π x 162/4 = 201 mm2

NOS = AstL / ast =534/ 201= 3nos

Provide 3nos of 16 mm dia bars in long direction at uniform spacing

Ast = 3 x π x 162/4 = 603 mm2

MU1= 0.87 fyAst d (1- fyAst / fckbd)

62.3 x 106 =
0.87x415 x Ast x 270 (1- 415 x Ast / 25 x2000 x 270)

4.3Ast2 – 97.4x 103Ast +62.3 x 106 = 0

AstL = 656mm2

46
 Astmin = (0.12 / 100 x (b x D)

= (0.12/100) x 2000 x 320

Astmin = 768mm2

𝛽= ( ) = 1.43

Area of steel in the center span in the short direction is given in IS

456:2000, clause 34.3.1.

.
Ast at central span = .
x 768= 1371mm2

Remaining of steel are provided in the edges.

= 100 mm2

ast = π x 162/4 = 201 mm2

Provide 1 nos of 16 mm dia bars in each edge at uniform spacing

Provide 10 nos of 16 mm dia bars in center span at uniform spacing

Ast = 10 x π x162/4 = 2010 mm2

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:

Refer IS SP-34, clause 4.2.2, pg.29 for the developemental length

Ld = 0.87 Fy x d / 4 x τbd

= 0.87 x 415 x 16/ (4 x 1.4)

Ld = 1031.57 mm

Length of bars beyond the face of column in long direction

780mm < 1031.57 mm

Length of bars beyond the face of column in shorter direction

47
 550mm < 1031.57 mm

Hence ok

Hooks are not necessary at end of bars.

CHECK FOR SHEAR :

TRANSVERSE SHEAR IN LONGER DIRECTION

Vu = 206 x length x (0.92-0.45)

= 206 x 2 x 0.275

= 113kN

τv = Vu/bd = 206 x 103/ 2000 x 270

τv = 0.17 N/mm2

%Ast = 100Ast / bd =100 x 768/ (2000 x 270)

= 0.14 %

τc = 0.29 N/mm2

Kτc = 1 x 0.33 = 0.2

τv ≤ Kτc

Safe in shear.

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR:

At d/2 around the column. The critical section for punching shear is at
a distance of d/2= 270/2= 135 mm

From the face of column around

Side of section = (450 + 135 + 135) x (300 + 135 + 135)

= 720 x 570 mm.

48
 PUNCHING SHEAR ACROSS SECTION:

Vz = fo x (outer area – inner cutting area)

= 206 x ((2x1.39) – (0.72x0.57))

Vz =488.13X 103 N

NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS:

τz = 488.13 x 103 / 2(720+ 570) x 270

τz = 0.7N/mm2

PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS IN CONCRETE:

τcz = Ksτcz

βc = 300/ 450 = 0.66

ks = 0.5+0.66

=1.16 say,1 (For rectangular column)

τcz = 0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.25 √25 = 1.25

Ksτcz =1 x 1.25 = 1.25 N/mm2

τz < Ksτcz , Hence ok

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS:

Size of the base of frustum of pyramid= (b+4d) x (d+4d)

= (300 + 4 x 270) x (450 + 4 x 270)

= 1380 x 1530

Supporting area A1 = 1.38 x 1.53 = 2.11m2

Loaded area A2 = 0.3 x 0.45 = 0.135m2

𝐴1/𝐴2 = 2.11/0.135 = 3.95but restricted to 2

49
 Permissible bearing stress = 0.45 x fck x 𝐴1/𝐴2

= 0.45 x 25 x 2 = 22.5 N/mm2

𝑃𝑢
Actual bearing stress = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

.
=

= 4.44 N/mm2

4.44< 22.5 N/mm2

CHECK FOR SBC OF SOIL:

Column load = 400kN

Weight of footing = 1.39 x 2x 0.27 x 25 = 18kN

Total load on soil = 418kN

Pressure on soil = 418/ (2x 1.39) = 150kN/m2

150 kN/m2 =150 kN/m2

Hence safe.

50
Fig 6.6 COLUMN FOOTING DIAGRAM

51
6.7 DESIGN OF LINTEL FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS OPENING:

AVAILABLE DATA:

Size of lintel = 300 mmx150 mm

Wall base = 300 mm

Assuming clear cover of 25 mm and 12 mm dia bars

d = 150-25-12/2 = 119 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Clear span + d = 1.5 + 0.119

leff= 1.619 m

Height of masonry above the opening = 1.2 m

Height of masonry above the lintel = 1.2 -0.15

= 1.05 m

0.866 x ht = 0.866 x 1.2 = 1.04 m

Leff> 0.86 x l

LOADING CALCULATION:

Self-weight of lintel= 1 x 0.3 x 0.15 x 25 = 1.125 KN/m

Weight of masonry = 1 x 0.3 x 1.05 x 19 = 5.985 KN/m

Total weight, W = 7.11 KN/m

Factored load = W x 1.5 = 5.45 x 1.5

= 10.66 KN/m.

52
FACTORED MOMENT:

Mu = Fd x leff2 / 8

= 10.66 x 1.9192 / 8

Mu = 4.91 KNM

AREA OF STEEL:

Mu = 0.87 fyAst d ( 1- fyAst / fckbd)

4.91 x 106 = 0.87 x 415x Ast x 119( 1- 415x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 119)

5.99 Ast2 – 42.96 x 103 Ast + 4.91 x 106 = 0

Astmin = 116 mm2

Provide 2 nos of 10 mm dia bars at bottom and 2 nos of 8 mm dia bars

at top as hanger bars.

53
6.8 DESIGN OF SUNSHADE OVER DOORS & WINDOWS OUTSIDE
AVAILABLE DATA:
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy =415 N/mm2
Projection = 600 mm
Sunshade thickness D = 50 mm & d = 32 mm
DESIGN CONSTANT:

Basic value = 32
Qu = 3.33
LOAD CALCULATION:
Consider 1m width of sunshade
Live load = 1 x 0.6 x 0.75= 0.45 KN
Self-weight of sunshade = 1 x b x D x unit weight
= 1 x 0.6 x 0.05 x 25
= 0.75 KN
Total load = 1.2 KN/m
Design load = 1.2 x 1.5 = 1.8 KN/m
FACTORED MOMENT:

Mu = Fd x leff/2
= 1.8 x 0.6/2
= 0.54 KNm
Mu = 0.54 x 106 N.mm
DEPTH REQUIRED:

Mu = Mulim

d =

= .

dreq = 13 mm & D = 13+15+6/3 = 31 mm

dreq< d pro
Adopt greater value further design

54
 d = 32 mm & D = 50 mm
TYPE OF SECTION:

Mu limit = Qub d2

= 3.45 x 1000 x 322

= 3.53 x 106 N.mm2

Mu <MulimitHence it is under reinforced section
MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

Mu= 0.87 fyAst d ( 1- fyAst / fckbd)

0.54 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 32 ( 1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 32)

5.99Ast2 – 11.55 x 103Ast + 0.54 x 106= 0

Astmin = 48 mm2
SPACING:
Assume 6 mm dia bars
1) S = ast/Ast x b = 28.27/48 x 1000
=588 mm
2) 3d = 3 x 32= 96 mm
3) 300 mm c/c
Provide 6 mm dia bars @ spacing 96 mm c/c distance.
DISTRIBUTOR REINFORCEMENT

Ast min= 0.12 / 100 x B x D

= 0.12 /100 x 1000 x 50
= 60 mm2 per meter width
= 60 x 0.6 = 36 mm2

SPACING:
Assume 6mm dia of distribution steel
1) S = ast /Astmin x b= (28.27/36) x 1000
= 785 mm
2) 5d = 5 x 32= 160 mm
3) 450 mm

55
 Provide 6 mm dia bars @ spacing 160 mm c/c

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:

Ld = 0.87fydia/4τbd

= 0.87 x 415 x 6 / (4 x 1.4)

= 387mm

Ld required inside the support = 387mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

It is sufficient to check for shear along shorter span only

Nominal shear force Vu = 1.2 KN
Nominal shear force τv = Vu/bd
= 1.2 x103/1000 x 32
τv= 0.037 N/mm2
τcmin = 0.29 N/mm2& K=1.3
Kτc = 1.3 x 0.29
Kτc= 0.37 N/mm2
τcmax/2 = 3.1/2 = 1.55 N/mm2.

56
Fig 6.7 DESIGN OF SUNSHADE OVER DOORS & WINDOWS OUTSIDE

57
 CHAPTER 7

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

7.1 GENERAL:

STAAD is powerful design software licensed by Bentley STAAD stands for

structural analysis and design any object which is stable under a given loading can be
considered as structure. So first find the outline of the structure, whereas analysis is the
estimation of what are the type of loads that acts on the beam and calculation of shear
force and bending moment comes under analysis stage. Design phase is designing the
type of materials and its dimensions to resist the load. This we do after the analysis. To
calculate shear force diagram and bending moment diagram of a complex loading beam
it takes about an hour. So when it comes into the building with several members it will
take a week. STAAD pro is a very powerful tool which Joes this job in just an hour's
STAAD is a best alternative for high rise buildings Now a day's most of the high rise
buildings are designed by STAAD which makes a compulsion for a civil engineer to
know about this software. This software can be used to carry RCC, steel, bridge, truss
etc according to various country codes.

7.2 TYPES OF STRUCTURES:

A structure can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable

of analyzing and designing structures consisting of frame, plate shell and solid elements.
Almost any type of structure can be analyzed by STAAD.

 A space structure, which is a three dimensional framed structure with

loads applied in any plane, as the most general.
 A plane structure is bound by a global x-y coordinate system with
loads in the same plane.
 A truss structure consists of truss members which can have only axial
member forces and no bending in the member.

A floor structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no

horizontal movement of the structure. The floor framing of a building is an ideal
example of a floor structure.

58
7.3 LOADS CONSIDERED:

DEAD LOADS:

All permanent constructions of the structure form the dead loads. The dead
load 4comprises of the weights of walls, partitions floor finishes, false ceilings, false
floors and the other permanent constructions in the buildings. The dead load loads may
be calculated from the dimensions of various members and their unit weights. The unit
weights of plain concrete and reinforced concrete made with sand and gravel or crushed
natural stone aggregate may be taken as 24 kN/m² and 25 kN/m² respectively.

IMPOSED LOADS:

Imposed load is produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building

including the weight of movable partitions, distributed and concentrated loads, load due
to impact and vibration and dust loads. Imposed loads do not include loads due to wind,
seismic activity, snow, and loads imposed due to temperature changes to which the
structure will be subjected to, creep and shrinkage of the structure, the differential
settlements to which the structure may undergo.

7.4 BUILDING DATA FOR ANALYSIS:

The details of the data's required for analysis such as size of column, size of
beam, size of wall are mentioned in the table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Description of Data Considered For Analysis.

DATA SPECIFICATIONS

Type of building Residential building

Number of stories G+2
Floor height 3m
Material Concrete (M25) and Reinforcement (Fe415)
Size of column 0.3 x0.45m
Size of column 0.3x0.45 m
Size of wall 230 mm thick

59
7.5 ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING:

The analysis of G+2 residential building is carried out by STAAD pm The

procedure carried is explained step by step. From the analysis critical beam and critical
column is identified for the design,

Step 1:

Creation of nodal points. Based on the column positioning of plan we entered the
node points into the STAAD file. By using add beam command the node are connected
in all the three direction X, Y, Z the connection made in X and Z direction is taken as
Beam and Connection made in Y axis is taken as Column The Foxed end condition i.e ,
support is created and assigned and end of columns Fg41 represents the node points,
and creation of beam and end condition.

Fig 7.1 Skeleton of G+2 Building

60
Step 2:

Property and Geometry assignment of beams and columns. The material and size
of the beam and column is defined and assigned as per assumption made. Fig 7.2
represents the assignment of properties and geometry to beams and column.

Fig 7.2 Property and geometry assignment of beams and column.

61
Step 3:

Creation of plates. The properties and thickness of the plate is defined and the
plates are created by connecting the corresponding node point. Fig 7.3 represents the
3D view of the structure.

Fig 7.3 Rendering View of frame and slab

62
Step 4:

Defining and assigning of dead loads. Dead loads ie., the self-weight of the
structure is defined and assigned as UDL. Parapet load, wall load are defined and
assigned to the structure. Fig 7.4 represents assigned the dead load of the structure.

Fig 7.4 Self- weight

63
7.6 POST PROCESSING SUMMARY :

The analysis result of the structure is obtained post processing summery. It

shows the position of the critical beam and it gives the moment value of critical beam
for the design from the summary, it represents the position the critical column in a
structure and it gives the data of critical column for design. it shows the bending
moment diagram of whole structure in XY direction and it shows the shear force
diagram of whole structure in XY direction.

Fig 7.5 Shear force diagram of structure

64
 Fig 7.6 Bending moment diagram of structure

Fig 7.7 Critical Column And Beam Identification Diagram.

65
Fig 7.8 Bending ,moment Diagram.

Fig 7.9 Shear Force Diagram.

Fig 7.10 Axial Force Diagram.

66
7.7 B E A M N O. 106 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M25 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3230.0 mm SIZE: 300.0 mm X 400.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECTION 0.0 mm 807.5 mm 1615.0 mm 2422.5 mm 3230.0 mm

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOP 227.35 0.00 0.00 227.35 227.35

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 227.35 227.35 227.35 227.35 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 62

SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECTION 0.0 mm 807.5 mm 1615.0 mm 2422.5 mm 3230.0 mm

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOP 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

BOTTOM 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM FACE OF

THE SUPPORT

67
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 595.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT

VY = 26.05 MX = 0.03 LD= 5

Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 150 mm c/c.

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 595.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT

VY = -25.75 MX = 0.03 LD= 3

Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 150 mm c/c

Fig 7.11 REINFORCEMENT DETAILING FOR BEAM.

68
7.8 C O L U M N N O. 160 D E S I G N R E S U L T S
M25 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3000.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 300.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0 mm

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 2 END JOINT: 74 TENSION COLUMN

REQD. STEEL AREA : 1080.00 Sq.mm.

REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 133920.00 Sq.mm.

MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 12 - 12 dia. (1.01%, 1357.17 Sq.mm.)

(Equally distributed)

TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 190 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------

Puz : 1842.75 Muz1 : 72.61 Muy1 : 45.55

INTERACTION RATIO: 0.02 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------

WORST LOAD CASE:5

END JOINT: 100 PuZ: 1925.90 Muz :115.99 Muy :71.78 IR: 0.13

Fig 7.12 REINFORCEMENT DETAILING FOR COLUMN.

69
 ************** CONCRETE TAKE OFF *************

(FOR BEAMS, COLUMNS AND PLATES DESIGNED ABOVE)

NOTE: CONCRETE QUANTITY REPRESENTS VOLUME OF CONCRETE IN

BEAMS, COLUMNS, AND PLATES DESIGNED ABOVE.

REINFORCING STEEL QUANTITY REPRESENTS REINFORCING STEEL IN

BEAMS AND COLUMNS DESIGNED ABOVE.

REINFORCING STEEL IN PLATES IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE REPORTED

QUANTITY.

TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 91.4 CU.METER

BAR DIA WEIGHT

(in mm) (in New)

-------- --------

8 20946

10 17071

12 25992

------------

*** TOTAL= 64010.

70
 CHAPTER 8

STAAD PRO REPORT

Job Information

Engineer Checked Approved

Name:
Date: 14-Nov-22

Structure Type SPACE FRAME

Number of Nodes 136 Highest Node 141

Number of Elements 278 Highest Beam 353
Number of Plates 68 Highest Plate 359

Number of Basic Load Cases 3

Number of Combination Load Cases 4

Included in this printout are data for:

All The Whole Structure

Type L/C Name

Primary 1 DEAD LOAD

Primary 2 LIVE LOAD
Primary 3 ROOF LIVE LOAD
Combination 4 Generated Indian Code General Structures 1
Combination 5 Generated Indian Code General Structures 2
Combination 6 Generated Indian Code General Structures 3
Combination 7 Generated Indian Code General Structures 4

Section Properties
Area Iyy Izz J
Prop Section Material
(in2) (in4) (in4) (in4)
2 Rect 17.72x11.81 209.250 2.43E 3 5.47E 3 5.71E 3 CONCRETE
3 Rect 15.75x11.81 186.000 2.16E 3 3.84E 3 4.67E 3 CONCRETE

Plate Thickness
Node A Node B Node C Node D
Prop Material
(in) (in) (in) (in)
1 5.906 5.906 5.906 5.906 CONCRETE

71
Materials
E Density 
Mat Name 
(kip/in2) (kip/in3) (/°F)
3 STEEL 29E 3 0.300 0.000 6E -6
4 STAINLESSSTEEL 28E 3 0.300 0.000 10E -6
5 ALUMINUM 10E 3 0.330 0.000 13E -6
6 CONCRETE 3.15E 3 0.170 0.000 5E -6

Primary Load Cases

Number Name Type

1 DEAD LOAD Dead

2 LIVE LOAD Live
3 ROOF LIVE LOAD Roof Live

Beam End Force Summary

The signs of the forces at end B of each beam have been reversed. For example: this means that the Min Fx
entry gives the largest tension value for an beam.
Axial Shear Torsion Bending
Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
Beam Node L/C
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
Max Fx 107 56 4:Generated 1.3E 3 12.577 11.165 0.007 4.715 -5.009
Indian Code
6:Generated
Min Fx 21 13 -2.127 11.434 0.001 0.482 -0.005 10.393
Indian Code
4:Generated
Max Fy 51 23 0.052 89.020 -0.001 -0.026 0.003 79.458
Indian Code
4:Generated
Min Fy 53 26 0.391 -90.446 -0.001 0.057 -0.003 82.451
Indian Code
4:Generated
Max Fz 101 5 1.06E 3 14.182 27.734 0.010 -22.220 11.231
Indian Code
4:Generated
Min Fz 98 2 829.292 13.155 -39.329 0.007 32.748 10.238
Indian Code
4:Generated
Max Mx 19 11 1.031 71.365 0.001 0.604 -0.005 55.112
Indian Code
4:Generated
Min Mx 18 10 -0.620 17.202 -0.003 -0.820 0.007 16.911
Indian Code
4:Generated
Max My 98 2 829.292 13.155 -39.329 0.007 32.748 10.238
Indian Code
4:Generated
Min My 24 2 508.283 5.617 15.698 0.007 -22.656 8.180
Indian Code
4:Generated
Max Mz 16 11 1.754 -90.263 -0.001 -0.436 -0.004 82.723
Indian Code
4:Generated
Min Mz 106 10 783.242 -41.158 25.830 0.014 -20.830 -34.822
Indian Code

Combination Load Cases

Primar Primary L/C

Comb. Combination L/C Name
y Name
3 GENERATED INDIAN CODE 1 LOAD CASE 1
2 LOAD CASE 2
4 GENERATED INDIAN CODE 1 LOAD CASE 1
2 LOAD CASE 2
5 GENERATED INDIAN CODE 1 LOAD CASE 1
6 GENERATED INDIAN CODE 1 LOAD CASE 1

72
Fig 8.1 DISPLACEMENT

Fig 8.2 SHEAR ON Y

73
Fig 8.3 REACTION

Fig 8.4 SKELETON VIEW

74
Fig 8.5 MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE FOR LOAD CASE 1

Fig 8.6 MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE FOR LOAD CASE 2

75
 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSIONS:

 The apartment plan has been made with a help of Vastu Sastra. The same
aids natural light and spacious accommodation for pleasant stay.
 Plan has been approached by an Engineering aspect to get a natural sun
light which provides natural ventilation.
 The design has been made as per Indian Standard IS 456-2000.
 Beams, Columns, Slabs, Stair Case & Foundation of Apartment are
designed on its own merit for Critical member with worst loading
combinations.
 Shear has been checked for all Structural members as per Indian
Standard.
 The Columns were designed using SP-16 and was checked for interaction
formula and was found to be safe.
 The footing were designed and checked for one way shear and two way
shear was found to be safe and the load was found to be less the safe
bearing capacity of the soil.
 Ductile Detailing has been provided in Beams & Columns which benefits
resistance during Earthquake.
 Detailed Seismology shall be carried out in Future for the same plan.

76
REFERENCES:

 Aman, Manjunath Nalwadgi Vishal T. Gajendra "Analysis and design of multistory

building by using STAAD pro", volume: 03,issue: 06, June-2016,
 Three kulkarnil, Sachin kulkarni, Anjumalgarm. H. Kolbar "Analysis and design of
high rise building frame using STAAD pro", Assistant Professor. Department of Civil
engineering, SECAB institute of engineering & technology.
 V.Varalakshmil, G.Shiva kumar, R. Sunil Sarma" Analysis and Design of G+5
residential building" Associate Professor, Department of Civil engineering.
Marrilaxman reddy institute of technology and management, Dundigal, Hyderabad,
India Students, Department of Civil engineering, Marrilaxman reddy Institute of
Technology and Management, Dundigal, Hyderabad, India. PP 73-77.
 Prakriti joshil. Bhawanarana Manager, Prashikatamang, Dinesh nabkoty, Planning
and Analysis of G+2 residential building using integrated green design concept,
Diploma Student in Deptartment of Civil Engineering, CCCT polytechnic volume 33
number 8- March 2016.
 Ranjeet. D.V.Snarshimarao, M D.Akramullah khan, "Vastu in construction in civil
engineering point of view", Assistant professor, Civil Department, GNITC,
Telangana, India.
 6) S.Suryanarayanan, D.Muthu, C.Venkatasubramanian "Application of Vasthu Sastra
in Modern Architecture".
 Reetagupta, "Comparison of vastu shastra with modern building science" Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NCTS, Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
 NKrishna Raju,"Design of Reinforced concrete structure",CBS Publishers and
Distributers.
 Sp-16-Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456-1978".
 IS 456:2000-"Code for plain and reinforced concrete".

77
ANNEXURE 1

3D MODELING

78
 site plan KEY PLAN
scale:1:16(or)1:200 NOT TO SCALE
PLAN SHOWING THE CONSTRUCTION OF R.C.C. ROOF TERRACED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN EB ......
PLOT:.....,S.NO:.......,......&...... NEW WARD-....,BLOCK-...,T.S.NO:....&.... AARTHI NAGAR AT
KURUNGUCHAVADI MARKET-REDDIYUR ROAD
12.19 M(40'0") EXISTING LAYOUT ROAD
PLOT NO:.....
NARASOTHIPATTY VILLAGE,SALEM CITY MUNCIPAL CORPORATION LIMIT IN DIVISION:....., PROPOSED BUIDING D.NO:.....

PROPOSED SITE
SURAMANGALAM ZONE-1

TRANSFORMER
9.15M(30'0") EXISTING LAYOUT ROAD (AARTHI NAGAR)
EB....-...
KURUNGUCHAVADI MARKET-REDDIYUR ROAD
PARAPET WALL

LMC MEDICAL

VAO OFFICE
KALAM & CO
CENTER
WEATHERING COARSE
JOINERIES DETAILS AERA DETAILS IN SQ.FT IN SQ.M
DOOR 1 1000mmX230mm 3'3"X9"
DOOR 2 600mmX230mm 2'X9" SITE EXTENT
1800 168.58
(AS PER DOCUMENT)
SHUTTER 1 3000mmX150mm 10'X4.5"
AS PER SURVEY PLAN 162.00
SHUTTER 2 2020mmX150mm 6'6"X4.5"
5'X9" SUPER IMPOSED
FLOOR FINISH IN TILES OPENING 1 1500mmX230mm
BOUNDARY
1750 158.00
RCC ROOF SLAB IN 1:1.5:3 MIX OPENING 2 2500mmX230mm 8'X9"
PROPOSED GROUND FLOOR
GRILL 4000mmX230mm 13'X9"
LINTEL WINDOW 1 1000mmX230mm 3'3"X9" PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR
BRICK WORK IN C.M 1:5 MIX WINDOW 2 2000mmX230mm 6'5"X9" PROPOSED SECOND FLOOR
VENTILATOR 750mmX230mm 2'5"X9"
SAND FILLING TOTAL AREA
FOUNDATION 2 IN RCC 1:1.5:3 MIX
FOUNDATION 1 IN RCC 1:1.5:3 MIX AREA OF OPEN
PLINTH BEAM IN C.C 1:1.5:3
100.0000
50.0000
350.0000
FOUNDATION 3 IN RCC 1:1.5:3 MIX
200.0000
ELEVATION
100.0000 400.0000
15010.0 600.0000
800.0000
W2 W2 W2 W1
SECTION ON 'AB' RAIN WATER HARVESTING:
1000.0000
COLUMN FOOTING DETAILS: STAIR CASE DETAIL:
N COLUMN SIZE : 9"X9"
TOILET
1700X1200 V
KITCHEN
PASSAGE

BED ROOM 1 BED ROOM 2 D2 PERFORATED CONCRETE SLAB

W2 3000X2500 3000X2500 2500X2500 W2 W2 W2 W1 G.L G.L 16mm DIA MAIN BAR 300.0 BRICK WORK IN C.M 1:5 RECHARGE PIT WITH BORE HOLES
WAIST SLAB IN R.C.C 1:2:4
D2 N STIRUPS OF 8mm DIA BAR C/C
DISTRIBUTION BARS
16mm DIA MAIN BAR SAND & BRICK BATS
BATHROOM V TOILET 12mm DIA BARS C/C SPACING
BALCONY 1700X1200 1700X1200 V 150.0
12mm DIA MAIN BAR
GRILL

KITCHEN

PASSAGE
2000X5230 D1 D1 D1 BED ROOM 1 BED ROOM 2 D2 16mm DIA BARS C/C
W2 3000X2500 3000X2500 2500X2500 SAND FILLING
12mm DIA BAR 150mm-300mm DIA BORE WELL
RAISE:0'7"
D2 AT C/C
D1 O1 PASSAGE W1 THREAD:0'9"
BATHROOM V WIDTH:3'
A HALL DINNING ROOM B GRILL BALCONY 1700X1200
3000X2500 3000X2500 2000X5230 D1 D1 D1
D1
10420.0
D1 O1 PASSAGE W1
D1 A HALL DINNING ROOM B
W1 BED ROOM 3 3000X2500 3000X2500
up W2 D1
4270X3000
PASSAGE
D1
up
W1 BED ROOM 3
up W2
4270X3000
PASSAGE
CAR PARKING SHOP 1 SHOP 2 SHOP 3 up
O2 3230X2500 3000X2500 2020X2500 2020X2500
SEPTIC TANK DETAILS:
GLASS WINDOW
SHUTTER 1 SHUTTER 2 SHUTTER 2 VENT PIPE
R.C.C SLAB
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN INLET CHAMBER
MAN HOLE 1000mmX1000mm
OUTLET CHAMBER
LOOSE
B.W IN C.M 1:5
P.C.C 1:5:10
SAND FILLING
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
W2 W2 W2 W1
OUTLET CHAMBER
TOILET
1700X1200 V N INLET CHAMBER
KITCHEN

PASSAGE
BED ROOM 1 BED ROOM 2 D2
2500X2500
2500.0
W2 3000X2500 3000X2500 2800.0 200.0
D2 100.0
BATHROOM V SAND FILLING
BALCONY 1700X1200
GRILL

2000X5230 D1 D1 D1
4500.0
4800.0
D1 O1 PASSAGE W1
A HALL DINNING ROOM B
3000X2500 3000X2500 PLAN
D1
D1
W1 APPLICANT NAME : MOHINTH K
up BED ROOM 3 W2 ENGINEER NAME: KAVIYARASAN B
4270X3000 RITHEESH S
PASSAGE
ARUN A P
up
GLASS WINDOW
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
 ANNEXURE 3
MIND MAP
PLANNING, ANALYSING AND DESIGN OF G+2 RESIDENTIAL
HOUSING COMPLEX

BY,

RITHEESH S (1919101044)

ARUN A P (1919101702)

MOHINTH K (1919101712)
 DJ INFRA DEVELOPER
Di INFRA DEVELOPER
You ram. Comas ue 9War lhe.
Email :[email protected] GSTIN: 33DDMPK6253F1Z
Phone: +91 96882 43212

Date: 08-12-2022

CERTIFICATE

This is to inform that Mr.Ritheesh.S Studying Fourth year

Bachelor of Civil Engineering at Sona College of Technology at
Salem,has contacted me and discussed about their project work titled
"PLANNING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+3
RESIDENTIAL
APARTMENT". Regarding this I gave suggestion about the project.

All the best for your successful outcomes.

For DJ Infra Developer.

. Wyoraon. HE
Por DU INFRA
DEVELOPER
Proprieto

267/7A SankariMain Raod 4th lard Tharamangalam, Salem-636502

 DU INFRA DEVELOPER
Yoe Drenm Comas ue Plah hs.
Di iNERA DEVELOPER

Email : [email protected] GSTIN: 33DDMPK6253F1ZI

Phone: +91 9688243212

Date : 08-12-2022

CERTIFICATE

This is to inform that Mr.Arun.A.P Studying Fourth year

Bachelor of Civil Engineering at Sona College of Technology at
Salem,has contacted me and discussed about their project work titled
"PLANNING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+3 RESIDENTIAL
APARTMENT". Regarding this I gave suggestion about the project
All the best for your successful outcomes.

For DJ Infra Developer.

2.auyarasom.
Por DU INFRA
HE
DEVELOPER
3. yl
or

267/7A Sankari Main Raod, 4th Ward, Tharamangalam. Salem-65GS02

 0J INFRA DEVELOPER
Yout roem omasu Wan la.
D INERA DEVEOPER

Email [email protected] GSTIN:33DDMPK6253F1Z1

Phone: +91 96882 43212

Date: 08-12-2022

CERTIFICATE

This is to inform that Mr.Mohinth.K Studying Fourth year

Bachelor of Civil Engineering at Sona College of Technology at
Salem,has contacted me and discussed about their project work titled
"PLANNING ANALYSIS AND DEsIGN OF G+3 RESIDENTIAL
APARTMENT". Regarding this I gave suggestion about the project.

All the best for your successful outcomes.

For DJ Infra Developer.

For D INFRA
DEVELOPER
Proprietor

267/7A SankariMain Paod