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    Revels and Raj 1857

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    Revels and Raj 1857

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    Revels and raj 1857

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    Revels and Raj 1857

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    REBELS AND THE RAJ - 1857

    Question 1. Explain any three source to know about the revolt of 1857?
    Answer:
    Proclamation and ishtahars (notification) issued by rebal leaders to propagate their ideas and
    persuade people to join the revolt.
    The Azamgarh proclamation,25th August 1857.
    Letters written by the rebels to their family members and friends.

    Question 2. Under what circumference Bahadur Shah Zafar bless the rebellion ?
    Answer: Bahadur Shah Zafar's support of the rebellion boosted the morale of the people and the ruling
    families. They became united to fight the British authority with double spirit. People of the towns and
    villages rose up in rebellion and rallied around local leaders, zamindars, and chiefs.

    Question 3. Reveal proclamation of 1857 appeals to all the section of population for unity. Explain
    the statement to example
    Answer: The rebel proclamations of 1857 appealed to all sections of the Indian population for unity by
    addressing the sentiments of people of different castes, creeds, and regions. For example, many of the
    proclamations were issued by Muslim princes or in their names, but they still addressed the sentiments
    of Hindus.
    The rebellion against the British in 1857 was more than just a military uprising. The rebels sought to
    overturn traditional hierarchies and rebel against all oppressors. For example, in villages, they burnt
    account books and ransacked moneylenders' houses.

    Question 4. Art and literature as much a writing of history have helped in keeping life with the
    memory of 1857 . Explain the statement to reference to Rani Lakshmibai.
    Answer: Art and literature and the writing of history has helped to keep alive memories of 1857. The
    leaders of the revolt have been depicted as heroes who succeeded in arousing the people against the
    oppressive rule of the British. horse-a symbol of the determination to resist injustice and foreign rule.

    Question 5. Why the British so keen to acquire award explain


    Or, Why did the British annex Awadh in 1856? On what pretext did they carry out annexation?
    Answer : Reason for the annexation of Awadh by British :
    Suitable soil for cotton and indigo cultivation.
    Awadh could be developed as Principle Market of upper India.
    Takeoverof Awadh was expected to complete the process of territorial annexation.
    Pretext of Awadh's annexation
    Region was being misgoverned and mal administered.
    Wrongly assumed that Wajid Ali Shah was an unpopular ruler.
    Subsidiary alliance.

    Question 6. How did the rumours play a role in moving the people to revolt against the British
    during 1857. Explain?
    Answer: Rumors and prophesies played a part in moving people to action:
    They told that bullets coated with the fat of cows & pigs and that biting those bullets would corrupt
    their caste and religion. They were referring to the cartridges of the Enfield rifles which had just
    been given to them.
    Rumors about British intentions: There were also rumors that the British government had mixed
    bone dust from cows and pigs into flour sold in the market.
    Prophecies: There was a prophecy that British rule would end on June 23, 1857, the centenary of
    the Battle of Plassey.

    Question 7.Explain the grievances of the Indian sepoys against the British rule before the Revolt
    of 1857 with examples.
    Answer: The Sepoys complained of:
    Low levels of pay.
    Difficulty in getting leave.
    Policy of racial discrimination adopted by the British officers in terms of physical abuse, promotion,
    pension and terms of service.
    Rumours about the use of animal fat in cartridges, flour etc.
    Question 8. Examine the participation of the Taluqdars of Awadh in the Revolt of 1857.
    Answer: The participation of Taluqdars of Awadh in the Revolt of 1857 :
    The annexation of Awadh dispossessed the taluqdars of the region.
    The countryside of Awadh was dotted with the estates and forts of taluqdars who had
    controlled land and power for many generations in the countryside
    The British were unwilling to tolerate the power of the talugdars.
    After the annexation, the talugdars were disarmed and their forts were destroyed.
    The Summary Settlement proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.
    In pre-British times, talugdars held 67 per cent of the total number of villages in Awadh, by the
    Summary Settlement this number came down to 38 per cent.
    The taluqdars of southern Awadh were the hardest hit and some lost more than half of the total
    number of previously held villages.
    British land revenue officers believed that by removing taluqdars they would be able to settle
    the land with the actual owners of the soil.
    Large areas of Awadh were actually heavily over assessed.

    Question 9. Examine why why are the religious division between Hindu and Muslim highly
    noticeable during the uprising of 1857
    Answer: Religious divisions were not very noticeable during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 for a
    number of reasons, including:
    Ishtahars
    These documents glorified the coexistence of different communities under the Mughal Empire,
    harking back to the pre-British past.
    British attempts to create divisions
    The British spent 50,000 rupees in December 1857 to incite the Hindu population against the
    Muslims in Bareilly, Western Uttar Pradesh.
    However, their attempts failed.
    Question 10. Examine the visual representations of the revolt of 1857 that provoked a range of
    different emotions and reactions.
    Answer: Visual Representation of the Revolt of 1857
    One important record of the mutiny is the pictorial images produced by the British and Indians:
    paintings, pencil drawings, etchings, posters, cartoons, bazaar prints.
    Artists expressed as well as shaped these sentiments through their visual representations of
    trauma and suffering which were published in the Newspapers of Britain.

    [A] CELEBRATING THE SAVIOURS


    1. British Painters views -
    For example "Relief of Lucknow", painted by Thomas Jones Barker in 1859.
    Barker's painting celebrates the moment of Campbell's entry.
    At the centre of the canvas are the British heroes - Campbell, Outram and Havelock.
    The gestures of the hands of those around lead the spectator's eyes towards the centre.

    2. Joseph Noel Paton


    "In Memoriam" was painted by Joseph Noel Paton two years after the mutiny.
    "In Memoriam" does not show violence; it only suggests it.
    It stirs up the spectator's imagination, and seeks to provoke anger and fury.
    It represents the rebels as violent and brutish, even though they remain invisible in the picture.
    In the background one can see the British rescue forces arriving as saviours.

    3. Sketches published in British Newspaper


    Depiction of Women: British Women appear heroic, defending themselves against the attack of
    rebels.
    For Example, Miss Wheeler stands firmly at the centre, defending her honour, single handedly
    killing the attacking rebels.
    The woman's struggle to save her honour and her life, in fact, is represented as having a
    deeper religious connotation: it is a battle to save the honour of Christianity.
    [B] VENGEANCE AND RETRIBUTION
    In one such image Justice, published in Punce, 1857 we see an allegorical female figure of
    justice with a sword in one hand and a shield in the other.
    Her posture is aggressive; her face expresses rage and the desire for revenge.
    She is trampling sepoys under her feet while a mass of Indian women with children cower with
    fear.
    The urge for vengeance and retribution was expressed in the brutal way in which the rebels were
    executed. "The British Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger", was published in Punch, 1857.
    Mounted soldiers and sepoys in uniform dominate the scene.

    [C] NO TIME FOR CLEMENCY


    In one Punch, a British journal of comic satire, Canning is shown as a looming father figure, with his
    protective hand over the head of a sepoy.

    [D] NATIONALIST IMAGERIES


    Films and posters have helped create the image of Rani Lakshmi Bai as a masculine warrior.
    In popular prints Rani Lakshmi Bai is usually portrayed in battle armour, with a sword in hand and riding
    a horse - a symbol of the determination to resist injustice and alien rule.

    Question 11. What were the social, economical, religious , military cause of 1857 revolt?
    Answer: The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the Indian Mutiny, had many causes,
    including social, economic, religious, and military factors:
    Social causes
    The British treated Indians poorly, calling them "rustics" and "Black Indians". The British also
    abandoned their policy of non-interference in Indian socio-religious life. The abolition of Sati in 1829
    and the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856 also caused unrest.

    Economic causes
    The British rule led to the decline of the Indian economy, which was burdened by commercialized
    agriculture, de-industrialization, and a drain of wealth. The British also imposed high taxes and
    revenues on peasants and zamindars.

    Military causes
    The General Enlistment Act of July 25, 1856 was a major military factor in the revolt.

    Political causes
    The British expansion led to unjust policies that caused the loss of power of the Nawabs and
    Zamindars. The British East India Company's monopoly on trade, exemption from taxation, and growing
    landholdings also created inequality and injustice.

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