AL/2023/09/E-I

[KOg;gjpg;GupikAilaJ / All Rights Reserved]

Instructions:
 Answer all the questions.
 Write your index number in the space provided in the answer sheet.
 Instructions are given on the back of the answer sheet. Follow them carefully.
 In each of the questions 1 to 50, pick one of the alternatives from (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) which
is correct or most appropriate and mark your response on the answer sheet with a cross
(X) in accordance with the instructions given on the back of the answer sheet.

01) Which of the following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all the
other levels in the list?
1) organelles 2) organs 3) cells 4) molecules 5) tissues

02) Ice floats on water because:

1) the molecules in ice are farther apart than the molecules in liquid water
2) water's surface tension is strong enough to support the ice
3) there is oxygen dissolved in liquid water
4) liquid water is less denser than ice
5) liquid water has minimum density at 40 C

03) What is responsible for the high resolution of the electron microscope?
1) High magnification 2) Use powerful magnets to focus beam of electrons.
3) Use of heavy metal stains. 4) Short wavelength of the electron beam.
5) Very thin sections.

04) An amino acid in a cell is used to synthesise an enzyme secreted by the cell. What is the
sequence of cell components involved in this pathway?
1) Endoplasmic reticulum →Transport vesicle→Golgi apparatus→Ribosome→Secretory
vesicle.
2) Endoplasmic reticulum → Transport vesicle →Ribosome → Golgi apparatus → Secretory
vesicle.
3) Ribosome → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicle → Endoplasmic reticulum → Transport
vesicle.
4) Ribosome → Endoplasmic reticulum→ Transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Secretory
vesicle.
5) Ribosome → Endoplasmic reticulum → Secretory vesicle → Golgi apparatus→ Transport
vesicle.
[See page two
AL/2023/09/E-I -2-
05) Which of the following is the best combination of cell junction, its location and function?
1) Tight junction, skin epithelium, allow signals.
2) Anchor junction, animal embryo, exchange of materials
3) Gap junction, heart muscle, preventing leakage.
4) Tight junction, muscle tissue, strong binding
5) Gap junction, animal embryo, exchange of materials.

06) A few events that take place during prophase I are given below.

A - Microtubules attach to the kinetochore

B - Crossing over takes place
C - Dissembling of synaptonemal complex.
D - Chromosome begin to condense
E - Formation of zipper like structure
Which of the following show the correct sequence of the above events?
1) D,E,B,C,A 2) D,E,C,B,A 3) A,D,E,B,C
4) D,B,E,C,A 5) D,E,B,A,C

07) Which one of the following statements is correct regarding allosteric regulation of enzymes?

1) All enzymes that show allosteric regulation are made up to two or more subunits
2) Allosteric activators can bind to the active sites of the enzymes
3) Co-operativity increases the catalytic activity of the enzyme
4) Allosteric inhibitors are irreversible non- competitive intibitors
5) When ATP supply exceeds demand, catabolism slows down as ADP molecules
function as allosteric inhibitor.

08) When a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem I traps light, it loses an electron. In

noncyclic electron flow this electron is replaced,
1) from one of the antenna pigments.
2) By the splitting of a water molecule.
3) by a donation from photosystem II.
4) by a donation from an unexcited chlorophyll molecule
5) from the hydrogen atoms of NADPH.

09) An important function of fermentation is to

1) synthesize glucose
2) produce ethyl alcohol as a nutrient
3) prevent oxidative phosphorylation
4) produce NADH
5) regenerate NAD+

10) Primitive soup was most probably present

1) 5.5 – 4.6 billion years ago. 2) 4.6 – 3.5 billion years ago. 3) 3.5 – 2.7 billion years ago.
4) 2.7 – 1.8 billion years ago. 5) 1.8 – 0.7 billion years ago.

[See page three

AL/2023/09/E-I -3-
11) Correct statement regarding history of classification
1) Aristotle classified plants according to life span
2) Theophrastus divided organisms into plants and animals
3) Ernest Haeckel classified organisms into two kingdoms such as plant kingdom and
animal kingdom
4) Three domain classification based mainly on the difference between prokaryotes
5) R.H Whittaker not included prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell differentiation in 05
kingdom classification

12) Some major features of organisms of kingdom Plantae are given in the following table.
Seeds Sperms Vascular tissues Nature of spores

A – Present P – Motile R – Present T – Homosporous

B – Absent Q – Non-motile S – Absent U –Heterosporous

Select the response that indicates the correct combination of the above features for each of the
organisms given below.
1) Cycas - A, Q, R, U 2) Pinus - A, P, R, U 3) Nephrolepis - B, P, R, U
4) Anthoceros - B, P, R, T 5) Selaginella - B, P, R, U

13)All features given in which one of the following responses are present in a plant with
tetramerous follower parts?
1) Reticulate veins in leaves, embryos with two cotyledons Tap roots, branched lipids in cell,
membrame.
2) Naked seeds, dominant sporophyte, vascular bundles in the stem without cambia,
unbranched lipids in cell membrane.
3) embryos with one cotyledon, photosynthetic gametophyte, scattered vascular bundles in
stem, branched lipids in cell membrane.
4) Parallel veins in leaves ,heterospory, fibrous roots, protein synthesis that begins with formyl
methionine
5) Ring arrangement of vascular bundles in stem, pollen grains are with three openings, seeds in
fruits, protein synthesis is that begin with methionine

14) Each of the following features can be seen in some of the six classes of phylum Chordata.
A - Ectothermic B - Muscular diaphragm
C - Adult forms respire by gills. D - Body is covered with keratinized structures
When each of the above features are arranged as seen only in one, two, three or four classes of
the phylum Chordata, the correct sequence is
1) A, B, C and D 2) B, A, C and D 3) B, C, D and A
4) B, D, C and A 5) C, B, D and A

15) Which one of the following parts of the trunk of a large tree is the most important in
transport of sucrose from the leaves to the roots?
1) heart wood 2) soft wood 3) vascular cambium 4) bark 5) periderm.

[See page four

AL/2023/09/E-I -4-
16) Some of the plants cells are given below
A - Tracheids
B - Companion cells
C - Parenchyma cells
D - Cork cells
Which of the above cells is/are produced by the activity of vasculers cambium?
1) A only
2) A and B only
3) A and C only
4) A,B and C only
5) A,B,C and D only

17) Which of the following would happen when a turgid cell is placed in a solution which
has a similar solute potential to the cell?
1) Endosmosis until its water potential equals to the water potential of the solution
2) Exosmosis until its water potential equals to the water potential of the solution
3) Exosmosis until plasmolysis
4) Endosmosis until its pressure potential and solute potential are in same value.
5) Exosmosis until its pressure potential becomes zero.

18) Which one of the following combination is correct in relation to the form of element intake by
plant?

1) MoO42-,PO43-, Cu2+ 2) MoO42-, H2BO3-, H2PO4- 3) H2PO-4, B4O72-, Mn2+

4) Fe3+, MnO4-, NO2- 5) PO43-, NO3-, Mn2+

19) Shown below is the life cycle of a terrestrial plant.

Which of the following responses indicates the processes (a), (b), (c) and (d) in correct
sequence?
1) Meiotic division, growth and development, mitotic division, germination
2) Mitotic division, germination, meiotic division, growth and development
3) Mitotic division, growth and development, meiotic division, germination
4) Germination, mitotic division, meiotic division, growth and development
5) Growth and development, germination, meiotic division, mitotic division

[See page five

AL/2023/09/E-I -5-
20) Plant hormones that promote leaf abscission, regulate development of fruit, and inhibit
growth are respectively.
1) Ethylene, auxin, abscisic acid.
2) abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene,
3) ethylene, gibberellins, abscisic acid
4) abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene
5) cytokines, auxins, abscisic acid

21) Which of the following is a pre - existing structural defense mechanism?

1) The size, location, and shapes of stomata
2) Producing secondary metabolites in some plants
3) Formation of cork and abscission layers
4) Morphological changes in the cell wall
5) Production of toxic compounds

22) Some fiatures in the cells of muscle tissues are as follows.

A - Composed of actin and myosin B - lack striations

C - Presence of sarcomeres D - uninucleated
which of the above features is/are common to cardiac muscle tissues and smooth muscle
tissues?
1) A only 2) A and C only 3) A and D only
4) A,C and D only 5) B,C and D only

23) Which of the following is found both in pancreatic juice and intestinal juice?
1) Carboxypeptidase 2) Amylase 3) Nucleotidase 4) Aminopeptidase 5)Nuclease

24) What is the blood group of donor from whom blood can be transfused to a person having
only antigen A in red blood cells?
1) AB+ 2) O+ 3) A¯ 4) AB¯ 5) A+

25) As blood enters the systemic capillaries

1) pO₂ in the blood is the same as pCO₂ in the tissues.
2) pO₂ and pCO₂ in the blood are in equilibrium with those of alveolar air
3) pCO₂ in the blood is lower than that in the alveolar air.
4) pO₂ in the blood is higher than that in the alveolar air.
5) pCO₂ in the blood is higher than that in the tissues.

26) The cells that kill the abnormal cells but do not engulf them are
1) T cells only
2) Natural killer cells only
3) T cells and B cells
4) T cells and Natural killer cells
5) Natural killer cells and Neutrophils.
[See page six
AL/2023/09/E-I -6-
27) Select the correct combination regarding excretory structures in animals.
1) Body surface- Flatworms
2) Malphigian tubules - Annelids
3) Sweat glands - Reptiles
4) Green glands - Crustaceans
5) Salt gland - Insects

28) Which part of the brain is responsible for directing skeletal muscle movement through
the initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction?
1)Thalamus 2)Hypothalamus 3) Cerebellum 4) Mid brain 5) Cerebrum

29) In which of the following, is (ii) caused by (i) during the functioning of the human eyes
A: (i) The light rays are focused on the retina.
(ii) Voltage changes happen in the photo receptive cells.
B: (i) Contraction of ciliary muscles.
(ii) Objects closer to eyes can be seen.
C: (i) Constriction of pupil.
(ii) Enable vision in dim light
1) In A only
2) In A and B only
3) In A and C only
4) In B and C only
5) In A,B and C

30) Which of the following could be seen in the human female ovary during the reproductive years?
1) Germinal epithelium as the outer most layer of each follicle
2) Medulla containing developing follicles
3) Mature ovum
4) First polar body
5) Oogonia

31) In human the number of vertebrae that bear ribs is,

1) 5 2) 7 3) 10 4) 12 5) 24
32) In the progeny of a cross between the genotypes AaBb and aabb, the genotypic ratio of
AaBb:Aabb: aaBb:aabb was 1:1:1:1. This result can be due to
1) independent assortment
2) gene linkage
3) codominance
4) polygenic inheritance
5) incomplete dominance

[See page seven

AL/2023/09/E-I -7-
33) In a test cross, an organism with
1) dominant trait is crossed with one of its parents.
2) Recessive trait is crossed with one of its parents.
3) Dominant trait is crossed with an organism showing recessive trait.
4) Recessive trait is crossed with an organism showing dominant trait.
5) Dominant trait is crossed with an organism of the F1 generation.

34) In which of the following human genetic disorders, the co-dominant mutated genes
are involved?
1) Red-green colour blindess
2) Sickle cell aneamia
3) Down syndrome
4) Cystic fibrosis
5) Schizophrenia

35) Which of the following is a function of a signal peptide?

1) to direct an mRNA molecule into the cisternal space of the ER
2) to bind RNA polymerase to DNA and initiate transcription
3) to terminate translation of the messenger RNA
4) to signal the initiation of transcription
5) to guide polypeptides to a particular location in the cell

36) Some characteristic features of certain ecosystems in Sri Lanka are periodic fires, sparse
canopy and trees with twisted trunks. Each of these features is respectitively found in
1) Patana, lowland rain forests and montane forests.
2) Savanna,dry monsoon forests and montane forests.
3) Savanna,thorn forests and patana.
4) Savanna,montane forests and dry monsoon forests.
5) Patana,dry monsoon forests and mangroves

37) Which of the following three organisms belong to the same group when endemism
or indigenousness or invasive alien or migration is considered?
1) Black ruby barb,snakehead,slender loris.
2) Rubber, ,Hora, ,kitul
3) Indian fly catcher, blue magpie of Sri Lanka, Indian pitta
4) Gini grass, Water hyacianth, ,Lantana
5) Tilapiya, Giant affrican land snail, Lingula

[See page eight

AL/2023/09/E-I -8-
38) Which statement is correct regarding the nutritional and physiological diversity of bacteria?
1) Acetobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
2) Clostridium sp. is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
3) Nitrosomonas sp. use organic chemicals as an energy source.
4) Lactobacillus sp. cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
5) Escherichia coli can grow in anaerobic environments.

39) Two species of microorganisms that cause food intoxication are

1) Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium botulinum.
2) Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp.
3) Clostridium botulinum and Salmonella typhi.
4) Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae.
5) Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum.

40) Some common diseases of fresh water ornamental fishes are given below.
A - fish white spot disease ( Ich disease)
B - Trichodinosis
C - Columnaris disease
Which of the above diseases is/ are caused by external, unicellular parasites?
1) A only
2) A and B only
3) A and C only
4) B and C only
5) A,B and C
* For each of the questions 41 to 50 one or more of the response/s is/are correct. Decide
which response/s is/are correct and then select the correct number from the following
table.
Directions Summarised
1 2 3 4 5
A,B,D A,C,D A,B C,D Any other response or
correct correct correct correct combination of
responses correct

41) Which of the following is/ are found in both DNA and tRNA?
(A) Double helix structure (B) Ribose (C) Sugar - phosphate backbone
(D) Complementary base pairs (E) Thymine

42) Guttation in plants,

(A) is usually seen in the high humidity nights
(B) is a passive process.
(C) takes place through the stomata.
(D) helps to pull water up through the stem from roots.
(E) is explained by cohesion – tension hypothesis

[See page nine

AL/2023/09/E-I -9-
43) Which of the following parasympathetic responses is/ are correct?
(A) Constricts bronchi
(B) Promotes emptying of bladder
(C) Stimulate glucose release from liver
(D) Stimulates adrenal medulla
(E) Promotes vaginal contractions

44) Due to a drug that inhibits secretion of aldosterone,

(A) K+ concentration in urine will be increased.
(B) Amount of urine discharged will be reduced.
(C) Na+ concentration in urine will be increased.
(D) Blood pressure will be decreased.
(E) Concentration of urea in urine will be increased.

45) Which of the following statements regarding embryonic development of man is/are correct?
(A) Yolk sac contributes to the formation of early blood cells
(B) Trophoblast secretes enzymes after implantation
(C) Morula produces hCG
(D) Allantois serves as an early site for blood formation.
(E) Implantation occurs at the end of the gastrulation stage.

46) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct regarding the gene mutation occupied
by substitution?
(A) Some substitutions may not have an effect on the polypeptide that it encodes.
(B) Some of these are frameshift mutations.
(C) The length of the gene is never changed by substitution.
(D) Some substitutions may cause premature termination in protein synthesis.
(E) During this, one or more nucleotide pairs are replaced by another pair.

47) A food web seen in home garden is given below.

In the above food web, the animals that can be considered to be in the same trophic level are
(A) grasshopper and snake.
(B) snake and coucal.
(C) toad and snake.
(D) lizard and cat.
(E) cat and coucal

[See page ten

AL/2023/09/E-I - 10 -
48) What is/ are the product/ products made using Aspergillus niger?
(A) Citric acid (B) Vitamin B12 (C) Amylase (D) Cellulase (E) Protease

49) Which of the following diseases is/are caused in the human digestive system
(A) Cholera
(B) Typhoid
(C) Influenza
(D) Hepatitis
(E) Leptospirosis

50) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the stem cell therapy?
(A) Stem cells can be isolated and cultured in culture media in vitro
(B) Stem cells usually divide at a slow rate.
(C) Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by reprogramming adult cells.
(D) There are ethical concerns of obtaining human embryonic stem cells.
(E) Hematopoietic stem cells are commonly used to treat leukemia.

***
 -1-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
[KOg;gjpg;GupikAilaJ/All Rights Reserved]

Instructions: Index No: …….………………………

⁕ This question paper consists of 10 questions in 11 pages.

⁕ This question paper comprises Part A and B. The time allotted for both parts is three hours.

PART A – Structured Essay (Pages 2-10)

⁕ Answer all four questions on this paper itself.
⁕ Write your answer in the space provided for each question. Note that the space provided is sufficient
for the answer and that extensive are not expected.

PART B – Essay (Page 11)

⁕ Answer four questions only. Use the papers supplied for this purpose. At the end of the time
allotted for this paper, before handing over to the supervisor tie the two parts together so
that Part A is on the top of Part B.
⁕ You are permitted to remove only Part B of the question paper from the examination hall. (detach
it)

For Examiner’s Use Only

Part Question No. Marks; Total;
1
In Numbers
2
A 3 In Letters
4
5 Code Numbers
6
7 Marking Examiner 1
B 8
9 Marking Examiner 2
10 Checked by
Total Supervised by

[See page two

 AL/2023/09/E-II(A) -2-

Do not
PART- A write in this
Structured Essay column
Answer all four questions on this paper itself.
(Each question carries 100 marks.)

1. (A)

(i) a) What are natural resources?

…………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………….………

b) State three environmental problems that arise due to overexploitation of natural

resources.
………………………………………………………...………………………………….

…………………………………………………………...……………………………….

(ii) Indicate the function performed by polymeric molecule of fructose.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) What are the components that make up the ribosome?
………………………………………………………….…………………………………

(iv) When examining a stained temporary preparation of onion root tips under the light
microscope, a student observed cells with two nuclei consisting of chromatins
surrounded by nuclear envelope. In which phase of cell division could those cells be?
………………………………………………………….…………………………………
(v) Which cellular structure anchorages cytosolic enzymes?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(vi) Indicate the locations where substrate phosphorylation takes place in a cell.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……

(B)

(i) Indicate two small organic molecules formed as a result of abiotic synthesis that
occurred in early atmosphere during biochemical evolution.
………………………………………………………………………………………...….
.
(ii) What is meant by species name?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Some archaebacteria species inhabit the anaerobic environments. Mention two such
environments.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

[See page three

 -3-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
(iv) Give the phylogenetic species concept. write in this
column
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) Mention the fungal phyla that include aquatic fungal species.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) State three characteristics that can be seen in animals included in class Osteichthyes
but cannot be seen in animals included in class Chondrichthyes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(vii) Indicate three unique features of phylum Nematoda.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(C)

(i) Briefly describe the companion cells found in plants.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the form of intake of element essential for pollen tube growth.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Draw and label the surface view of stomata in a dicotyledonous leaf to show its
structure as seen under the high power of light microscope in the given space.

(iv) State a reason for the closing of stomata during day time other than drought and high
temperature.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(v) Name the plant phyla which have gametophytes visible to the eye.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

[See page four

 -4-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
(vi) Write a plant growth substance that promotes and delays the leaf senescence. write in this
column

Promote - ……………………………………………………………………………….
Delay - ……………………………………………………………………………………
100

2. (A)

(i) Mention the epithelial tissue type that has ciliated cells in many vertebrates and state a
location of that epithelial tissue type.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Indicate a vertebrate class that includes fluid feeders.

...……………………………………………………………………………………….….
(iii) Indicate two substances that are absorbed in the human stomach.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
(iv) State the places where carboxypeptidase enzyme which participates in protein digestion
in man is secreted.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) In humans, which blood capillary consists of incomplete walls?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi) Which component of food facilitates protein sparing?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vii) What is the specific feature of blood found in arteries, veins and capillaries of
vertebrates?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(viii) a) Give one lymphoid tissue and one lymphoid organ in humans.
Tissue ………………………………………………………………………………..
Organ ………………………………………………………………………………...
b) Indicate a respiratory pigment found in hemolymph of arthropods.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(B)

(i) Which blood group/groups contains/contain antibody a (anti-A)?

………………………………………………………………………………………….....

[See page five

 -5-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
(ii) Indicate the invertebrate animal where body cavity is present and body surface serves as write in this
column
the respiratory structure.

………………………………………………………………………………………...…..

(iii) Which process helps clean the respiratory system?

………………………………………………………………………………………….....
(iv) Which respiratory capacity helps for continuous exchange of gas in the alveoli?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) Which is the other name by which antibody mediated immune response is called?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(vi) What are the types of acquired immunity that can cause secondary immune response?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(vii) What are the final excretory end products formed when carbohydrates are metabolized
within the animal body cells when oxygen is available?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(viii) Indicate three substances that are only reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule of
human nephron.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(C)

(i) What are the effectors of autonomic nervous system?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) How tensile strength is obtained by human skin?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Name the hormones that are involved in mediating short term stress responses and state
the site of production of those hormones.
Hormones: - ……………………………………………………………………………...
Site: - ……………………………………………………………………………………..

[See page six

 -6-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
(iv) Name the organ that produces inhibin hormone in males and females and state the write in this
column
significance of inhibin in both males and females.
Male: - …………………………………………………………………………………..
Female: - ………………………………………………………………………………..
Significance: - …………………………………………………………………………...

(v) Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?

………………………………………………………………………………………….…

(vi) State the importance of hormones which are responsible for the release of prolactin by
the anterior pituitary gland for milk production after parturition.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………….…

(vii) Name the substance that is formed due to the breakdown of red blood cells.
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
100

3. (A)

(i) What is the importance of maintaining the temperature of testis of males 2o C below the
body temperature?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Briefly indicate how ejaculatory duct is formed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State the time duration taken for the following.
a) Production of mature sperm cells from spermatogonia.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Beginning of the cleavage of zygote …………………………………………………
c) Human pregnancy period …………………………………………………………….

(iv) Name two hormones involved in the process of parturition.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(v) What are the organic compounds that form the exoskeleton of arthropods?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi) Name the movable joint present in the human skull and state the skull bones that
participate in the above joint.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………

[See page seven

 AL/2023/09/E-II(A) -7-

Do not
(vii) State two characteristics of the first secondary curvature. write in this
column
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
(viii) What is the characteristic the second cervical vertebra shares with other cervical
vertebrae?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(B)

(i) a) What are meant by alleles?

………………………………………………………………………………………….....
b) What can be said about the location of alleles?
………………………………………………………………………………………..…...

(ii) Write the following features against their corresponding genetic characters given below.
• Attached earlobe.
• ABO blood group.
• Schizophrenia.
a. Epigenetics ………………………………………………………………………………
b. Polyallelism ……………………………………………………………………………
c. Phenotype, whose genotype can be known as soon as it is seen.………………….…….

(iii) What is the reason for the population that follows Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be
extremely large?
………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
(iv) State an advantage of inbreeding in agriculture and research.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
(v) Why it is harder for desirable mutations to be obtained by screening in mutation
breeding?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(vi) Briefly describe the way a eukaryotic chromosome is architected at the third level.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(C)

(i) Indicate three similarities between replication that takes place in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………….…

[See page eight

 AL/2023/09/E-II(A) -8-

Do not
(ii) Which phase of meiosis is mainly responsible for aneuploidy? write in this
column
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(iii) What is the role of DNA ligase in gene technology?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) Why mostly two markers used in cloning vectors?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(v) To which features, GM plants can show resistance?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(vi) Why variations in STR markers used in DNA fingerprinting do not have an impact on
phenotype?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vii) a) Indicate two agricultural methods that can be used to avoid the development of
superweeds
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
b) Name the international agreement and Sri Lankan legislation to protect consumers
from GM plants and their products.
International agreement: -……………………………………………………………
100
Legislation: -………………………………………………………………………......

4. (A)

(i) Write the organizational levels of the environment.

……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(ii) How carnivore-eating carnivores are called?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(iii) State two biomes which are least affected by human activities.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(iv) State the common name of a grass species present in both savanna and dry patana.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(v)
a) What is meant by in-situ conservation?
………………………………………………………………………………………...…..
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[See page nine

 -9-
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
b) State two places where in-situ conservation is performed. write in this
column
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………….…
(vi) State how deforestation has an effect upon the increase of carbon dioxide which is a
main greenhouse gas.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(vii) a) What is Basel convention?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b); What are the main types of wastes that can be controlled by Basel convention?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(B)

(i) What is the form of cell arrangement of bacteria that divides in multiple planes?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Write the name of a facultative anaerobic bacterial species.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) What is the reproduction method of mollicutes?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) How endotoxin producing bacteria affect the functions of host cells?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) State the name of antibiotic that is used to control microbes by inhibition of protein
synthesis.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) State two extremophiles that live in many hot springs other than thermophiles.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(vii) State one virus disease and one bacterial disease that can be controlled by using
inactivated vaccine.
Virus disease: - ………………………………………………………………………….
Bacterial disease: -………………………………………………………………………

(viii) Which methods reduce BOD in the wastewater purification step?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

[See page ten

 - 10 -
AL/2023/09/E-II(A)
Do not
(ix) State three characteristics of coliform bacteria used in the drinking water quality test. write in this
column
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……

(C)

(i) Conservation of species is one of the main benefits of ornamental fish culture. State the
common name of two species that have been conserved via ornamental fish culture.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(ii) State two importances of tissue culture related to heredity.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………….……
(iii) Drying is done in which of the basic principle of food preservation?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) What is the most effective way of controlling dengue vector?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) Which blood cell type could have increased in the test that is performed to determine
filariasis?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi) State two uses of nano device sensors in humans.
…………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vii) Name two cell types that can be used in stem cell therapy.
…………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……… 100

[See page eleven

AL/2023/09/E-II(B) - 11 -
[KOg;gjpg;GupikAilaJ/All Rights Reserved]

Instructions:
* Answer only 4 questions.
Give clear labelled diagrams where necessary.
(Each question carries 150 marks).

5) (a) Briefly describe how C4 pathway evolved to minimize photorespiration.

(b) Describe the C4 pathway of photosynthesis.

6) (a) Explain, how transpiration differs from guttation in basic characteristics.

(b) Briefly describe how roots show positive gravitropism according to statolith hypothesis.

7) (a) Describe the gross structure of human heart.

(b) Briefly describe the functions performed by the conducting system of heart.

8) Describe the structure of human skin and briefly describe the role of human skin in
regulation of the body temperature.

9) (a) Describe DNA delivery systems.

(b) Briefly describe the characteristics of tropical wet lowland rainforests.

10) Write short notes on the following.

(a) Hierarchy of Taxa
(b) Pleiotropy
(c) Sterilization of culture media